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Dolatto RG, Pont GD, Vela HS, Camargo MDS, Neto AO, Grassi MT. Aromatic hydrocarbons extracted by headspace and microextraction methods in water-soluble fractions from crude oil, fuels and lubricants. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:573-587. [PMID: 36739314 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two extraction protocols were developed for the determination of mono- and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons in water-soluble fractions from gasoline, diesel, crude, mineral insulating, and lubricant oils. Development of the procedures was based on clean miniaturized strategies, such as headspace extraction and vortex-assisted dispersive liquid micro-extraction, together with quantification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The mono-aromatic hydrocarbons were extracted using the headspace extraction method. The linear range obtained was 10-500 µg L-1, with r2 > 0.99. Based on the parameters of the analytical curves, detection and quantification limits of 2.56-3.20 and 7.76-9.71 µg L-1 were estimated. In addition, the method showed adequate recoveries of 69.4-83.5%, with a satisfactory precision of 4.7-17.1% (n = 5). Micro-extraction was applied for the poly-aromatics and the most favorable variables were sample volume (5.00 mL) in sodium chloride medium (1%, w/v), trichloromethane as extractor solvent (75 µL), acetone as disperser (925 µL) and vortexing for 1 min. Under these conditions, analytical curves of 0.15-4.00 µg L-1 were obtained and limits of determination and quantification were 0.03-0.15 and 0.09-0.46 µg L-1, respectively. Recovery values of 87.6-124.5% and a maximum relative standard deviation of 18.9% (n = 5) verify satisfactory accuracy and precision. This led to the achievement of enrichment factors for poly-aromatic hydrocarbons of 41-89 times. Finally, the methods were employed in samples of water-soluble fractions for the determination of analytes. The values followed the order: gasoline > diesel > crude > lubricant > mineral insulating oil. These results indicate an increase in lighter fractions, followed by poly-aromatics in more refined products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Garrett Dolatto
- Grupo de Química Ambiental, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, CP 19032, CEP 81531-980, Brazil.
| | - Giorgi Dal Pont
- Grupo Integrado de Aquicultura e Estudos Ambientais, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, CEP 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Hugo Sarmiento Vela
- Grupo de Química Ambiental, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, CP 19032, CEP 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Morgana de Souza Camargo
- Grupo de Química Ambiental, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, CP 19032, CEP 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Antonio Ostrensky Neto
- Grupo Integrado de Aquicultura e Estudos Ambientais, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, CEP 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Marco Tadeu Grassi
- Grupo de Química Ambiental, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, CP 19032, CEP 81531-980, Brazil
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Pokharel SS, Zhong Y, Changning L, Shen F, Likun L, Parajulee MN, Fang W, Chen F. Influence of reduced N-fertilizer application on foliar chemicals and functional qualities of tea plants under Toxoptera aurantii infestation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:166. [PMID: 35366797 PMCID: PMC8976352 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tea aphid, Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe) is a polyphagous pest predominant in tea orchards and has become the most pernicious pest deteriorating tea quality. Nitrogen (N) is essential to plant growth improvement, and it can significantly impact plant defensive ability against aphid infestation. This study was designed to quantify the influence of reduced N-fertilizer application on foliar chemicals and functional quality parameters of tea plants against the infestation of T. aurantii. In this study, the tea seedlings (cv. Longjing43) were applied with normal level (NL) of N-fertilizer (240 kg N ha-1) along with reduced N-fertilizer levels (70%NL and 50%NL), and with and without T. aurantii infestation. RESULTS The results showed that N-fertilizer application significantly affected plant biomass and photosynthetic indexes, foliar soluble nutrients and polyphenols, tea catechins, caffeine, essential amino acids, volatile organic compounds of tea seedlings, and the population dynamics of T. aurantii. Compared with the normal N-fertilizer level, the reduced N-fertilizer application (70%NL and 50%NL) significantly decreased all the foliar functional quality components of tea seedlings without aphid infestation, while these components were increased in tea seedlings with aphid infestation. Moreover, the transcript expression levels of foliar functional genes (including CsTCS, CsTs1, and CsGT1) were significantly higher in the NL, and significantly lower in the 50%NL for tea seedlings without aphid infestation, while the transcript expression levels were significantly higher in 50%NL in aphid inoculated tea seedlings. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the reduced N-fertilizer application could enhance foliar chemicals and functional quality parameters of tea plants especially with T. aurantii infestation, which can relieve soil nitrogen pressure and reduce pesticide use for control of tea aphid infestation in tea plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanni Zhong
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lv Changning
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fangyuan Shen
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Li Likun
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Megha N Parajulee
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Lubbock, TX79403, USA
| | - Wanping Fang
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Song N, Tian Y, Luo Z, Dai J, Liu Y, Duan Y. Advances in pretreatment and analysis methods of aromatic hydrocarbons in soil. RSC Adv 2022; 12:6099-6113. [PMID: 35424557 PMCID: PMC8981609 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08633b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzene compounds that are prevalent in the soil as organic pollutants mainly include BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and three xylene isomers) and PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). These pose a severe threat to many aspects of human health. Therefore, the accurate measurement of BTEX and PAHs concentrations in the soil is of great importance. The samples for analysis of BTEX and PAHs need to be suitable for the various detection methods after pretreatment, which include Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction, solid-phase microextraction, supercritical extraction, and needle trap. The detection techniques mainly consist of gas chromatography (GC), mass spectrometry (MS), and online sensors, and provide comprehensive information on contaminants in the soil. Their performance is evaluated in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and recovery. Recently, there has been rapid progress in the pretreatment and analysis methods for the quantitative and qualitative analyses of BTEX and PAHs. Therefore, it is necessary to produce a timely and in-depth review of the emerging pretreatment and analysis methods, which is unfortunately absent from the recent literature. In this work, state-of-art extraction techniques and analytical methods have been summarized for the determination of BTEX and PAHs in soil, with a particular focus on the potential and limitations of the respective methods for different aromatic hydrocarbons. Accordingly, the paper will describe the basic methodological knowledge, as well as the recent advancement of pretreatment and analysis methods for samples containing BTEX and PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Yonghui Tian
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Zewei Luo
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Jianxiong Dai
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Yan Liu
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
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Varona-Torres E, Carlton DD, Hildenbrand ZL, Schug KA. Matrix-effect-free determination of BTEX in variable soil compositions using room temperature ionic liquid co-solvents in static headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1021:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Wen Y, Cao S, Xi C, Li X, Zhang L, Wang G, Shang J. Rapid Simultaneous Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Mattress Fabric by Headspace–Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1384832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shurui Cao
- The Inspection Technical Center, Chongqing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Chongqing, China
| | - Cunxian Xi
- The Inspection Technical Center, Chongqing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianliang Li
- The Inspection Technical Center, Chongqing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guomin Wang
- The Inspection Technical Center, Chongqing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingchuan Shang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhang JH, Xie SM, Wang BJ, He PG, Yuan LM. A homochiral porous organic cage with large cavity and pore windows for the efficient gas chromatography separation of enantiomers and positional isomers. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1385-1394. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming P.R. China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming P.R. China
| | - Pin-Gang He
- Department of Chemistry; East China Normal University; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming P.R. China
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Cincotta F, Verzera A, Tripodi G, Condurso C. Volatile emerging contaminants in melon fruits, analysed by HS-SPME-GC-MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 35:512-518. [PMID: 29111874 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1401738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to develop and validate a headspace-solid phase micro-extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) method for the determination of volatile emerging contaminants in fruit. The method showed good precision (RSD ≤ 14%) and satisfactory recoveries (99.1-101.7%) and LOD and LOQ values ranging between 0.011-0.033 μg kg-1 and 0.037-0.098 μg kg-1, respectively. The method was applied to investigate the content of volatile emerging contaminants in two varieties of melon fruit (Cucumis melo L.) cultivated adjoining high-risk areas. Glycol ethers, BHT, BHA and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) were determined in melon fruit pulps for the first time, with different sensitivities depending on sample and variety. Although the amount of the volatile contaminants in the melon samples were in the order of µg kg-1, the safety of vegetable crops cultivated near risk areas should be more widely considered. The results showed that this accurate and reproducible method can be useful for routine safety control of fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Cincotta
- a Department of Veterinary Sciences , University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata , Messina , Italy
| | - Antonella Verzera
- a Department of Veterinary Sciences , University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata , Messina , Italy
| | - Gianluca Tripodi
- a Department of Veterinary Sciences , University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata , Messina , Italy
| | - Concetta Condurso
- b Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
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Quantification of BTEX in Soil by Headspace SPME–GC–MS Using Combined Standard Addition and Internal Standard Calibration. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Ünlü S, Alpar B. Evaluation of sediment contamination by monoaromatic hydrocarbons in the coastal lagoons of Gulf of Saros, NE Aegean Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 118:442-446. [PMID: 28330693 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations and distribution of monoaromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and the sum of m-, p- and o-, xylenes) were determined in the sediments of coastal lagoons of the Gulf of Saros, using a static headspace GC-MS. The total concentrations of BTEX compounds ranged from 368.5 to below detection limit 0.6μgkg-1 dw, with a mean value of 61.5μgkg-1 dw. The light aromatic fraction of m-, p-xylene was the most abundant compound (57.1% in average), and followed by toluene (38.1%)>ethylbenzene (4.1%)>o-xylene (2.5%)>benzene (1.1%). The factor analysis indicated that the levels and distribution of BTEX compounds depend on the type of contaminant source (mobile/point), absorbance of compounds in sediment, and mobility of benzene compound and degradation processes. Point sources are mainly related to agricultural facilities and port activities while the dispersion of compounds are related with their solubility, volatility and effect of sea/saline waters on lagoons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Ünlü
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Istanbul University, 34134 Vefa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bedri Alpar
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Istanbul University, 34134 Vefa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Orazbayeva D, Karatayeva U, Kenessov B, Beisembayeva K, Meyramkulova K. Concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene in soil and atmospheric precipitations in the cities of Almaty and Astana. CHEMICAL BULLETIN OF KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 2016. [DOI: 10.15328/cb737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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11
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Celebioglu A, Sen HS, Durgun E, Uyar T. Molecular entrapment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by electrospun cyclodextrin nanofibers. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:736-744. [PMID: 26408981 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we reported the molecular entrapment performance of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin (HPγCD) electrospun nanofibers (NF) for two common volatile organic compounds (VOCs); aniline and benzene. The encapsulation efficiency of CD samples were investigated depending on the various factors such as; CD form (NF and powder), electrospinning solvent (DMF and water), CD (HPβCD and HPγCD) and VOCs (aniline and benzene) types. BET analysis indicated that, electrospun CD NF have higher surface area compared to their powder form. In addition DMA measurement provided information about the mechanical properties of CD NF. The encapsulation capability of CD NF and CD powder was investigated by (1)H-NMR and HPLC techniques. The observed results suggested that, CD NF can entrap higher amount of VOCs from surroundings compared to their powder forms. Besides, molecular entrapment efficiency of CD NF also depends on CD, solvent and VOCs types. The inclusion complexation between CD and VOCs was determined by using TGA technique, from the higher decomposition temperature of VOCs. Finally, our results were fortified by the modeling studies which indicated the complexation efficiency variations between CD and VOC types. Here, the inclusion complexation ability of CD molecules was combined with very high surface area and versatile features of CD NF. So these findings revealed that, electrospun CD NF can serve as useful filtering material for air filtration purposes due to their molecular entrapment capability of VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Celebioglu
- Institute of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Sener Sen
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Engin Durgun
- Institute of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Tamer Uyar
- Institute of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
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Wang CZ, Zhao WX, Shen FF, Zhang YQ, Zhu QJ, Xiao X, Tao Z. Methyl-substituted cucurbit[6]uril-based microporous supramolecular frameworks for highly selective Et2O/CH3OH adsorption. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02414e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Long A, Zhang H. Selective oxidative degradation of toluene for the recovery of surfactant by an electro/Fe²⁺/persulfate process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:11606-11616. [PMID: 25847443 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An electro/Fe(2+)/persulfate process has been conducted for toluene removal from surfactant (SDS) flushing solution, and the pseudo-second-order reaction rate constant (k2 value) of toluene removal has been optimized by a response surface methodology (RSM). The results indicated that in this process, the reaction between persulfate and externally added Fe(2+) generates sulfate-free radicals, and at the same time, Fe(2+) is electro-regenerated at the cathode by the reduction of Fe(3+). RSM based on Box-Behnken design (BBD) has been applied to analyze the experimental variables, of which the concentrations of persulfate and Fe(2+) showed a positive effect on the rate constant of toluene removal, whereas the concentration of SDS showed a negative effect. The interactions between pairs of variables proved to be significant, such as between SDS, persulfate, and Fe(2+) concentrations. ANOVA results confirmed that the proposed models were accurate and reliable for analysis of the variables of the electro/Fe(2+)/persulfate process. The shapes of the 3D response surfaces and contour plots showed that the SDS, persulfate, and Fe(2+) concentrations substantially affected the k2 value of toluene removal. The results indicated that increasing persulfate or Fe(2+) concentration increased the k2 value, whereas increasing SDS concentration decreased the k2 value. The reaction intermediates have been identified by GC-MS, and a plausible degradation pathway for toluene degradation is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anhua Long
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
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Khajeh M, Azarsa L, Rakhshanipour M. Chitosan–Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Combined with Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for the Determination of BTEX in Water Samples. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, chitosan–zinc oxide nanoparticles were used as an adsorbent matrix for solid-phase extraction and combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (SPE–DLLME) for determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers (BTEX) in water samples. The eluent of SPE was used as the dispersive solvent of the DLLME for further purification and enrichment of the BTEX prior to gas chromatography-flame ionization detector analysis. The effect of variables, including amount of adsorbent, sample and eluent flow rate, type and volume of extraction and dispersive solvent, salt concentration, and extraction time, was investigated and they were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, good linearity for all BTEX with determination coefficients in the range of 0.9993 < r2 < 0.9997, suitable precision (1.4 % < RSD <1.9 %; where RSD refers to relative standard deviation), and low detection limits (0.5–1.1 µg L–1) were achieved. The current chitosan–zinc oxide nanoparticles SPE–DLLME procedure combines the advantages of SPE and DLLME, and was applied for determination of BTEX in water samples and acceptable recoveries were obtained.
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Moreau J, Rinnert E. Fast identification and quantification of BTEX coupling by Raman spectrometry and chemometrics. Analyst 2015; 140:3535-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monoaromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) monitoring is of environmental interest since these chemical pollutants are omnipresent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Moreau
- IFREMER
- Laboratoire Détection
- Capteurs et Mesures
- 29280 Plouzané
- France
| | - E. Rinnert
- IFREMER
- Laboratoire Détection
- Capteurs et Mesures
- 29280 Plouzané
- France
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Deng Q, Zhang X, Li G, Liu P, Liu Y. Determination of Benzene Series in Fish Based on Aqueous Two-Phase System for Samples Pretreatment. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Cao L, Jiang H, Yang J, Fan L, Li F, Huang Q. Simultaneous Determination of Benzene and Toluene in Pesticide Emulsifiable Concentrate by Headspace GC-MS. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2013; 2013:121783. [PMID: 23607048 PMCID: PMC3626381 DOI: 10.1155/2013/121783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The toxic inert ingredients in pesticide formulations are strictly regulated in many countries. In this paper, a simple and efficient headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HSGC-MS) method using fluorobenzene as an internal standard (IS) for rapid simultaneous determination of benzene and toluene in pesticide emulsifiable concentrate (EC) was established. The headspace and GC-MS conditions were investigated and developed. A nonpolar fused silica Rtx-5 capillary column (30 m × 0.20 mm i.d. and 0.25 μ m film thickness) with temperature programming was used. Under optimized headspace conditions, equilibration temperature of 120°C, equilibration time of 5 min, and sample size of 50 μ L, the regression of the peak area ratios of benzene and toluene to IS on the concentrations of analytes fitted a linear relationship well at the concentration levels ranging from 3.2 g/L to 16.0 g/L. Standard additions of benzene and toluene to blank different matrix solutions 1ead to recoveries of 100.1%-109.5% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.3%-8.1%. The method presented here stands out as simple and easily applicable, which provides a way for the determination of toxic volatile adjuvant in liquid pesticide formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Cao
- Institute of Plant Protectsion, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Institute of Plant Protectsion, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Plant Protectsion, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Fan
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fengmin Li
- Institute of Plant Protectsion, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiliang Huang
- Institute of Plant Protectsion, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
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Chalabiani A, Abbas Matin A, Farhadi K. Zeolite-SiC in PVC Matrix as a New SPME Fiber for Gas Chromatographic Determination of BTEX in Water and Soil Samples. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201100692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Shin HS. Determination of MTBE, TBA and BTEX in Soil by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.5.1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cui H, Hua L, Hou K, Wu J, Chen P, Xie Y, Wang W, Li J, Li H. Coupling of stir bar sorptive extraction with single photon ionization mass spectrometry for determination of volatile organic compounds in water. Analyst 2012; 137:513-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15876g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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García Pinto C, Herrero Martín S, Pérez Pavón JL, Moreno Cordero B. A simplified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe approach for the determination of trihalomethanes and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes in soil matrices by fast gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 689:129-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Greening Sample Treatments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53709-6.00005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Herrero Martín S, García Pinto C, Pérez Pavón JL, Moreno Cordero B. Determination of trihalomethanes in soil matrices by simplified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe extraction and fast gas chromatography with electron capture detection. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4883-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gonzálvez A, Garrigues S, Armenta S, de la Guardia M. Headspace-liquid phase microextraction for attenuated total reflection infrared determination of volatile organic compounds at trace levels. Anal Chem 2010; 82:3045-51. [PMID: 20210305 DOI: 10.1021/ac1001838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A combination of headspace (HS) sampling and liquid phase microextraction (LPME) has been successfully developed to solve sensitivity problems in attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The HS sampling facilitates the selective extraction of the target volatile analytes from the sample matrix, while the liquid phase microextraction allows their preconcentration prior to infrared analysis. The direct determination of extracted analytes in the acceptor solvent provides high preconcentration factors of the order of 200 with a reduced consumption of organic solvents and a minimum generation of wastes, being thus the developed methodology a green alternative method. The qualitative and quantitative capability of the proposed approach has been evaluated on the basis of two different examples: (i) screening of benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) compounds in soil samples and (ii) quantitative determination of toluene in cosmetic nail products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gonzálvez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Building, University of Valencia, 50 th Dr. Moliner St., E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Gu ZY, Yan XP. Metal-Organic Framework MIL-101 for High-Resolution Gas-Chromatographic Separation of Xylene Isomers and Ethylbenzene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:1477-80. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Gu ZY, Yan XP. Metal-Organic Framework MIL-101 for High-Resolution Gas-Chromatographic Separation of Xylene Isomers and Ethylbenzene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200906560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Development of a versatile, easy and rapid atmospheric monitor for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes determination in air. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:8549-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pavón JLP, Martín SH, Pinto CG, Cordero BM. Programmed temperature vaporizer based method for the sensitive determination of trihalomethanes and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes in soils. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:6063-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Farajzadeh MA, Matin AA. Determination of BTEX in Water Samples with an SPME Hollow Fiber Coated Copper Wire. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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