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Chao C, Dang C, Reddy N, Alharbi S, Doan J, Karthikeyan A, Applewhite B, Jiang B. Characterization of a phenol-based model for denervation of the abdominal aorta and its implications for aortic remodeling. JVS Vasc Sci 2024; 5:100202. [PMID: 38694477 PMCID: PMC11061754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2024.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Sympathetic innervation plays a pivotal role in regulating cardiovascular health, and its dysregulation is implicated in a wide spectrum of cardiovascular diseases. This study seeks to evaluate the impact of denervation of the abdominal aorta on its morphology and wall homeostasis. Methods Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 12), aged 3 months, underwent midline laparotomy for infrarenal aorta exposure. Chemical denervation was induced via a one-time topical application of 10% phenol (n = 6), whereas sham controls received phosphate-buffered saline (n = 6). Animals were allowed to recover and subsequently were sacrificed after 6 months for analysis encompassing morphology, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Results At 6 months post-treatment, abdominal aortas subjected to phenol denervation still exhibited a significant reduction in nerve fiber density compared with sham controls. Denervated aortas demonstrated reduced intima-media thickness, increased elastin fragmentation, decreased expression of vascular smooth muscle proteins (α-SMA and MYH11), and elevated adventitial vascular density. Sex-stratified analyses revealed additional dimorphic responses, particularly in aortic collagen and medial cellular density in female animals. Conclusions Single-timepoint phenol-based chemical denervation induces alterations in abdominal aortic morphology and vascular remodeling over a 6-month period. These findings underscore the potential of the sympathetic nervous system as a therapeutic target for aortic pathologies. Clinical Relevance Aortic remodeling remains an important consideration in the pathogenesis of aortic disease, including occlusive, aneurysmal, and dissection disease states. The paucity of medical therapies for the treatment of aortic disease has driven considerable interest in elucidating the pathogenesis of these conditions; new therapeutic targets are critically needed. Here, we show significant remodeling after phenol-induced denervation with morphologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical features. Future investigations should integrate sympathetic dysfunction as a potential driver of pathologic aortic wall changes with additional consideration of the sympathetic nervous system as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Chao
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Caitlyn Dang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Nidhi Reddy
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Sara Alharbi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jimmy Doan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University McCormick School of Engineering, Evanston, IL
| | - Akashraj Karthikeyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University McCormick School of Engineering, Evanston, IL
| | - Brandon Applewhite
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University McCormick School of Engineering, Evanston, IL
| | - Bin Jiang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University McCormick School of Engineering, Evanston, IL
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Lin A, Brittan M, Baker AH, Dimmeler S, Fisher EA, Sluimer JC, Misra A. Clonal Expansion in Cardiovascular Pathology. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:120-144. [PMID: 38362345 PMCID: PMC10864919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Clonal expansion refers to the proliferation and selection of advantageous "clones" that are better suited for survival in a Darwinian manner. In recent years, we have greatly enhanced our understanding of cell clonality in the cardiovascular context. However, our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms behind this clonal selection is still severely limited. There is a transpiring pattern of clonal expansion of smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells-and, in some cases, macrophages-in numerous cardiovascular diseases irrespective of their differing microenvironments. These findings indirectly suggest the possible existence of stem-like vascular cells which are primed to respond during disease. Subsequent clones may undergo further phenotypic changes to adopt either protective or detrimental roles. By investigating these clone-forming vascular cells, we may be able to harness this inherent clonal nature for future therapeutic intervention. This review comprehensively discusses what is currently known about clonal expansion across the cardiovascular field. Comparisons of the clonal nature of vascular cells in atherosclerosis (including clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential), pulmonary hypertension, aneurysm, blood vessel injury, ischemia- and tumor-induced angiogenesis, and cerebral cavernous malformations are evaluated. Finally, we discuss the potential clinical implications of these findings and propose that proper understanding and specific targeting of these clonal cells may provide unique therapeutic options for the treatment of these cardiovascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lin
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mairi Brittan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew H. Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Berlin, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Edward A. Fisher
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Judith C. Sluimer
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ashish Misra
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Manenti A, Roncati L, Farinetti A, Manco G, Mattioli AV, Coppi F. Deepening Hemodynamics of Iliac Artery Tortuosity. Ann Vasc Surg 2023; 93:450-452. [PMID: 37100274 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Manenti
- Department of Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Luca Roncati
- Department of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alberto Farinetti
- Department of Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gianrocco Manco
- Department of Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Coppi
- Department of Cardiology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Kugo H, Sugiura Y, Fujishima R, Jo S, Mishima H, Sugamoto E, Tanaka H, Yamaguchi S, Ikeda Y, Hirano KI, Moriyama T, Zaima N. Tricaprin can prevent the development of AAA by attenuating aortic degeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114299. [PMID: 36724640 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical therapeutic options to prevent rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a critical event, must be developed. Moreover, further understanding of the process of AAA development and rupture is crucial. Previous studies have revealed that aortic hypoperfusion can induce the development of AAA, and we successfully developed a hypoperfusion-induced AAA animal model. In this study, we examined the effects of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), tricaprylin (C8-TG) and tricaprin (C10-TG), on hypoperfusion-induced AAA rat model. We estimated the effects of MCTs on aortic pathologies, mechanical properties of the aorta, and development of AAA. C10-TG, but not C8-TG, significantly suppressed AAA development and completely prevented the rupture. We observed that C10-TG prevented the development and rupture of AAA, but not C8-TG. Additionally, regression of AAA diameter was observed in the C10-TG group. Pathological analysis revealed C10-TG improved the hypoperfusion-induced increase in hypoxia-inducible factor-1α levels, medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) loss, degeneration of aortic elastin and collagen fibers, and loss of aortic wall elasticity. In addition, regression of the formed AAA was observed by administration of C10-TG after AAA formation. C10-TG administration after AAA formation improved degeneration of AAA wall including degradation of aortic elastin and collagen fibers, stenosis of vasa vasorum, and loss of medial SMCs. These data suggest C10-TG can prevent AAA by attenuating aortic hypoperfusion and degeneration. Considering the clinical safety of C10-TG, C10-TG can be a promising AAA drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirona Kugo
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Rena Fujishima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Shintou Jo
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Mishima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Erina Sugamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Medical Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-Invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics (CNT), Department of Triglyceride Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Ikeda
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-Invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics (CNT), Department of Triglyceride Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan; Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirano
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-Invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics (CNT), Department of Triglyceride Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Moriyama
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan; Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Zaima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan; Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University, 204-3327 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
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Phillippi JA. On vasa vasorum: A history of advances in understanding the vessels of vessels. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl6364. [PMID: 35442731 PMCID: PMC9020663 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl6364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The vasa vasorum are a vital microvascular network supporting the outer wall of larger blood vessels. Although these dynamic microvessels have been studied for centuries, the importance and impact of their functions in vascular health and disease are not yet fully realized. There is now rich knowledge regarding what local progenitor cell populations comprise and cohabitate with the vasa vasorum and how they might contribute to physiological and pathological changes in the network or its expansion via angiogenesis or vasculogenesis. Evidence of whether vasa vasorum remodeling incites or governs disease progression or is a consequence of cardiovascular pathologies remains limited. Recent advances in vasa vasorum imaging for understanding cardiovascular disease severity and pathophysiology open the door for theranostic opportunities. Approaches that strive to control angiogenesis and vasculogenesis potentiate mitigation of vasa vasorum-mediated contributions to cardiovascular diseases and emerging diseases involving the microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Phillippi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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An Effective and Simple Way to Establish Elastase-Induced Middle Carotid Artery Fusiform Aneurysms in Rabbits. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6707012. [PMID: 32908904 PMCID: PMC7471820 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6707012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective Elastase-induced aneurysms in rabbits have been proposed as a preclinical tool for device development, but there is still much deficiency in those aneurismal models. So we need to explore the efficient and convenient animal models for the investigation of intracranial aneurysms. Then, we compared and analyzed three methods of elastase-induced carotid artery aneurysms in rabbits and aimed to find a simple, effective, and reproducible method for creating elastase-induced aneurysms. Methods 42 standard feeding male adult Japanese white rabbits (3.05 ± 0.65 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups and treated with elastase ablation to create common carotid artery (RCCA) aneurysm models: Group A (root-RCCA medication group, n = 12), Group B (mid-RCCA medication group, n = 18), and Group C (ligated RCCA+medication group, n = 12). For Group A, the origin of the RCCA was blocked by two temporary aneurysm clips, and the resulting 2 cm cavity was infused with elastase for 20 min, then the clip was removed and the RCCA was not ligated. For Group B, the middle part of RCCA was treated the same way as Group A and the RCCA was not ligated. For Group C, the middle part of RCCA was treated as Group B, but the distal RCCA was ligated. After the aneurysm models were created for 3 weeks, prior to sacrificing the animals, color Doppler ultrasound and angiography were performed for blood flow measurements inside the aneurysms. Histological analysis (such as SMA-α, CD31, CD34, CD68, collagen IV, and Ki67) and the other relevant indexes were compared between the ideal model's aneurysmal tissues and the human intracranial aneurysm's tissues to confirm whether we have successfully established elastase-induced aneurysm models. Results Compared with human intracranial aneurysm specimens by the color Doppler ultrasound, angiography, and changes in the inner diameter of arteries, all three methods have successfully established the elastase-induced aneurysm models. Histology showed that biological responses were similar to both human cerebral aneurysms and previously published elastase-induced rabbit aneurysm models. Group A and Group B had the same morphology, but Group A had a higher mortality rate than Group B. Group B and Group C had different morphology. The aneurysm of Group C was more similar to human cerebral aneurysms but had a higher mortality rate than Group B. Group B was confirmed not only as an alternative method but also as a more safe and effective method for creating elastase-induced aneurysm models. Conclusion Through analysis and comparison, the Group B is proven to be the simplest, reproducible, and most effective modeling method. The aneurysm model established by Group B can be used for basic research related to aneurysm mechanism. We have provided a new and effective method for basic research on aneurysm.
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Mommers EHH, van Kooten L, Nienhuijs SW, de Vries Reilingh TS, Lubbers T, Mees BME, Schurink GWH, Bouvy ND. Can Electric Nose Breath Analysis Identify Abdominal Wall Hernia Recurrence and Aortic Aneurysms? A Proof-of-Concept Study. Surg Innov 2020; 27:366-372. [PMID: 32449457 PMCID: PMC7804369 DOI: 10.1177/1553350620917898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. This pilot study evaluates if an electronic nose
(eNose) can distinguish patients at risk for recurrent hernia formation and
aortic aneurysm patients from healthy controls based on volatile organic
compound analysis in exhaled air. Both hernia recurrence and aortic aneurysm are
linked to impaired collagen metabolism. If patients at risk for hernia
recurrence and aortic aneurysms can be identified in a reliable, low-cost,
noninvasive manner, it would greatly enhance preventive options such as
prophylactic mesh placement after abdominal surgery. Methods.
From February to July 2017, a 3-armed proof-of-concept study was conducted at 3
hospitals including 3 groups of patients (recurrent ventral hernia, aortic
aneurysm, and healthy controls). Patients were measured once at the outpatient
clinic using an eNose with 3 metal-oxide sensors. A total of 64 patients
(hernia, n = 29; aneurysm, n = 35) and 37 controls were included. Data were
analyzed by an automated neural network, a type of self-learning software to
distinguish patients from controls. Results. Receiver operating
curves showed that the automated neural network was able to differentiate
between recurrent hernia patients and controls (area under the curve 0.74,
sensitivity 0.79, and specificity 0.65) as well as between aortic aneurysm
patients and healthy controls (area under the curve 0.84, sensitivity 0.83, and
specificity of 0.81). Conclusion. This pilot study shows that
the eNose can distinguish patients at risk for recurrent hernia and aortic
aneurysm formation from healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tim Lubbers
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Barend M E Mees
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Nicole D Bouvy
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Maumus-Robert S, Debette S, Bérard X, Mansiaux Y, Tubert-Bitter P, Pariente A. Risk of Intracranial Aneurysm and Dissection and Fluoroquinolone Use: A Case-Time-Control Study. Stroke 2020; 51:994-997. [PMID: 31964291 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.028490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Fluoroquinolone use is associated with an increased risk of aortic aneurysm and dissection. We investigated this risk of arterial wall injury on intracranial arteries, given the similar pathophysiological mechanisms for aneurysm and dissection in both types of arteries. Methods- A case-time-control study was conducted using French National Insurance databases covering >60 million inhabitants. Cases were aged ≥18 years with first ruptured intracranial aneurysm and dissection between 2010 and 2015. For each case, fluoroquinolone use was compared between the exposure-risk window (day 30-day 1 before the outcome) and matched control windows (day 120-day 91, day 150-day 121, and day 180-day 151) and adjusted for time-varying confounders; potential time-trend for exposure was controlled using an age- and sex-matched reference group. Amoxicillin use was studied similarly for indication bias controlling. The potential excess of risk conveyed by fluoroquinolones was assessed by the ratio of OR for fluoroquinolones to that for amoxicillin. Results- Of the 7443 identified cases, 75 had been exposed to fluoroquinolones in the prior 180 days, including 16 in the 30-day at-risk window (385/97 cases exposed to amoxicillin, respectively). The adjusted OR for fluoroquinolones was 1.26 (95%CI, 0.65-2.41) and that for amoxicillin of 1.36 (95% CI, 1.05-1.78). Ratio of OR for fluoroquinolones to that for amoxicillin was estimated at 0.92 (95% CI, 0.46-1.86). Result was similar when extending outcome definition to unruptured events (ratio of OR for fluoroquinolones to that for amoxicillin, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.61-1.53]). Conclusions- This study did not evidence an excess of risk of intracranial aneurysm or dissection with fluoroquinolone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Maumus-Robert
- From the Team Pharmacoepidemiology (S.M.-R., Y.M., A.P.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm U1219, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- Team VINTAGE (S.D.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm U1219, University of Bordeaux, France.,Department of Neurology, CHU de Bordeaux, France (S.D.)
| | - Xavier Bérard
- Unit of Vascular Surgery, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, France (X.B.)
| | - Yohann Mansiaux
- From the Team Pharmacoepidemiology (S.M.-R., Y.M., A.P.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm U1219, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascale Tubert-Bitter
- Biostatistics, Biomathematics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Infectious Diseases (B2PHI), Inserm, UVSQ, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (P.T.-B.)
| | - Antoine Pariente
- From the Team Pharmacoepidemiology (S.M.-R., Y.M., A.P.), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm U1219, University of Bordeaux, France.,Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Pôle de Santé Publique, CHU de Bordeaux, France (A.P.)
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Blassova T, Tonar Z, Tomasek P, Hosek P, Hollan I, Treska V, Molacek J. Inflammatory cell infiltrates, hypoxia, vascularization, pentraxin 3 and osteoprotegerin in abdominal aortic aneurysms - A quantitative histological study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224818. [PMID: 31703088 PMCID: PMC6839860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Information about the tissue characteristics of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), some of which may be reflected in the serum, can help to elucidate AAA pathogenesis and identify new AAA biomarkers. This information would be beneficial not only for diagnostics and follow-up but also for potential therapeutic intervention. Therefore, the aim of our study was to compare the expression of structural proteins, immune factors (T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and pentraxin 3 (PTX3)), osteoprotegerin (OPG), microvessels and hypoxic cells in AAA and nonaneurysmal aortic walls. We examined specimens collected during surgery for AAA repair (n = 39) and from the abdominal aortas of kidney donors without AAA (n = 8). Using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, we quantified the areas positive for smooth muscle actin, desmin, elastin, collagen, OPG, CD3, CD20, MAC387, myeloperoxidase, PTX3, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and the density of CD31-positive microvessels. AAA samples contained significantly less actin, desmin, elastin and OPG, more collagen, macrophages, neutrophils, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, hypoxic cells and PTX3, and a greater density of vasa vasorum (VV) than those in non-AAA samples. Hypoxia positively correlated with actin and negatively correlated with collagen. Microvascular density was related to inflammatory cell infiltrates, hypoxia, PTX3 expression and AAA diameter. The lower OPG expression in AAAs supports the notion of its protective role in AAA remodeling. AAA contained altered amounts of structural proteins, implying reduced vascular elasticity. PTX3 was upregulated in AAA and colocalized with inflammatory infiltrates. This evidence supports further evaluation of PTX3 as a candidate marker of AAA. The presence of aortic hypoxia, despite hypervascularization, suggests that hypoxia-induced neoangiogenesis may play a role in AAA pathogenesis. VV angiogenesis of the AAA wall increases its vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Blassova
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Zbynek Tonar
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tomasek
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hosek
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Hollan
- Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Lillehammer, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vladislav Treska
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital in Pilsen, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Molacek
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital in Pilsen, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Kuzniar M, Tegler G, Wanhainen A, Ahlström H, Mani K, Hansen T. Feasibility of Assessing Inflammation in Asymptomatic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms With Integrated 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2019; 59:464-471. [PMID: 31708339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) combined with contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify inflammation in asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). METHODS FDG PET/MRI was performed on 15 patients with asymptomatic infrarenal AAAs >45 mm diameter. Prevalence of FDG uptake and MRI findings of inflammatory changes (oedema, wall thickening, and late gadolinium enhancement [LGE]) in the aortic wall were investigated at three levels: suprarenal aorta; non-aneurysmal aortic neck; and AAA. RESULTS The median diameter of the AAAs was 54 mm (range 47-65 mm) and the median expansion rate in the last 12 months was 3 mm (range 1-13 mm). The standard uptake value (SUV) of FDG in the aneurysmal wall (SUVmax 2.5) was higher than the blood pool (SUVmax 1.0; p < .001). The maximum target to background ratio was higher in the suprarenal aorta (mean ± SD; 3.1 ± 0.6) and aortic neck (2.7 ± 0.5) than in the aneurysmal aorta (2.5 ± 0.5; p < .001). Thirty-six FDG hotspots were observed in the aneurysmal wall of 13 patients. Wall thickening and LGE were identified in eight patients. The number of FDG hotspots correlated with recent AAA growth (r = 0.62, p = .01). The recent aneurysm expansion rate was higher in aneurysms with LGE than in those without (7 mm vs. 2 mm; p = .03). MRI inflammatory changes were observed in nine of 36 hot spots (25%) and in three of 13 patients with focal FDG uptake. CONCLUSION Fully integrated FDG PET/MRI can be used to study inflammation in asymptomatic AAAs. Heterogenous uptake of FDG in the aneurysmal wall indicates increased glucose metabolism, suggesting an ongoing inflammation. However, these FDG hotspots rarely correspond to MRI findings of inflammation, raising the question of which type of cellular activity is present in these areas. The presence of LGE and FDG hotspots both correlated to recent aneurysm growth, and their usefulness as clinical markers of aneurysm growth warrant additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kuzniar
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Vascular Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Gustaf Tegler
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Vascular Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Wanhainen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Vascular Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kevin Mani
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Vascular Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Hansen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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11
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Bottasso E. Toward the Existence of a Sympathetic Neuroplasticity Adaptive Mechanism Influencing the Immune Response. A Hypothetical View-Part II. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:633. [PMID: 31620088 PMCID: PMC6760024 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the preceding work, a hypothesis on the existence of a specific neural plasticity program from sympathetic fibers innervating secondary lymphoid organs was introduced. This proposed adaptive mechanism would involve segmental retraction and degeneration of noradrenergic terminals during the immune system (IS) activation followed by regeneration once the IS returns to the steady-state. Starting from such view, this second part presents clinical and experimental evidence allowing to envision that this sympathetic neural plasticity mechanism is also operative on inflamed non-lymphoid peripheral tissues. Importantly, the sympathetic nervous system regulates most of the physiological bodily functions, ranging from cardiovascular, respiratory and gastro-intestinal functions to endocrine and metabolic ones, among others. Thus, it seems sensible to think that compensatory programs should be put into place during inflammation in non-lymphoid tissues as well, to avoid the possible detrimental consequences of a sympathetic blockade. Nevertheless, in many pathological scenarios like severe sepsis, chronic inflammatory diseases, or maladaptive immune responses, such compensatory programs against noradrenergic transmission impairment would fail to develop. This would lead to a manifest sympathetic dysfunction in the above-mentioned settings, partly accounting for their underlying pathophysiological basis; which is also discussed. The physiological/teleological significance for the whole neural plasticity process is postulated, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Bottasso
- Departments of Pathology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Rosario, Argentina
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12
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Meekel JP, Mattei G, Costache VS, Balm R, Blankensteijn JD, Yeung KK. A multilayer micromechanical elastic modulus measuring method in ex vivo human aneurysmal abdominal aortas. Acta Biomater 2019; 96:345-353. [PMID: 31306785 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are common and potentially life-threatening aortic dilatations, due to the effect of hemodynamic changes on the aortic wall. Previous research has shown a potential pathophysiological role for increased macroscopic aneurysmal wall stiffness; however, not investigating micromechanical stiffness. We aimed to compile a new protocol to examine micromechanical live aortic stiffness (elastic moduli), correlated to histological findings with quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF). Live AAA biopsies (n = 7) and non-dilated aortas (controls; n = 3) were sectioned. Local elastic moduli of aortic intima, media and adventitia were analysed in the direction towards the lumen and vice versa with nanoindentation. Smooth muscle cells (SMC), collagen and fibroblasts were examined using QIF. Nanoindentation of AAA vs. controls demonstrated a 4-fold decrease in elastic moduli (p = 0.022) for layers combined and a 26-fold decrease (p = 0.017) for media-to-intima direction. QIF of AAA vs. controls revealed a 4-, 3- and 6-fold decrease of SMC, collagen and fibroblasts, respectively (p = 0.036). Correlations were found between bidirectional intima and media measurements (ρ = 0.661, p = 0.038) and all QIF analyses (ρ = 0.857-0.905, p = 0.002-0.007). We present a novel protocol to analyse microscopic elastic moduli in live aortic tissues using nanoindentation. Hence, our preliminary findings of decreased elastic moduli and altered wall composition warrant further microscopic stiffness investigation to potentially clarify AAA pathophysiology and to explore potential treatment by wall strengthening. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Although extensive research on the pathophysiology of dilated abdominal aortas (aneurysms) has been performed, the exact underlying pathways are still largely unclear. Previously, the macroscopic stiffness of the pathologic and healthy aortic wall has been studied. This study however, for the first time, studied the microscopic stiffness changes in live tissue of dilated and non-dilated abdominal aortas. This new protocol provides a device to analyse the alterations on cellular level within their microenvironment, whereas previous studies studied the aorta as a whole. Outcomes of these measurements might help to better understand the underlying origin of the incidence and progression of aneurysms and other aortic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorn P Meekel
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Mattei
- Optics11 B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Biophotonics & Medical Imaging and LaserLaB, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Victor S Costache
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Polisano Medlife Hospital, University "L. Blaga" Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
| | - Ron Balm
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan D Blankensteijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kak K Yeung
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Effect of Cyclic Stretch on Vascular Endothelial Cells and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA): Role in the Inflammatory Response. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020287. [PMID: 30642067 PMCID: PMC6359538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a focal dilatation of the aorta, caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Although vascular endothelium plays a key role in AAA progression, the biological mechanisms underlying the mechanical stress involvement are only partially understood. In this study, we developed an in vitro model to characterize the role of mechanical stress as a potential trigger of endothelial deregulation in terms of inflammatory response bridging between endothelial cells (ECs), inflammatory cells, and matrix remodeling. In AAA patients, data revealed different degrees of calcification, inversely correlated with wall stretching and also with inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation. In order to study the role of mechanical stimulation, endothelial cell line (EA.hy926) has been cultured in healthy (10% strain) and pathological (5% strain) dynamic conditions using a bioreactor. In presence of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), high levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and inflammation are obtained, while mechanical stimulation significantly counteracts the TNF-α effects. Moreover, physiological deformation also plays a significant role in the control of the oxidative stress. Overall our findings indicate that, due to wall calcification, in AAA there is a significant change in terms of decreased wall stretching.
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14
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Hu J, Luo J, Wang H, Wang C, Long R, Li A, Zhou Y, Fang Z, Chen Q. The active participation of p22phox-214T/C in the formation of intracranial aneurysm and the suppressive potential of edaravone. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2952-2960. [PMID: 30226557 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress reactions play an important role in the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysm (IA). p22phox is involved in the oxidative stress reaction, and it is a critical subunit of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. The present study investigated the association of genetic variants within the gene encoding p22phox‑214T/C with IA. The p22phox‑214T/C gene polymorphisms in 192 cases of IA and 112 controls were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction‑restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‑RFLP). The mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase was also analyzed by RT‑PCR. The results of RT‑PCR were validated by ELISA. In a rabbit model of elastase‑induced aneurysm, we used edaravone for anti‑oxidative stress treatment to observe the curative effects. In the clinical cases, a significant difference in p22phox‑214T/C allele frequencies in the IA group was observed compared with the control group (P<0.001). The expression level of NADPH oxidase was differed significantly between the IA group and the control group. In the rabbit model of elastase‑induced aneurysm, the success rate of the aneurysmal model in the edaravone group and the wound ulcer rate were lower than those in the control group. In addition, the diameter of the aneurysm was smaller than in the edaravone group than in the control group (3.26±0.13 mm vs. 3.85±0.07 mm), and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase‑9 (MMP‑9) was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.0001). Thus, these data suggest the active participation of p22phox‑214T/C in the formation of IA and the suppressive potential of edaravone against IA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 30060, P.R. China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Chaojia Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Rongpei Long
- Department of English, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Anrong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Zhicheng Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 30060, P.R. China
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15
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Sainio A, Järveläinen H. Extracellular Matrix Macromolecules as Potential Targets of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 81:209-240. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Kemmerling EMC, Peattie RA. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Pathomechanics: Current Understanding and Future Directions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1097:157-179. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96445-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Busch A, Hartmann E, Grimm C, Ergün S, Kickuth R, Otto C, Kellersmann R, Lorenz U. Heterogeneous histomorphology, yet homogeneous vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation, characterize human aneurysm disease. J Vasc Surg 2017; 66:1553-1564.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2016.07.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Misra A, Feng Z, Zhang J, Lou ZY, Greif DM. Using In Vivo and Tissue and Cell Explant Approaches to Study the Morphogenesis and Pathogenesis of the Embryonic and Perinatal Aorta. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28930997 DOI: 10.3791/56039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aorta is the largest artery in the body. The aortic wall is composed of an inner layer of endothelial cells, a middle layer of alternating elastic lamellae and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and an outer layer of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix. In contrast to the widespread study of pathological models (e.g., atherosclerosis) in the adult aorta, much less is known about the embryonic and perinatal aorta. Here, we focus on SMCs and provide protocols for the analysis of the morphogenesis and pathogenesis of embryonic and perinatal aortic SMCs in normal development and disease. Specifically, the four protocols included are: i) in vivo embryonic fate mapping and clonal analysis; ii) explant embryonic aorta culture; iii) SMC isolation from the perinatal aorta; and iv) subcutaneous osmotic mini-pump placement in pregnant (or non-pregnant) mice. Thus, these approaches facilitate the investigation of the origin(s), fate, and clonal architecture of SMCs in the aorta in vivo. They allow for modulating embryonic aorta morphogenesis in utero by continuous exposure to pharmacological agents. In addition, isolated aortic tissue explants or aortic SMCs can be used to gain insights into the role of specific gene targets during fundamental processes such as muscularization, proliferation, and migration. These hypothesis-generating experiments on isolated SMCs and the explanted aorta can then be assessed in the in vivo context through pharmacological and genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Misra
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Zhonghui Feng
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Zhi-Yin Lou
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
| | - Daniel M Greif
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine;
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19
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Busch A, Grimm C, Hartmann E, Paloschi V, Kickuth R, Lengquist M, Otto C, Eriksson P, Kellersmann R, Lorenz U, Maegdefessel L. Vessel wall morphology is equivalent for different artery types and localizations of advanced human aneurysms. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 148:425-433. [PMID: 28478588 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aneurysm formation occurs most frequently as abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), but is also seen in other localizations like thoracic or peripheral aneurysm. While initial mechanisms for aneurysm induction remain elusive, observations from AAA samples show transmural inflammation with proteolytic imbalance and repair mechanisms triggered by the innate immune system. However, limited knowledge exists about aneurysm pathology, especially for others than AAA. We compared 42 AAA, 15 popliteal, 3 ascending aortic, five iliac, two femoral, two brachial, one visceral and two secondary aneurysms to non-aneurysmatic controls by histologic analysis, immunohistochemistry and cytokine expression. Muscular and elastic type arteries show a uniform way of aneurysm formation. All samples show similar morphology. The changes compared to controls are distinct and include matrix remodeling with smooth muscle cell phenotype switch and angiogenesis, adventitial lymphoid cell accumulation and M1 macrophage homing together with neutrophil inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines are up-regulated accordingly. Comparative analysis of different disease entities can identify characteristic pathomechanisms. The phenotype of human advanced aneurysm disease is observed for elastic and muscular type arteries, does not differ between disease localizations and might, thus, be a unique response of the vasculature to the still unknown trigger of aneurysm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Busch
- Clinic for General, Visceral, Vascular & Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. .,Molecular Vascular Medicine Group, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Caroline Grimm
- Clinic for General, Visceral, Vascular & Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elena Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Paloschi
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska, University hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ralph Kickuth
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mariette Lengquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Christoph Otto
- Clinic for General, Visceral, Vascular & Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Per Eriksson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska, University hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard Kellersmann
- Clinic for General, Visceral, Vascular & Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Lorenz
- Clinic for General, Visceral, Vascular & Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Molecular Vascular Medicine Group, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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20
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Mazurek R, Dave JM, Chandran RR, Misra A, Sheikh AQ, Greif DM. Vascular Cells in Blood Vessel Wall Development and Disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2016; 78:323-350. [PMID: 28212800 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vessel wall is composed of distinct cellular layers, yet communication among individual cells within and between layers results in a dynamic and versatile structure. The morphogenesis of the normal vascular wall involves a highly regulated process of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The use of modern developmental biological and genetic approaches has markedly enriched our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these developmental events. Additionally, the application of similar approaches to study diverse vascular diseases has resulted in paradigm-shifting insights into pathogenesis. Further investigations into the biology of vascular cells in development and disease promise to have major ramifications on therapeutic strategies to combat pathologies of the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mazurek
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - J M Dave
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - R R Chandran
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - A Misra
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - A Q Sheikh
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - D M Greif
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
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