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Barnabé NNDC, Soares RR, Barros DKS, Nogueira DB, da Costa FTR, Araújo Júnior JP, Malossi CD, Ullmann LS, da Costa DF, Silva MLCR, Higino SSDS, Santos CDSAB, de Azevedo SS, Alves CJ. Bovine Leptospirosis in Caatinga Biome, Brazil: New Insights into Diagnosis and Epidemiology. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:177. [PMID: 36977178 PMCID: PMC10053506 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8030177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine leptospirosis causes economic losses and raises public health concerns. It is possible that there are peculiarities in the epidemiology of leptospirosis in regions with a semiarid climate, such as the Caatinga biome in Brazil, where the climate is hot and dry, and the etiological agent require alternative routes of transmission. This study aimed to close knowledge gaps to the diagnosis and epidemiology of Leptospira spp. infection in cows from the Caatinga biome, Brazil. Samples of the blood, urinary tract (urine, bladder and kidney) and reproductive tract (vaginal fluid, uterus, uterine tube, ovary and placenta) were collected from 42 slaughtered cows. Diagnostic tests included were the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bacterial isolation. Anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies were found in 27 (64.3%) of the animals analyzed using MAT at a 1:50 dilution (cut-off 50), while 31 (73.8%) animals had at least one organ/fluid where the presence of Leptospira spp. DNA was identified, and 29 animals (69%) were positive at bacteriological culture. The highest sensitivity values for MAT were obtained at the cut-off point of 50. In conclusion, even under hot and dry climate conditions, it is possible that Leptospira spp. can spread through alternative routes such as venereal transmission; moreover, a cut-off of 50 is recommended for the serological diagnosis of cattle from the Caatinga biome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Soares
- Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine (UAMV), Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos 58708-110, Brazil
| | - Deivyson Kelvis Silva Barros
- Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine (UAMV), Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos 58708-110, Brazil
| | - Denise Batista Nogueira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | | | - João Pessoa Araújo Júnior
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of the São Paulo State (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Camila Dantas Malossi
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of the São Paulo State (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Leila Sabrina Ullmann
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of the São Paulo State (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Sérgio Santos de Azevedo
- Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine (UAMV), Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos 58708-110, Brazil
| | - Clebert José Alves
- Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine (UAMV), Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos 58708-110, Brazil
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Ochoa-Valencia JL, Cruz-Romero A, Sánchez-Montes S, Esparza-González SC, Romero-Salas D, Domínguez-Mancera B, Ramos-Vázquez JR, Becker I, Torres-Castro M. Serological and Molecular evidence of pathogenic Leptospira species in cattle from slaughterhouses in Veracruz State, Mexico. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS 2022. [DOI: 10.52973/rcfcv-e33201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cattle raising is the most important livestock activity in Mexico, highlighting the fact that the Country is eight place worldwide in the production of bovine meat. However, cattle can be affected by leptospirosis (a bacterial disease caused by 17 species of spirochetes of the genus Leptospira), which cause reproductive problems that translate into great economic losses. Additionally, these zoonotic agents can cause a rapidly evolving febrile condition in humans, which can be solved after the first week of symptoms or could progress to develop a severe late-phase manifestations. Despite the great impact of these agents on the economy and Public Health, epidemiological surveillance against the infectious disease that cause is not present in municipal slaughterhouses (MS). Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify, using serological and molecular methods, the circulating Leptospira species in three MS in Veracruz State. The frequency of anti-Leptospira antibodies was 67.5%. Additionally, five sequences were recovered that were 99% similar to L. interrogans. This work represents the first national effort for the evaluation of MS as sentinel units, that allow establishing the diversity of species of the genus Leptospira that circulate in cattle and establishing intervention measures for workers risk mitigation, who come into contact with the fluids and organs of infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Ochoa-Valencia
- Universidad Veracruzana, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, región Veracruz. Veracruz, México
| | - Anabel Cruz-Romero
- Universidad Veracruzana, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, región Veracruz. Veracruz, México
| | - Sokani Sánchez-Montes
- Universidad Veracruzana, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, región Tuxpan. Veracruz, México -Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental. Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sandra Cecilia Esparza-González
- Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Facultad de Odontología, Laboratorio de Cultivo Celular, Unidad Saltillo. Saltillo, México
| | - Dora Romero-Salas
- Universidad Veracruzana, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, región Veracruz. Veracruz, México
| | | | - Jose Rodrigo Ramos-Vázquez
- Universidad Veracruzana, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, región Veracruz. Veracruz, México
| | - Ingeborg Becker
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental. Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marco Torres-Castro
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Emergentes y Reemergentes.Yucatán, México
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3
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Aymée L, Gregg WRR, Loureiro AP, Di Azevedo MIN, Pedrosa JDS, Melo JDSLD, Carvalho-Costa FA, de Souza GN, Lilenbaum W. Bovine Genital Leptospirosis and reproductive disorders of live subfertile cows under field conditions. Vet Microbiol 2021; 261:109213. [PMID: 34481272 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bovine genital leptospirosis (BGL) is characterized by silent chronic reproductive disorders, most related to early embryonic death leading to estrus repetition, subfertility and abortions. However, most studies were conducted in slaughterhouses, which lacks reproductive and sanitary history of the studied animals. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of Leptospira sp. infection in live cows with history of low reproductive efficiency. Blood, urine, cervico-vaginal mucus and uterine fragment were collected from nine cows of the same herd presenting reproductive failure (abortions, estrus repetition and chronic infertility). Serology (MAT) and molecular analysis (PCR and nucleotide sequencing) were performed. Serology showed three (33.3%) seroreactive cows, two to Sejroe and one to Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroups. Six cows (66.7%) presented leptospiral DNA on genital samples, while all urine samples were negative. L. interrogans was identified in five samples, very closely related to strains from Sejroe (n = 3) and Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 2) serogroups, while L. noguchii was identified in one sample. Results from this preliminary study demonstrates the presence of leptospires on uterus and reinforces the negative impact of leptospiral infection on reproductive tract, highlighting its association with reproductive failures on live animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Aymée
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Loureiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana de Souza Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Guilherme Nunes de Souza
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Walter Lilenbaum
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Guedes IB, de Souza GO, de Paula Castro JF, Cavalini MB, Maia ALP, do Amaral RR, Cortez A, Heinemann MB. Isolation of an atypical Leptospira strain assigned to the Sejroe serogroup from a water buffalo in Brazil. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 77:101673. [PMID: 34029859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The isolation of leptospires from buffaloes worldwide is still limited to a few strains. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the first Leptospira isolate from buffalo urine, assigned to the Sejroe serogroup, which does not belong to the Wolffi subgroup, traditionally isolated in Brazil. A total of 244 urine samples of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) raised in the Brazilian Amazon were subjected to bacteriological culturing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of leptospires. The obtained isolate was characterized by serogrouping using polyclonal antibodies, partial DNA sequencing, Hardjo-Bovis-specific PCR, multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA/VNTR) and experimental infection in hamsters. PCR was performed on the urine samples; 11/244 were positive (4.5 %) for Leptospira, and only one isolate was recovered (0.4 %). Regarding characterization, the isolate was assigned to the Sejroe serogroup with high titers (12,800) for the Saxkoebing and Sejroe serovar antisera. The isolate was negative for Hardjo-Bovis-specific PCR, and the species Leptospira borgpetersenii was identified by DNA sequencing. The MLVA results showed that the VNTR profile of the isolate was 1-2-5, compatible with that of serovars Sejroe/Istrica. In the experimental infection in hamsters, the animals did not develop clinical signs, and no macroscopic lesions were observed on the organs at necropsy; however, the strain was detected in the kidneys, uterus, and testicles of the animals. The isolate described herein highlights infection by Sejroe strains that may be overlooked in buffaloes and that may be different from those normally isolated and used in serological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Barbosa Guedes
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Oliveira de Souza
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Fernandes de Paula Castro
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Burilli Cavalini
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson Luiz Pinheiro Maia
- Médico Veterinário, Auditor Fiscal Agropecuário, Agência de Defesa e Inspeção Agropecuária do Estado do Amapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Raquel Rodrigues do Amaral
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Medicinal, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cortez
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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5
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Guedes IB, de Souza GO, de Paula Castro JF, Cavalini MB, de Souza Filho AF, Maia ALP, Dos Reis EA, Cortez A, Heinemann MB. Leptospira interrogans serogroup Pomona strains isolated from river buffaloes. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:194. [PMID: 33666800 PMCID: PMC7932906 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02623-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
At present, little is known regarding the prevalence of buffalo leptospirosis worldwide, especially with respect to which Leptospira strains may infect this animal species. Furthermore, most investigations into this disease in buffaloes have only been performed with serological studies. In Brazil, particularly in the Amazon, buffalo production is growing and is just as important as cattle production, although few studies have been performed on buffalo compared to cattle. Thus, the aim of this study was to isolate and characterise Leptospira strains from river buffaloes raised in the Brazilian Amazon region. We collected 109 kidney samples from slaughtered buffaloes raised in the Amazon Delta region of Brazil. The samples were analysed by bacteriological culture for the isolation of leptospires, and the obtained isolates were serologically and molecularly characterised by microscopic agglutination test (MAT), DNA sequencing and multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). Five isolates were obtained, and in serogrouping analyses, these isolates were only reactive for the Pomona serogroup, with an observed titre of 25,600. The DNA sequencing results revealed that all the isolates belonged to the species Leptospira interrogans, and the MLVA results showed that the VNTR loci 4, 7 and 10 profile of all the isolates was 4-1-10. In this study, we observed that Pomona serogroup strains circulate in buffaloes in the Amazon, showing that in Brazil, buffaloes can be affected by Leptospira strains other than the Sejroe group, which are adapted to cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Barbosa Guedes
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Oliveira de Souza
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Fernandes de Paula Castro
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Burilli Cavalini
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio Francisco de Souza Filho
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson Luiz Pinheiro Maia
- Médico Veterinário, Auditor Fiscal Agropecuário, Agência de Defesa e Inspeção Agropecuária do Estado do Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Cortez
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Santo Amaro, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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6
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Guedes IB, de Souza GO, Castro JFDP, Cavalini MB, de Souza Filho AF, Heinemann MB. Usefulness of the Ranking Technique in the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) to Predict the Most Likely Infecting Serogroup of Leptospira. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:654034. [PMID: 33748224 PMCID: PMC7965942 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.654034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) used for the serological diagnosis of leptospirosis, as a robust and inexpensive method, is still the reality in many laboratories worldwide. Both the performance and the interpretation of the MAT vary from region to region, making standardization difficult. The prediction of the probable infecting serogroup using this test is indispensable for elucidating the epidemiology of the disease; however, in veterinary medicine, many studies consider any reaction detected with a titer of 100, which may ultimately overestimate some serogroups. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the ranking technique for predicting the probable infecting serogroup identified by the MAT, eliminating cross reactions with other serogroups. Leptospira strains (12 samples) were inoculated in hamsters, and after 30 days, serology was performed by the MAT for these animals to confirm the infecting serogroup. Using the ranking technique, the probable infectious serogroup found with the MAT was the same as that in which the strains of inoculated leptospires belonged; additionally, the technique can be applied in epidemiological studies involving herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Barbosa Guedes
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Oliveira de Souza
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Fernandes de Paula Castro
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Burilli Cavalini
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio Francisco de Souza Filho
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Guedes IB, Souza GOD, Rocha KDS, Cavalini MB, Damasceno Neto MS, Castro JFDP, Souza Filho AFD, Negrão MP, Cortez A, Moraes CCGD, Heinemann MB. Leptospira strains isolated from cattle in the Amazon region, Brazil, evidence of a variety of species and serogroups with a high frequency of the Sejroe serogroup. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 74:101579. [PMID: 33246243 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In Brazil, there have been few leptospires isolated from cattle, especially in the Amazon, implying that the epidemiology of the disease in this region is still largely unclear. In a previous study, 52 Leptospira isolates were obtained from urine of cattle raised in the Brazilian Amazon and, to achieve a greater understanding of Leptospira infection in cattle of this region, the present study aimed to serologically and molecularly characterizes all these isolates. The laboratory assays used were the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) adopting a panel of polyclonal antisera against Leptospira spp. for serogrouping the isolates, DNA sequencing (secY) and multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). The isolates belonged to five species: 20/52 were identified as L. borgpetersenii (38.5 %); 18/52 as L. kirschneri (34.6 %); 9/52 as L. santarosai (17.3 %); 3/52 as L. noguchii (5.8 %) and 2/52 as L. interrogans (3.8 %). With serogrouping, nine different serogroups were detected, with a high frequency of the Sejroe serogroup. MLVA showed that all L. borgpetersenii isolates had a profile compatible with serovar Hardjo; moreover, the other isolates demonstrated a diversity of patterns, and some of them may represent strains not yet characterized. In the Brazilian Amazon, the leptospires circulating in cattle revealed the unique aspects of infections in this area which, in addition to a variety of strains, were characterized by a high frequency of the Sejroe serogroup, highlighting the serovar Hardjo, which has not been reported in other regions of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Barbosa Guedes
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Oliveira de Souza
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Katarine de Souza Rocha
- Laboratório de Zoonoses e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, PA, Brazil
| | - Matheus Burilli Cavalini
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Fernandes de Paula Castro
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio Francisco de Souza Filho
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoel Pierre Negrão
- Laboratório de Zoonoses e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, PA, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cortez
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Santo Amaro, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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8
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Alamuri A, Kumar KV, SowjanyaKumari S, Linshamol L, Sridevi R, Nagalingam M, Roy P, Balamurugan V. Expression of Recombinant Leptospiral Surface Lipoprotein-Lsa27 in E. coli and Its Evaluation for Serodiagnosis of Bovine Leptospirosis by Latex Agglutination Test. Mol Biotechnol 2020; 62:598-610. [PMID: 33006126 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-020-00278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The expressed recombinant leptospiral surface adhesion lipoprotein (Lsa27) of pathogenic Leptospira in E. coli was evaluated for the detection of Leptospira antibodies in cattle sera by latex agglutination test (LAT). The Lsa27 lacking signal peptide coding gene sequences from L. interrogans serovar Pomona was amplified (~ 660 bp) by PCR and the amplicon was cloned into pETiteN-HisKan vector. The expressed recombinant Lsa27 histidine-tagged fusion protein (rLsa27) was Ni-NTA affinity purified under denaturation followed by renaturation methods. The purified rLsa27 was characterized by SDS-PAGE and immunoblot, which confirmed the leptospiral protein with a MW of ~ 25 kDa. Further, the prepared sensitized latex beads coated with rLsa27 were evaluated as a diagnostic antigen for detection of pathogenic Leptospira antibodies by using known microscopic agglutination test (MAT) positive (n = 74) and negative (n = 62) sera for Leptospira antibodies in LAT, which revealed the relative diagnostic sensitivity of 91.89% and specificity of 87.10% against the gold standard serological test, MAT. Furthermore, on evaluation of developed rLsa27 LAT using serum samples from cattle associated with the history of abortions and reproductive disorder (n = 309), the relative sensitivity of 96.15%, and specificity of 89.11% were observed. Therefore, this rapid field test using the rLsa27 is first of its kind and it could be used as a screening test for the detection of Leptospira antibodies or it can be complemented by other diagnostics for the diagnosis /surveillance of bovine leptospirosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Alamuri
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Post Box No. 6450, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 064, India.,Jain University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K Vinod Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Post Box No. 6450, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 064, India
| | - S SowjanyaKumari
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Post Box No. 6450, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 064, India
| | - L Linshamol
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Post Box No. 6450, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 064, India
| | - R Sridevi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Post Box No. 6450, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 064, India
| | - M Nagalingam
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Post Box No. 6450, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 064, India
| | - Parimal Roy
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Post Box No. 6450, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 064, India
| | - V Balamurugan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Post Box No. 6450, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 064, India.
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Leptospira transport medium (LTM): A practical tool for leptospires isolation. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 175:105995. [PMID: 32593629 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of Leptospira is challenging, since the bacteria of this genus are susceptible to adverse environmental conditions and may not remain viable for extend periods in urine samples. This study attempted to develop and evaluate a simple and practical method to isolate leptospires from bovine urine samples. A culture medium for sample transport, named Leptospira Transport Medium (LTM), was described and validated using reference serovars of Leptospira spp. in addition to autochthonous strains isolated in Brazil. We evaluated LTM in the field, by collecting 215 urine samples from slaughtered cattle and immediately seeding them in LTM and Fletcher's medium, used as control. The cultures were sent to a laboratory within 10 days for further processing. Moreover, 16S PCR was also performed on the urine samples directly to detect Leptospira DNA. Using LTM enabled 52 isolates (24.2%) to be obtained in pure culture, and contamination was only observed in 15/215 samples (7.0%). Regarding the samples in Fletcher's medium, 10 (4.6%) isolates were obtained. With 16S PCR performed in the urine samples, 31 samples (14.4%) were determined to be positive. LTM was developed and used in a simple and practical way and can significantly improve the isolation of leptospires from urine samples, as well as being highly useful in remote areas, not only in Brazil but also in other countries where few easily accessible laboratories are available. Furthermore, LTM can be prepared by laboratories and provided to veterinarians and technicians for urine collection in the field.
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10
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Guedes IB, Oliveira de Souza G, Fernandes de Paula Castro J, de Souza Filho AF, Cavalini MB, Taniwaki SA, Maia ALP, Pereira IC, Heinemann MB. Identification of Pathogenic Leptospira Species in the Urogenital Tract of Water Buffaloes ( Bubalus bubalis) From the Amazon River Delta Region, Brazil. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:269. [PMID: 32478114 PMCID: PMC7241293 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current context of deforestation and fire in the Amazon, buffaloes could be a cost-effective and sustainable alternative for cattle production in the region, as they can convert low-quality foods and be raised in floodplain areas. However, little is known about the reproductive diseases that affect these animals; thus, the purpose of this study was to perform the molecular characterization of Leptospira spp. in the urogenital tract of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) raised in the Amazon River Delta region in Brazil. Samples were collected from 114 kidneys, 204 ovaries, and 160 uterine swabs of slaughtered buffaloes in the Macapá microregion of Amapá State (Brazil) and were subjected to PCR to detect bacterial DNA. Positive amplicons were sequenced to identify Leptospira species. Among the total samples, 11/473 were PCR positive (2.3%), including 10 kidney samples and one uterine swab sample. DNA sequencing identified two pathogenic species from the kidney samples: L. interrogans, accounting for 60.0% (6/10) of these samples, and L. borgpetersenii, accounting for 20.0% (2/10), while 20.0% (2/10) were identified only at the genus level. The bacterium in the uterine swab sample was identified as L. interrogans with genetic proximity to strains belonging to the serovar Hardjo. This is the first report of leptospires species identified in buffaloes from the Amazon River Delta region and revealed that these animals may be carriers of different pathogenic Leptospira species, similar to bovines, including showing genital colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Barbosa Guedes
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Oliveira de Souza
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Fernandes de Paula Castro
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio Francisco de Souza Filho
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Burilli Cavalini
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sueli Akemi Taniwaki
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Luiz Pinheiro Maia
- Médico Veterinário, Auditor Fiscal Agropecuário, Agência de Defesa e Inspeção Agropecuária Do Estado Do Amapá, Santana, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Guedes IB, Souza GOD, de Paula Castro JF, de Souza Filho AF, de Souza Rocha K, Gomes MET, de Moraes CCG, Heinemann MB. Development of a pooled antigen for use in the macroscopic slide agglutination test (MSAT) to detect Sejroe serogroup exposure in cattle. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 166:105737. [PMID: 31626894 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and evaluate a pooled antigen for use in the macroscopic slide agglutination test (MSAT) to detect cattle positive for the Sejroe serogroup. To this end, 193 bovine serum samples from different Pará State regions (Amazonia) were subjected to a reference microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the serological diagnosis of leptospirosis using 11 serovars representing the Sejroe serogroup: Hardjo-prajitno; Hardjo-bovis; Sejroe; Wolffi; Guaricura (Bov.G.); Guaricura (M4/98); Ricardi; Gorgas; Recreo; Polonica and Medanensis. The three most prevalent serovars in the MAT were selected for the development of a pooled antigen for use in MSAT; subsequently, the 193 serum were assessed with the macroscopic slide agglutination test (MSAT) containing the developed antigen. The Kappa test was used to determine the general agreement between the MAT and MSAT results. As a result, of the 193 serum samples, 155 (80.3%) were reactive, and 38 (19.7%) were non-reactive in the MAT; Hardjo-prajitno, Wolffi and Medanensis were the three most prevalent serovars. Of the 193 serum samples tested in the MSAT using the developed pooled antigen, 114 were reactive (59.0%), and 79 (41.0%) were non-reactive; the Kappa coefficient was 0.52 (CI 95%, 0.40-0.63), indicating moderate agreement between the two tests. The MSAT with the pooled antigen including the most prevalent serovars detected bovines with the Sejroe serogroup exposure, mainly in animals with high titters in the MAT, and could be used to screen herds suspected of acute infection by this serogroup in Pará State.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Barbosa Guedes
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Oliveira de Souza
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Fernandes de Paula Castro
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio Francisco de Souza Filho
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Katarine de Souza Rocha
- Laboratório de Zoonoses e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, PA, Brazil
| | - Maria Erika Teixeira Gomes
- Laboratório de Zoonoses e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Soares PM, Gomes DO, Macedo FP, Soares MM, Lemes KR, Jaeger LH, Lilenbaum W, Lima AMC. Serological and molecular characterization of Leptospira kirschneri serogroup Grippotyphosa isolated from bovine in Brazil. Microb Pathog 2019; 138:103803. [PMID: 31626918 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a bacterium of the genus Leptospira that affects domestic animals, including cattle. Despite of this importance in livestock, little is known about the epidemiology of leptospirosis in cattle in Brazil and other tropical countries. In this context, the objective of this study was to perform the culture of urine and kidney (n = 372 animals) of slaughtered bovines of Minas Gerais state (Brazil), in order to obtain pure cultures of Leptospira strains and carry out its characterization by serological (microscopic agglutination test) and molecular techniques (rrs, secY sequencing and variable-number tandem-repeat genotyping). One strain, named UFU 02, was obtained from a male bovine without apparent alterations in ante-mortem examination. The strain was characterized belonging to species Leptospira kirschneri and serogroup Grippotyphosa. The serogroup Grippotyphosa is most often described in wild species, suggesting a link between domestic and wild cycles/environments. Considering the importance of the country in livestock breeding, the knowledge about leptospiral strains could help to control the disease in the herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pollyanna M Soares
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Block 2D, Ceara Street, Room 33, Zip Code 38405-315, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Dayane O Gomes
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Block 2D, Ceara Street, Room 33, Zip Code 38405-315, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando P Macedo
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Block 2D, Ceara Street, Room 33, Zip Code 38405-315, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Mayara M Soares
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Block 2D, Ceara Street, Room 33, Zip Code 38405-315, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Karla R Lemes
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Block 2D, Ceara Street, Room 33, Zip Code 38405-315, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Lauren H Jaeger
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Walter Lilenbaum
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anna M C Lima
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Block 2D, Ceara Street, Room 33, Zip Code 38405-315, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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13
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Loureiro AP, Jaeger LH, Di Azevedo MIN, Miraglia F, Moreno LZ, Moreno AM, Pestana CP, Carvalho-Costa FA, Medeiros MA, Lilenbaum W. Molecular epidemiology of Leptospira noguchii reveals important insights into a One Health context. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:276-283. [PMID: 31484225 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis presents a complex and dynamic epidemiology. Bovine leptospirosis has been described as a major infectious disease impairing reproductive efficiency. Although infections by Leptospira interrogans, L. santarosai and L. borgpetersenii are frequently reported in cattle, the presence of L. noguchii in these animals should not be neglected. In this study, we describe serological (MAT) and molecular characterization (rrs and secY gene sequencing, multilocus sequence typing [MLST] and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE]) of eight L. noguchii strains obtained from slaughtered cows. Intraspecific genetic diversity was evaluated, and haplotype networks were constructed based on hosts and geographical localizations. Strains were characterized as belonging to serogroups Australis, Autumnalis and Panama, and molecular characterization showed a high heterogeneity of these strains. Ten different STs were found (including nine new STs and 39 novel alleles) as well as nine different pulsotypes. Two clonal complexes were found. Phylogenetic trees based on secY locus and concatenated MLST loci showed two main clusters, with sequences from the present study included in the first. In general, there was no relationship between the geographical origin and the secY phylogenetic clusters, as well as between secY phylogenetic clusters and serogroups. Molecular diversity indexes confirmed a high variability (H > 0.8). This high intraspecific variation observed may be related to differences in virulence, pathogenicity and antigenicity or even adaptability of the strains. In addition, haplotype networks clearly demonstrated the circulation of genotypes between humans and animals, confirming the zoonotic potential. The present study provides relevant data for the study of leptospirosis in the One Health context, where human, animal and environmental health is closely connected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Loureiro
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Lauren H Jaeger
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel N Di Azevedo
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Miraglia
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luisa Z Moreno
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea M Moreno
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane P Pestana
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Recombinante, Bio-Manguinhos, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filipe A Carvalho-Costa
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco A Medeiros
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Recombinante, Bio-Manguinhos, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walter Lilenbaum
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
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14
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Genital bovine leptospirosis: A new look for an old disease. Theriogenology 2019; 141:41-47. [PMID: 31518727 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leptospirosis is often associated with host-adapted leptospires infections, such as strains belonging to the Sejroe serogroup. Although bovine leptospirosis by adapted strains may result in abortions, fetal death, premature births and the birth of weak and/or low-weight calves, this infection is more closely associated with subtler syndromes, such as subfertility and early embryonic death. In this way, this silent disease can go unnoticed and undiagnosed, compromising reproductive efficiency with a consequent decrease in the productivity of herds over long periods. For many years, genital tract infection has been considered a secondary effect of renal infection with the assumption being that leptospires are found in the genital tract due to bacteremia caused by renal colonization. In contrast to this hypothesis, there is some evidence in the literature that suggests that genital leptospirosis should be considered a specific syndrome dissociated from renal/systemic disease. Therefore, this paper aims to gather and critically analyze information about genital leptospirosis in cattle, considering the disease a distinct syndrome, herein denominated bovine genital leptospirosis (BGL), that requires a unique approach to diagnosis and treatment.
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15
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Barbosa C, Martins G, Lilenbaum W. Infectivity and virulence of leptospiral strains of serogroup Sejroe other than Hardjo on experimentally infected hamsters. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:1129-1132. [PMID: 31359352 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the virulence of leptospires from the serogroup Sejroe (from ruminants), hamsters were tested against 12 strains. Three Guaricura strains induced severe lethal disease, in contrast to the Hardjo strains. Although with the preliminary outcomes, this finding may be useful for the control of bovine leptospirosis in the Americas, where Guaricura is prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Barbosa
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Hernani Mello, 101, 3rd floor, São Domingos, Niterói, RJ, 24210-030, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Martins
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Hernani Mello, 101, 3rd floor, São Domingos, Niterói, RJ, 24210-030, Brazil
| | - Walter Lilenbaum
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Hernani Mello, 101, 3rd floor, São Domingos, Niterói, RJ, 24210-030, Brazil.
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16
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Shiokawa K, Welcome S, Kenig M, Lim B, Rajeev S. Epidemiology of Leptospira infection in livestock species in Saint Kitts. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1645-1650. [PMID: 30877524 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01859-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study describes the prevalence of Leptospira infection and exposure in livestock species, cattle, pig, sheep, and goats in Saint Kitts in the Caribbean region. Serum and kidney samples were collected from cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats at a local abattoir between September 2016 and March 2017. Cattle had the highest seroprevalence (79.8%) followed by pigs (64.8%), sheep (39.4%), and goats (24.8%). Highest seroprevalence was observed to serovars, Mankarso in cattle, Bratislava in pigs, Hardjo in sheep, and goats. Leptospira DNA was amplified from kidney samples of 18/99 cattle (18.2%), 11/106 pigs (10.4%), 4/106 sheep (3.8%), and 2/105 goats (1.9%). Our findings warrant further studies to assess leptospirosis associated economic burden to subsistence farmers and public health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Shiokawa
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Shamara Welcome
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Michalina Kenig
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Brenda Lim
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Sreekumari Rajeev
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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17
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Guedes IB, Araújo SADA, de Souza GO, de Souza Silva SO, Taniwaki SA, Cortez A, Brandão PE, Heinemann MB. Circulating Leptospira species identified in cattle of the Brazilian Amazon. Acta Trop 2019; 191:212-216. [PMID: 30639452 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to detect the most prevalent serogroups and circulating Leptospira species in cows from Brazilian Amazon. Samples of blood serum, urine and kidney of 208 animals were collected at a municipal slaughterhouse in the Baixo Tocantins region of Pará State, Northern Brazil. The tests used were microscopic agglutination test (MAT), bacteriological isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. The frequency of MAT-reactive cows was 46.6% (97/208) with titers ranging from 100 to 3200, being Sejroe serogroup the most prevalent. There was no Leptospira isolation, but the DNA of bacterium was detected in 5.8% (12/208) of the kidney and in 14.9% (31/208) of the urine samples. DNA sequencing was performed directly from PCR products of 30 samples (3 kidneys and 27 urines), with identification of four different species: L. borgpetersenii with 56.7% (17/30), followed by L. kirschneri with 13.3% (4/30), L. interrogans with 6.7% (2/30), L. santarosai with 3.3% (1/30), and 20.0% (6/30) of samples were identified only at the genus level. These results reveal a diversity and peculiarity for bovine leptospirosis in the Amazon region, mainly due to the low frequency of L. santarosai and more surprising, the presence of L. kirschneri, differently of what is observed in other regions of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Barbosa Guedes
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Gisele Oliveira de Souza
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sheila Oliveira de Souza Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sueli Akemi Taniwaki
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cortez
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Santo Amaro, UNISA, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo Brandão
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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18
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Abstract
Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease determined by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. The control of bovine leptospirosis involves several measures including antibiotic treatment of carriers. Despite its importance, few studies regarding antimicrobial susceptibility of strains from bovine origin have been conducted. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility of Leptospira strains obtained from cattle in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, against the main antibiotics used in bovine veterinary practice. A total of 23 Leptospira spp. strains were investigated for minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) using broth macrodilution. At the species level, there were not differences in MIC susceptibility except for tetracycline (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, at the serogroup level, differences in MIC were observed among Sejroe strains, mainly for ceftiofur, doxycycline and in MBC for streptomycin (P < 0.05). One strain presented MBC values above maximum plasmatic concentration described for streptomycin and was classified as presenting reduced susceptibility. Efficacy of antimicrobial therapy on bovine leptospirosis could be compromised due to occurrence of infection by Leptospira strains presenting reduced susceptibility.
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19
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Jaeger L, Loureiro A, Lilenbaum W. VNTR analysis demonstrates new patterns and high genetic diversity of Leptospira
sp. of animal origin in Brazil. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 67:183-189. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L.H. Jaeger
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Niterói Brazil
| | - A.P. Loureiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Niterói Brazil
| | - W. Lilenbaum
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Niterói Brazil
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20
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Nally JE, Hornsby RL, Alt DP, Bayles D, Wilson-Welder JH, Palmquist DE, Bauer NE. Isolation and characterization of pathogenic leptospires associated with cattle. Vet Microbiol 2018; 218:25-30. [PMID: 29685217 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic leptospires colonize the renal tubules of reservoir hosts of infection, including cattle, and are excreted via urine. In order to identify circulating serovars of pathogenic leptospires in beef cattle, and their associated rates of urinary excretion, a cross sectional study was performed. Fifty urine samples were collected one day each month over 12 consecutive months (N = 600), directly from the bladder of beef cattle at a single slaughter facility and assessed for the presence of leptospires by culture and the fluorescent antibody test (FAT). Where possible, a matched serum sample was also collected for the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Forty-three urine samples were either culture positive or FAT positive, indicating that 7.2% of sampled beef cattle were actively excreting leptospires in urine. Twenty-three urine samples were culture positive. Sequence analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA and secY indicated that all isolates were Leptospira borgpetersenii. Typing by serology indicated that all isolates were serogroup Sejroe. An overall seroprevalence of 20% (MAT ≥ 1:25) was determined; positive bovine sera was most reactive to serogroup Sejroe (serovar Hardjo) (8.1%), and serogroup Australis (serovar Bratislava) (6.7%). There was poor correlation between seroprevalence and excretion of leptospires since 18/43 (41.9%) cattle, which were positive by culture or FAT, were seronegative. The virulence of two selected isolates of L. borgpetersenii was confirmed by experimental infection in small animal models of infection. Results confirm that L. borgpetesenii continues to circulate in beef cattle and that multiple diagnostic assays are required to detect active shedding. These findings also highlight beef cattle as a reservoir host for the potential zoonotic transmission of leptospires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarlath E Nally
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Richard L Hornsby
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - David P Alt
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Darrell Bayles
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jennifer H Wilson-Welder
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Debra E Palmquist
- USDA/ARS-Midwest Area Statistics Unit, 1815 N. Street, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Nathan E Bauer
- Office of Public Health Science, USDA, Food Safety and Inspection Service, College Station, TX, USA
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