1
|
Scachetti GC, Forato J, Claro IM, Hua X, Salgado BB, Vieira A, Simeoni CL, Barbosa ARC, Rosa IL, de Souza GF, Fernandes LCN, de Sena ACH, Oliveira SC, Singh CML, de Lima ST, de Jesus R, Costa MA, Kato RB, Rocha JF, Santos LC, Rodrigues JT, Cunha MP, Sabino EC, Faria NR, Weaver SC, Romano CM, Lalwani P, Proença-Módena JL, de Souza WM. Reemergence of Oropouche virus between 2023 and 2024 in Brazil. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.07.27.24310296. [PMID: 39132482 PMCID: PMC11312653 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.27.24310296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Background Oropouche virus (OROV; species Orthobunyavirus oropoucheense) is an arthropod-borne virus that has caused outbreaks of Oropouche fever in Central and South America since the 1950s. This study investigates virological factors contributing to the reemergence of Oropouche fever in Brazil between 2023 and 2024. Methods In this study, we combined OROV genomic, molecular, and serological data from Brazil from 1 January 2015 to 29 June 2024, along with in vitro and in vivo characterization. Molecular screening data included 93 patients with febrile illness between January 2023 and February 2024 from the Amazonas State. Genomic data comprised two genomic OROV sequences from patients. Serological data were obtained from neutralizing antibody tests comparing the prototype OROV strain BeAn 19991 and the 2024 epidemic strain. Epidemiological data included aggregated cases reported to the Brazilian Ministry of Health from 1 January 2014 to 29 June 2024. Findings In 2024, autochthonous OROV infections were detected in previously non-endemic areas across all five Brazilian regions. Cases were reported in 19 of 27 federal units, with 83.2% (6,895 of 8,284) of infections in Northern Brazil and a nearly 200-fold increase in incidence compared to reported cases over the last decade. We detected OROV RNA in 10.8% (10 of 93) of patients with febrile illness between December 2023 and May 2024 in Amazonas. We demonstrate that the 2023-2024 epidemic was caused by a novel OROV reassortant that replicated approximately 100-fold higher titers in mammalian cells compared to the prototype strain. The 2023-2024 OROV reassortant displayed plaques earlier than the prototype, produced 1.7 times more plaques, and plaque sizes were 2.5 larger compared to the prototype. Furthermore, serum collected in 2016 from previously OROV-infected individuals showed at least a 32-fold reduction in neutralizing capacity against the reassortment strain compared to the prototype. Interpretation These findings provide a comprehensive assessment of Oropouche fever in Brazil and contribute to a better understanding of the 2023-2024 OROV reemergence. The recent increased incidence may be related to a higher replication efficiency of a new reassortant virus that also evades previous immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel C. Scachetti
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Julia Forato
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ingra M. Claro
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Xinyi Hua
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Bárbara B. Salgado
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Aline Vieira
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Camila L. Simeoni
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Aguyda R. C. Barbosa
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Italo L. Rosa
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Gabriela F. de Souza
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luana C. N. Fernandes
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ana Carla H. de Sena
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Stephanne C. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Carolina M. L. Singh
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Shirlene T. de Lima
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo de Jesus
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana A. Costa
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B. Kato
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marielton P. Cunha
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ester C. Sabino
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nuno R. Faria
- Departamento de de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Scott C. Weaver
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | - Camila M. Romano
- Departamento de de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pritesh Lalwani
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Proença-Módena
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - William M. de Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Liu X, Wu Z, Feng S, Lu K, Zhu W, Sun H, Niu G. Oropouche virus: A neglected global arboviral threat. Virus Res 2024; 341:199318. [PMID: 38224842 PMCID: PMC10827532 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The Oropouche virus is an important arthropod-borne virus in the Peribunyaviridae family that can cause febrile illnesses, and it is widely distributed in tropical regions such as Central and South America. Since the virus was first identified, a large number of related cases are reported every year. No deaths have been reported to date, however, the virus can cause systemic infections, including the nervous and blood systems, leading to serious complications. The transmission of Oropouche virus occurs through both urban and sylvatic cycles, with the anthropophilic biting midge Culicoides paraensis serving as the primary vector in urban areas. Direct human-to-human transmission of Oropouche virus has not been observed. Oropouche virus consists of three segments, and the proteins encoded by the different segments enables the virus to replicate efficiently in the host and to resist the host's immune response. Phylogenetic analyses showed that Oropouche virus sequences are geographically distinct and have closer homologies with Iquitos virus and Perdoes virus, which belong to the family Peribunyaviridae. Despite the enormous threat it poses to public health, there are currently no licensed vaccines or specific antiviral treatments for the disease it causes. Recent studies have utilised imJatobal virusmunoinformatics approaches to develop epitope-based peptide vaccines, which have laid the groundwork for the clinical use of vaccines. The present review focuses on the structure, epidemiology, immunity and phylogeny of Oropouche virus, as well as the progress of vaccine development, thereby attracting wider attention and research, particularly with regard to potential vaccine programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Zhang
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Shuo Feng
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Ke Lu
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Wenbing Zhu
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Hengyi Sun
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| | - Guoyu Niu
- Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| |
Collapse
|