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de Castro Oliveira JA, Ferreira LS, Garcia IP, de Lima Santos H, Ferreira GS, Rocha JPM, Nunes SA, de Carvalho AA, Pinto JEBP, Bertolucci SKV. Eugenia uniflora, Melaleuca armillaris, and Schinus molle essential oils to manage larvae of the filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:34749-34758. [PMID: 35043299 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Populations of Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera: Culicidae) have shown resistance to insecticides of the carbamate and organophosphate classes. The objective of this study was to assess the susceptibility of C. quinquefasciatus larvae to essential oils from leaves of Eugenia uniflora L., Melaleuca armillaris (Sol. ex Gaertn.) Sm., and Schinus molle L and C. quinquefasciatus larvae's biochemical responses after their exposure to these leaves. The essential oils were chemically analyzed by GC and GC/MS. First, the lethal concentration for 50% (LC50) values was estimated using different concentrations of essential oils and probit analysis. The larvae were exposed for 1 h at the LC50 estimated for each essential oil. The susceptibility of the larvae to essential oils was evaluated using the following biochemical parameters: concentrations of total protein and reduced glutathione; levels of production of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation; and the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The main chemical constituents in E. uniflora were E-β-ocimene, curzerene, germacrene B, and germacrone; in M. armillaris were 1,8-cineole and terpinolene; and in S. molle were sabinene, myrcene, and sylvestrene. The essential oils had LC50 values between 31.52 and 60.08 mg/L, all of which were considered effective. All of them also promoted changes in biochemical parameters when compared to the control treatment. The essential oils of S. molle and E. uniflora inhibited the activity of the AChE enzyme, and the essential oil of M. armillaris increased it. All essential oils had larvicidal activity against C. quinquefasciatus, but the essential oil of E. uniflora was the most efficient. Thus, the findings of the present study suggest that the essential oil of E. uniflora can be considered promising for the development of botanical larvicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Assunção de Castro Oliveira
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Medicinal Plants, Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Zip Code 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Lorena Sales Ferreira
- Laboratory of Insects Disease Vectors, Federal University of São João del Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Zip Code 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Israel Pereira Garcia
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry, Federal University of São João del Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Zip Code 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Hérica de Lima Santos
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry, Federal University of São João del Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Zip Code 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Sales Ferreira
- Laboratory of Insects Disease Vectors, Federal University of São João del Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Zip Code 35501-296, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Miranda Rocha
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Medicinal Plants, Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Zip Code 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Stênio Alves Nunes
- Laboratory of Insects Disease Vectors, Federal University of São João del Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Zip Code 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Alves de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Medicinal Plants, Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Zip Code 37200-000, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Brasil Pereira Pinto
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Medicinal Plants, Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Zip Code 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Medicinal Plants, Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Zip Code 37200-000, Brazil.
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Plant-Based Bioinsecticides for Mosquito Control: Impact on Insecticide Resistance and Disease Transmission. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020162. [PMID: 35206735 PMCID: PMC8878986 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Mosquito-borne diseases cause millions of deaths each year. There has been an increase in the use of insecticides to combat disease transmission caused by mosquitoes. Synthetic insecticides have been effectively used to protect humans from mosquito bites through insecticide-treated mosquito nets, fabrics, and indoor sprays. Despite the considerable progress made in reducing mosquito borne diseases, extensive usage of insecticides has caused serious health problems to humans and animals, insecticide resistance or insensitivity in mosquitoes, and environmental damage. A success in the fight with mosquito disease transmission can only be accomplished by adequate and effective implementation of insecticide resistance monitoring and management programs globally. For this purpose, extensive research focuses on exploring insecticide resistance mechanisms in mosquitoes and how they get resistant to chemical applications over time. The search also focuses on novel compounds that are more effective, safer, and eco-friendly for improved management of mosquito vectors. In this review, we provide the current literature on the synthetic insecticides and how mosquitoes develop resistance to them, with further emphasis on bioinsecticides that could replace conventional synthetic insecticides. In this context, plant-based compounds are explained in detail with their potential applications to control mosquitoes. Abstract The use of synthetic insecticides has been a solution to reduce mosquito-borne disease transmission for decades. Currently, no single intervention is sufficient to reduce the global disease burden caused by mosquitoes. Problems associated with extensive usage of synthetic compounds have increased substantially which makes mosquito-borne disease elimination and prevention more difficult over the years. Thus, it is crucial that much safer and effective mosquito control strategies are developed. Natural compounds from plants have been efficiently used to fight insect pests for a long time. Plant-based bioinsecticides are now considered a much safer and less toxic alternative to synthetic compounds. Here, we discuss candidate plant-based compounds that show larvicidal, adulticidal, and repellent properties. Our discussion also includes their mode of action and potential impact in mosquito disease transmission and circumvention of resistance. This review improves our knowledge on plant-based bioinsecticides and the potential for the development of state-of-the-art mosquito control strategies.
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Talipouo A, Mavridis K, Nchoutpouen E, Djiappi-Tchamen B, Fotakis EA, Kopya E, Bamou R, Kekeunou S, Awono-Ambene P, Balabanidou V, Balaska S, Wondji CS, Vontas J, Antonio-Nkondjio C. High insecticide resistance mediated by different mechanisms in Culex quinquefasciatus populations from the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7322. [PMID: 33795804 PMCID: PMC8017000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86850-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Culex mosquitoes particularly Culex quinquefasciatus are important arboviral and filariasis vectors, however despite this important epidemiological role, there is still a paucity of data on their bionomics. The present study was undertaken to assess the insecticide resistance status of Cx. quinquefasciatus populations from four districts of Yaoundé (Cameroon). All Culex quinquefasciatus populations except one displayed high resistance to bendiocarb and malathion with mortalities ranging from 0 to 89% while high resistance intensity against both permethrin and deltamethrin was recorded. Molecular analyses revealed high frequencies of the ACE-1 G119S mutation (ranging from 0 to 33%) and kdr L1014F allele (ranging from 55 to 74%) in all Cx. quinquefasciatus populations. Significant overexpression was detected for cytochrome P450s genes CYP6AA7 and CYP6Z10, as well as for Esterase A and Esterase B genes. The total cuticular hydrocarbon content, a proxy of cuticular resistance, was significantly increased (compared to the S-lab strain) in one population. The study confirms strong insecticide resistance mediated by different mechanisms in Cx. quinquefasciatus populations from the city of Yaoundé. The expansion of insecticide resistance in Culex populations could affect the effectiveness of current vector control measures and stress the need for the implementation of integrated vector control strategies in urban settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdou Talipouo
- Laboratoire de Recherche Sur Le PaludismeLaboratoire de Recherche Sur Le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), B. P. 288, Yaoundé, Cameroun.
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Konstantinos Mavridis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elysée Nchoutpouen
- Laboratoire de Recherche Sur Le PaludismeLaboratoire de Recherche Sur Le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), B. P. 288, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Borel Djiappi-Tchamen
- Laboratoire de Recherche Sur Le PaludismeLaboratoire de Recherche Sur Le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), B. P. 288, Yaoundé, Cameroun
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Research Unit Biology and Applied Ecology (VBID-RUBAE), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science of the University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Emmanouil Alexandros Fotakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Edmond Kopya
- Laboratoire de Recherche Sur Le PaludismeLaboratoire de Recherche Sur Le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), B. P. 288, Yaoundé, Cameroun
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Roland Bamou
- Laboratoire de Recherche Sur Le PaludismeLaboratoire de Recherche Sur Le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), B. P. 288, Yaoundé, Cameroun
- Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Research Unit Biology and Applied Ecology (VBID-RUBAE), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science of the University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Sévilor Kekeunou
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Parfait Awono-Ambene
- Laboratoire de Recherche Sur Le PaludismeLaboratoire de Recherche Sur Le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), B. P. 288, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Vasileia Balabanidou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sofia Balaska
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Charles Sinclair Wondji
- Department of Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
- Centre for Research in Infectious Disease (CRID), P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio
- Laboratoire de Recherche Sur Le PaludismeLaboratoire de Recherche Sur Le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), B. P. 288, Yaoundé, Cameroun.
- Department of Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
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Status of Insecticide Resistance and Its Mechanisms in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii Populations from Forest Settings in South Cameroon. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100741. [PMID: 31554225 PMCID: PMC6827028 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A key factor affecting malaria vector control efforts in Cameroon is the rapid expansion of insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l (An. gambiae) populations; however, mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance in forest mosquito populations are still not well documented yet. The present study was conducted to screen molecular mechanisms conferring insecticide resistance in An. gambiae s.l. populations from the South Cameroon forest region. WHO bioassays were conducted with F0 An. gambiae females aged three to four days from forest (Sangmelima, Nyabessan, and Mbandjock) and urban sites (Yaoundé (Bastos and Nkolondom)), against pyrethroids (permethrin 0.75% and deltamethrin 0.05%) and carbamates (bendiocarb 0.1%). Members of the An. Gambiae s.l. species complex were identified using molecular diagnostic tools. TaqMan assays were used to screen for target site mutations. The expression profiles of eight genes implicated in insecticide resistance were assessed using RT-qPCR. Cuticle hydrocarbon lipids were measured to assess their potential implication in insecticide resistance. Both An. Gambiae and An. coluzzii were detected. An. gambiae was highly prevalent in Sangmelima, Nyabessan, Mbandjock, and Nkolondom. An. coluzzii was the only species found in the Yaoundé city center (Bastos). Low mortality rate to both pyrethroids and bendiocarb was recorded in all sites. High frequency of L1014F allele (75.32–95.82%) and low frequencies of L1014S (1.71–23.05%) and N1575Y (5.28–12.87%) were recorded. The G119S mutation (14.22–35.5%) was detected for the first time in An. gambiae populations from Cameroon. This mutation was rather absent from An. coluzzii populations. The detoxification genes Cyp6m2, Cyp9k1, Cyp6p4, Cyp6z1, as well as Cyp4g16 which catalyzes epicuticular hydrocarbon biosynthesis, were found to be overexpressed in at least one population. The total cuticular hydrocarvbon content, a proxy of cuticular resistance, did not show a pattern associated with pyrethroid resistance in these populations. The rapid emergence of multiple resistance mechanisms in An. Gambiae s.l. population from the South Cameroon forest region is of big concern and could deeply affect the sustainability of insecticide-based interventions strategies in this region.
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Alves KF, Caetano FH, Pereira Garcia IJ, Santos HL, Silva DB, Siqueira JM, Tanaka AS, Alves SN. Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae) essential oil toxicity to Culex quinquefasciatus (Culicidae). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:31718-31726. [PMID: 30209768 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The control of mosquitoes by means of chemical insecticides has been a problem, mainly due to the possibility of resistance developed by insects to xenobiotics. For this reason, demand for botanical insecticides has increased. In this sense, the present work aims to verify the susceptibility and morphological and biochemical alterations of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae after exposure to essential oil (EO) of leaves of Baccharis dracunculifolia. To observe the larvicidal action, larvae were exposed to EO at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L, until their emergence to adults. The control group was exposed to deionized water and dimethyl sulfoxide. Morphological analyses were also carried out using hematoxylin and eosin, mercury bromophenol blue, Nile blue, and periodic acid Schiff. Biochemical analyses of total glucose, triacylglyceride (TAG), protein, and acetylcholinesterase levels were performed. The phytochemical analysis of the EO showed (E)-nerolidol as the major compound (30.62%). Larvae susceptibility results showed a LC50 of 34.45 mg/L for EO. Morphological analysis showed that there were histological changes in midgut. For biochemical analyses, the glucose level in the larvae exposed to EO for 24 h decreased significantly, unlike the TAG levels, which increased. The total protein level of the larvae also increased after exposure for 24 h, and acetylcholinesterase levels decreased significantly. Taking all our data into account, we can conclude that EO causes destabilization in larva, leading to histological changes, metabolic deregulation and, consequently, their death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyvia F Alves
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400 - Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG,, CEP 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Flávio H Caetano
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, Av. 24 A, 1515 - Jardim Vila Bela, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Israel J Pereira Garcia
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400 - Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG,, CEP 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Hérica L Santos
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400 - Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG,, CEP 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Denise B Silva
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária - Pioneiros, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - João M Siqueira
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400 - Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG,, CEP 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Aparecida S Tanaka
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Univesridade Federal de São Paulo, R. 3 de maio, 100 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Stênio N Alves
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400 - Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG,, CEP 35501-296, Brazil.
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Assogba BS, Alout H, Koffi A, Penetier C, Djogbénou LS, Makoundou P, Weill M, Labbé P. Adaptive deletion in resistance gene duplications in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Evol Appl 2018; 11:1245-1256. [PMID: 30151037 PMCID: PMC6099818 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While gene copy-number variations play major roles in long-term evolution, their early dynamics remains largely unknown. However, examples of their role in short-term adaptation are accumulating: identical repetitions of a locus (homogeneous duplications) can provide a quantitative advantage, while the association of differing alleles (heterogeneous duplications) allows carrying two functions simultaneously. Such duplications often result from rearrangements of sometimes relatively large chromosome fragments, and even when adaptive, they can be associated with deleterious side effects that should, however, be reduced by subsequent evolution. Here, we took advantage of the unique model provided by the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.l. to investigate the early evolution of several duplications, heterogeneous and homogeneous, segregating in natural populations from West Africa. These duplications encompass ~200 kb and 11 genes, including the adaptive insecticide resistance ace-1 locus. Through the survey of several populations from three countries over 3-4 years, we showed that an internal deletion of all coamplified genes except ace-1 is currently spreading in West Africa and introgressing from An. gambiae s.s. to An. coluzzii. Both observations provide evidences of its selection, most likely due to reducing the gene-dosage disturbances caused by the excessive copies of the nonadaptive genes. Our study thus provides a unique example of the early adaptive trajectory of duplications and underlines the role of the environmental conditions (insecticide treatment practices and species ecology). It also emphasizes the striking diversity of adaptive responses in these mosquitoes and reveals a worrisome process of resistance/cost trade-off evolution that could impact the control of malaria vectors in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît S. Assogba
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR 5554, CNRS‐UM‐IRD‐EPHE)Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Disease Control and Elimination DepartmentMedical Research Council, Unit The GambiaBanjulThe Gambia
- Institut Régional de Santé PubliqueUniversité d'Abomey CalaviCotonouBenin
- Faculté des Sciences et TechniquesLaboratoire de Biologie et de Typage Moléculaire en MicrobiologieUniversité d'Abomey CalaviCotonouBénin
| | - Haoues Alout
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR 5554, CNRS‐UM‐IRD‐EPHE)Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Alphonsine Koffi
- Institut Pierre Richet (IPR)/Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP)BouakéCôte d'Ivoire
| | - Cédric Penetier
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)UMR MIVEGECMontpellierFrance
| | - Luc S. Djogbénou
- Institut Régional de Santé PubliqueUniversité d'Abomey CalaviCotonouBenin
- Faculté des Sciences et TechniquesLaboratoire de Biologie et de Typage Moléculaire en MicrobiologieUniversité d'Abomey CalaviCotonouBénin
| | - Patrick Makoundou
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR 5554, CNRS‐UM‐IRD‐EPHE)Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Mylène Weill
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR 5554, CNRS‐UM‐IRD‐EPHE)Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Pierrick Labbé
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR 5554, CNRS‐UM‐IRD‐EPHE)Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
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Feng X, Yang C, Yang Y, Li J, Lin K, Li M, Qiu X. Distribution and frequency of G119S mutation in ace-1 gene within Anopheles sinensis populations from Guangxi, China. Malar J 2015; 14:470. [PMID: 26608572 PMCID: PMC4660823 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-1000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria is one of the most serious vector-borne diseases in the world. Vector control is an important measure for malaria prevention and elimination. However, this strategy is under threat as disease vectors are developing resistance to insecticides. Therefore, it is important to monitor mechanisms responsible for insecticide resistance. In this study, the presence of G119S mutation in the acetyl cholinesterase-encoding gene (ace-1) was investigated in nine Anopheles sinensis populations sampled across Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China. Methods PCR–RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) method was used to genotype each individual adult of An. sinensis. Direct sequencing of PCR products was performed to verify the accuracy of PCR–RFLP genotyping result. Population genetics analysis was conducted using Genepop programme. Results The frequencies of susceptible homozygotes, heterozygotes and resistant homozygotes in the nine populations ranged between 0–0.296, 0.143–0.500 and 0.333–0.857, respectively. Overall, a high frequency (0.519–0.929) of mutant 119S allele was observed and the genotype frequency of the ace-1 gene of An. sinensis was at Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in each of the nine examined populations. Conclusion The G119S mutation has become fixed and is widespread in An. sinensis field populations in Guangxi, China. These findings are useful in helping design strategies for An. sinensis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Feng
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China.
| | - Chan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yichao Yang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China.
| | - Kangming Lin
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China.
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xinghui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Liebman KA, Pinto J, Valle J, Palomino M, Vizcaino L, Brogdon W, Lenhart A. Novel mutations on the ace-1 gene of the malaria vector Anopheles albimanus provide evidence for balancing selection in an area of high insecticide resistance in Peru. Malar J 2015; 14:74. [PMID: 25889700 PMCID: PMC4340496 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to multiple classes of insecticides has been detected in the malaria vector Anopheles albimanus in northwest Peru. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) insensitivity has previously been associated with resistance to organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CA) insecticides in arthropods. A single point mutation on the ace-1 gene (G119S) associated with resistance to OPs and CAs has been described previously in four anopheline species, but not in field-collected An. albimanus. The present study aimed to characterize the role of ace-1 in conferring resistance to both OPs and CAs in the An. albimanus population in Tumbes, Peru. Methods The frequency and intensity of resistance to OPs and CAs was quantified through bioassays of female An. albimanus collected between 2012 and 2014, and the presence of insensitive AChE was confirmed using biochemical assays. A portion of the ace-1 gene flanking codon 119 was amplified and sequenced from individuals used in the bioassays and biochemical assays, as well as from historical samples collected in 2008. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine: (1) associations between genotype and AChE insensitivity; and, (2) associations between genotype and resistance phenotype. Results After confirming high levels of resistance to fenitrothion, malathion, and bendiocarb through bioassays, two novel polymorphisms were identified at the first and second loci of codon 119, with all individuals from the 2012–2014 collections being heterozygous at the first base (G/T) and either heterozygous (G/C) or homozygous mutants (C/C) at the second base. Based on sequence data from historical samples, these mutations arose prior to 2008, but became fixed in the population between 2008 and 2012. Homozygotes at the second locus had significantly higher levels of AChE insensitivity than heterozygotes (p <0.05). Individuals phenotypically susceptible to OPs and CAs were more likely to be heterozygous at the second locus (p <0.01). Cloning identified four individuals each containing three distinct genotypes, suggesting that a duplication of the ace-1 gene may have occurred. Conclusions The occurrence of heterozygotes at two loci and the presence of three genotypes in four individuals suggest that balancing selection could be maintaining OP and CA resistance in this population, while minimizing associated fitness costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Liebman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - William Brogdon
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Audrey Lenhart
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Point mutations associated with organophosphate and carbamate resistance in Chinese strains of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e95260. [PMID: 24788312 PMCID: PMC4006752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase resistance has been well documented in many insects, including several mosquito species. We tested the resistance of five wild, Chinese strains of the mosquito Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus to two kinds of pesticides, dichlorvos and propoxur. An acetylcholinesterase gene (ace1) was cloned and sequenced from a pooled sample of mosquitoes from these five strains and the amino acids of five positions were found to vary (V185M, G247S, A328S, A391T, and T682A). Analysis of the correlation between mutation frequencies and resistance levels (LC50) suggests that two point mutations, G247S (r2 = 0.732, P = 0.065) and A328S (r2 = 0.891, P = 0.016), are associated with resistance to propoxur but not to dichlorvos. Although the V185M mutation was not associated with either dichlorvos or propoxur resistance, its RS genotype frequency was correlated with propoxur resistance (r2 = 0.815, P = 0.036). And the HWE test showed the A328S mutation is linked with V185M, also with G247S mutation. This suggested that these three mutations may contribute synergistically to propoxur resistance. The T682A mutation was negatively correlated with propoxur (r2 = 0.788, P = 0.045) resistance. Knowledge of these mutations may help design strategies for managing pesticide resistance in wild mosquito populations.
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Low VL, Chen CD, Lim PE, Lee HL, Lim YAL, Tan TK, Sofian-Azirun M. First molecular genotyping of insensitive acetylcholinesterase associated with malathion resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus Say populations in Malaysia. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2013; 69:1362-1368. [PMID: 23404830 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given that there is limited available information on the insensitive acetylcholinesterase in insect species in Malaysia, the present study aims to detect the presence of G119S mutation in the acetylcholinesterase gene of Culex quinquefasciatus from 14 residential areas across 13 states and a federal territory in Malaysia. RESULTS The ace-1 sequence and PCR-RFLP test revealed the presence of glycine-serine ace-1 mutation in the wild populations of Cx. quinquefasciatus. Both direct sequencing and PCR-RFLP methods demonstrated similar results and revealed the presence of a heterozygous genotype at a very low frequency (18 out of 140 individuals), while a homozygous resistant genotype was not detected across any study site in Malaysia. In addition, statistical analysis also revealed that malathion resistance is associated with the frequency of ace-1(R) in Cx. quinquefasciatus populations. CONCLUSION This study has demonstrated the first field-evolved instance of G119S mutation in Malaysian populations. Molecular identification of insensitive acetylcholinesterase provides significant insights into the evolution and adaptation of the Malaysian Cx. quinquefasciatus populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Lun Low
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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