1
|
Hensel A, Bauer R, Heinrich M, Hempel G, Kelber O, Kraft K, Lehmann B, Medà MM, Nieber K, Roether B, Rollinger JM, Wiebelitz R. Rationalising Optimal Dosing of Phytotherapeutics For Use In Children: Current Status - Potential Solutions - Actions Needed. PLANTA MEDICA 2024; 90:416-425. [PMID: 38527490 DOI: 10.1055/a-2294-5259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
"Children are not small adults with respect to the treatment with medicinal products." This statement of the WHO was the basis for the initiative of the European Commission for the establishment of a paediatric regulation in 2007 to improve the health of children by facilitating the development of medicines for children and adolescents. Seventeen years later, in the field of herbal medicinal products, results are still sobering. Therefore, the Foundation Plants for Health, Society for Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research, and German Society for Phytotherapy organised a symposium to assess the status quo for the paediatric use of herbal medicinal products (HMPs), to analyse the causes of the current situation, and to discuss strategies for establishing the proof of safe and efficacious HMPs for children.The current situation for HMPs and their use in children is not fulfilling the requirements of legislation. HMPs in paediatrics are effective and safe, but considering the needs of children is necessary. In European countries, the use, registration, and marketing of HMPs are different, depending on the respective national regulations and specific traditions. EU herbal monographs are the best common denominator for such procedures. Emerging safety discussions must be considered. New approaches with real-world data might be a solution. The regulatory framework is to be adapted. Defining rationalised dosing for HMPs can be achieved by the extrapolation of data from adults, by using existing clinical data for children, and by using RWD. Therefore, a strong need for revising restrictions for the use of HMPs in children and rationalising defined dosage regimes is obvious.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hensel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Pharmakognosie, Universitaet Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Heinrich
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Georg Hempel
- Pharmaceutical and Medical Chenistry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Olaf Kelber
- Research and Development, Bayer Consumer Health, Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Karin Kraft
- Centre of Internal Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hadzhieva B, Petkova-Dimitrova V. Proportion of Over-The-Counter Medicines Containing a Plant Component and Those with Synthetic Substances Administered among Children in a Bulgarian Population. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:192. [PMID: 38399407 PMCID: PMC10892009 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Over-the-counter medicines are intended to influence a number of symptoms and also to cure some human diseases without having to see the doctor. These medicines are used for self-medication and parents also give them to their children. The following fall within the scope of over-the-counter medicines: analgesics, antipyretics, antihistamines, decongestants, gastroprotectors, anti-cough medicines, and others. Their composition also includes one or a combination of medicinal plants. In addition to synthetic substances, some nonprescription medicines contain plant substances and their derivatives. Medicinal plants and their extracted derivatives are applicable in the therapies of a number of diseases. Considering the fact that over-the-counter medicines can be used among children from birth, the subject of our study is those whose composition includes biologically active plant substances. Within this study, we have established the number of nonprescription medicines containing a plant substance individually or in combination with another substance of the same kind and/or other substances, which have been included in a list published on the website of the Bulgarian Drug Agency. The objective of our study is to present the percentage of OTC medicines containing a plant substance intended to affect the symptoms of upper respiratory tract diseases and pain, which are used among children during different periods of their development. Some of these medicines also contain substances such as antihistamines (pheniramine maleate) and decongestants (pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine hydrochloride, dimetidine) that can cause various unwanted side effects. Considering the aforementioned aspects and also the peculiarities of childhood, we recommend that self-treatment be conducted only after consulting a health specialist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bozhidarka Hadzhieva
- Medical College, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15a Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Valentina Petkova-Dimitrova
- Department of Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav St., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Willcox ML, Tai CJ, Chattopadhyay K, Hu XY, Heinrich M. Editorial: Clinical phytopharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1353483. [PMID: 38288085 PMCID: PMC10822887 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1353483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Merlin L. Willcox
- Primary Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Chi-Jung Tai
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kaushik Chattopadhyay
- Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- The Nottingham Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Yang Hu
- Primary Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Group, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Roman S, Voaides C, Babeanu N. Exploring the Sustainable Exploitation of Bioactive Compounds in Pelargonium sp.: Beyond a Fragrant Plant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4123. [PMID: 38140450 PMCID: PMC10748180 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This review article aims to present an overview regarding the volatile compounds in different scented species of Pelargonium and their biological activities, immunomodulatory activity, cytotoxic activity, high larvicidal activity and ethnopharmacological uses. Although the Pelargonium genus includes many species, we focused only on the scented ones, with the potential to be used in different domains. Pelargonium essential oil showed great properties as antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity (against K. pneumonie, S. aureus or E. coli strains) and antifungal activity (against many fungi including Candida sp.), the responsible compounds for these properties being tannins, flavones, flavonols, flavonoids, phenolic acids and coumarins. Due to the existence of bioactive constituents in the chemical composition of fresh leaves, roots, or flowers of Pelargonium sp. (such as monoterpenoid compounds-citronellol, geraniol, linalool, and flavonoids-myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol), this species is still valuable, the bio-compounds representing the base of innovative substitutes in food processing industry, nutraceuticals, or preventive human or veterinary medicine (substitute of antibiotics). Highlighting the volatile chemical composition and properties of this scented plant aims to rediscover it and to emphasize the vast spectrum of health-promoting constituents for a sustainable approach. Future research directions should point to the application of plant biotechnology with a significant role in conservation strategy and to stimulate commercial interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Catalina Voaides
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (N.B.); Tel.: +40-722517767 (C.V.); +40-723210879 (N.B.)
| | - Narcisa Babeanu
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (N.B.); Tel.: +40-722517767 (C.V.); +40-723210879 (N.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kostev K, van den Boom L, Tanislav C, Jacob L. Changes in the Prescription of Antibiotics and Phytopharmaceuticals in Children Treated for Acute Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Pediatric Practices in Germany in 2013, 2018, and 2022. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1491. [PMID: 37887192 PMCID: PMC10604680 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the recent trends in antibiotic and phytopharmaceutical prescribing for acute upper (URIs) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs) in children and adolescents. Therefore, this study investigated changes in the prescription of antibiotics and phytopharmaceuticals in children diagnosed with acute URIs and LRIs in pediatric practices in Germany in 2013, 2018, and 2022. Methods: The present retrospective study included children aged 2-12 years diagnosed with acute URIs or LRIs in one of 180 pediatric practices in 2013, 2018, and 2022. The URIs included nasopharyngitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis and tracheitis, and upper respiratory infections of multiple and unspecified sites, while the LRIs corresponded to bronchitis. The primary outcomes were the proportion of children being prescribed antibiotics and the proportion of those being prescribed phytopharmaceuticals. Results: A total of 120,894 children were diagnosed with acute URIs or LRIs in 2013 compared to 116,844 in 2018 and 127,821 in 2022. The prevalence of antibiotic prescription decreased for all diagnoses between 2013 and 2022. This decrease was statistically significant for both 2013-2018 and 2018-2022 for nasopharyngitis, pharyngitis, and bronchitis. Meanwhile, there was a significant increase in the use of phytopharmaceuticals for all diagnoses between 2013 and 2018. The prevalence of phytopharmaceutical prescription decreased slightly between 2018 and 2022, but this decrease was generally not statistically significant. Conclusions: The prescription of antibiotics has decreased and that of phytopharmaceuticals has increased in children diagnosed with acute URIs and LRIs in Germany over the last decade. More data are needed to corroborate these findings in other settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Kostev
- Epidemiology, IQVIA, 60549 Frankfurt, Germany
- University Clinic, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Louisa van den Boom
- Division of Pediatrics/Pediatric Diabetology, DRK Hospital, 57548 Kirchen, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Diabetology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Obesity, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Tanislav
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, Diakonie Hospital Jung Stilling, 57074 Siegen, Germany;
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain
- AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Lariboisière-Fernand Widal Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 75010 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Veldman LBM, Belt-Van Zoen E, Baars EW. Mechanistic Evidence of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees, Pelargonium sidoides DC., Echinacea Species and a Combination of Hedera helix L., Primula veris L./ Primula elatior L. and Thymus vulgaris L./ Thymus zygis L. in the Treatment of Acute, Uncomplicated Respiratory Tract Infections: A Systematic Literature Review and Expert Interviews. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1206. [PMID: 37765014 PMCID: PMC10537612 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing inappropriate antibiotic (AB) use by using effective non-antibiotic treatments is one strategy to prevent and reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees, Pelargonium sidoides DC., Echinacea species and a combination of ivy (Hedera helix L.), primrose (Primula veris L./Primula elatior L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L./Thymus zygis L.) have promising clinical effects in uncomplicated, acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) treatment. However, mechanistic evidence of these herbal treatments is lacking. The objective of this Pstudy is to provide an overview of mechanistic evidence for these effects. Thirty-eight databases were searched. Included studies were mechanistic studies (in vitro, animal, and human studies and reviews) on these herbs; published before June 2021. Non-mechanistic studies or studies on combinations of herbs other than ivy/primrose/thyme were excluded. Furthermore, three experts in traditional, complementary and integrative healthcare (TCIH) research and pharmacognosy were interviewed to collect additional expert knowledge. The results show that A. paniculata acts through immunomodulation and antiviral activity, possibly supplemented by antibacterial and antipyretic effects. P. sidoides acts through antiviral, indirect antibacterial, immunomodulatory and expectorant effects. Echinacea species likely act through immunomodulation. The combination of ivy/primrose/thyme combines secretolytic and spasmolytic effects from ivy with antibacterial effects from thyme. Studies on primrose were lacking. This mechanistic evidence supports the difference-making evidence from clinical studies, contributes to evidence-based recommendations for their use in URTI treatment, and guides future mechanistic studies on URTI treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth B. M. Veldman
- Faculty of Healthcare, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eefje Belt-Van Zoen
- Faculty of Healthcare, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik W. Baars
- Faculty of Healthcare, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
- Louis Bolk Institute, 3981 Bunnik, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Solomonian L, Blesoff J, Garofalo L, Lucas S, Picardo A, Garber A, Wilson M, Leach M. Naturopathic Management of Acute Pediatric Respiratory Infections: A Modified Delphi Study. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2023; 29:181-195. [PMID: 36827416 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2022.0669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Both the United Nations and the World Health Organization have identified antimicrobial resistance as a significant threat to global health. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identified five pediatric respiratory conditions as requiring particular scrutiny in terms of antibiotic stewardship. This study sought to identify strategies used by experienced naturopathic practitioners to treat acute respiratory infections in children. The authors theorize that naturopathic strategies safely fill the gap between watchful waiting and antibiotic prescription, thus reducing the use of antibiotics. Methods: Naturopathic practitioners in Canada, the United States, and Australia with a minimum of 5 years of experience in clinical naturopathic care of children were recruited for a modified Delphi study. A 14-person panel of practitioners was selected to complete a series of four iterative surveys assessing agreement to statements in five domains of knowledge/attitudes, assessment/diagnosis, management, monitoring, and education. Items were deemed to have reached consensus if they reached a predetermined threshold of 70% agreement, or failed to reach a threshold of 40% agreement. Items between these boundaries were modified and retested until either consensus was reached or the four surveys had been completed. Results: Results yielded a large degree of agreement on core naturopathic approaches to the management of acute pediatric respiratory infections, especially lifestyle strategies, including adequate rest and dietary recommendations. The use of vitamins C and D was strongly supported, as were herbs, particularly echinacea and elderberry. Some hydrotherapy and topical applications specific to the individual focus on infection also reached consensus. Results suggested that most respondents, even if they have the authority to prescribe antibiotics, rarely deem it necessary to do so. Conclusion: Findings of this study provide (1) clarity on the role of naturopathic doctors in the management of pediatric health concerns and the stewardship of antibiotics; and (2) initial guidance to less experienced naturopathic practitioners. The findings also identify key priorities for research into the safety and effectiveness of naturopathic interventions to reduce the unnecessary prescribing of antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamine Blesoff
- National University of Health Sciences, Lombard, IL, USA
| | | | - Sandra Lucas
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrea Picardo
- Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Garber
- Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mariah Wilson
- Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Leach
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kamin W, Behre U, Helm K, Reling B, Funk P, Malek FA. Safety of Pelargonium extract EPs 7630 in young children with acute bronchitis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1107984. [PMID: 36865690 PMCID: PMC9971625 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1107984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy and tolerability of Pelargonium sidoides DC. root extract EPs 7630 in children with acute bronchitis (AB) have been widely demonstrated. We investigated the safety and tolerability of a syrup formulation and an oral solution in pre-school children. METHODS In an open-label, randomized clinical trial (EudraCT number 2011-002652-14), children aged 1-5 years suffering from AB received EPs 7630 syrup or solution for 7 days. Safety was assessed by frequency, severity, and nature of adverse events (AE), vital signs, and laboratory values. Outcome measures for evaluating the health status were the intensity of coughing, pulmonary rales, and dyspnea, measured by the short version of the Bronchitis Severity Scale (BSS-ped), further symptoms of the respiratory infection, general health status according to the Integrative Medicine Outcomes Scale (IMOS), and satisfaction with treatment according to the Integrative Medicine Patient Satisfaction Scale (IMPSS). RESULTS 591 children were randomized and treated with syrup (n = 403) or solution (n = 188) for 7 days. In both treatment groups, the number of adverse events was similarly low and revealed no safety concerns. The most frequently observed events were infections (syrup: 7.2%; solution: 7.4%) or gastrointestinal disorders (syrup: 2.7%; solution: 3.2%). After one week's treatment, more than 90% of the children experienced an improvement or remission of the symptoms of the BSS-ped. Further respiratory symptoms decreased similarly in both groups. At Day 7, more than 80% of the whole study population had completely recovered or showed a major improvement as assessed by the investigator and the proxy, respectively. Parents were "very satisfied" or "satisfied" with the treatment in 86.1% of patients in the combined syrup and solution group. CONCLUSION Both pharmaceutical forms, EPs 7630 syrup and oral solution, were shown to be equally safe and well tolerated in pre-school children suffering from AB. Improvement of health status and of complaints were similar in both groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kamin
- Children's Hospital, Evangelic Hospital, Hamm, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Petra Funk
- Research and Development, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Fathi Abdul Malek
- Research and Development, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schmit KM, Brown RL, Hayer S, Checovich M, Gern JE, Wald ER, Barrett B. Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey for Kids: Validation of an Illness-specific Quality of Life Instrument. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:1207-1214. [PMID: 33627821 PMCID: PMC8996437 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the most common illness seen in the pediatric ambulatory setting. Research in this area is hampered by the lack of validated ARI measures. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey for Kids (WURSS-K), a 15-item instrument, which measures illness-specific symptoms and impact on quality of life during an ARI. METHODS WURSS-K was administered to two populations: (1) children aged 4-10 years recruited from the local community and (2) 9- and 10-year-old children from an ongoing study, the Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma. RESULTS Overall, 163 children with 249 ARI episodes completed WURSS-K. WURSS-K was analyzed using multiple models to evaluate reliability and validity for a two-factor structure (symptom and functionality) and a single global structure. These models provided evidence of reliability and validity with omega of 0.72 and 0.91 for symptoms and functionality along with the single structure with omega of 0.90. CONCLUSIONS WURSS-K shows strong psychometric properties for validity and reliability as either a single global factor or a two-factor structure. This instrument will be useful in both therapeutic trials and observational studies among children with ARI in ambulatory settings. IMPACT WURSS-K is a valid and reliable illness-specific quality of life instrument that evaluates the impacts of ARIs on children. WURSS-K is designed for children 4-10 years of age, for whom there is a lack of validated assessment tools. This now validated instrument will be useful for future observational studies and therapeutic trials among children with ARIs in ambulatory settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Schmit
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Corresponding author: Kathryn M. Schmit, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Mail code 4108, Madison, WI, 53792, Phone 1(608)265-1425, Fax 1(608)265-2207,
| | - Roger L. Brown
- Research Design & Statistics Unit, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, Madison, WI
| | | | | | - James E. Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Ellen R. Wald
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Bruce Barrett
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Analysis of the Effect of Nursing Intervention on Children with Respiratory Tract Infection Based on Comprehensive Nursing. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:6923823. [PMID: 34567486 PMCID: PMC8460361 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6923823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory tract infections in children are common. It means that children are repeatedly exposed to external pathogens within a certain time, and the clinical symptoms are reciprocating. This article carries out nursing intervention on children's respiratory tract infection through comprehensive nursing methods and analyzes the intervention effect. Moreover, this paper uses a controlled trial to study the nursing methods of recurrent respiratory tract infections in children. In addition, this paper determines and screens test samples according to relevant standards, conducts different nursing methods on samples of different groups, and compares them with the same indicators. Finally, this paper combines mathematical statistics to make statistics of experimental results and draws tables and statistical graphs. By comparing multiple parameters, it can be seen that the comprehensive nursing intervention has a good effect on the nursing of children with respiratory tract infection compared with the traditional nursing intervention, so this nursing method can be expanded in the future.
Collapse
|
11
|
Effectiveness of Pelargonium sidoides in pediatric patients diagnosed with uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection: a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:3019-3028. [PMID: 34304301 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are a condition characterized by upper airway inflammation often caused by viruses in humans. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the liquid herbal drug preparation from the root extracts of Pelargonium sidoides in improving symptoms of uncomplicated URTIs. One hundred sixty-four patients with URTI were randomized and given either verum containing the root extracts of Pelargonium sidoides (n = 82) or a matching placebo (n = 82) in a single-blind manner for 7 days. The median total scores of all symptoms (TSS) showed a significant decreasing trend in the group treated with the root extracts derived from Pelargonium sidoides compared to the placebo group from day 0 to day 7 (TSS significantly decreased by 0.85 points in the root extract group compared to a decrease of 0.62 points, p = 0.018). "Cough frequency" showed a significant improvement from day 0 to day 3 (p = 0.023). There was also detected a significant recovery in "sneezing" on day 3 via Brunner-Langer model, and it was detected that the extract administration given in the first 24 h onset of the symptoms had provided a significant improvement in day 0 to day 3 (difference of TSS 0.18 point, p = 0.011).Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed that the Pelargonium sidoides extracts are effective in relieving the symptom burden in the duration of the disease. It may be regarded as an alternative option for the management of URTIs. What is Known: • Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), an inflammation on the upper airways, are the most common infectious disease in children. • Pelargonium sidoides, a traditional medicinal plant native to South Africa, is one of the ornamental geraniums that is thought to be effective in treating URTIs What is New: • It may be revealed that the dried root extract of Pelargonium sidoides compared with placebo might be an alternative treatment in improving the symptoms such as dry cough, sneezing, and relieving cough frequency. • The administration of the root extract at the onset of URTIs' signs may be regarded as an adjunctive option for the management of URTIs due to its effectiveness in decreasing the symptom burden of the disease.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ruan Z, Qi J, Qian Z, Zhou M, Yang Y, Zhang S, Vaughn MG, LeBaige MH, Yin P, Lin H. Disease burden and attributable risk factors of respiratory infections in China from 1990 to 2019. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2021; 11:100153. [PMID: 34327361 PMCID: PMC8315661 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There was lack of data on the burdens and trends of upper and lower respiratory infections (URIs and LRIs) over the past three decades in China. METHODS We estimated the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to upper and lower respiratory infections (URIs and LRIs) and attributable risk factors in China by a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. Incidence, mortality, and DALYs were stratified by sex, age, and province. Risk factors for respiratory infections were analyzed from exposure data. FINDINGS The age-standardized incidence rates of URIs and LRIs were 179,077 and 3926 per 100,000 persons in 2019, with a 7•52% and 35•07% decrease from 1990, respectively. Moreover, 2801 and 185,264 persons died of URIs and LRIs in 2019, respectively. DALYs for URIs and LRIs also decreased from 1,516,727 in 1990 to 928,617 in 2019 and from 38,278,504 in 1990 to 4,020,676 in 2019. The burden of URIs and LRIs were generally similar in males and females, but relatively higher in the new-borns and the elderly. Child malnutrition and low birth weight were the most important cause of age-standardized DALYs of LRIs and URIs, respectively. INTERPRETATION Future URI and LRI prevention strategies should focus on the maternal and child health, air pollution, and tobacco control, especially in young children and the elderly population. FUNDING National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFA0606200); National Natural Science Foundation of China (82041021); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (20ykpy86) and Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2019A1515110003); Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (No.: INV-006371).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zengliang Ruan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jinlei Qi
- National Centre for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhengmin (Min) Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Centre for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Michael G. Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Morgan H. LeBaige
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Peng Yin
- National Centre for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wopker PM, Schwermer M, Sommer S, Längler A, Fetz K, Ostermann T, Zuzak TJ. Expert consensus-based clinical recommendation for an integrative anthroposophic treatment of acute bronchitis in children: A Delphi survey. Complement Ther Med 2021; 60:102736. [PMID: 34058369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute bronchitis is one of the most common pediatric diseases. In addition to conventional therapies, a frequent use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has been stated. Anthroposophic medicine (AM) is one of the most practiced complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) approaches in Central Europe but hitherto no consensus-based clinical recommendations or guidelines are available. Therefore, a consensus-based recommendation leading to an informed and reasonable use of AM in the treatment of acute bronchitis in pediatrics was developed. METHODS A total of 61 physicians in Germany with expertise in the field of anthroposophic pediatrics was invited to complete an online multistep Delphi process. Two independent reviewers quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated the results. The survey was completed when >75 % consensus was achieved. RESULTS The clinical recommendation comprises 15 subitems related to treatment as well as clinical and psychosocial aspects. All items reached strong consensus (>90 %; N = 9) or consensus (75-90 %; N = 6). CONCLUSION The comprehensive clinical recommendation creates a scientific base for the anthroposophic integrative treatment of acute bronchitis in children in Germany. It will make the anthroposophic approach more applicable, understandable and comparable to a wider public of physicians and other health professionals in Germany.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Marie Wopker
- Department of Pediatrics, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke, Gerhard-Kienle-Weg 4, 58313, Herdecke, Germany; Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 50, 58455, Witten, Germany
| | - Melanie Schwermer
- Department of Pediatrics, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke, Gerhard-Kienle-Weg 4, 58313, Herdecke, Germany; Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 50, 58455, Witten, Germany.
| | - Simon Sommer
- Department of Pediatrics, Vestische Kinder- und Jugendklinik Datteln, Dr.-Friedrich-Steiner-Straße 5, 45711, Datteln, Germany
| | - Alfred Längler
- Department of Pediatrics, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke, Gerhard-Kienle-Weg 4, 58313, Herdecke, Germany; Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 50, 58455, Witten, Germany
| | - Katharina Fetz
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Research Methodology and Statistics in Psychology, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 50, 58455, Witten, Germany
| | - Thomas Ostermann
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Research Methodology and Statistics in Psychology, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 50, 58455, Witten, Germany
| | - Tycho Jan Zuzak
- Department of Pediatrics, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke, Gerhard-Kienle-Weg 4, 58313, Herdecke, Germany; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr.55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Antibiotic Prescriptions in Patients with Acute Lower and Upper Respiratory Tract Infections-A Case-Control Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040455. [PMID: 33923681 PMCID: PMC8074179 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The goal of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of patient and physician related variables associated with antibiotic prescriptions in patients diagnosed with acute lower and upper respiratory tract infections (ALURTI), treated in general practices (GP) and pediatric practices, in Germany. Methods: The analysis included 1,140,095 adult individuals in 1237 general practices and 309,059 children and adolescents in 236 pediatric practices, from the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA), who had received at least one diagnosis of an ALURTI between 1 January 2015 and 31 March 2019. We estimated the association between 35 predefined variables and antibiotic prescription using multivariate logistic regression models, separately for general and pediatric practices. The variables included the proportion (as a percentage) of antibiotics or phytopharmaceuticals on all prescriptions per practice, as an indicator of physician prescription preference. Results: The prevalence of antibiotic prescription was higher in patients treated in GP (31.2%) than in pediatric practices (9.1%). In GP, the strongest association with antibiotic prescription was seen in the practice preference for antibiotic use, followed by specific diagnoses (acute bronchitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, and tracheitis), and higher patient age. In pediatric practices, acute sinusitis and bronchitis were the variables with the strongest association, followed by practice preference for antibiotic prescription. The strongest association with the non-prescription of antibiotics was practice preference for phytopharmaceuticals and the specific diagnosis of a viral infection. Conclusion: This study shows a high prevalence of antibiotic prescribing for patients with ALURTI in a primary care setting, especially in adult patients; physician related factors play an important role that should be addressed in interventions to reduce potentially inappropriate antibiotic prescribing.
Collapse
|
15
|
Nagoor Meeran M, Javed H, Sharma C, Goyal SN, Kumar S, Jha NK, Ojha S. Can Echinacea be a potential candidate to target immunity, inflammation, and infection - The trinity of coronavirus disease 2019. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05990. [PMID: 33585706 PMCID: PMC7870107 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an ongoing public health emergency. The pathogenesis and complications advanced with infection mainly involve immune-inflammatory cascade. Therefore, the therapeutic strategy relies on immune modulation, reducing infectivity and inflammation. Given the interplay of infection and immune-inflammatory axis, the natural products received attention for preventive and therapeutic usage in COVID-19 due to their potent antiviral and anti-immunomodulatory activities. Recently, Echinacea preparations, particularly E. purpurea, have been suggested to be an important antiviral agent to be useful in COVID-19 by modulating virus entry, internalization and replication. In principle, the immune response and the resultant inflammatory process are important for the elimination of the infection, but may have a significant impact on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and may play a role in the clinical spectrum of COVID-19. Considering the pharmacological effects, therapeutic potential, and molecular mechanisms of Echinacea, we hypothesize that it could be a reasonably possible candidate for targeting infection, immunity, and inflammation in COVID-19 with recent recognition of cannabinoid-2 (CB2) receptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) mediated mechanisms of bioactive components that make them notable immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antiviral agent. The plausible reason for our hypothesis is that the presence of numerous bioactive agents in different parts of plants that may synergistically exert polypharmacological actions in regulating immune-inflammatory axis in COVID-19. Our proposition is to scientifically contemplate the therapeutic perspective and prospect of Echinacea on infection, immunity, and inflammation with a potential in COVID-19 to limit the severity and progression of the disease. Based on the clinical usage for respiratory infections, and relative safety in humans, further studies for the evidence-based approach to COVID-19 are needed. We do hope that Echinacea could be a candidate agent for immunomodulation in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M.F. Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box - 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hayate Javed
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box - 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box - 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameer N. Goyal
- Shri Vile Parle Kelvani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Division of Hematology/Nephrology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box - 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Seifert G, Jeitler M, Stange R, Michalsen A, Cramer H, Brinkhaus B, Esch T, Kerckhoff A, Paul A, Teut M, Ghadjar P, Langhorst J, Häupl T, Murthy V, Kessler CS. The Relevance of Complementary and Integrative Medicine in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Review of the Literature. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:587749. [PMID: 33363186 PMCID: PMC7761649 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.587749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic people are facing risks of adverse health effects due to the restrictions implemented such as quarantine measures, reduced social contact, and self-isolation. In this qualitative review, we collected data on potential preventive and therapeutic health benefits of Complementary and Integrative Medicine (CIM) that might be useful during the COVID-19 pandemic. We have reviewed the scientific literature to summarize CIM practices that could be beneficial for improving physical and mental health and well-being of the population under the current pandemic circumstances. It must be noted that this review is not SARS-CoV-2 specific and we explicitly do not intend to make any SARS-CoV-2 specific health claims in this article. Methods and Findings: A qualitative, non-systematic literature review was conducted in Medline to identify literature describing preventive and therapeutic CIM approaches for strengthening mental and physical health. For a variety of CIM approaches clinical evidence was identified, indicating beneficial effects. CIM approaches include specific dietary measures and selected micronutrients, physical activity, techniques from Mind-Body Medicine, single botanicals or botanical compounds, and spending time in nature among others. The effects of CIM measures on conditions like obesity and hypertension are of special relevance here, as these conditions are considered as risk factors for a severe course of COVID-19. Moreover, a possibly direct effect of CIM approaches on immune functions and clinical parameters in respiratory tract infections, such as influenza, were identified. The findings of this review could be helpful for clinicians, patients, and the general population during the current pandemic when discussing and/or considering CIM options. Conclusions: CIM offers a variety of preventive and therapeutic options for strengthening physical and mental resilience, which could also be useful in the current COVID-19 pandemic. The evidence of CIM approaches with a potential benefit in the COVID-19 pandemic in different areas is worth to be analyzed. While this qualitative review has several obvious limitations, it might serve as useful starting point for further research on this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Seifert
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Otto-Heubner Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine (OHC), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Georg Seifert
| | - Michael Jeitler
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Krankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Stange
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Krankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Michalsen
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Krankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Cramer
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany,National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Benno Brinkhaus
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Esch
- Institute for Integrative Health Care and Health Promotion, University Clinic for Integrative Health Care, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Annette Kerckhoff
- Institute for Integrative Health Care and Health Promotion, University Clinic for Integrative Health Care, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Anna Paul
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Teut
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pirus Ghadjar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jost Langhorst
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Klinikum Bamberg, Chair for Integrative Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Häupl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vijay Murthy
- Faculty of Medicine, Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christian S. Kessler
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Krankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Esposito S, Jones MH, Feleszko W, Martell JAO, Falup-Pecurariu O, Geppe N, Martinón-Torres F, Shen KL, Roth M, Principi N. Prevention of New Respiratory Episodes in Children with Recurrent Respiratory Infections: An Expert Consensus Statement. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1810. [PMID: 33213053 PMCID: PMC7698530 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In healthy infants and young children, the development of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) is extremely common. In this paper, we present an international consensus of the available approaches for the prevention of recurrent RTIs in children, including the atopic/allergic ones as well as those with asthma. Few convincing measures for reducing the frequency and clinical relevance of recurrent respiratory episodes in RTI-prone children have been developed until now. Among the most recently suggested measures, immunotherapy is attractive, but only for OM-85 is there a sufficient number of well-conducted clinical trials confirming efficacy in RTIs prevention with an adequate safety profile. In the case of probiotics, it is not clear which bacteria can offer the best results and which dosage and schedule of administration are the most effective. The problems of dosage and the schedule of administration are not solved also for vitamin D, despite some promising efficacy results. While we wait for new knowledge, the elimination or reduction as much as possible of the environmental factors that favor RTIs, vaccination when available and/or indicated, and the systematic application of the traditional methods for infection prevention, such as hand washing, remain the best measures to prevent recurrent infections in RTI-prone children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Marcus Herbert Jones
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre (RS) 90619-900, Brazil;
| | - Wojciech Feleszko
- Department of Pediatric Pneumonology and Allergy, The Medical University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - José A. Ortega Martell
- Department of Immunology, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo 42082, Mexico;
| | - Oana Falup-Pecurariu
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, Children’s Clinic Hospital, 500036 Brasov, Romania;
| | - Natalia Geppe
- Department of Paediatrics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 115093 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Federico Martinón-Torres
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Kun-Ling Shen
- China National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China;
| | - Michael Roth
- Pulmonary Cell Research and Pneumology, Department of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland;
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Silveira D, Prieto-Garcia JM, Boylan F, Estrada O, Fonseca-Bazzo YM, Jamal CM, Magalhães PO, Pereira EO, Tomczyk M, Heinrich M. COVID-19: Is There Evidence for the Use of Herbal Medicines as Adjuvant Symptomatic Therapy? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:581840. [PMID: 33071794 PMCID: PMC7542597 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.581840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current recommendations for the self-management of SARS-Cov-2 disease (COVID-19) include self-isolation, rest, hydration, and the use of NSAID in case of high fever only. It is expected that many patients will add other symptomatic/adjuvant treatments, such as herbal medicines. AIMS To provide a benefits/risks assessment of selected herbal medicines traditionally indicated for "respiratory diseases" within the current frame of the COVID-19 pandemic as an adjuvant treatment. METHOD The plant selection was primarily based on species listed by the WHO and EMA, but some other herbal remedies were considered due to their widespread use in respiratory conditions. Preclinical and clinical data on their efficacy and safety were collected from authoritative sources. The target population were adults with early and mild flu symptoms without underlying conditions. These were evaluated according to a modified PrOACT-URL method with paracetamol, ibuprofen, and codeine as reference drugs. The benefits/risks balance of the treatments was classified as positive, promising, negative, and unknown. RESULTS A total of 39 herbal medicines were identified as very likely to appeal to the COVID-19 patient. According to our method, the benefits/risks assessment of the herbal medicines was found to be positive in 5 cases (Althaea officinalis, Commiphora molmol, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hedera helix, and Sambucus nigra), promising in 12 cases (Allium sativum, Andrographis paniculata, Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea purpurea, Eucalyptus globulus essential oil, Justicia pectoralis, Magnolia officinalis, Mikania glomerata, Pelargonium sidoides, Pimpinella anisum, Salix sp, Zingiber officinale), and unknown for the rest. On the same grounds, only ibuprofen resulted promising, but we could not find compelling evidence to endorse the use of paracetamol and/or codeine. CONCLUSIONS Our work suggests that several herbal medicines have safety margins superior to those of reference drugs and enough levels of evidence to start a clinical discussion about their potential use as adjuvants in the treatment of early/mild common flu in otherwise healthy adults within the context of COVID-19. While these herbal medicines will not cure or prevent the flu, they may both improve general patient well-being and offer them an opportunity to personalize the therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dâmaris Silveira
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Jose Maria Prieto-Garcia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Boylan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Omar Estrada
- Biophysics and Biochemistry Center, Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Research, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | | | | | - Edson Oliveira Pereira
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Michal Tomczyk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, School of Pharmacy, University College of London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Martin D, Konrad M, Adarkwah CC, Kostev K. Reduced antibiotic use after initial treatment of acute respiratory infections with phytopharmaceuticals- a retrospective cohort study. Postgrad Med 2020; 132:412-418. [PMID: 32312131 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2020.1751497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the relationship between the initial treatment of acute lower and upper tract respiratory infections with phytopharmaceuticals and the duration of the disease as well as between the initial treatment and the use of antibiotics in the further course of the disease. METHOD Outpatients from the IMS® Disease Analyzer database with diagnoses of acute respiratory infections between January 2015 and March 2019 were observed for 30 days. Patients who had been prescribed phytopharmaceuticals on the day of their diagnosis were matched with controls who had not received such prescriptions by treating practice, diagnosis, age, sex, insurance status, index year, and Charlson comorbidity score. Patients antibiotic precriptions on the day of diagnosis were excluded. Logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between phytopharmaceutical prescription, antibiotic prescription in the further course of the disease, and duration of sick leave. RESULTS A total of 117,182 patients who had been prescribed phytopharmaceuticals and an equal number of controls were available for analysis. Phytotherapeutics were associated with fewer antibiotic prescriptions. Extract of Pelargonium sidoides root (odds ratio (OR) 0.49 [0.43-0.57]) and thyme extract (OR 0.62 [0.49-0.76]) exhibited the strongest effect among patients treated by general practitioners, while Pelargonium sidoides root extract (OR 0.57 [0.38-0.84]), thyme and ivy extract (OR 0.66 [0.60-0.73]), and thyme and primrose root extract (OR 0.67 [0.47-0.96]) proved most effective in pediatric patients. Patients receiving phytopharmaceuticals had a significantly lower risk of prolonged periods of sick leave. The risk of sick leave durations of >7 days was most markedly reduced in patients taking cineole (OR 0.74 [0.63-0.86]) and Pelargonium root extract (OR 0.79 [0.54-0.96]). CONCLUSION The use of selected phytopharmaceuticals for acute respiratory infections is associated with a significantly reduced need for antibiotic prescriptions in the further course of the disease, as well as significantly shorter sick leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Martin
- Integrative and Anthroposophic Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke , Witten, Germany
| | - Marcel Konrad
- Health & Social, FOM University of Applied Sciences for Economics and Management , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Charles Christian Adarkwah
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Siegen , Siegen, Germany.,Department of General Practice, Philipps University of Marburg , Marburg, Germany
| | - Karel Kostev
- Epidemiology, IQVIA , Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Petran M, Dragos D, Gilca M. Historical ethnobotanical review of medicinal plants used to treat children diseases in Romania (1860s-1970s). JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2020; 16:15. [PMID: 32204715 PMCID: PMC7092505 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-020-00364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Romanian ethnopediatrics has a long history of medicinal plant use. The main objective of the present review was to identify, collect, systematize, and prioritize the available bibliographical data related to medicinal plants traditionally used to treat various pediatric diseases in Romania during the 1860s-1970s. METHODS Information was mainly obtained by manual systematic search in various relevant historical works focused on the traditional use of medicinal plants in Romania (1860s-1970s), found in the Archives of Romanian Academy Library and National Romanian Library. RESULTS A total of 153 medicinal plants belonging to 52 families were identified as having ethnopediatric significance. The plant traditional indications, targeted body systems, parts used, and way of administration were provided. We have also proposed one index (expressed as percentage) in order to assess the ethnopediatric applicability area of species: ethnopediatric relative therapeutic versatility (ERTV), which was calculated on the basis of the number of distinct uses mentioned for a species. The species identified to have the highest ERTV scores were Dryopteris filix-mas (100%), Gratiola officinalis (85.71%), Allium sativum (71.42%), Eryngium planum (71.42%), Juglans regia (71.42%), Matricaria chamomilla (71.42%), Plantago major (71.42%). CONCLUSIONS The present study exposed for the first time to the international scientific community important ethnopediatric information contained in several local Romanian bibliographical resources that could guide the local and international researchers towards new directions of plant valorization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Petran
- Department of Functional Sciences I- Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dorin Dragos
- Nephrology Clinic, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, 050098, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Medical Semiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marilena Gilca
- Department of Functional Sciences I- Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Integrative oder alternative Kinder- und Jugendmedizin? Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-019-0737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
22
|
Echinacea for the prevention and treatment of upper respiratory tract infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med 2019; 44:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
|
23
|
Baars EW, Zoen EBV, Breitkreuz T, Martin D, Matthes H, von Schoen-Angerer T, Soldner G, Vagedes J, van Wietmarschen H, Patijn O, Willcox M, von Flotow P, Teut M, von Ammon K, Thangavelu M, Wolf U, Hummelsberger J, Nicolai T, Hartemann P, Szőke H, McIntyre M, van der Werf ET, Huber R. The Contribution of Complementary and Alternative Medicine to Reduce Antibiotic Use: A Narrative Review of Health Concepts, Prevention, and Treatment Strategies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:5365608. [PMID: 30854009 PMCID: PMC6378062 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5365608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this narrative review was to explore the potential contributions of CAM to reduce antibiotic use. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews with a specific, limited set of search terms and collected input from a group of expert CAM researchers to answer the question: What is known about the contribution of CAM health and health promotion concepts, infection prevention, and infection treatment strategies to reduce antibiotic use? Results. The worldview-related CAM health concepts enable health promotion oriented infection prevention and treatment aimed at strengthening or supporting the self-regulating ability of the human organism to cope with diseases. There is some evidence that the CAM concepts of health (promotion) are in agreement with current conceptualization of health and that doctors who practice both CAM and conventional medicine prescribe less antibiotics, although selection bias of the presented studies cannot be ruled out. There is some evidence that prevention and some treatment strategies are effective and safe. Many CAM treatment strategies are promising but overall lack high quality evidence. CONCLUSIONS CAM prevention and treatment strategies may contribute to reducing antibiotic use, but more rigorous research is necessary to provide high quality evidence of (cost-)effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik W. Baars
- Louis Bolk Institute, Kosterijland 3-5, 3981 AJ Bunnik, Netherlands
- University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Faculty of Healthcare, Zernikedreef 11, 2333 CK Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eefje Belt-van Zoen
- University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Faculty of Healthcare, Zernikedreef 11, 2333 CK Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - David Martin
- University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 50, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Harald Matthes
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Luisenstr. 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Georg Soldner
- Medical section of the Goetheanum, Rüttiweg 45 4143 Dornach, Switzerland
| | - Jan Vagedes
- ARCIM institute, Im Haberschlai 7, 70794 Filderstadt, Germany
| | | | - Olga Patijn
- Louis Bolk Institute, Kosterijland 3-5, 3981 AJ Bunnik, Netherlands
| | - Merlin Willcox
- University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Paschen von Flotow
- Sustainable Business Institute, Zehnthofstr. 1, 65375 Oestrich-Winkel, Germany
| | - Michael Teut
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Luisenstr. 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus von Ammon
- University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 46, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Madan Thangavelu
- European Ayurveda Association e.V., In den Forstwiesen 27, D- 56745 Bell, Germany
| | - Ursula Wolf
- University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 46, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Ton Nicolai
- Eurocam, Rue du Trône 194, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Hartemann
- University of Lorraine, School of Medicine, 7 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54500 Vandoeuvre-Nancy, France
| | - Henrik Szőke
- University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Vasvári Pál str. 4., Hungary
| | - Michael McIntyre
- Midsummer Clinic, Church Westcote, Chipping Norton, Oxon, Ox7 6SF, UK
| | - Esther T. van der Werf
- Taylor's University, School of Medicine, 1, Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
- University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Roman Huber
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Breisacher Str. 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Welche Phytos gegen Husten? CME 2019; 16:24. [PMID: 32288718 PMCID: PMC7111796 DOI: 10.1007/s11298-019-6974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Zur pflanzlichen Therapie von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit akuten Atemwegsinfekten liegen bisher nur wenige Studien vor. Beim Pädiatriekongress haben Experten ein Update gegeben.
Collapse
|
25
|
Integrative Pediatrics: Successful Implementation of Integrative Medicine in a German Hospital Setting-Concept and Realization. CHILDREN-BASEL 2018; 5:children5090122. [PMID: 30181478 PMCID: PMC6162590 DOI: 10.3390/children5090122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) has not been systematically institutionalized in pediatric hospital care in Germany so far. For the responsible implementation and systematic evaluation of CAM in pediatric care, a model project was initialized in three different pediatric hospitals in Germany, one of them being the “Kinderkrankenhaus St. Marien” in Landshut, Germany. During this project, a concept of the implementation process was developed based on clinical care, teaching, and scientific evaluation. A project group was formed in St. Marien, which included leaders of the hospital, physicians, nurses, and physiotherapists. Over a period of three years, pediatric treatment modalities of the CAM-spectrum were systematically integrated into routine pediatric care and a new integrative medicine department was established. CAM is now being applied in an inpatient as well as outpatient setting, in addition to conventional medical treatments. The modalities now applied include Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), relaxation, hypnosis, reflexology, wraps and poultices, aromatherapy, homeopathy, yoga, and herbal medicine. Studies were initiated in some areas. The process and concept leading up to this successful implementation will be described in this article. We show that with motivated team players and structured proceedings, implementation of integrative medicine in a children’s hospital can be successful.
Collapse
|