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Pourmadadi M, Ghaemi A, Khanizadeh A, Yazdian F, Mollajavadi Y, Arshad R, Rahdar A. Breast cancer detection based on cancer antigen 15-3; emphasis on optical and electrochemical methods: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 260:116425. [PMID: 38824703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) is a crucial marker used in the diagnosis and monitoring of breast cancer (BC). The demand for early and precise cancer detection has grown, making the creation of biosensors that are highly sensitive and specific essential. This review paper provides a thorough examination of the progress made in optical and electrochemical biosensors for detecting the cancer biomarker CA 15-3. We focus on explaining their fundamental principles, sensitivity, specificity, and potential for point-of-care applications. The performance attributes of these biosensors are assessed by considering their limits of detection, reaction times, and operational stability, while also making comparisons to conventional methods of CA 15-3 detection. In addition, we explore the incorporation of nanomaterials and innovative transducer components to improve the performance of biosensors. This paper conducts a thorough examination of recent studies to identify the existing obstacles. It also suggests potential areas for future research in this fast progressing field.The paper provides insights into their advancement and utilization to enhance patient outcomes. Both categories of biosensors provide significant promise for the detection of CA 15-3 and offer distinct advantages compared to conventional analytical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrab Pourmadadi
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, GC, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ghaemi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Khanizadeh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yazdian
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yasin Mollajavadi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rabia Arshad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Adjunct Professor at Equator University of Science and Technology, Uganda
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, 538-98615, Iran; Key Laboratory of Modeling and Simulation-based Reliability and Optimization, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
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Hu W, Wang Y, Qian M, Wang L, Dong Y. A Label-free "Lock-key" Fluorescence Aptasensing Based on Triplex-helix DNA and G-quadruplex for CA15-3 Detection. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:905-909. [PMID: 33162412 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20p332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we designed a label-free fluorescent aptasensor based on triple-helix DNA and G-quadruplex for carbohydrate antigen (CA15-3) detection. The triplex-helix structure can be formed with inserted G-rich DNA (IG) and aptamer DNA (Apt), which like a "lock" to lock the G-rich sequences. The CA15-3 was the "key", which specifically combined with aptamer sequences of Apt, resulting in liberating IG from the triplex-helix "lock". Then, the G-rich sequences of IG were formed into G-quadruplex and specifically interacted with N-methylmesoporphyrin IX (NMM), which greatly enhanced the fluorescence of the solution. However, when the "key" did not exist, the "lock" was fastened and fluorescence intensity did not change. With this proposed method, the concentration of CA15-3 can be effectively detected from 0.01 to 5 U mL-1 with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.01 U mL-1. Furthermore, this proposed biosensor can be applied to spiked human serum with great precision and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Computer Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Mengyao Qian
- College of Computer Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Luhui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Yafei Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University.,Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China
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3
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Bao Y, Han K, Ding Z, Li Y, Li T, Guan M, Li G. A label-free electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for carbohydrate antigen 153 based on polypyrrole-luminol-AuNPs nanocomposites with bi-catalysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 253:119562. [PMID: 33611216 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polypyrrole-luminol-AuNPs nanocomposites were prepared and used to develop a sensitive label-free electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153) detection. Firstly, polypyrrole (PPY) nanoparticles were synthesized by a chemical oxidation method using FeCl3 as an oxidizing agent, then luminol and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were combined with PPY nanoparticles through electrostatic interaction to form PPY-luminol-AuNPs nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis absorption spectra, atomic emission spectrometry (AES), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Especially, iron element was also detected in the nanocomposites. The PPY-luminol-AuNPs nanocomposites showed excellent ECL activity due to the bi-catalysis of iron ion and gold nanoparticles on the ECL of luminol. Furthermore, the nanocomposites showed good film-forming property, and it can be fixed on electrode surface without the assistance of other film-forming materials. On this basis, an ECL immunosensor for CA153 was constructed by covalently immobilizing anti-CA153 on PPY-luminol-AuNPs modified indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) electrode. In the presence of CA153, a remarkable decrease in ECL signals was observed due to the formation of anti-CA153/CA153 complex. The immunosensor showed a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 0.001 to 700 U/mL for CA153, and the detection limit was 5.8 × 10-4 U/mL (S/N = 3). Furthermore, the ECL immunosensor was applied to the determination of CA153 in practical human serum sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Energy Storage and Photoelectrocatalytic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Kexin Han
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Energy Storage and Photoelectrocatalytic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Zhifang Ding
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Energy Storage and Photoelectrocatalytic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Yue Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Energy Storage and Photoelectrocatalytic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Energy Storage and Photoelectrocatalytic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Ming Guan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Energy Storage and Photoelectrocatalytic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Guixin Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Energy Storage and Photoelectrocatalytic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China.
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4
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Li N, Zong S, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zhu K, Yang K, Wang Z, Chen B, Cui Y. A SERS-colorimetric dual-mode aptasensor for the detection of cancer biomarker MUC1. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:5707-5718. [PMID: 32632516 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02790-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human mucin-1 (MUC1) has attracted considerable attention owing to its overexpression in diverse malignancies. Here, for the rapid and efficient detection of MUC1, we present a SERS-colorimetric dual-mode aptasensor, by integrating SERS probes with magnetic separation, which has several distinctive advantages. Using such a dual-mode aptasensor, the colorimetric functionality is distinguishable by the naked eye, providing a fast and straightforward screening ability for the detection of MUC1. Moreover, SERS-based detection greatly improves the detection sensitivity, reaching a limit of detection of 0.1 U/mL. In addition, the combination of SERS and colorimetric method holds the advantages of these two techniques and thereby increases the reliability and efficiency of MUC1 detection. On the one hand, the magnetic nanobeads functionalized with MUC1-specific aptamer were utilized as an efficient capturing substrate for separating MUC1 from biological complex medium. On the other hand, the gold-silver core-shell nanoparticles modified with Raman reporters and the complementary sequences of MUC1 were used as the signal indicator, which could simultaneously report the SERS signal and colorimetric change. This strategy can achieve a good detection range and realize MUC1 analysis in real patients' samples. Thus, we anticipate that this kind of aptasensor would provide promising potential applications in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenfei Zong
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhile Wang
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuo Yang
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuyuan Wang
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiping Cui
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
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Zhao L, Kong D, Wu Z, Liu G, Gao Y, Yan X, Liu F, Liu X, Wang C, Cui J, Lu G. Interface interaction of MoS2 nanosheets with DNA based aptameric biosensor for carbohydrate antigen 15–3 detection. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Saadati A, Hassanpour S, Hasanzadeh M, Shadjou N, Hassanzadeh A. Immunosensing of breast cancer tumor protein CA 15-3 (carbohydrate antigen 15.3) using a novel nano-bioink: A new platform for screening of proteins in human biofluids by pen-on-paper technology. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:748-758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Cascade catalysis-initiated radical polymerization amplified impedimetric immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of carbohydrate antigen 15-3. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 137:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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8
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A novel paper based immunoassay of breast cancer specific carbohydrate (CA 15.3) using silver nanoparticles-reduced graphene oxide nano-ink technology: A new platform to construction of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) towards biomedical analysis. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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9
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Qin D, Jiang X, Mo G, Feng J, Yu C, Deng B. A Novel Carbon Quantum Dots Signal Amplification Strategy Coupled with Sandwich Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor for the Detection of CA15-3 in Human Serum. ACS Sens 2019; 4:504-512. [PMID: 30693767 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive sandwich electrochemiluminescence immunosensor was established by employing graphene oxide-PEI-carbon quantum dots (CQDs)-Au nanohybrid as probe to measure carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), a breast cancer biomarker. In this work, nanocomposites of Ag nanoparticles and polydopamine (AgNPs-PDA) were synthesized by redox reaction between dopamine and Ag+. The nanocomposite with high surface area can provide an efficient substrate for immobilizing initial antibody (Ab1). Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are fixed on polyethylenimine-functionalized graphene oxide (PEI-GO) by amide bonds. Au nanoparticles are modified on CQDs-decorated PEI-GO substrates. The secondary antibody (Ab2) was immobilized by AuNPs/CQDs-PEI-GO composite. CQDs can be assembled onto the surface of an electrode by incorporation of CA15-3 with Ab1 and Ab2. Under the synergistic action of AgNPs, polydopamine, AuNPs, and PEI-GO, the ECL signal of CQDs is greatly amplified as an excellent conductive material to facilitate electron transfer rate and further increase electrochemical detection capability. Under optimal conditions, the fabricated immunosensor showed a linear concentration range from 0.005 to 500 U mL-1, with a detection limit of 0.0017 U mL-1 (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) for CA15-3. The designed ECL immunosensor displayed receivable accuracy, excellent stability, and high specificity. The results of the detection of human serum samples are satisfactory, revealing that the method offers a potential application for the clinical diagnosis of tumor markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmiao Qin
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004 China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004 China
| | - Guichun Mo
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004 China
| | - Jinsu Feng
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004 China
| | - Chunhe Yu
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004 China
| | - Biyang Deng
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004 China
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10
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Hasanzadeh M, Solhi E, Jafari M, Mokhtarzadeh A, Soleymani J, Jouyban A, Mahboob S. Ultrasensitive immunoassay of tumor protein CA 15.3 in MCF-7 breast cancer cell lysates and unprocessed human plasma using gold nanoparticles doped on the structure of mesoporous silica. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:2493-2508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Probing the antigen-antibody interaction towards ultrasensitive recognition of cancer biomarker in adenocarcinoma cell lysates using layer-by-layer assembled silver nano-cubics with porous structure on cysteamine caped GQDs. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Hasanzadeh M, Tagi S, Solhi E, Mokhtarzadeh A, Shadjou N, Eftekhari A, Mahboob S. An innovative immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of breast cancer specific carbohydrate (CA 15-3) in unprocessed human plasma and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lysates using gold nanospear electrochemically assembled onto thiolated graphene quantum dots. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:1008-1017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Mohammadi S, Salimi A, Hamd-Ghadareh S, Fathi F, Soleimani F. A FRET immunosensor for sensitive detection of CA 15-3 tumor marker in human serum sample and breast cancer cells using antibody functionalized luminescent carbon-dots and AuNPs-dendrimer aptamer as donor-acceptor pair. Anal Biochem 2018; 557:18-26. [PMID: 29908158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We proposed a FRET immunosensing for detection of CA15-3 tumor marker by highly biospecific interactions between CA 15-3 antigen and the corresponding antibody and aptamer. In this sandwich type immunoassay, CA15-3 antibody-functionalized carbon dots and AuNPs labeled PAMAM-Dendrimer/aptamer were used as donor/acceptor, respectively. When CA 15-3 Ag was added to homogenous immunoassay, the strong complex interaction between CA15-3 Ab-CA15-3 Ag- aptamer caused in more coming closer carbon dot and AuNPs and more decreasing fluorescence signal. The decreased fluorescence intensity was linear at three ranges including in concentration range 1.1 μUmL-1 to 16 μU mL-1 with regression of R2 = 0.9879, at the concentration range 16 μU mL-1 to 0.163 mU mL-1 with regression of R2 = 0.9944 and at the concentration range 0.163 mU mL-1 to 5.0 mU mL-1 with regression of R2 = 0.9805. The detection limit of the FRET immunoassay was 0.9 μU mL-1. This assay revealed good sensitivity and specificity with MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells concentrations from 1000 to 40000 cells/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.9955 and detection limit of 300 cells/mL (3 cells in 10 μL of injected sample). In addition, this FRET immunosensing is applicable in diluted human serum. The recovery values were in the range of 95.86-96.97% for CA 15-3 Ag in spiked serum sample with RSD lower than 7.3%. The proposed immunoassay could be a valid model for establishing other immunoassays for detection of different cancer tumor markers with relevant antigens and antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Abdollah Salimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran; Research Center for Nanotechnology, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | | | - Fardin Fathi
- Cellular and Molecular Reserch Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 66177-13446 Sananandaj, Iran
| | - Farzad Soleimani
- Cellular and Molecular Reserch Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 66177-13446 Sananandaj, Iran
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Ribeiro J, Pereira C, Silva A, Sales MF. Disposable electrochemical detection of breast cancer tumour marker CA 15-3 using poly(Toluidine Blue) as imprinted polymer receptor. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 109:246-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sensing CA 15-3 in point-of-care by electropolymerizing O-phenylenediamine (oPDA) on Au-screen printed electrodes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196656. [PMID: 29715330 PMCID: PMC5929556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents an alternative device for cancer screening in liquid biopsies. It combines a biomimetic film (i) with electrochemical detection (ii). The biomimetic film (i) was obtained by electro-polymerizing amine-substituted benzene rings around a CA 15–3 target. This protein target was previously adsorbed on a gold (Au) support and incubated in charged monomers (4-Styrenesulfonate sodium and 3-Hydroxytyraminium chloride). The protein was further eliminated by enzymatic activity, leaving behind vacant sites for subsequent rebinding. Electrochemical detection (ii) was achieved on an Au working electrode, designed on commercial screen-printed electrodes. Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and ellipsometric readings were used to follow the chemical modification of the Au surface. The ability of the material to rebind CA15-3 was monitored by electrochemical techniques. The device displayed linear responses to CA15-3 ranging from 0.25 to 10.00 U/mL, with detection limits of 0.05 U/mL. Accurate results were obtained by applying the sensor to the analysis of CA15-3 in PBS buffer and in serum samples. This biosensing device displayed successful features for the detection of CA 15–3 and constitutes a promising tool for breast cancer screening procedures in point-of-care applications. Moreover, its scale-up seems feasible as it contains a plastic antibody assembled in situ, in less than 1 minute, and the analysis of serum takes less than 30 minutes.
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16
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Ke H, Zhang X, Huang C, Jia N. Electrochemiluminescence evaluation for carbohydrate antigen 15-3 based on the dual-amplification of ferrocene derivative and Pt/BSA core/shell nanospheres. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 103:62-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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17
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Electrochemical immunosensor for the breast cancer marker CA 15–3 based on the catalytic activity of a CuS/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite towards the electrooxidation of catechol. Mikrochim Acta 2017; 185:79. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2532-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Izquierdo J, Knittel P, Kranz C. Scanning electrochemical microscopy: an analytical perspective. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:307-324. [PMID: 29214533 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has evolved from an electrochemical specialist tool to a broadly used electroanalytical surface technique, which has experienced exciting developments for nanoscale electrochemical studies in recent years. Several companies now offer commercial instruments, and SECM has been used in a broad range of applications. SECM research is frequently interdisciplinary, bridging areas ranging from electrochemistry, nanotechnology, and materials science to biomedical research. Although SECM is considered a modern electroanalytical technique, it appears that less attention is paid to so-called analytical figures of merit, which are essential also in electroanalytical chemistry. Besides instrumental developments, this review focuses on aspects such as reliability, repeatability, and reproducibility of SECM data. The review is intended to spark discussion within the community on this topic, but also to raise awareness of the challenges faced during the evaluation of quantitative SECM data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Izquierdo
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Knittel
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics, Tullastraße 72, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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19
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Polcari D, Dauphin-Ducharme P, Mauzeroll J. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: A Comprehensive Review of Experimental Parameters from 1989 to 2015. Chem Rev 2016; 116:13234-13278. [PMID: 27736057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Polcari
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0B8
| | - Philippe Dauphin-Ducharme
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0B8
| | - Janine Mauzeroll
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0B8
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20
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Sciutto G, Zangheri M, Prati S, Guardigli M, Mirasoli M, Mazzeo R, Roda A. Immunochemical Micro Imaging Analyses for the Detection of Proteins in Artworks. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:32. [PMID: 27573272 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The present review is aimed at reporting on the most advanced and recent applications of immunochemical imaging techniques for the localization of proteins within complex and multilayered paint stratigraphies. Indeed, a paint sample is usually constituted by the superimposition of different layers whose characterization is fundamental in the evaluation of the state of conservation and for addressing proper restoration interventions. Immunochemical methods, which are based on the high selectivity of antigen-antibody reactions, were proposed some years ago in the field of cultural heritage. In addition to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for protein identification, immunochemical imaging methods have also been explored in the last decades, thanks to the possibility to localize the target analytes, thus increasing the amount of information obtained and thereby reducing the number of samples and/or analyses needed for a comprehensive characterization of the sample. In this review, chemiluminescent, spectroscopic and electrochemical imaging detection methods are discussed to illustrate potentialities and limits of advanced immunochemical imaging systems for the analysis of paint cross-sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Sciutto
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL), University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, Via Guaccimanni 42, 48100, Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Martina Zangheri
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Prati
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL), University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, Via Guaccimanni 42, 48100, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Massimo Guardigli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mara Mirasoli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rocco Mazzeo
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL), University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, Via Guaccimanni 42, 48100, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Aldo Roda
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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Jang H, Lim HB. Metal-doped Nanoparticles for Detection of Carbohydrate Antigen 15-3 in Human Serum Using a Sandwich-Type ICP-MS Immunoassay. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Jang
- Department of Chemistry; Dankook University; Gyeonggi-do 16890 Korea
| | - H. B. Lim
- Department of Chemistry; Dankook University; Gyeonggi-do 16890 Korea
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22
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Akter R, Jeong B, Choi JS, Rahman M. Ultrasensitive Nanoimmunosensor by coupling non-covalent functionalized graphene oxide platform and numerous ferritin labels on carbon nanotubes. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 80:123-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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An ultrasensitive scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM)-based DNA biosensing platform amplified with the long self-assembled DNA concatemers. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.12.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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24
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Zhang L, He Y, Wang H, Yuan Y, Yuan R, Chai Y. A self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on l-Lys-Ru(dcbpy)32+ functionalized porous six arrises column nanorods for detection of CA15-3. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 74:924-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Localization of proteins in paint cross-sections by scanning electrochemical microscopy as an alternative immunochemical detection technique. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 831:31-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Li Y, Xu C, Li H, Wang H, Wu D, Ma H, Cai Y, Du B, Wei Q. Nonenzymatic immunosensor for detection of carbohydrate antigen 15-3 based on hierarchical nanoporous PtFe alloy. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 56:295-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Conzuelo F, Stratmann L, Grützke S, Pingarrón JM, Schuhmann W. Detection and Quantification of Sulfonamide Antibiotic Residues in Milk Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Sadhasivam S, Chen JC, Savitha S, Chang CW, Lin FH. Application of carbon nanotubes layered on silicon wafer for the detection of breast cancer marker carbohydrate antigen 15-3 by immuno-polymerase chain reaction. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:101-111. [PMID: 24081383 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive detection of breast cancer marker, carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) by carbon nanotube (CNT) based immuno-polymerase chain reaction was reported. The study was aimed to develop a precise and sensitive method to diagnose breast cancer and its recurrence. The hydrofluoric acid (HF) treated silicon wafer layered with bundled CNT was used as the substrate. The surface was treated with HNO3/H2SO4 to graft carboxyl groups on the tips of CNT. Subsequently, polyoxyethylene bis-amine was grafted to conjugate anti human CA 15-3 antibodies. Water contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, Raman spectrometer and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were employed to confirm the surface modification. The captured antibodies on the CNT were used to capture the target antigen CA 15-3 and the biotinylated secondary antibodies were subsequently bound with the target antigen. A bi-functional streptavidin was used to link biotinylated DNA to the biotinylated detection antibodies. The biotinylated target DNA was amplified by PCR, and then analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The lower limit of detection of CA 15-3 by the proposed immuno-PCR system was 0.001 U/mL, which is extremely sensitive than the other bioanalytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sadhasivam
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
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29
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Li H, He J, Li S, Turner AP. Electrochemical immunosensor with N-doped graphene-modified electrode for label-free detection of the breast cancer biomarker CA 15-3. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 43:25-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Anne A, Chovin A, Demaille C, Lafouresse M. High-Resolution Mapping of Redox-Immunomarked Proteins Using Electrochemical–Atomic Force Microscopy in Molecule Touching Mode. Anal Chem 2011; 83:7924-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201907v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Anne
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Arnaud Chovin
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Christophe Demaille
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Manon Lafouresse
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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31
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Microchip fluorescence-enhanced immunoaasay for simultaneous quantification of multiple tumor markers. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2840-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Roberts WS, Davis F, Collyer SD, Higson SPJ. Construction and interrogation of enzyme microarrays using scanning electrochemical microscopy – optimisation of adsorption and determination of enzymatic activity. Analyst 2011; 136:5287-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15589j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Zhu W, Zhang Q, Xiang L, Zhu S. Green co-precipitation byproduct-assisted thermal conversion route to submicron Mg2B2O5whiskers. CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ce00580k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Hydrothermal mass production of MgBO2(OH) nanowhiskers and subsequent thermal conversion to Mg2B2O5 nanorods for biaxially oriented polypropylene resins reinforcement. POWDER TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2010.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Powell HV, Schnippering M, Cheung M, Macpherson JV, Mackenzie SR, Stavros VG, Unwin PR. Probing Redox Reactions of Immobilized Cytochrome c Using Evanescent Wave Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy in a Thin-Layer Electrochemical Cell. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:2985-91. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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36
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Chang CC, Chiu NF, Lin DS, Chu-Su Y, Liang YH, Lin CW. High-sensitivity detection of carbohydrate antigen 15-3 using a gold/zinc oxide thin film surface plasmon resonance-based biosensor. Anal Chem 2010; 82:1207-12. [PMID: 20102177 DOI: 10.1021/ac901797j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We report that gold/zinc oxide (Au/ZnO) nanocomposite films were effectively employed to enhance the performance of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for the detection of tumor markers. Carbohydrate antigen 15.3 (CA15-3), a tumor marker for breast cancer, was chosen as a model analyte. We analyzed intensity response to the samples at various concentrations (0.0125 U/mL to 160 U/mL) in pleural fluid to evaluate the detection capability of the SPR biosensor based on Au/ZnO thin films. The linear range extended from 1 to 40 U/mL with a correlation coefficient of R(2) = 0.991 and a limit of detection reaching 0.025 U/mL at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1. Compared with the degree of the shift in SPR intensity induced by the specific binding event between antibody and antigen, the change of intensity on the Au/ZnO layers was increased by at least 2 fold over that on the gold/chromium (Au/Cr) layers. In addition, we determined that the Au/ZnO layers allowed for a detection limit 4 times lower than the Au/Cr layers, which are in widespread use as the sensing interfaces in current SPR-based detectors. In conclusion, the use of Au/ZnO films greatly enhanced the SPR signal yield for this bimolecular interaction and showed high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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37
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Casero E, Vázquez L, Parra-Alfambra AM, Lorenzo E. AFM, SECM and QCM as useful analytical tools in the characterization of enzyme-based bioanalytical platforms. Analyst 2010; 135:1878-903. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00120a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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38
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Liu Y, Gyurcsányi R, Jágerszki G, DeNuzzio J, Lindner E. Microfabricated Amperometric Cells for Multicomponent Analysis. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200904614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Zhu W, Zhang X, Xiang L, Zhu S. Hydrothermal Formation of the Head-to-Head Coalesced Szaibelyite MgBO(2)(OH) Nanowires. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2009; 4:724-731. [PMID: 20596480 PMCID: PMC2893841 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-009-9306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The significant effect of the feeding mode on the morphology and size distribution of the hydrothermal synthesized MgBO(2)(OH) is investigated, which indicates that, slow dropping rate (0.5 drop s(-1)) and small droplet size (0.02 mL d(-1)) of the dropwise added NaOH solution are favorable for promoting the one-dimensional (1D) preferential growth and thus enlarging the aspect ratio of the 1D MgBO(2)(OH) nanostructures. The joint effect of the low concentration of the reactants and feeding mode on the hydrothermal product results in the head-to-head coalesced MgBO(2)(OH) nanowires with a length of 0.5-9.0 mum, a diameter of 20-70 nm, and an aspect ratio of 20-300 in absence of any capping reagents/surfactants or seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wancheng Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Shandong, 273165, China
| | - Xueyi Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lan Xiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shenlin Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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40
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Zhu W, Zhu S, Xiang L. Successive effect of rolling up, oriented attachment and Ostwald ripening on the hydrothermal formation of szaibelyite MgBO2(OH) nanowhiskers. CrystEngComm 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b905698j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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42
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Liu YM, Zheng YL, Cao JT, Chen YH, Li FR. Sensitive detection of tumor marker CA15-3 in human serum by capillary electrophoretic immunoassay with chemiluminescence detection. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1151-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) as a tool in biosensor research. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2008. [PMID: 17922101 DOI: 10.1007/10_2007_082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is discussed as a versatile tool to provide localized (electro)chemical information in the context of biosensor research. Advantages of localized electrochemical measurements will be discussed and a brief introduction to SECM and its operation modes will be given. Experimental challenges of the different detection modes of SECM and its applicability for different fields in biosensor research are discussed. Among these are the evaluation of immobilization techniques by probing the local distribution of biological activity, the visualization of diffusion profiles of reactants, cofactors, mediators, and products, and the elucidation of (local) kinetic parameters. The combination of SECM with other scanning-probe techniques allows to maximize the information on a given biosensing system. The potential of SECM as a tool in micro-fabrication aiming for the fabrication of microstructured biosensors will be shortly discussed.
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44
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Fabrication of Prussian Blue modified ultramicroelectrode for GOD imaging using scanning electrochemical microscopy. Bioelectrochemistry 2007; 72:102-6. [PMID: 18203668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2007.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Prussian Blue (PB) film modified disk ultramicroelectrode (UME) was fabricated by electrochemical deposition technique on a Pt-disk UME. The electrocatalytical reductions of hydrogen peroxide derived from glucose oxidase (GOD) on this modified UME were investigated. The enzymatic biochemical reactivity was imaged by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) utilizing the PB film modified UME. It is evident that sensitivity and spatial resolution for hydrogen peroxide measurement were improved obviously. SECM images obtained clearly revealed the concentration profile of the reaction products around the enzymes. The PB film modified microelectrode is in the nature of simple preparation, high catalytic activity on hydrogen peroxide and substrate selectivity for SECM etc.
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45
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Roberts WS, Lonsdale DJ, Griffiths J, Higson SPJ. Advances in the application of scanning electrochemical microscopy to bioanalytical systems. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 23:301-18. [PMID: 17869090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2007.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a powerful surface characterisation technique that allows for the electrochemical profiling of surfaces with sub micrometer resolution. While SECM has been most widely used to electrochemically study and profile non-biological surfaces and processes, the technique has in recent years, been increasingly used for the study of biological systems - and this is the focus of this review. An overview of SECM and how the technique may be applied to the study of biological systems will first be given. SECM and its application to the study of cells, enzymes and DNA will each be considered in detail. The review will conclude with a discussion of future directions and scope for further developments and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Roberts
- Cranfield Health, Cranfield University, Barton Road, Silsoe, Bedfordshire MK45 4DT, United Kingdom
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46
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Wittstock G, Burchardt M, Pust SE, Shen Y, Zhao C. Scanning electrochemical microscopy for direct imaging of reaction rates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:1584-617. [PMID: 17285666 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200602750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Not only in electrochemistry but also in biology and in membrane transport, localized processes at solid-liquid or liquid-liquid interfaces play an important role at defect sites, pores, or individual cells, but are difficult to characterize by integral investigation. Scanning electrochemical microscopy is suitable for such investigations. After two decades of development, this method is based on a solid theoretical foundation and a large number of demonstrated applications. It offers the possibility of directly imaging heterogeneous reaction rates and locally modifying substrates by electrochemically generated reagents. The applications range from classical electrochemical problems, such as the investigation of localized corrosion and electrocatalytic reactions in fuel cells, sensor surfaces, biochips, and microstructured analysis systems, to mass transport through synthetic membranes, skin and tissue, as well as intercellular communication processes. Moreover, processes can be studied that occur at liquid surfaces and liquid-liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunther Wittstock
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Institut für Reine und Angewandte Chemie und Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
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47
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Wittstock G, Burchardt M, Pust S, Shen Y, Zhao C. Elektrochemische Rastermikroskopie zur direkten Abbildung von Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200602750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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48
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Ambrosi A, Morrin A, Killard A, Smyth M. Characterization of Immunological Interactions at an Immunoelectrode by Scanning Electron Microscopy. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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49
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Zhu W, Xiang L, He T, Zhu S. Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium Borate Hydroxide Nanowhiskers. CHEM LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2006.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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50
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Kasai S, Shiku H, Torisawa YS, Nagamine K, Yasukawa T, Watanabe T, Matsue T. Cytokine assay on a cellular chip by combining collagen gel embedded culture with scanning electrochemical microscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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