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Chen L, Wang B, Diao Z, Zhao M, Xie K, Zhang P, Wang X, Zhang T, Wang J. Development and Validation of an HPLC-ESI/MS/MS Method for the Determination of Amoxicillin, Its Major Metabolites, and Ampicillin Residues in Chicken Tissues. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142652. [PMID: 31336643 PMCID: PMC6681001 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for the simultaneous analysis of amoxicillin (AMO), amoxicillin metabolites, and ampicillin residues in edible chicken muscle, liver, and kidney samples via high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI/MS/MS) was developed and verified. The extraction and purification procedures involved the extraction of the sample using a liquid-liquid extraction method with acetonitrile to eliminate the proteins. The chicken tissue extract was then injected directly onto an HPLC column coupled to a mass spectrometer with an ESI(+) source. The HPLC-ESI/MS/MS method was validated according to specificity, sensitivity, linearity, matrix effects, precision, accuracy, decision limit, detection capability, and stability, as defined by the European Union and Food and Drug Administration. The linearity was desirable, and the determination coefficients (r2 values) ranged from 0.9968 and 0.9999. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were 0.10–2.20 μg/kg and 0.30–8.50 μg/kg, respectively. The decision limits were 57.71–61.25 μg/kg, and the detection capabilities were 65.41–72.50 μg/kg, and the recoveries of the four target analytes exceeded 75% at the limits of quantification and exceeded 83% at 25, 50, and 100 μg/kg (n = 6 at each level), confirming the reliability of this method for determining these analytes and providing a new detection technology. For real sample analysis, this experiment tested 30 chicken tissue samples, only one chicken muscle, liver, and kidney sample were contaminated with 5.20, 17.45, and 7.33 μg/kg of AMO values, respectively, while other target compounds were not detected in the 30 tested chicken tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhixiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaizhou Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Peiyang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xutang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
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Determination of Amoxicillin Stability in Chicken Meat by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lugoboni B, Gazzotti T, Zironi E, Barbarossa A, Pagliuca G. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for quantitative determination of amoxicillin in bovine muscle. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1980-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Liu C, Wang H, Jiang Y, Du Z. Rapid and simultaneous determination of amoxicillin, penicillin G, and their major metabolites in bovine milk by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:533-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lamm A, Gozlan I, Rotstein A, Avisar D. Detection of amoxicillin-diketopiperazine-2', 5' in wastewater samples. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2009; 44:1512-1517. [PMID: 20183508 DOI: 10.1080/10934520903263306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The short half-life of aminopenicillin antibiotics in the aquatic environment put to the challenge the detection of their degradation products among environmental hydro-chemists. In a quest to study the occurrence of a new emerging micro-pollutant in the aquatic environment we attempted this by analyzing samples from a wastewater treatment plant for a major degradation product of amoxicillin (i.e., amoxicillin-diketopiperazine-2', 5') using a high-performance liquid chromatography technique coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method. ADP was repeatedly detected in all wastewater and effluent samples (18) from which it was extracted. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that evidently proves the occurrence of the chemically stable form of AMX, its Diketopiperazine-2', 5', in wastewater and effluent samples. Furthermore, penicillins are known to cause most allergic drug reactions. There is a risk that residues of hypersensitivity-inducing drugs, such as penicillins and their degradation products, may elicit allergic reactions in human consumers of water and food of animal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Lamm
- The Hydro-Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Kaufmann A. Validation of multiresidue methods for veterinary drug residues; related problems and possible solutions. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 637:144-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Delis G, Batzias G, Kounenis G, Koutsoviti-Papadopoulou M. Application and validation of a LC/fluorescence method for the determination of amoxicillin in sheep serum and tissue cage fluid. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 49:375-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2008] [Revised: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Reyns T, De Boever S, De Baere S, De Backer P, Croubels S. Tissue depletion of amoxicillin and its major metabolites in pigs: influence of the administration route and the simultaneous dosage of clavulanic acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:448-454. [PMID: 18163566 DOI: 10.1021/jf072398p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A residue depletion study of amoxicillin (AMO) and its major metabolites, amoxicilloic acid (AMA) and amoxicillin diketopiperazine-2',5'-dione, was performed after a single oral (p.o.) and intravenous (i.v.) administration of amoxicillin (20 mg kg (-1)) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (20 and 5 mg kg (-1)) to pigs. Animals were slaughtered 12, 36, 48, 60, 72, and 84 h after dosing. Tissue samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Kidney samples contained high concentrations of amoxicilloic acid metabolite, which depleted much slower from tissues than amoxicillin, both after p.o. (t1/2AMO = 4.5 h vs t1/2AMA = 8 h) and i.v. (t1/2AMO = 4 h vs t1/2AMA = 8 h) administration. Moreover, after oral administration, significantly higher amoxicilloic acid concentrations were measured in liver and kidney than after i.v. administration. The coadministration of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid provoked no significant differences in amoxicilloic acid tissue concentrations as compared to an amoxicillin dosing. The prolonged presence of residues of amoxicilloic acid in edible tissues can play an important role in food safety, because the compound could give rise to a possible health risk, although it is not included in the maximum residue limit legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Reyns
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, Biochemistry and Organ Physiology, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Reig M, Toldrá F. Liquid Chromatography for the Rapid Screening of Growth Promoters Residues in Meat. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-007-9000-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Reyns T, Cherlet M, De Baere S, De Backer P, Croubels S. Rapid method for the quantification of amoxicillin and its major metabolites in pig tissues by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with emphasis on stability issues. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 861:108-16. [PMID: 18060847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Revised: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A fast method for the quantitative determination of amoxicillin (AMO), amoxicilloic acid (AMA) and amoxicillin diketopiperazine-2',5'-dione (DIKETO) in pig edible tissues (kidney, liver, fat and muscle) with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) is presented. The method uses a simple liquid-liquid extraction of the tissue matrix with a 10 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 4.5) as extraction solvent. After deproteinisation by ultrafiltration, the tissue extract was directly injected onto the LC column. Chromatographic separation of the components was performed on a PLRP-S polymeric column using 0.1% of formic acid in water and acetonitrile. The mass spectrometer was operated in the positive electrospray MS/MS mode. The method was fully validated according to EU requirements (linearity, precision, trueness, quantification limit, detection limit and specificity). The stability of the components was evaluated over the pH range from 1.2 to 8.0. Biological samples of pigs medicated with AMO and AMO/clavulanic acid were analyzed using the developed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Reyns
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, Biochemistry and Organ Physiology, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Serrano JM, Silva M. Use of SDS micelles for improving sensitivity, resolution, and speed in the analysis of β-lactam antibiotics in environmental waters by SPE and CE. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:3242-9. [PMID: 17854115 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study dealt with the potential of MEKC with LIF detection involving derivatization with sulfoindocyanine succinimidyl ester (Cy5) for the separation and determination of beta-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephradine, and cephalexin) in environmental water samples. Water samples of 50 mL were enriched by SPE by passage through a weak base-cation Amberlite(R) IRA-93 exchange column. SDS micelles play important roles in the whole analytical process by improving the yield (sensitivity) and the kinetics of the labeling reaction, the elution of the retained antibiotics from the SPE preconcentration system and the electrophoretic resolution of their Cy5-derivatives. The optimum procedure includes a derivatization step of the antibiotics at 25 degrees C for 10 min and direct injection for MEKC analysis, which is conducted within about 15 min using 15 mM SDS in the running buffer (35 mM sodium borate at pH 9.3). LODs from 30 to 45 ng/L and RSDs (within-day precision) from 3.5 to 5.9% were obtained for the antibiotics in water samples with average recoveries ranging from 96.4 to 99.4%. These results indicate that the method proposed is a straightforward and sensitive tool for the determination of these antibiotics in environmental water samples providing similar quantitative results to those using more expensive equipment like LC-electrospray MS/MS.
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Reyns T, De Boever S, De Baere S, De Backer P, Croubels S. Quantitative analysis of clavulanic acid in porcine tissues by liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 597:282-9. [PMID: 17683740 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Revised: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 06/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a method for the determination of clavulanic acid (CLAV) residues in edible tissues of swine by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). After a simple extraction of CLAV using an aqueous phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0, an ultrafiltration step was performed for protein removal. Chromatography of CLAV and the internal standard tazobactam (TAZO) was achieved on a reversed-phase PLRP-S polymeric column (150 mm x 2.1 mm i.d., 100 A) using a mixture of 0.05 (v/v)% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. The mass spectrometer was operated in the MS/MS selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. The method was validated for the analysis of porcine muscle, skin plus fat, liver and kidney, according to the requirements defined by the European Community. Calibration curves were prepared for all tissues and good linearity was achieved over the concentration ranges tested (correlation coefficient > or = 0.99 and goodness-of-fit coefficient < or = 10%). Limits of quantification of 50 ng g(-1) were obtained for the analysis of CLAV in the various tissues which corresponds in all cases to at least half the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Limits of detection ranged between 8.0 and 15.14 ng g(-1). The within-day, between-day precisions and trueness fell within the ranges specified in the EMEA/CVMP/573-00/FINAL document. Biological samples from pigs that received an oral or intravenous bolus of a commercial amoxicillin/clavulanic acid formulation were analyzed using the described method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Reyns
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, Biochemistry and Organ Physiology, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Samanidou VF, Nisyriou SA, Papadoyannis IN. Residue Analysis of Penicillins in Food Products of Animal Origin by HPLC: A Review. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701274320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. F. Samanidou
- a Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - S. A. Nisyriou
- a Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - I. N. Papadoyannis
- a Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki, Greece
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De Baere S, De Backer P. Quantitative determination of amoxicillin in animal feed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 586:319-25. [PMID: 17386730 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Revised: 10/17/2006] [Accepted: 10/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of amoxicillin (AMO) in animal feed was developed and validated. The method was used to examine the quality requirements for products intended for incorporation into animal feedingstuffs (medicated premixes), as documented in the EMEA/CVMP/080/95-Final guideline. After addition of the internal standard (ampicillin), the medicated feed samples were extracted using a 0.01 M potassium dihydrogenphosphate buffer solution (pH 4.5), followed by a centrifugation and filtration step. An appropriately diluted aliquot of the extract was analysed on a PLRP-S polymeric column (150 mm x 2.1 mm i.d., 100 A) using a mixture of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. Gradient elution was performed at a flow-rate of 0.2 mL min(-1). The mass spectrometer was used in the positive electrospray ionization MS/MS mode. The LC-MS/MS method was validated for linearity, trueness, precision, limit of quantification, limit of detection and specificity. The results fell within the ranges specified. The method was used for the homogeneity and stability testing of AMO in a commercial medicated feed. Some extracts were also injected onto a LC-UV and LC-fluorescence instrument (after pre-column derivatization with a formaldehyde reagent). These experiments showed that the LC-MS/MS method was superior with regard to speed of analysis, selectivity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S De Baere
- Ghent University, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, Biochemistry and Organ Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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