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Mohammad Mehdipour N, Rajeev A, Kumar H, Kim K, Shor RJ, Natale G. Anisotropic hydrogel scaffold by flow-induced stereolithography 3D printing technique. Biomater Adv 2024; 161:213885. [PMID: 38743993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Essential organs, such as the heart and liver, contain a unique porous network that allows oxygen and nutrients to be exchanged, with distinct random to ordered regions displaying varying degrees of strength. A novel technique, referred to here as flow-induced lithography, was developed. This technique generates tunable anisotropic three-dimensional (3D) structures. The ink for this bioprinting technique was made of titanium dioxide nanorods (Ti) and kaolinite nanoclay (KLT) dispersed in a GelMA/PEGDA polymeric suspension. By controlling the flow rate, aligned particle microstructures were achieved in the suspensions. The application of UV light to trigger the polymerization of the photoactive prepolymer freezes the oriented particles in the polymer network. Because the viability test was successful in shearing suspensions containing cells, the flow-induced lithography technique can be used with both acellular scaffolds and cell-laden structures. Fabricated hydrogels show outstanding mechanical properties resembling human tissues, as well as significant cell viability (> 95 %) over one week. As a result of this technique and the introduction of bio-ink, a novel approach has been pioneered for developing anisotropic tissue implants utilizing low-viscosity biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Mohammad Mehdipour
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ashna Rajeev
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hitendra Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Keekyoung Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Roman J Shor
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Giovanniantonio Natale
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Addario G, Eussen D, Djudjaj S, Boor P, Moroni L, Mota C. 3D Printed Tubulointerstitium Chip as an In Vitro Testing Platform. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300440. [PMID: 37997523 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) ranks as the twelfth leading cause of death worldwide with limited treatment options. The development of in vitro models replicating defined segments of the kidney functional units, the nephrons, in a physiologically relevant and reproducible manner can facilitate drug testing. The aim of this study was to produce an in vitro organ-on-a-chip platform with extrusion-based three-dimensional (3D) printing. The manufacturing of the tubular platform was produced by printing sacrificial fibers with varying diameters, providing a suitable structure for cell adhesion and proliferation. The chip platform was seeded with primary murine tubular epithelial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The effect of channel geometry, its reproducibility, coatings for cell adhesion, and specific cell markers were investigated. The developed chip presents single and dual channels, mimicking segments of a renal tubule and the capillary network, together with an extracellular matrix gel analogue placed in the middle of the two channels, envisioning the renal tubulointerstitium in vitro. The 3D printed platform enables perfusable circular cross-section channels with fully automated, rapid, and reproducible manufacturing processes at low costs. This kidney tubulointerstitium on-a-chip provides the first step toward the production of more complex in vitro models for drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Addario
- Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Eussen
- Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Djudjaj
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH University of Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH University of Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Division of Nephrology, RWTH University of Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH University of Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Mota
- Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
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She W, Shen C, Ying Y, Meng Q. Fabrication of sac-like hydrogel membranes for replicating curved tissue barriers on chips. Lab Chip 2023; 24:85-96. [PMID: 38018218 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00807j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Current organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems cannot mimic in vivo tissue barriers that feature curved geometries and rhythmic movement. This is due to the lack of a relevant membrane that can reproduce the natural biochemical and physical properties of a basement membrane, especially the characteristic sac-like structure possessed by multiple tissue barriers. To address this challenge, a sac-like hydrogel membrane is fabricated here using a one-step simple methodology inspired by soap bubble formation. Di-acrylated Pluronic® F127 (F127-DA) is a hydrogel that exhibits excellent mechanical properties, stably withstanding rhythmic mechanical stretching and fluid flow for at least 24 h. Using this hydrogel to make a membrane, a complex lung-on-a-chip device is successfully constructed, effectively replicating the alveolar-capillary barrier and demonstrating cellular function under physiological respiratory conditions. This membrane offers a crucial platform for replicating sac-like tissue barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi She
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China.
| | - Chong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China.
| | - Yinghua Ying
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Qin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China.
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Xu Y, Liu J, Song W, Wang Q, Sun X, Zhao Q, Huang Y, Li H, Peng Y, Yuan J, Ji B, Ren L. Biomimetic Convex Implant for Corneal Regeneration Through 3D Printing. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2205878. [PMID: 36775872 PMCID: PMC10104657 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Blindness caused by corneal damage affects millions of people worldwide, and this number continues to rise. However, rapid epithelization and a stable epithelium process are the two biggest challenges for traditional corneal materials. These processes are related to corneal curvature, which is an important factor in determination of the corneal healing process and epithelial behavior during corneal damage. In this study, smooth 3D-printed convex corneal implants based on gelatin methacrylate and collagen are generated. As epithelium distribution and adhesion vary in different regions of the natural cornea, this work separates the surfaces into four regions and studies how cells sense topological cues on curvature. It is found that rabbit corneal epithelial cells (RCECs) seeded on steeper slope gradient surfaces on convex structures result in more aligned cell organization and tighter cell-substrate adhesion, which can also be verified through finite element simulation and signaling pathway analysis. In vivo transplantation of convex implants result in a better fit with adjacent tissue and stronger cell adhesion than flat implants, thereby accelerating corneal epithelialization and promoting collagen fibers and neural regeneration within 180 days. Taken together, printed convex corneal implants that facilitate corneal regeneration may offer a translational strategy for the treatment of corneal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingni Xu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionKey Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of EducationInnovation Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionKey Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of EducationInnovation Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Song
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionKey Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of EducationInnovation Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Qianchun Wang
- Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhou325001P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionKey Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of EducationInnovation Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionKey Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of EducationInnovation Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Yongrui Huang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionKey Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of EducationInnovation Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Haochen Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionKey Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of EducationInnovation Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Yuehai Peng
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionKey Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of EducationInnovation Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006P. R. China
- Guangzhou Proud Seeing Biotechnology Co., LtdGuangzhou510320P. R. China
| | - Jin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510623P. R. China
| | - Baohua Ji
- Institute of Biomechanics and Applications, Department of Engineering MechanicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
| | - Li Ren
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionKey Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of EducationInnovation Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006P. R. China
- Bioland LaboratoryGuangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangzhou510005P. R. China
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Zhang H, Xu H, Sun W, Fang X, Qin P, Huang J, Fang J, Lin F, Xiong C. Purse-string contraction guides mechanical gradient-dictated heterogeneous migration of epithelial monolayer. Acta Biomater 2023; 159:38-48. [PMID: 36708850 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical heterogeneity has been recognized as an important role in mediating collective cell migration, yet the related mechanism has not been elucidated. Herein, we fabricate heterogeneous stiffness gradients by leveraging microelastically-patterned hydrogels with varying periodic distance. We observe that a decrease in the periodic distance of the mechanical heterogeneity is accompanied by an overall increase in the velocity and directionality of the migrating monolayer. Moreover, inhibition of ROCK- and myosin ⅡA- but not Rac1-mediated contraction reduces monolayer migration on the mechanically heterogeneous substrates. Furthermore, we find that F-actin and myosin ⅡA form purse-string at the leading edge on the mechanically heterogeneous substrates. Together, these findings not only show that the orientational cell-cell contraction promotes collective cell migration under the mechanical heterogeneity, but also demonstrate that the mechanosensation arising from large-scale cell-cell interactions through purse-string formation mediated cell-cell orientational contraction can feed back to regulate the reorganization of epithelial tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: By detecting the links between heterogenous rigidity and collective cell migration behavior at the molecular level, we reveal that collective cell migration in the mechanical heterogeneity is driven by ROCK- and myosin-ⅡA-dependent cytoskeletal tension. We confirm that cytoskeletal tension across the epithelial tissue is holistically linked through F-actin and myosin-ⅡA, which cooperate to form purse-string structures for modulating collective tissue behavior on the exogenous matrix with mechanical heterogeneity. Mechanical heterogeneity initiates tissue growth, remodelling, and morphogenesis by orientating cell contractility. Therefore, tensional homeostasis across large-scale cell interactions appears to be necessary and sufficient to trigger collective tissue behavior. Overall, these findings shed light on the role of mechanical heterogeneity in tissue microenvironment for reorganization and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Zhang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518005, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weihao Sun
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Xu Fang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peiwu Qin
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518005, China
| | - Jianyong Huang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
| | - Chunyang Xiong
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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6
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Schamberger B, Ziege R, Anselme K, Ben Amar M, Bykowski M, Castro APG, Cipitria A, Coles RA, Dimova R, Eder M, Ehrig S, Escudero LM, Evans ME, Fernandes PR, Fratzl P, Geris L, Gierlinger N, Hannezo E, Iglič A, Kirkensgaard JJK, Kollmannsberger P, Kowalewska Ł, Kurniawan NA, Papantoniou I, Pieuchot L, Pires THV, Renner LD, Sageman-Furnas AO, Schröder-Turk GE, Sengupta A, Sharma VR, Tagua A, Tomba C, Trepat X, Waters SL, Yeo EF, Roschger A, Bidan CM, Dunlop JWC. Curvature in Biological Systems: Its Quantification, Emergence, and Implications across the Scales. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2206110. [PMID: 36461812 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Surface curvature both emerges from, and influences the behavior of, living objects at length scales ranging from cell membranes to single cells to tissues and organs. The relevance of surface curvature in biology is supported by numerous experimental and theoretical investigations in recent years. In this review, first, a brief introduction to the key ideas of surface curvature in the context of biological systems is given and the challenges that arise when measuring surface curvature are discussed. Giving an overview of the emergence of curvature in biological systems, its significance at different length scales becomes apparent. On the other hand, summarizing current findings also shows that both single cells and entire cell sheets, tissues or organisms respond to curvature by modulating their shape and their migration behavior. Finally, the interplay between the distribution of morphogens or micro-organisms and the emergence of curvature across length scales is addressed with examples demonstrating these key mechanistic principles of morphogenesis. Overall, this review highlights that curved interfaces are not merely a passive by-product of the chemical, biological, and mechanical processes but that curvature acts also as a signal that co-determines these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schamberger
- Department of the Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ricardo Ziege
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Karine Anselme
- IS2M (CNRS - UMR 7361), Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Martine Ben Amar
- Department of Physics, Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Michał Bykowski
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - André P G Castro
- IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
- ESTS, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2914-761, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Amaia Cipitria
- IS2M (CNRS - UMR 7361), Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
- Group of Bioengineering in Regeneration and Cancer, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rhoslyn A Coles
- Cluster of Excellence, Matters of Activity, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michaela Eder
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ehrig
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luis M Escudero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Myfanwy E Evans
- Institute for Mathematics, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paulo R Fernandes
- IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA In Silico Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Notburga Gierlinger
- Institute of Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (Boku), 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edouard Hannezo
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jacob J K Kirkensgaard
- Condensed Matter Physics, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, København Ø, Denmark
- Ingredients and Dairy Technology, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Philip Kollmannsberger
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nicholas A Kurniawan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ioannis Papantoniou
- Prometheus Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Stadiou Str., 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Laurent Pieuchot
- IS2M (CNRS - UMR 7361), Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tiago H V Pires
- IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lars D Renner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research and the Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Gerd E Schröder-Turk
- School of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Anupam Sengupta
- Physics of Living Matter, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511, Luxembourg City, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Vikas R Sharma
- Department of the Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Antonio Tagua
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Caterina Tomba
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Xavier Trepat
- ICREA at the Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah L Waters
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, OX2 6GG, Oxford, UK
| | - Edwina F Yeo
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, OX2 6GG, Oxford, UK
| | - Andreas Roschger
- Department of the Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Cécile M Bidan
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - John W C Dunlop
- Department of the Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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Tholen LE, Latta F, Martens JHA, Hoenderop JGJ, de Baaij JHF. Transcription factor HNF1β controls a transcriptional network regulating kidney cell structure and tight junction integrity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F211-F224. [PMID: 36546837 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00199.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)1β gene (HNF1B) cause autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease, a rare and heterogeneous disease characterized by renal cysts and/or malformation, maturity-onset diabetes of the young, hypomagnesemia, and hypokalemia. The electrolyte disturbances may develop in the distal part of the nephron, which is important for fine-tuning of Mg2+ and Ca2+ reabsorption. Therefore, we aimed to study the transcriptional network directed by HNF1β in the distal part of the nephron. We combined HNF1β chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing and mRNA expression data to identify direct targets of HNF1β in a renal distal convoluted tubule cell line (mpkDCT). Gene Ontology term pathway analysis demonstrated enrichment of cell polarity, cell-cell junction, and cytoskeleton pathways in the dataset. Genes directly and indirectly regulated by HNF1β within these pathways included members of the apical and basolateral polarity complexes including Crumbs protein homolog 3 (Crb3), partitioning defective 6 homolog-β (Pard6b), and LLGL Scribble cell polarity complex component 2 (Llgl2). In monolayers of mouse inner medullary collecting duct 3 cells expressing dominant negative Hnf1b, tight junction integrity was compromised, as observed by reduced transepithelial electrical resistance values and increased permeability for fluorescein (0.4 kDa) compared with wild-type cells. Expression of dominant negative Hnf1b also led to a decrease in height (30%) and an increase in surface (58.5%) of cells grown on membranes. Moreover, three-dimensional spheroids formed by cells expressing dominant negative Hnf1b were reduced in size compared with wild-type spheroids (30%). Together, these findings demonstrate that HNF1β directs a transcriptional network regulating tight junction integrity and cell structure in the distal part of the nephron.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Genetic defects in transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)1β cause a heterogeneous disease characterized by electrolyte disturbances, kidney cysts, and diabetes. By combining RNA-sequencing and HNF1β chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing data, we identified new HNF1β targets that were enriched for cell polarity pathways. Newly discovered targets included members of polarity complexes Crb3, Pard6b, and Llgl2. Functional assays in kidney epithelial cells demonstrated decreased tight junction integrity and a loss of typical cuboidal morphology in mutant Hnf1b cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte E Tholen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Latta
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost G J Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H F de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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Rudolph SE, Longo BN, Tse MW, Houchin MR, Shokoufandeh MM, Chen Y, Kaplan DL. Crypt-Villus Scaffold Architecture for Bioengineering Functional Human Intestinal Epithelium. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4942-4955. [PMID: 36191009 PMCID: PMC10379436 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Crypt-villus architecture in the small intestine is crucial for the structural integrity of the intestinal epithelium and maintenance of gut homeostasis. We utilized three-dimensional (3D) printing and inverse molding techniques to form three-dimensional (3D) spongy scaffold systems that resemble the intestinal crypt-villus microarchitecture. The scaffolds consist of silk fibroin protein with curved lumens with rows of protruding villi with invaginating crypts to generate the architecture. Intestinal cell (Caco-2, HT29-MTX) attachment and growth, as well as long-term culture support were demonstrated with cell polarization and tissue barrier properties compared to two-dimensional (2D) Transwell culture controls. Further, physiologically relevant oxygen gradients were generated in the 3D system. The various advantages of this system may be ascribed to the more physiologically relevant 3D environment, offering a system for the exploration of disease pathogenesis, host-microbiome interactions, and therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Rudolph
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Brooke N Longo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Megan W Tse
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Megan R Houchin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Mina M Shokoufandeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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9
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Glentis A, Blanch-Mercader C, Balasubramaniam L, Saw TB, d’Alessandro J, Janel S, Douanier A, Delaval B, Lafont F, Lim CT, Delacour D, Prost J, Xi W, Ladoux B. The emergence of spontaneous coordinated epithelial rotation on cylindrical curved surfaces. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabn5406. [PMID: 36103541 PMCID: PMC9473582 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional collective epithelial rotation around a given axis represents a coordinated cellular movement driving tissue morphogenesis and transformation. Questions regarding these behaviors and their relationship with substrate curvatures are intimately linked to spontaneous active matter processes and to vital morphogenetic and embryonic processes. Here, using interdisciplinary approaches, we study the dynamics of epithelial layers lining different cylindrical surfaces. We observe large-scale, persistent, and circumferential rotation in both concavely and convexly curved cylindrical tissues. While epithelia of inverse curvature show an orthogonal switch in actomyosin network orientation and opposite apicobasal polarities, their rotational movements emerge and vary similarly within a common curvature window. We further reveal that this persisting rotation requires stable cell-cell adhesion and Rac-1-dependent cell polarity. Using an active polar gel model, we unveil the different relationships of collective cell polarity and actin alignment with curvatures, which lead to coordinated rotational behavior despite the inverted curvature and cytoskeleton order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Glentis
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Carles Blanch-Mercader
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, UMR 168, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Thuan Beng Saw
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | | | - Sebastien Janel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | | | - Frank Lafont
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019–UMR 9017–CIIL–Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Delphine Delacour
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jacques Prost
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, UMR 168, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Wang Xi
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Ladoux
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
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10
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Wang D, Gust M, Ferrell N. Kidney-on-a-Chip: Mechanical Stimulation and Sensor Integration. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:6889. [PMID: 36146238 PMCID: PMC9503911 DOI: 10.3390/s22186889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioengineered in vitro models of the kidney offer unprecedented opportunities to better mimic the in vivo microenvironment. Kidney-on-a-chip technology reproduces 2D or 3D features which can replicate features of the tissue architecture, composition, and dynamic mechanical forces experienced by cells in vivo. Kidney cells are exposed to mechanical stimuli such as substrate stiffness, shear stress, compression, and stretch, which regulate multiple cellular functions. Incorporating mechanical stimuli in kidney-on-a-chip is critically important for recapitulating the physiological or pathological microenvironment. This review will explore approaches to applying mechanical stimuli to different cell types using kidney-on-a-chip models and how these systems are used to study kidney physiology, model disease, and screen for drug toxicity. We further discuss sensor integration into kidney-on-a-chip for monitoring cellular responses to mechanical or other pathological stimuli. We discuss the advantages, limitations, and challenges associated with incorporating mechanical stimuli in kidney-on-a-chip models for a variety of applications. Overall, this review aims to highlight the importance of mechanical stimuli and sensor integration in the design and implementation of kidney-on-a-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Matthew Gust
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nicholas Ferrell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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11
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Abstract
Cell monolayers are a central model system in the study of tissue biophysics. In vivo, epithelial tissues are curved on the scale of microns, and the curvature's role in the onset of spontaneous tissue flows is still not well understood. Here, we present a hydrodynamic theory for an apical-basal asymmetric active nematic gel on a curved strip. We show that surface curvature qualitatively changes monolayer motion compared with flat space: the resulting flows can be thresholdless, and the transition to motion may change from continuous to discontinuous. Surface curvature, friction, and active tractions are all shown to control the flow pattern selected, from simple shear to vortex chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bell
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, UMR 168, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Shao-Zhen Lin
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, Centre de Physique Théorique, Turing Center for Living Systems, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-François Rupprecht
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, Centre de Physique Théorique, Turing Center for Living Systems, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Prost
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, UMR 168, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore
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12
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Genderen AMV, G Valverde M, Capendale PE, Kersten V, Sendino Garví E, Schuurmans CCL, Ruelas M, Soeiro JT, Tang G, Janssen MJ, Jansen J, Mihăilă SM, Vermonden T, Zhang YS, Masereeuw R. Co-axial Printing of Convoluted Proximal Tubule for Kidney Disease Modeling. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35700695 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac7895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing incidence of kidney-related diseases, we are still far from understanding the underlying mechanisms of these diseases and their progression. This lack of understanding is partly because of a poor replication of the diseases in vitro, limited to planar culture. Advancing towards three-dimensional models, hereby we propose coaxial printing to obtain microfibers containing a helical hollow microchannel. These recapitulate the architecture of the proximal tubule (PT), an important nephron segment often affected in kidney disorders. A stable gelatin/alginate-based ink was formulated to allow printability while maintaining structural properties. Fine tuning of the composition, printing temperature and extrusion rate allowed for optimal ink viscosity that led to coiling of the microfiber's inner channel. The printed microfibers exhibited prolonged structural stability (42 days) and cytocompatibility in culture. Healthy conditionally immortalized PT epithelial cells and a knockout cell model for cystinosis (CTNS-/-) were seeded to mimic two genotypes of PT. Upon culturing for 14 days, engineered PT showed homogenous cytoskeleton organization as indicated by staining for filamentous actin, barrier-formation and polarization with apical marker α-tubulin and basolateral marker Na+/K+-ATPase. Cell viability was slightly decreased upon prolonged culturing for 14 days, which was more pronounced inCTNS-/-microfibers. Finally, cystinosis cells showed reduced apical transport activity in the microfibers compared to healthy PT epithelial cells when looking at breast cancer resistance protein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 4. Engineered PT incorporated in a custom-designed microfluidic chip allowed to assess leak-tightness of the epithelium, which appeared less tight in cystinosis PT compared to healthy PT, in agreement with its in vivo phenotype. While we are still on the verge of patient-oriented medicine, this system holds great promise for further research in establishing advanced in vitro disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Metje van Genderen
- Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, NETHERLANDS
| | - Marta G Valverde
- Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, NETHERLANDS
| | - Pamela E Capendale
- Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, NETHERLANDS
| | - Valerie Kersten
- Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, NETHERLANDS
| | - Elena Sendino Garví
- Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, NETHERLANDS
| | - Carl C L Schuurmans
- Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, NETHERLANDS
| | - Marina Ruelas
- Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, UNITED STATES
| | - Joana T Soeiro
- Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, NETHERLANDS
| | - Guosheng Tang
- Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, UNITED STATES
| | - Manoe J Janssen
- Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, NETHERLANDS
| | - Jitske Jansen
- Pathology and Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, -, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, NETHERLANDS
| | - Silvia M Mihăilă
- Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, NETHERLANDS
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiteit Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, NETHERLANDS
| | - Y Shrike Zhang
- Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, UNITED STATES
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, NETHERLANDS
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13
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Sendino Garví E, Masereeuw R, Janssen MJ. Bioengineered Cystinotic Kidney Tubules Recapitulate a Nephropathic Phenotype. Cells 2022; 11:177. [PMID: 35011739 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephropathic cystinosis is a rare and severe disease caused by disruptions in the CTNS gene. Cystinosis is characterized by lysosomal cystine accumulation, vesicle trafficking impairment, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Additionally, cystinotic patients exhibit weakening and leakage of the proximal tubular segment of the nephrons, leading to renal Fanconi syndrome and kidney failure early in life. Current in vitro cystinotic models cannot recapitulate all clinical features of the disease which limits their translational value. Therefore, the development of novel, complex in vitro models that better mimic the disease and exhibit characteristics not compatible with 2-dimensional cell culture is of crucial importance for novel therapies development. In this study, we developed a 3-dimensional bioengineered model of nephropathic cystinosis by culturing conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cells (ciPTECs) on hollow fiber membranes (HFM). Cystinotic kidney tubules showed lysosomal cystine accumulation, increased autophagy and vesicle trafficking deterioration, the impairment of several metabolic pathways, and the disruption of the epithelial monolayer tightness as compared to control kidney tubules. In particular, the loss of monolayer organization and leakage could be mimicked with the use of the cystinotic kidney tubules, which has not been possible before, using the standard 2-dimensional cell culture. Overall, bioengineered cystinotic kidney tubules recapitulate better the nephropathic phenotype at a molecular, structural, and functional proximal tubule level compared to 2-dimensional cell cultures.
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14
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Rifai A, Tran N, Leitch V, Booth MA, Williams R, Fox K. Osteoblast Cell Response on Polycrystalline Diamond-Coated Additively Manufactured Scaffolds. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2021; 4:7509-7516. [PMID: 35006692 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing of metals using selective laser melting can create customized parts with various degrees of complexity and geometry for medical implants. However, challenges remain in accepting orthopedic implants due to the bio-inert surface of metal scaffolds, resulting in a lack of osseointegration. Here, we show that polycrystalline diamond (PCD) coatings on selective laser melted titanium (SLM-Ti) scaffolds can improve the cell-to-material interaction of osteoblasts. The results show that by controlling the uniformity of the diamond coatings, we can mediate the biological response of osteoblasts, such as cell adhesion, proliferation, and spreading. The osteoblasts show favorable cell adhesion and spreading on non-planar PCD-coated scaffolds compared to the un-coated SLM-Ti scaffold. This study plays an important role in understanding the key physicochemical behavior of bone cell growth on customized orthopedic implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaqil Rifai
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.,School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Nhiem Tran
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Victoria Leitch
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Marsilea A Booth
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Richard Williams
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Kate Fox
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.,Centre for Additive Manufacturing, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
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15
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Berg IC, Mohagheghian E, Habing K, Wang N, Underhill GH. Microtissue Geometry and Cell-Generated Forces Drive Patterning of Liver Progenitor Cell Differentiation in 3D. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100223. [PMID: 33890430 PMCID: PMC8222189 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
3D microenvironments provide a unique opportunity to investigate the impact of intrinsic mechanical signaling on progenitor cell differentiation. Using a hydrogel-based microwell platform, arrays of 3D, multicellular microtissues in constrained geometries, including toroids and cylinders are produced. These generated distinct mechanical profiles to investigate the impact of geometry and stress on early liver progenitor cell fate using a model liver development system. Image segmentation allows the tracking of individual cell fate and the characterization of distinct patterning of hepatocytic makers to the outer shell of the microtissues, and the exclusion from the inner diameter surface of the toroids. Biliary markers are distributed throughout the interior regions of micropatterned tissues and are increased in toroidal tissues when compared with those in cylindrical tissues. Finite element models of predicted stress distributions, combined with mechanical measurements, demonstrates that intercellular tension correlates with increased hepatocytic fate, while compression correlates with decreased hepatocytic and increased biliary fate. This system, which integrates microfabrication, imaging, mechanical modeling, and quantitative analysis, demonstrates how microtissue geometry can drive patterning of mechanical stresses that regulate cell differentiation trajectories. This approach may serve as a platform for further investigation of signaling mechanisms in the liver and other developmental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C. Berg
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Bioengineering, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC-278, 1406 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Erfan Mohagheghian
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Building, 1206 W. Green St. MC 244, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Krista Habing
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Bioengineering, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC-278, 1406 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Building, 1206 W. Green St. MC 244, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Gregory H. Underhill
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Bioengineering, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC-278, 1406 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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16
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Cao X, Liu X, Liu Y, Ma R, Sun S. The effect of curvature on chondrocytes migration and bone mesenchymal stem cells differentiation. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Cao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Xiangli Liu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Aerospace Detection and Imaging, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Rui Ma
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Shichang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
- Research Center for Water Science and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
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17
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Khan H, Beck C, Kunze A. Multi-curvature micropatterns unveil distinct calcium and mitochondrial dynamics in neuronal networks. Lab Chip 2021; 21:1164-1174. [PMID: 33543185 PMCID: PMC7990709 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01205j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tangential curvatures are a key geometric feature of tissue folds in the human cerebral cortex. In the brain, these smoother and firmer bends are called gyri and sulci and form distinctive curved tissue patterns imposing a mechanical stimulus on neuronal networks. This stimulus is hypothesized to be essential for proper brain cell function but lacks in most standard neuronal cell assays. A variety of soft lithographic micropatterning techniques can be used to integrate round geometries in cell assays. Most microfabricated patterns, however, focus only on a small set of defined curvatures. In contrast, curvatures in the brain span a wide physical range, leaving it unknown which precise role distinct curvatures may play on neuronal cell signaling. Here we report a hydrogel-based multi-curvature design consisting of over twenty bands of distinct parallel curvature ranges to precisely engineer neuronal networks' growth and signaling under patterns of arcs. Monitoring calcium and mitochondrial dynamics in primary rodent neurons grown over two weeks in the multi-curvature patterns, we found that static calcium signaling was locally attenuated under higher curvatures (k > 0.01 μm-1). In contrast, to randomize growth, transient calcium signaling showed higher synchronicity when neurons formed networks in confined multi-curvature patterns. Additionally, we found that mitochondria showed lower motility under high curvatures (k > 0.01 μm-1) than under lower curvatures (k < 0.01 μm-1). Our results demonstrate how sensitive neuronal cell function may be linked and controlled through specific curved geometric features. Furthermore, the hydrogel-based multi-curvature design possesses high compatibility with various surfaces, allowing a flexible integration of geometric features into next-generation neuro devices, cell assays, tissue engineering, and implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Khan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA.
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18
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Onfroy-Roy L, Hamel D, Foncy J, Malaquin L, Ferrand A. Extracellular Matrix Mechanical Properties and Regulation of the Intestinal Stem Cells: When Mechanics Control Fate. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122629. [PMID: 33297478 PMCID: PMC7762382 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISC) are crucial players in colon epithelium physiology. The accurate control of their auto-renewal, proliferation and differentiation capacities provides a constant flow of regeneration, maintaining the epithelial intestinal barrier integrity. Under stress conditions, colon epithelium homeostasis in disrupted, evolving towards pathologies such as inflammatory bowel diseases or colorectal cancer. A specific environment, namely the ISC niche constituted by the surrounding mesenchymal stem cells, the factors they secrete and the extracellular matrix (ECM), tightly controls ISC homeostasis. Colon ECM exerts physical constraint on the enclosed stem cells through peculiar topography, stiffness and deformability. However, little is known on the molecular and cellular events involved in ECM regulation of the ISC phenotype and fate. To address this question, combining accurately reproduced colon ECM mechanical parameters to primary ISC cultures such as organoids is an appropriated approach. Here, we review colon ECM physical properties at physiological and pathological states and their bioengineered in vitro reproduction applications to ISC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Onfroy-Roy
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence: (L.O.-R.); (A.F.); Tel.: +33-5-62-744-522 (A.F.)
| | - Dimitri Hamel
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France; (J.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Julie Foncy
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France; (J.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Laurent Malaquin
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France; (J.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Audrey Ferrand
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence: (L.O.-R.); (A.F.); Tel.: +33-5-62-744-522 (A.F.)
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19
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Yu SM, Li B, Amblard F, Granick S, Cho YK. Adaptive architecture and mechanoresponse of epithelial cells on a torus. Biomaterials 2020; 265:120420. [PMID: 33007611 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Curvature is a geometric feature widely observed in the epithelia and critical to the performance of fundamental biological functions. Understanding curvature-related biophysical phenomena remains challenging partly owing to the difficulty of quantitatively tuning and measuring curvatures of interfacing individual cells. In this study, we prepared confluent wild-type Madin-Darby canine kidney cells on a torus structure presenting positive, zero, and negative Gaussian curvatures with a tubule diameter of 2-7 cells and quantified the mechanobiological characteristics of individual cells. Cells on the torus surface exhibited topological sensing ability both as an individual cell and collective cell organization. Both cell bodies and nuclei, adapted on the torus, exhibited local Gaussian curvature-dependent preferential orientation. The cells on the torus demonstrated significant adjustment in the nuclear area and exhibited asymmetric nuclear position depending on the local Gaussian curvature. Moreover, cells on top of the torus, where local Gaussian curvature is near zero, exhibited more sensitive morphological adaptations than the nuclei depending on the Gaussian curvature gradient. Furthermore, the spatial heterogeneity of intermediate filament proteins related to mechanoresponsive expression of the cell body and nucleus, vimentin, keratin and lamin A, revealed local Gaussian curvature as a key factor of cellular adaptation on curved surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-M Yu
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - B Li
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - F Amblard
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - S Granick
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-K Cho
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Yu SM, Li B, Granick S, Cho YK. Mechanical Adaptations of Epithelial Cells on Various Protruded Convex Geometries. Cells 2020; 9:E1434. [PMID: 32527037 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The shape of epithelial tissue supports physiological functions of organs such as intestinal villi and corneal epithelium. Despite the mounting evidence showing the importance of geometry in tissue microenvironments, the current understanding on how it affects biophysical behaviors of cells is still elusive. Here, we cultured cells on various protruded convex structure such as triangle, square, and circle shape fabricated using two-photon laser lithography and quantitatively analyzed individual cells. Morphological data indicates that epithelial cells can sense the sharpness of the corner by showing the characteristic cell alignments, which was caused by actin contractility. Cell area was mainly influenced by surface convexity, and Rho-activation increased cell area on circle shape. Moreover, we found that intermediate filaments, vimentin, and cytokeratin 8/18, play important roles in growth and adaptation of epithelial cells by enhancing expression level on convex structure depending on the shape. In addition, microtubule building blocks, α-tubulin, was also responded on geometric structure, which indicates that intermediate filaments and microtubule can cooperatively secure mechanical stability of epithelial cells on convex surface. Altogether, the current study will expand our understanding of mechanical adaptations of cells on out-of-plane geometry.
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Altay G, Tosi S, García-Díaz M, Martínez E. Imaging the Cell Morphological Response to 3D Topography and Curvature in Engineered Intestinal Tissues. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:294. [PMID: 32318564 PMCID: PMC7154059 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While conventional cell culture methodologies have relied on flat, two-dimensional cell monolayers, three-dimensional engineered tissues are becoming increasingly popular. Often, engineered tissues can mimic the complex architecture of native tissues, leading to advancements in reproducing physiological functional properties. In particular, engineered intestinal tissues often use hydrogels to mimic villi structures. These finger-like protrusions of a few hundred microns in height have a well-defined topography and curvature. Here, we examined the cell morphological response to these villus-like microstructures at single-cell resolution using a novel embedding method that allows for the histological processing of these delicate hydrogel structures. We demonstrated that by using photopolymerisable poly(ethylene) glycol as an embedding medium, the villus-like microstructures were successfully preserved after sectioning with vibratome or cryotome. Moreover, high-resolution imaging of these sections revealed that cell morphology, nuclei orientation, and the expression of epithelial polarization markers were spatially encoded along the vertical axis of the villus-like microstructures and that this cell morphological response was dramatically affected by the substrate curvature. These findings, which are in good agreement with the data reported for in vivo experiments on the native tissue, are likely to be the origin of more physiologically relevant barrier properties of engineered intestinal tissues when compared with standard monolayer cultures. By showcasing this example, we anticipate that the novel histological embedding procedure will have a positive impact on the study of epithelial cell behavior on three-dimensional substrates in both physiological and pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Altay
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sébastien Tosi
- Advanced Digital Microscopy Core Facility, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María García-Díaz
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Callens SJP, Uyttendaele RJC, Fratila-Apachitei LE, Zadpoor AA. Substrate curvature as a cue to guide spatiotemporal cell and tissue organization. Biomaterials 2019; 232:119739. [PMID: 31911284 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence clearly shows that cells respond to various physical cues in their environments, guiding many cellular processes and tissue morphogenesis, pathology, and repair. One aspect that is gaining significant traction is the role of local geometry as an extracellular cue. Elucidating how geometry affects cell and tissue behavior is, indeed, crucial to design artificial scaffolds and understand tissue growth and remodeling. Perhaps the most fundamental descriptor of local geometry is surface curvature, and a growing body of evidence confirms that surface curvature affects the spatiotemporal organization of cells and tissues. While well-defined in differential geometry, curvature remains somewhat ambiguously treated in biological studies. Here, we provide a more formal curvature framework, based on the notions of mean and Gaussian curvature, and summarize the available evidence on curvature guidance at the cell and tissue levels. We discuss the involved mechanisms, highlighting the interplay between tensile forces and substrate curvature that forms the foundation of curvature guidance. Moreover, we show that relatively simple computational models, based on some application of curvature flow, are able to capture experimental tissue growth remarkably well. Since curvature guidance principles could be leveraged for tissue regeneration, the implications for geometrical scaffold design are also discussed. Finally, perspectives on future research opportunities are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien J P Callens
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628CD, the Netherlands.
| | - Rafael J C Uyttendaele
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628CD, the Netherlands
| | - Lidy E Fratila-Apachitei
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628CD, the Netherlands
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628CD, the Netherlands
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23
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24
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Faria J, Ahmed S, Gerritsen KGF, Mihaila SM, Masereeuw R. Kidney-based in vitro models for drug-induced toxicity testing. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:3397-3418. [PMID: 31664498 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The kidney is frequently involved in adverse effects caused by exposure to foreign compounds, including drugs. An early prediction of those effects is crucial for allowing novel, safe drugs entering the market. Yet, in current pharmacotherapy, drug-induced nephrotoxicity accounts for up to 25% of the reported serious adverse effects, of which one-third is attributed to antimicrobials use. Adverse drug effects can be due to direct toxicity, for instance as a result of kidney-specific determinants, or indirectly by, e.g., vascular effects or crystals deposition. Currently used in vitro assays do not adequately predict in vivo observed effects, predominantly due to an inadequate preservation of the organs' microenvironment in the models applied. The kidney is highly complex, composed of a filter unit and a tubular segment, together containing over 20 different cell types. The tubular epithelium is highly polarized, and the maintenance of this polarity is critical for optimal functioning and response to environmental signals. Cell polarity is dependent on communication between cells, which includes paracrine and autocrine signals, as well as biomechanic and chemotactic processes. These processes all influence kidney cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. For drug disposition studies, this microenvironment is essential for prediction of toxic responses. This review provides an overview of drug-induced injuries to the kidney, details on relevant and translational biomarkers, and advances in 3D cultures of human renal cells, including organoids and kidney-on-a-chip platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Faria
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabbir Ahmed
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin G F Gerritsen
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia M Mihaila
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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25
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Chandrasekaran A, Kouthouridis S, Lee W, Lin N, Ma Z, Turner MJ, Hanrahan JW, Moraes C. Magnetic microboats for floating, stiffness tunable, air-liquid interface epithelial cultures. Lab Chip 2019; 19:2786-2798. [PMID: 31332423 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00267g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To study respiratory diseases, in vitro airway epithelial models are commonly implemented by culturing airway cells on a porous surface at an air-liquid interface (ALI). However, these surfaces are often supraphysiologically stiff, which is known to affect the organization, maturation, and responses of cells to potential therapies in other biological culture models. While it is possible to culture cells on soft hydrogel substrates at an air-liquid interface, these techniques are challenging to implement particularly in high-throughput applications which require robust and repetitive material handling procedures. To address these two limitations and characterize epithelial cultures on substrates of varying stiffness at the ALI, we developed a novel "lung-on-a-boat", in which stiffness-tuneable hydrogels are integrated into the bottoms of polymeric microstructures, which normally float at the air-liquid interface. An embedded magnetic material can be used to sink the boat on demand when a magnetic field is applied, enabling reliable transition between submerged and ALI culture. In this work, we prototype a functional ALI microboat platform, with integrated stiffness-tunable polyacrylamide hydrogel surfaces, and validate the use of this technology with a model epithelial cell line. We verify sufficient transport through the hydrogel base to maintain cell viability and stimulate cultures, using a model nanoparticle with known toxicity. We then demonstrate significant morphological and functional effects on epithelial barrier formation, suggesting that substrate stiffness is an important parameter to consider in the design of in vitro epithelial ALI models for drug discovery and fundamental research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonya Kouthouridis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Wontae Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Nicholas Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Zhenwei Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Mark J Turner
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John W Hanrahan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada and Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christopher Moraes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. and Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada and Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada and Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Bate TE, Jarvis EJ, Varney ME, Wu KT. Collective dynamics of microtubule-based 3D active fluids from single microtubules. Soft Matter 2019; 15:5006-5016. [PMID: 31165127 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00123a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Self-organization of kinesin-driven, microtubule-based 3D active fluids relies on the collective dynamics of single microtubules. However, the connection between macroscopic fluid flows and microscopic motion of microtubules remains unclear. In this work, the motion of single microtubules was characterized by means of 2D gliding assays and compared with the flows of 3D active fluids. While the scales of the two systems differ by ∼1000×, both were driven by processive, non-processive or an equal mixture of both molecular motor proteins. To search for the dynamic correlation between both systems, the motor activities were tuned by varying temperature and ATP concentration, and the changes in both systems were compared. Motor processivity played an important role in active fluid flows but only when the fluids were nearly motionless; otherwise, flows were dominated by hydrodynamic resistance controlled by sample size. Furthermore, while the motors' thermal reaction led active fluids to flow faster with increasing temperature, such temperature dependence could be reversed by introducing temperature-varying depletants, emphasizing the potential role of the depletant in designing an active fluid's temperature response. The temperature response of active fluids was nearly immediate (⪅10 s). Such a characteristic enables active fluids to be controlled with a temperature switch. Overall, this work not only clarifies the role of temperature in active fluid activity, but also sheds light on the underlying principles of the relationship between the collective dynamics of active fluids and the dynamics of their constituent single microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teagan E Bate
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Ruogang Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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