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Hyperbranched flame retardant to simultaneously improve the fire-safety, toughness and glass transition temperature of epoxy resin. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Mondal A, Banerjee S, Bose S, Das PP, Sandberg EN, Atanasov AG, Bishayee A. Cancer Preventive and Therapeutic Potential of Banana and Its Bioactive Constituents: A Systematic, Comprehensive, and Mechanistic Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:697143. [PMID: 34307163 PMCID: PMC8294041 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.697143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The banana (Musa spp.) plant produces elongated and edible fruit. The two main parthenocarpic species of banana are Musa accuminata Colla and Musa balbisiana Colla. There are several health-promoting and disease-preventing effects of Musa accuminata Colla, which are attributed to its important bioactive compounds, including phenolics, carotenoids, biogenic amines, phytosterols, and volatile oils, found in the stem, fruit, pseudostem, leaf, flower, sap, inner trunk, root, and inner core. Banana possesses numerous pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antiulcerogenic, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, leishmanicidal, anthelmintic, and anticancer properties. Various individual studies have reported anticancer effects of different components of the banana plant. However, according to our understanding, an up-to-date, systematic, and critical analysis of existing scientific results has not yet been carried out. Objectives This review aims to include a thorough assessment of banana and its phytochemicals for cancer prevention and therapy with a focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms of action. Methods The available research studies on anticancer activities of banana extracts, fractions and pure compounds were collected using various scholarly databases, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, based on predetermined selection criteria. Results Various banana extracts, fractions, and phytoconstituents, including ferulic acid, protocatechualdehyde, 2-pentanone, 4-epicyclomusalenone, cycloeucalenol acetate, and chlorogenic acid, have been shown to exhibit cancer preventative and anticancer activities in breast, cervical, colorectal, esophageal, hepatic, oral, prostate, and skin cancers. Bioactive components present in bananas have exhibited antiproliferative, cell cycle arrest-inducing, apoptotic, anti-adhesive, anti-invasive, and antiangiogenic effects through modulation of diverse, dysregulated oncogenic signaling pathways. Conclusion Based on the critical analysis of available literature, banana products and phytoconstituents show enormous potential for future development of drugs for cancer prevention and therapy. However, more mechanistic studies and well-designed clinical trials should be performed to establish its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dubrajpur, India
| | - Sabyasachi Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol, India
| | - Sankhadip Bose
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Bengal School of Technology, Chuchura, India
| | - Partha Pratim Das
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Bengal School of Technology, Chuchura, India
| | - Elise N Sandberg
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, United States
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland.,Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, United States
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Wan YJ, Wang YH, Guo Q, Jiang Y, Tu PF, Zeng KW. Protocatechualdehyde protects oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced myocardial injury via inhibiting PERK/ATF6α/IRE1α pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 891:173723. [PMID: 33159933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been considered as a promising strategy in developing novel therapeutic agents for cardiovascular diseases through inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Protocatechualdehyde (PCA) is a natural phenolic compound from medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza with cardiomyocyte protection. However, the potential mechanism of PCA on cardiovascular ischemic injury is largely unexplored. Here, we found that PCA exerted markedly anti-apoptotic effect in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced H9c2 cells (Rat embryonic ventricular H9c2 cardiomyocytes), which was detected by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Hoechst 33258 and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) assays. PCA also obviously protected cardiomyocytes in myocardial fibrosis model of mice, which was determined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining. Transcriptomics coupled with bioinformatics analysis revealed a complex pharmacological signaling network especially for PCA-mediated ER stress on cardiomyocytes. Further mechanism study suggested that PCA suppressed ER stress via inhibiting protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme1α (IRE1α), and transcription factor 6α (ATF6α) signaling pathway through Western blot, DIOC6 and ER-Tracker Red staining, leading to a protective effect against ER stress-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Taken together, our observations suggest that PCA is a major component from Salvia miltiorrhiza against cardiovascular ischemic injury by suppressing ER stress-associated PERK, IRE1α and ATF6α signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yan-Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Ke-Wu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity of boron nitride nanoparticles: emphasis on toxicogenomics. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:351-361. [PMID: 30644070 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is increasingly developing area including more than 700 commercial products such as clothing, food preparation, cosmetics, mechanics, electronics and also health industry. People generally contact with nanoparticles by inhaling from air. Thus, it is becoming important issue to understand harmful effects of nanoparticles on human health and prepare risk reports for common nano-sized materials. In this paper, synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity evaluation of boron nitride (BN) nanoparticles were performed on human primary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiC) since, main exposure to nanoparticles would generally happen through lung via inhalation. Chemically synthetized BN nanoparticles were characterized by using X-ray crystallography, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, neutral red and lactate dehydrogenase release assays were used to analyze cytotoxicity after nanoparticles exposure. Whole genome microarray analysis was used to find out the effects of BN NPs on gene expressions of HPAEpiC cells. Finally, the database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery analysis was used to reveal relationships between different cellular pathways and nanoparticle exposure. According to cytotoxicity analysis LC20 value for BN nanoparticles was 125.051 mg/L. Microarray results showed that 2159 genes expression change (FC ≥ 2) significantly over 40,000 genes analysis. When the gene pathways were analyzed, it was seemed that BN nanoparticles mostly affect cell cycle, cell-cell interactions, cancer affecting genes and signal transduction. In a conclusion, our results supported for the first time that BN nanoparticles could be used as a safe nanomaterial in both pharmacological and medical applications.
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Rao S, Santhakumar AB, Chinkwo KA, Vanniasinkam T, Luo J, Blanchard CL. Chemopreventive Potential of Cereal Polyphenols. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:913-927. [PMID: 30273076 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1491609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been identified that diet is one of the major contributing factors associated with the development of cancer and other chronic pathologies. In the recent years, supplementing regular diet with food and/or its components that contain chemopreventive properties has been considered an effective approach in reducing the incidence of cancer and other lifestyle associated diseases. This systematic review provides an exhaustive summary of the chemopreventive properties exhibited by everyday dietary ingredients such as rice, barley, oats, and sorghum. The studies both in vitro and in vivo reviewed have highlighted the potential role of their polyphenolic content as chemopreventive agents. Polyphenolic compounds including anthocyanins, tricin, protocatechualdehyde, avenanthramide, and 3-deoxyanthocyanins found in rice, barley, oats, and sorghum, respectively, were identified as compounds with potent bioactivity. Studies demonstrated that cereal polyphenols are likely to have chemopreventive activities, particularly those found in pigmented varieties. In conclusion, findings suggest that the consumption of pigmented cereals could potentially have an important role as a natural complementary cancer preventive therapeutic. However, further studies to develop a complete understanding of the mechanisms by which phenolic compounds inhibit cancerous cell proliferation are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwangni Rao
- a School of Biomedical Sciences , Charles Sturt University , Wagga Wagga , New South Wales , Australia.,b Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University , Wagga Wagga , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Abishek B Santhakumar
- a School of Biomedical Sciences , Charles Sturt University , Wagga Wagga , New South Wales , Australia.,b Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University , Wagga Wagga , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Kenneth A Chinkwo
- a School of Biomedical Sciences , Charles Sturt University , Wagga Wagga , New South Wales , Australia.,b Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University , Wagga Wagga , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Thiru Vanniasinkam
- a School of Biomedical Sciences , Charles Sturt University , Wagga Wagga , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Jixun Luo
- c New South Wales Department of Primary Industries , Yanco Agricultural Institute , Yanco , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Christopher L Blanchard
- a School of Biomedical Sciences , Charles Sturt University , Wagga Wagga , New South Wales , Australia.,b Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University , Wagga Wagga , New South Wales , Australia
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Rao S, Schwarz LJ, Santhakumar AB, Chinkwo KA, Blanchard CL. Cereal phenolic contents as affected by variety and environment. Cereal Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwangni Rao
- School of Biomedical Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - Lachlan J. Schwarz
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - Abishek B. Santhakumar
- School of Biomedical Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - Kenneth A. Chinkwo
- School of Biomedical Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - Christopher L. Blanchard
- School of Biomedical Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
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Wang N, Tan HY, Chan YT, Guo W, Li S, Feng Y. Identification of WT1 as determinant of heptatocellular carcinoma and its inhibition by Chinese herbal medicine Salvia chinensis Benth and its active ingredient protocatechualdehyde. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105848-105859. [PMID: 29285297 PMCID: PMC5739684 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidates from Chinese herbal Medicine might be preferable in drug discovery as the abundant experiences of traditional use usually hint the clinical efficacy. In this study, we screened the anti-tumour effect of several commonly used Chinese herbal Medicines on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC). We identified that Salvia chinensia Benth. (Shijianchuan in Chinese, SJC) exhibited prominent in vitro inhibition of HCC cells and suppressed the orthotopic growth of HCC in the liver of mice and repressed the lung metastasis of tumour cells. Using a pathway-specific PCR array and Gene Ontology analysis, we identified that Wnt/β-catenin pathway was associated with the suppressive effect of SJC on HCC cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. SJC repressed transcription activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway and reduced expression of β-catenin in GSK-3β-independent but promoter-specific transcription inhibition mechanism. The suppressive effect of SJC on β-catenin expression and its transcription activity was associated with Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) protein. WT1 was overexpressed in HCC tissues, and was negatively correlated to the overall survival of HCC patients. WT1 promoted proliferation and invasion of HCC cells, as well as β-catenin-dependent transcription activation of Wnt products, while knockdown of WT1 had the opposite effect. Docking experiment revealed that protocatechualdehyde (PCA) might be the active component of the herb. PCA suppressed transcription activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in WT1-dependent manner. Our study sheds light on the potential of PCA from commonly used anti-cancer Chinese herbal Medicine SJC as a lead compound targeting WT1 in the discovery of anti-HCC drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Yau-Tuen Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
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RNAi-mediated TCF-3 gene silencing inhibits proliferation of Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170799. [PMID: 28864779 PMCID: PMC5678029 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) remains an important health problem in China. In the present study, through the use of siRNA, specific gene knockdown of transcription factor 3 gene (TCF-3) was achieved in vitro and the effect of TCF-3 gene on human EC Eca-109 cell proliferation and apoptosis. Eca-109 cells were treated using negative control (NC) of siRNA against TCF-3 (siTCF-3) and siTCF-3 group. Colony formation assay was used to detect the colony formation ability in Eca-109 cells. MTT assay was used to measure the cell growth and viability, whereas BrDU assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation, and flow cytometry (FCM) to assess cell apoptosis. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was applied to measure TCF-3 gene expression. Protein expressions of TCF-3, apoptosis-related proteins, Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 were determined using Western blotting. Transfection of siTCF-3 successfully down-regulated TCF-3 gene expression. In addition, siTCF-3, reduced Eca-109 cell viability and proliferation, in a time-dependent manner, and inhibited progression of cell cycle from G0/G1 to S-stage. When treated with siTCF-3, the Eca-109 cells exhibited increased apoptosis, with up-regulated cleaved caspase and Bax expressions, whereas Bcl-2 expression was down-regulated. The present study shows that TCF-3 gene silencing inhibits Eca-109 cell growth and proliferation, suppresses cell cycle progression, and promotes apoptosis, which might serve as a new objective for EC treatment.
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Song HM, Park GH, Koo JS, Jeong HJ, Jeong JB. Vitex rotundifolia Fruit Extract Induces Apoptosis Through the Downregulation of ATF3-Mediated Bcl-2 Expression in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:901-915. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fruit from Vitex rotundifolia L. (VF) has been reported to initiate apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells through the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Since various regulatory factors are involved in the apoptotic pathway, further study of the potential mechanisms of VF associated with the induction of apoptosis may be important despite the fact that the molecular target of VF for apoptosis has already been elucidated. In this study, we showed a new potential mechanism for the relationship between VF-mediated ATF3 expression and apoptosis to better understand the apoptotic mechanism of VF in human colorectal cancer cells. VF reduced the cell viability and induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. VF treatment increased both the protein and mRNA level of ATF3 and upregulated ATF3 promoter activity. The cis-element responsible for ATF3 transcriptional activation by VF was CREB which is located between [Formula: see text]147 to [Formula: see text]85 of ATF3 promoter. Inhibitions of ERK1/2, p38, JNK and GSK3[Formula: see text] blocked VF-mediated ATF3 expression. ATF3 knockdown by ATF3 siRNA attenuated the cleavage of PARP by VF, while ATF3 overexpression increased VF-mediated cleaved PARP. ATF3 knockdown also attenuated VF-mediated cell viability and cell death. In addition, VF downregulated Bcl-2 expression at both protein and mRNA level. ATF3 knockdown by ATF3 siRNA blocked VF-mediated downregulation of Bcl-2. In conclusion, VF may activate ATF3 expression through transcriptional regulation and subsequently suppress Bcl-2 expression as an anti-apoptotic protein, which may result in the induction of apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun Min Song
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hun Park
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju 36040, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Suk Koo
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
- Insititute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Jeong
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
- Insititute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Boo Jeong
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
- Insititute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
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Zhong S, Li YG, Ji DF, Lin TB, Lv ZQ. Protocatechualdehyde Induces S-Phase Arrest and Apoptosis by Stimulating the p27(KIP1)-Cyclin A/D1-CDK2 and Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathways in HT-29 Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070934. [PMID: 27447597 PMCID: PMC6274009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Protocatechualdehyde (PCA) extracted from Phellinus gilvus exhibits anti-cancer activity in human colorectal carcinoma cells (HT-29). However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We performed an in vitro study involving MTT, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and western blot analyses to investigate the effects of PCA treatment on cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, and expression of several cell cycle-related genes in HT-29 cells. The treatment enhanced S-phase cell cycle and apoptosis in HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot results showed that PCA treatment decreased the expression levels of cyclin A, cyclin D1, and p27KIP1 but increased those of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) in HT-29 cells. Furthermore, the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-xL (Bcl-xL) were down-regulated, whereas the levels of BH3-interacting domain death agonist (Bid), Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (Bak), and cytosolic cytochrome c were significantly upregulated. Thus, the enzymes caspases-9, -3, -8, and -6 were found to be activated in HT-29 cells with PCA treatment. These results indicate that PCA-induced S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis involve p27KIP1-mediated activation of the cyclin-A/D1-Cdk2 signaling pathway and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Zhong
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - You-Gui Li
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Dong-Feng Ji
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Tian-Bao Lin
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Zhi-Qiang Lv
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Coevolution between Cancer Activities and Food Structure of Human Being from Southwest China. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:497934. [PMID: 26609527 PMCID: PMC4644535 DOI: 10.1155/2015/497934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Yunnan and Tibet are the lowest cancer mortality and the largest producer for anticancer crops (brown rice, barley, buckwheat, tea, walnut, mushrooms, and so forth). Shanghai and Jiangsu province in China have the highest mortality of cancers, which are associated with the sharp decline of barley.
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Lee JW, Park GH, Eo HJ, Song HM, Kim MK, Kwon MJ, Koo JS, Lee JR, Lee MH, Jeong JB. Anti-Cancer Activity of the Flower Bud of Sophora japonica L. through Upregulating Activating Transcription Factor 3 in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.7732/kjpr.2015.28.3.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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