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Glenn D, Lau-Barraco C. An Application of the Stressor-Vulnerability Model of Drinking in College Student Drinkers. Subst Use Misuse 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38834969 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2360106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Background: The stressor vulnerability model provides theoretical support for conditions under which drinking to cope (DTC) is likely to occur (i.e., decreased adaptive coping, increased positive alcohol expectancies). However, research has only tested this model in a college sample reporting trauma. Generalizability to a non-trauma-specific sample college drinkers would support applications of the model and inferences about coping-related drinking across a broader group of young adults. Objectives: Our sample included 565 college student drinkers (Mage = 20.3 years; SDage = 2.0 years; 77.0% female; 54.2% White) from a large southeastern university. Mediation analyses examined DTC as a mediator between negative affect and alcohol-related outcomes (i.e., drinking quantity, drinking frequency, binge drinking frequency, and alcohol-related consequences). Moderated mediation models tested the influence of tension reduction expectancies and cognitive reappraisal on mediation pathways. Results: Drinking to cope was found to be a full mediator for associations between negative affect and drinking-related outcomes. For associations between negative affect and alcohol-related consequences, DTC was a partial mediator. For all alcohol outcomes, results indicated the mediation between negative affect and outcomes through DTC is strongest for individuals with greater cognitive reappraisal use. Positive alcohol expectancies did not moderate any indirect effects. Conclusions: Although cognitive reappraisal is typically considered an adaptive emotion regulation technique, our results suggest that this may not always be the case with drinking outcomes. Given our findings, further research is needed to discern the conditions wherein cognitive reappraisal may and may not be adaptive. This could be useful in informing interventions to reduce harmful DTC behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Glenn
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, VA, USA
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Cathy Lau-Barraco
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, VA, USA
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Shuai R, Ahmed-Leitao F, Bloom J, Seedat S, Hogarth L. Brief online negative affect focused functional imagery training (FIT) improves four-week drinking outcomes in hazardous student drinkers: A pilot randomised controlled trial replication in South Africa. Addict Behav Rep 2024; 19:100540. [PMID: 38586438 PMCID: PMC10995806 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous study has shown that functional imagery training (FIT) to utilise positive mental imagery in response to negative affect could improve alcohol-related outcomes. The current study aimed to replicate whether this negative affect focused FIT would improve alcohol-related outcomes in hazardous student drinkers in South Africa at four-week follow-up. Methods 50 hazardous student drinkers who reported drinking to cope with negative affect were randomised into two groups. The active group (n = 25) was trained online over two weeks to respond to personalised negative drinking triggers by retrieving a personalised adaptive strategy they might use to mitigate negative affect, whereas the control group (n = 25) received standard risk information about binge drinking. Outcome measures including alcohol consumption, drinking motives, anxiety and depression, self-efficacy and use of protective behavioural strategies were obtained at baseline and four-week follow-up. Results FIT effects were revealed by three significant group-by-timepoint interactions in a per-protocol analysis: there was a significant decrease in depressive symptoms, drinking to cope and drinking for social reasons from baseline to follow-up in the active group, but not the control group. No effects were observed on alcohol consumption, self-efficacy, protective behaviour strategies and anxiety. Conclusions Preliminary evidence supports that online negative affect focused FIT can improve depression as well as coping and social drinking motives in South African hazardous student drinkers who drank to cope, at four-week follow-up, suggesting that the principles of this FIT approach might be adapted and incorporated into a clinical intervention to test for efficacy in mitigating substance use problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichong Shuai
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Fatima Ahmed-Leitao
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Jenny Bloom
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Lee Hogarth
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Schultz NR, Smith-LeCavalier KN, Walukevich-Dienst K, Prince MA, Larimer ME. Longitudinal examination of alcohol use motives, item-level protective behavioral strategies, and alcohol-related consequences. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:715-728. [PMID: 38419206 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol misuse among college students is a public health concern. Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) can be used before, during, after, or instead of drinking to reduce alcohol use and negative consequences, but findings on their utility at the aggregate level are mixed. Although recent work has provided important information on the performance of individual PBS items, it is limited by research designs that are cross-sectional, do not examine consequences, or do not examine other important correlates, such as drinking motives. This study examines both the association between item-level PBS and alcohol-related negative consequences and the moderating effect of drinking motives longitudinally. METHODS College students from two universities (n = 200, 62.5% female, Mage = 20.16) completed the Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised, Protective Behavioral Strategies Survey, the Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index, and a measure of the quantity of alcohol use at baseline and 3-month follow-up. Generalized linear models were conducted to assess direct effects of item-level PBS on alcohol-related consequences and the moderating effects of drinking motives. RESULTS Two PBS items were associated with fewer alcohol-related consequences at follow-up, and two items were associated with greater alcohol-related consequences at follow-up. Drinking motives differentially moderated associations between item-level PBS and alcohol-related consequences for a proportion in the sample. Enhancement motives moderated the greatest number of associations, followed by coping, conformity, and social motives. Certain PBS (e.g., drink slowly, rather than gulp or chug) were moderated by several drinking motives, whereas other PBS items were not moderated by any motives. CONCLUSION Consistent with previous research, some item-level PBS were associated longitudinally with increased negative consequences, and some were associated with decreased negative consequences. Drinking motives, particularly enhancement, moderated several item-level PBS and consequence associations, suggesting that reasons for drinking may be important for understanding the associations between PBS strategies and alcohol-related consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Schultz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | | | - Mark A Prince
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Mary E Larimer
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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4
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Grodin EN, Kady A, Ray LA. The future of reward and relief drinking profiles: Considerations for social motives, stability of profiles, and tailored interventions. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:462-465. [PMID: 38238020 PMCID: PMC10939849 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica N. Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Annabel Kady
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lara A. Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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5
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Mathew AR, Avery EF, Cox C, Nwanah P, Kalhan R, Hitsman B, Powell LH. Development of a targeted behavioral treatment for smoking cessation among individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Behav Med 2023; 46:1010-1022. [PMID: 37148395 PMCID: PMC10804287 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00411-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smoking cessation for individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is medically critical, but smoking for coping motives is a common barrier. METHOD In this evaluation of three treatment components (Mindfulness, Practice Quitting, and Countering Emotional Behaviors), we conducted two studies guided by the ORBIT model. Study 1 was a single-case design experiment (N = 18); Study 2 was a pilot feasibility study (N = 30). In both studies, participants were randomized to receive one of the three treatment modules. Study 1 examined implementation targets, changes in smoking for coping motives, and changes in smoking rate. Study 2 examined overall feasibility and participant-rated acceptability, and changes in smoking rate. RESULTS Study 1: Treatment implementation targets were met by 3/5 Mindfulness participants, 2/4 Practice Quitting participants, and 0/6 Countering Emotional Behaviors participants. The Practice Quitting condition led to 100% of participants meeting the clinically significant threshold in smoking for coping motives. Incidence of quit attempts ranged from 0-50%, and smoking rate was reduced by 50% overall. Study 2: Recruitment and retention met feasibility targets, with 97% of participants completing all four treatment sessions. Participants reported high treatment satisfaction by qualitative responses and rating scales (M = 4.8/ 5.0). Incidence of quit attempts ranged from 25-58%, and smoking rate was reduced by 56% overall. CONCLUSIONS These two small-N studies provide complementary findings on internal validity and implementation of the novel intervention. While Study 1 provided initial support for plausibility of clinically significant change, Study 2 provided data on key feasibility parameters. IMPLICATIONS Smoking cessation for individuals with COPD is medically critical. We conducted an early-phase evaluation of a novel behavioral treatment focused on reducing smoking for coping motives. Results provided initial support for plausibility of clinically significant change and feasibility of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chelsea Cox
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Ravi Kalhan
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 1700 W. Van Buren St, Ste. 470, 60612, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian Hitsman
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 1700 W. Van Buren St, Ste. 470, 60612, Chicago, IL, USA
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Hebden HM, Votaw VR, Herchenroeder L, Witkiewitz K, Yeung EW. Examining the validity of the drinking motives questionnaire for identifying reward and relief drinking subgroups in college students. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:2184-2196. [PMID: 38226750 PMCID: PMC11075668 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy alcohol use in college is associated with a risk of developing alcohol use disorder. Characterizing variability in individual risk factors for alcohol use could help mitigate risk by informing personalized approaches to prevention. This study examined the validity of a brief measure for identifying reward/relief drinking phenotypes in non-treatment-seeking young adults. METHODS College students (n = 454) who reported binge drinking completed the Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised-Short Form (DMQ-R-SF). Confirmatory factor and latent profile analyses (CFA; LPA) of the DMQ-R-SF were performed to assess structural validity and identify reward/relief drinking subgroups. We compared models measuring reward drinking with the DMQ-R-SF enhancement motives (reward-enhancement) subscale to models measuring reward drinking with enhancement and social motives (reward-enhancement/social). Across models, relief drinking was measured with coping motives. We examined associations between reward/relief drinking subgroups and alcohol and personality variables concurrently and prospectively at a 6-week follow-up. RESULTS A two-factor reward and relief structure of the DMQ-R-SF was supported. Three latent profiles were identified (low reward/low relief: n = 133, high reward/low relief: n = 249; high reward/high relief: n = 72). Both CFA and LPA models that utilized reward-enhancement/social items indicated a better fit than reward-enhancement items alone. At baseline, individuals in the high-reward/high-relief profile demonstrated the poorest alcohol use outcomes and higher negative affect. Those in the high-reward/low-relief profile demonstrated greater alcohol use severity than those in the low-reward/low-relief profile. Prospectively, individuals classified in the high-reward/low-relief subgroup reported greater binge drinking frequency and those in the high-reward/high-relief profile reported greater alcohol consequences. CONCLUSIONS The DMQ-R-SF is a valid measure for identifying reward and relief drinking subgroups in college students with binge drinking and could have utility for precision prevention efforts that target individuals in the high-reward/low-relief and high-reward/high-relief subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Hebden
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - V R Votaw
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - L Herchenroeder
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - K Witkiewitz
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - E W Yeung
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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7
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Spillane NS, Schick MR, Nalven T, Crawford MC, Martz AS. A retrospective examination of changes in drinking motives during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Psychiatry Med 2023; 58:102-118. [PMID: 35722920 PMCID: PMC9209856 DOI: 10.1177/00912174221110086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic has led to substantial changes in college student alcohol use. Changes in drinking motives may explain some of these changes in drinking patterns. The purpose of the present study is to explore how drinking motives and alcohol use have changed amongst college students considering the timeframes before and after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., March 2020) in the United States. We hypothesized that there would be significant changes in drinking motives after March 2020, which would be significantly related to changes in alcohol use. METHODS Participants for the current study were undergraduate students reporting lifetime alcohol use (n = 198, Mage = 21.3, 66.7% female, 86.4% White) recruited through online advertisements in classes to complete an online survey in April 2020. Participants were asked to report on their drinking motives and alcohol use considering the timeframes before and after the onset of closures and stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., before and since March 2020). RESULTS Paired samples t-tests revealed that endorsement of social (t[171) = 12.79, p < .001, d = 1.16) and conformity motives significantly decreased (t[170] = 4.46, p < .001, d = 0.31), while endorsement of coping motives significantly increased (t[172] = -2.70, p = .008, d = .15) after the onset of COVID-19. Linear regression analyses, controlling for drinking motives before March 2020, revealed that changes in enhancement (β = -.47, p < .001) and coping motives (β = -.22, p = .04) were significantly associated with changes in alcohol use quantity. CONCLUSIONS Findings of the present study support the need for interventions to target coping and social drinking to reduce risk for alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichea S. Spillane
- Nichea S. Spillane, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, 110 Chafee Hall, 142 Flagg Road, Kingston RI 02881, USA.
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Schick MR, Spillane NS, Breines JG. The role of positive affect in the association between stress and college student alcohol use. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:249-256. [PMID: 33651662 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1891075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations among stress, positive affect, binge drinking, and coping drinking motives. PARTICIPANTS Students (n = 351, Mage=19.7, 74.6% female) at a northeastern public university. METHODS Participants completed an online survey assessing perceived stress, frequency of experiencing positive emotions, frequency of binge drinking, and coping drinking motives. RESULTS Stress and positive emotions were not significantly related to frequency of binge drinking but were significantly correlated with coping motives for drinking. Regression analyses with all predictors, age, and gender in the model revealed the same: stress and positive emotion were not significantly related to binge drinking but were significantly related to coping motives. The interaction between stress and positive emotions predicting frequency of binge drinking or coping motives was nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest the utility of exploring positive emotions in risk and resilience research focused on college student drinking and of targeting positive emotions to decrease students' coping-related alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Schick
- Department of Psychology, PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nichea S Spillane
- Department of Psychology, PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Juliana G Breines
- Department of Psychology, PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
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9
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Shuai R, Bakou AE, Andrade J, Hides L, Hogarth L. Brief Online Negative Affect Focused Functional Imagery Training Improves 2-Week Drinking Outcomes in Hazardous Student Drinkers: a Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial. Int J Behav Med 2022; 29:346-356. [PMID: 34432263 PMCID: PMC9166857 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-021-10019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative affect plays an important role in motivating problematic alcohol use. Consequently, training imagery-based adaptive responses to negative affect could reduce problematic alcohol use. The current study tested whether personalised online functional imagery training (FIT) to utilise positive mental imagery in response to negative affect would improve drinking outcomes in hazardous negative affect drinking students. METHOD Participants were 52 hazardous student drinkers who drink to cope with negative affect. Participants in the active group (n = 24) were trained online over 2 weeks to respond to personalised negative drinking triggers by retrieving a personalised adaptive strategy they might use to mitigate negative affect, whereas participants in the control group (n = 28) received standard risk information about binge drinking at university. Measures of daily drinking quantity, drinking motives, self-efficacy and use of protective behavioural strategies were obtained at baseline and 2 weeks follow-up. RESULTS There were three significant interactions between group and time in a per-protocol analysis: the active intervention group showed increased self-efficacy of control over negative affect drinking and control over alcohol consumption and decreased social drinking motives from baseline to 2-week follow-up, relative to the control intervention group. There were no effects on drinking frequency. CONCLUSION These findings provide initial evidence that online training to respond to negative affect drinking triggers by retrieving mental imagery of adaptive strategies can improve drinking-related outcomes in hazardous, student, negative affect drinkers. The findings support the utility of FIT interventions for substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichong Shuai
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Washington Singer Building, Perry Road, Exeter, EX4 4QG, UK
| | - Alexandra Elissavet Bakou
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Washington Singer Building, Perry Road, Exeter, EX4 4QG, UK
| | - Jackie Andrade
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Leanne Hides
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lee Hogarth
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Washington Singer Building, Perry Road, Exeter, EX4 4QG, UK.
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10
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Rowicka M. Differences and Similarities in Motives to Decrease Drinking, and to Drink in General Between Former and Current Heavy Drinkers-Implications for Changing Own Drinking Behaviour. Front Psychol 2022; 12:734350. [PMID: 35095638 PMCID: PMC8789672 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.734350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The evidence on why people initiate or cease drinking is vast; however, little is known regarding why people change their frequency and amount of drinking from intense (heavy or dependent drinking) to recreational (with little risk). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate how drinking motives and motives to decrease drinking differ between former heavy drinkers (problematic and dependent), current dependent, and current recreational drinkers. Data were obtained from four groups of individuals (n = 263) using alcohol with different severity. The participants were Polish young adults aged between 18 and 35 years. About 53% of the sample were women. The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to assess the level of drinking; the Drinking Motive Questionnaire-Revised Short Form (DMQ-R SF) was used to assess drinking motives (social, coping, enhancement, and conformity). The reasons for abstaining and limiting drinking (RALD) instrument was used to assess the RALD. Additionally, a set of questions regarding motives to decrease drinking were analysed. The results show that differences were observed between the investigated groups: the current dependent group scored significantly higher on all the dimensions of drinking motives than the current low-risk group and significantly higher on coping, social, and enhancement motives than former heavy drinkers (both groups). The two groups of former heavy drinkers did not differ from each other on drinking motives. The investigated groups differed on the motives to reduce drinking-low-risk users scored the lowest on all the motives, whereas current dependent-the highest. The differences in motives to decrease drinking between current-depended and former heavy drinkers indicate which motives can be associated with the prevention strategies, programmes, and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rowicka
- Department of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Schick MR, Nalven T, Spillane NS. Drinking to Fit in: The Effects of Drinking Motives and Self-Esteem on Alcohol Use among Female College Students. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:76-85. [PMID: 34678113 PMCID: PMC8992737 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1990334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, rates of alcohol use among female students have risen to meet or even surpass those seen among males. Yet, little is known about factors that play a role in the relationship between drinking motives and alcohol consumption for female college students. The present study examines self-esteem as a moderator in the association between categories of drinking motives and alcohol use in a sample of female college students. Participants included 196 female undergraduates who reported drinking alcohol at least once in the preceding month (Mage= 19.5 years, 88.8% White) at a northeastern public university. Participants completed an online questionnaire assessing self-esteem, drinking motives, and past month alcohol use. Self-esteem was significantly negatively correlated with coping (r=-.40, p<.001) and conformity motives (r=-.22, p=.002) but not enhancement or social motives. Main effects predicting alcohol use were detected for enhancement (b = 1.49, p<.001), coping (b = 1.73, p<.001), and social motives (b = 1.34, p<.001), but not conformity motives or self-esteem. The interaction of conformity motives and self-esteem was significant (b=-0.17, p=.04). Simple slopes analyses revealed that conformity motives were significantly positively related to alcohol consumption for at low (b = 1.53, p=.001), but not high levels (b=-0.39, p=.61) of self-esteem. No other interactions were significant. Assisting female college students with increasing their self-esteem may be an effective component of intervention programs targeting alcohol consumption, particularly among those who report drinking to fit in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Schick
- Department of Psychology, PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Tessa Nalven
- Department of Psychology, PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nichea S Spillane
- Department of Psychology, PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
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12
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Brief Negative Affect Focused Functional Imagery Training Abolishes Stress-Induced Alcohol Choice in Hazardous Student Drinkers. JOURNAL OF ADDICTION 2021; 2021:5801781. [PMID: 34580617 PMCID: PMC8464424 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5801781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Imagery-based stress management therapies are effective at reducing alcohol use. To explore the therapeutic mechanism, the current study tested whether brief functional imagery training linked to personal negative affect drinking triggers would attenuate sensitivity to noise stress-induced alcohol seeking behaviour in a laboratory model. Methods Participants were UK-based hazardous student drinkers (N = 61, 80.3% women, aged 18–25) who reported drinking to cope with negative affect. Participants in the active intervention group (n = 31) were briefly trained to respond to personal negative drinking triggers by retrieving an adaptive strategy to mitigate negative affect, whereas participants in the control group (n = 30) received risk information about binge drinking at university. The relative value of alcohol was then measured by preference to view alcohol versus food pictures in two-alternative choice trials, before (baseline) and during noise stress induction. Results There was a significant two-way interaction (p < .04) where the control group increased their alcohol picture choice from baseline to the noise stress test (p < .001), whereas the active intervention group did not (p=.33), and the control group chose alcohol more frequently than the active group in the stress test (p=.03), but not at baseline (p=.16). Conclusions These findings indicate that imagery-based mood management can protect against the increase in the relative value of alcohol motivated by acute stress in hazardous negative affect drinkers, suggesting this mechanism could underpin the therapeutic effect of mood management on drinking outcomes.
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13
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De Leon AN, Dvorak RD, Kramer MP, Peterson R, Pinto DA, Leary AV, Magri TD. Daily Patterns of Emotional Functioning on Drinking and Nondrinking Days. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:2598-2610. [PMID: 33206419 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol misuse continues to be a significant public health problem. Understanding the factors that may contribute to the harmful progression in drinking is an important aspect of public health. Previous research has shown that affect regulation is associated with problematic alcohol use. Additionally, emotion instability has been found as a predictor of alcohol-related problems and may be linked to reinforcement mechanisms. METHODS The current study examined positive mood, negative mood, and mood instability in real time across drinking and nondrinking days utilizing ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Current drinkers (n = 74) were recruited for a 21-day EMA study. Participants completed up to 10 random assessments of positive mood, negative mood, and alcohol use per day. Mood instability was assessed as the squared difference in current mood from mood in the previous assessment. Data were analyzed using piecewise multilevel regression to examine mood trajectories across drinking and nondrinking days. RESULTS Positive emotion across the day was higher on drinking days than nondrinking days and continued to increase after drinking initiation. In contrast, negative emotion across the day was lower on drinking days than nondrinking days and continued to decrease after drinking initiation. Emotional functioning was stable across the day on nondrinking days. However, on drinking days there was a steady increase in emotional instability leading up to drinking initiation, followed by a rapid stabilization after initiation. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the potentially reinforcing impact of alcohol via emotional stability. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of mood dynamics when examining the reinforcing effects of alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardhys N De Leon
- From, Department of Psychology, The University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Robert D Dvorak
- From, Department of Psychology, The University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew P Kramer
- From, Department of Psychology, The University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Roselyn Peterson
- From, Department of Psychology, The University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel A Pinto
- From, Department of Psychology, The University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Angelina V Leary
- From, Department of Psychology, The University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Tatiana D Magri
- From, Department of Psychology, The University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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14
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Wahesh E, Moreton A, McKechnie M. The Indirect Effect of Distress Tolerance on Young Adult Alcohol Use Behaviors via Coping Motives. JOURNAL OF ADDICTIONS & OFFENDER COUNSELING 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jaoc.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Wahesh
- Department of Education and Counseling Villanova University
| | - Amanda Moreton
- Department of Education and Counseling Villanova University
- Now at The Lincoln Center for Family and Youth AudubonPennsylvania
| | - Megan McKechnie
- Department of Education and Counseling Villanova University
- Now at Merakey Behavioral Health Services PhiladelphiaPennsylvania
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15
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Blevins CE, Marsh EL, Stein MD, Schatten HT, Abrantes AM. Project CHOICE: Choosing healthy options in coping with emotions, an EMA/EMI plus in-person intervention for alcohol use. Subst Abus 2020; 42:569-576. [PMID: 32870129 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2020.1806182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging adulthood (18-25 years) represents a risky time for mental health and substance use. Emerging adults are particularly susceptible to problematic patterns of substance use, especially if they experience anxiety and/or depression and use substances as a way to cope with such issues. However, many mental health treatments do not address substance use. We developed an ecological momentary assessment and intervention (EMA/EMI) to specifically target the motive of drinking to cope with anxiety/depression. Methods: Project CHOICE was a 6-week intervention that paired in-person normative feedback with daily EMA and, if an individual reported negative affect and intent to drink, an EMI was immediately sent to their phone (a personally-chosen coping skill). We recruited n = 20 (55% female, mean age 21.74, 85% Caucasian and 75% non-Hispanic/Latino) individuals from a psychiatric partial hospitalization program for a 6-week open trial of the CHOICE intervention and re-assessed at the 6-week follow-up point. Results: Results indicated that drinking variables and coping motives were highly correlated at baseline. Days of drinking, alcohol-related problems, and coping motives significantly decreased over time following the intervention. Results indicated high levels of feasibility and acceptability. Conclusions: This open pilot represents a feasible, acceptable, and promising direction in delivering interventions in the moment when risk is highest, utilizing smartphone capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Blevins
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Michael D Stein
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heather T Schatten
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ana M Abrantes
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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16
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Drazdowski TK, Kelly LM, Kliewer WL. Motivations for the nonmedical use of prescription drugs in a longitudinal national sample of young adults. J Subst Abuse Treat 2020; 114:108013. [PMID: 32527515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People's motivations for nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) are not well studied, particularly in longitudinal representative samples. However, understanding which motivations are most popular and how these change over time for specific groups is important to inform interventions for NMUPD. METHODS The current study examined how young adults' motives for NMUPD changed over young adulthood, using a nationally representative sample of 12,223 young adults in 36 cohorts (1976-2012) as part of the Monitoring the Future study across three biennial waves (waves 1, 2, 3: modal ages 19/20, 21/22, and 23/24 years). We investigated these young adults' motivations for using stimulants, central nervous system depressants, and opioids when controlling for possible cohort effects. We included sex and college attendance as potential moderators. RESULTS Participants commonly reported recreational and self-treatment motivations over time and across drug classes, reporting four to five popular motivations in each drug class. Generalized estimating equations repeated measure analyses revealed relatively stable NMUPD motivations across young adulthood. Participants reported some reductions in experimentation and boredom as motivations for NMUPD and increases in certain self-treatment motivations, depending on prescription drug class. Overall, men were more likely to endorse recreational motivations, whereas women were more likely to endorse self-treatment motivations, though this varied somewhat by prescription drug class. Young adults not enrolled in college courses were more likely to endorse using stimulants nonmedically for different reasons than their peers who were enrolled. CONCLUSIONS NMUPD prevention and treatment efforts tailored to the young adult population should include methods to reduce both self-treatment and recreational use and need to consider prescription drug class, sex, and college attendance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lourah M Kelly
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Wendy L Kliewer
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, United States of America
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17
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Nehlin C, Öster C. Measuring drinking motives in undergraduates: an exploration of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised in Swedish students. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2019; 14:49. [PMID: 31703747 PMCID: PMC6839116 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-019-0239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Alcohol consumption is generally high among undergraduate students and may lead to adverse consequences. Drinking motives play a vital role in the development of alcohol-related problems. The Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised (DMQ-R) and the short form of DMQ-R, DMQ-R SF, are widely used tools to identify drinking motives. Still, there is a need for further exploration of the instruments in different cultures and settings. The aims of this study were 1) to explore the four-factor structure of the DMQ-R and DMQ-R SF in Swedish undergraduate students 2) to investigate if extracting the SF responses from the DMQ-R is equivalent to the factor structure of the DMQ-R SF 3) to study the association between drinking motives and hazardous drinking. Methods Data were collected among 536 Swedish undergraduate students and were analyzed by confirmatory factor analyses, Mann-Whitney, chi-square tests and logistic regressions. Results We could confirm the four-dimensional structure of both versions of the DMQ. There was a similar (or in fact even slightly better) model fit of the short form and when drawing the SF items. Emotionally oriented motives (enhancement and coping), together with social motives, were strongly associated with hazardous or harmful drinking levels, whereas conformity motives were not. The enhancement motive showed the highest group mean value and was also the most common main motive. Students with hazardous drinking endorsed their motives more strongly than those without hazardous drinking, which is a finding worthy of further investigation. Conclusions The DMQ-R SF is suitable and preferable for Swedish student populations and extracting the SF responses from the DMQ-R is equivalent to the factor structure of the DMQ-R SF. In future research, effects of including the DMQ-R SF in preventive strategies and in interventions with risk drinking students would be of particular interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Nehlin
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, UAS entr 10, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Uppsala University Hospital, UAS entr 10, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Caisa Öster
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, UAS entr 10, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.,Uppsala University Hospital, UAS entr 10, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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Categorizing Cannabis and Alcohol Use Patterns of Emerging Adults in Psychiatric Partial Hospitalization Treatment. J Psychiatr Pract 2019; 25:491-498. [PMID: 31821229 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging adulthood is a common and problematic time for alcohol and cannabis use. Emerging adulthood also represents a vulnerable time period for anxiety and depression. Substance use and mental health issues are highly comorbid, yet substance use is commonly neglected in psychiatric care. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to categorize the cannabis and alcohol use patterns of emerging adults in psychiatric care and to evaluate relationships with use-related problems, psychiatric symptomatology, and motives for use. METHODS Participants were emerging adults who were consecutive admissions to a young adult psychiatric partial hospital program from 2017 to 2018. Of 318 participants who completed questionnaires, 244 (76.7%) reported cannabis and/or alcohol use in the previous month. Cluster analyses and analysis of variance tests were conducted to categorize and differentiate between participants who reported use. RESULTS Results from cluster analyses identified 4 categories of use: low cannabis/high alcohol (35.7%), low cannabis/low alcohol (17.6%), high cannabis/low alcohol (29.1%), and high cannabis/high alcohol (17.6%). Individuals in categories with the highest rates of use and co-use reported more alcohol problems (F=24.31, P<0.001), cannabis problems (F=36.75, P<0.001), depression (F=3.60, P=0.01), and motives: social (F=6.12, P<0.001), coping with anxiety (F=20.43, P<0.001), coping with depression (F=17.80, P<0.001), enhancement (F=7.85, P<0.001), and conformity (F=4.92, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS/IMPORTANCE Clear categories of substance use emerged. Participants who were heavier users were more likely to use to alleviate psychiatric symptomatology, yet they also reported greater psychiatric symptomatology and use-related problems. Among a psychiatric sample of emerging adults, cannabis and alcohol use was common and problematic. Thus, substance use should be evaluated for and, if present, targeted with interventions during psychiatric care.
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19
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Zamboanga BL, Merrill JE, Olthuis JV, Milroy JJ, Sokolovsky AW, Wyrick DL. Secondary effects of myPlaybook on college athletes' avoidance of drinking games or pregaming as a protective behavior strategy: A multisite randomized controlled study. Soc Sci Med 2019; 228:135-141. [PMID: 30909157 PMCID: PMC7117876 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Student-athletes are at risk for engaging in drinking games and pregaming. Research suggests that brief motivational and alcohol education intervention approaches designed to reduce harmful drinking behaviors may not be effective in lowering students' participation in drinking games or pregaming. METHOD We evaluated the effects of myPlaybook (a student-athlete-specific web-based alcohol intervention) on student-athletes' avoidance of drinking games and pregaming over a 4-month period. Seventy-three NCAA member institutions were randomly assigned to the treatment condition or a no-intervention control. Student-athletes at these schools (N = 2449) completed assessments at baseline, 1-, and 4-months post-intervention. At each assessment, participants indicated how often they used each of several harm prevention strategies when they drank in the past month including "avoided drinking games" and "avoided drinking before going out (i.e., pregaming or pre-drinking)." RESULTS Controlling for gender and race/ethnicity, treatment condition was not associated with change in avoidance of drinking games and pregaming between baseline and either follow-up. Athletic season did not moderate treatment effects on avoidance of either behavior. We found no evidence that myPlaybook, a general alcohol-reduction intervention, is efficacious in influencing student-athletes' avoidance of drinking games or pregaming as a protective strategy. CONCLUSIONS Findings from the present study as well as other research suggest that general alcohol-focused interventions may not have secondary effects on reducing students' participation in drinking games and pregaming and as such, more specific targeted interventions should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron L Zamboanga
- Smith College Department of Psychology, 44 College Lane, Bass Hall, Northampton, MA, 01063, USA.
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20
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Blevins CE, Abrantes AM, Anderson BJ, Caviness CM, Herman DS, Stein MD. A longitudinal evaluation of the role of alcohol self-concept in alcohol use, motives, negative affect, and alcohol-related problems among emerging adults. Am J Addict 2018; 27:501-508. [DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Blevins
- Butler Hospital; Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research; Providence Rhode Island
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior; Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Ana M. Abrantes
- Butler Hospital; Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research; Providence Rhode Island
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior; Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Bradley J. Anderson
- Butler Hospital; Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Celeste M. Caviness
- Butler Hospital; Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Debra S. Herman
- Butler Hospital; Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research; Providence Rhode Island
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior; Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Michael D. Stein
- Butler Hospital; Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research; Providence Rhode Island
- Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts
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21
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King KM, Kim DS, McCabe CJ. Random responses inflate statistical estimates in heavily skewed addictions data. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 183:102-110. [PMID: 29245102 PMCID: PMC5803341 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some respondents may respond at random to self-report surveys, rather than responding conscientiously (Meade and Craig, 2012), and this has only recently come to the attention of researchers in the addictions field (Godinho et al., 2016). Almost no research in the published addictions literature has reported screening for random responses. We illustrate how random responses can bias statistical estimates using simulated and real data, and how this is especially problematic in skewed data, as is common with substance use outcomes. METHOD We first tested the effects of varying amounts and types of random responses on covariance-based statistical estimates in distributions with varying amounts of skew. We replicated these findings in correlations from a real dataset (Add Health) by replacing varying amounts of real data with simulated random responses. RESULTS Skew and the proportion of random responses influenced the amount and direction of bias. When the data were not skewed, uniformly random responses deflated estimates, while long-string random responses inflated estimates. As the distributions became more skewed, all types of random responses began to inflate estimates, even at very small proportions. We observed similar effects in the Add Health data. CONCLUSIONS Failing to screen for random responses in survey data produces biased statistical estimates, and data with only 2.5% random responses can inflate covariance-based estimates (i.e., correlations, Cronbach's alpha, regression coefficients, factor loadings, etc.) when data are heavily skewed. Screening for random responses can substantially improve data quality, reliability and validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M King
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
| | - Dale S Kim
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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22
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DiBello AM, Miller MB, Young CM, Neighbors C, Lindgren KP. Explicit drinking identity and alcohol problems: The mediating role of drinking to cope. Addict Behav 2018; 76:88-94. [PMID: 28772247 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Drinking identity, or the tendency to view one's self as a drinker, is a unique predictor of alcohol use and related consequences among young adults; yet the mechanism by which it leads to alcohol problems is poorly understood. Based on self-presentation and self-verification perspectives, we examined drinking to cope as a mediator of the association between explicit drinking identity and alcohol-related problems among two samples of young adults. Study data come from two large, longitudinal studies. Participants from Sample 1 and Sample 2 included undergraduates (55% and 59% female, respectively) who reported drinking in the previous three months. Tests of the indirect effects indicated that 3-month drinking to cope significantly mediated the positive association between baseline drinking identity and 6-month alcohol-related problems in both samples. In contrast, 3-month drinking identity did not mediate the association between baseline drinking to cope and 6-month alcohol-related problems. Findings indicate that individuals with a stronger drinking identity are more likely to use alcohol to cope and, subsequently, experience more problems. Thus, drinking identity may be an important intervention target for college students as it appears to temporally proceed drinking to cope in the prediction of alcohol-related problems.
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23
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Hogarth L, Hardy L. Depressive statements prime goal-directed alcohol-seeking in individuals who report drinking to cope with negative affect. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:269-279. [PMID: 29082424 PMCID: PMC5748391 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most variants of negative reinforcement theory predict that acute depressed mood can promote alcohol-seeking behaviour, but the precise mechanisms underpinning this effect remain contested. One possibility is that mood-induced alcohol-seeking is due to the formation of a stimulus-response (S-R) association, enabling depressed mood to elicit alcohol-seeking automatically. A second possibility is that depressed mood undergoes incentive learning, enabling it to enhance the expected value of alcohol and thus promote goal-directed alcohol-seeking. OBJECTIVES These two explanations were distinguished using a human outcome-revaluation procedure. METHODS One hundred and twenty-eight alcohol drinkers completed questionnaires of alcohol use disorder, drinking to cope with negative affect and depression symptoms. Participants then learned that two responses earned alcohol and food points respectively (baseline) in two alternative forced choice trials. At test, participants rated the valence of randomly sampled negative and positive mood statements and, after each statement, chose between the alcohol- and food-seeking responses in extinction. RESULTS The percentage of alcohol- versus food-seeking responses was increased significantly in trials containing negative statements compared to baseline and positive statement trials, in individuals who reported drinking to cope with negative affect (p = .004), but there was no such interaction with indices of alcohol use disorder (p = .87) or depression symptoms (p = .58). CONCLUSIONS Individuals who drink to cope with negative affect are more sensitive to the motivational impact of acute depressed mood statements priming goal-directed alcohol-seeking. Negative copers' vulnerability to alcohol dependence may be better explained by excessive affective incentive learning than by S-R habit formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Hogarth
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Washington Singer Building, Perry Road, Exeter, EX4 4QG, UK.
| | - Lorna Hardy
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Washington Singer Building, Perry Road, Exeter, EX4 4QG, UK
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24
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Zamboanga BL, Zhang M, Olthuis JV, Kim SY. Understanding Drinking Game Behaviors: A Consideration of Alcohol Expectancies and Motives to Play and Drink. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2017; 42:302-314. [PMID: 34334845 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-017-9886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Drinking motives have been theorized as "the final common pathway" to alcohol use, and have been found to be associated with certain drinking patterns and related outcomes. Given the importance of the context in which people drink, researchers have also begun to pay close attention to motives that are specific to participation in a drinking game. The present study builds on this burgeoning body of work by testing how sociability and liquid courage alcohol outcome expectancies and valuations are indirectly associated with drinking game behaviors by way of drinking game motives. Participants consisted of 686 students from eight U.S. colleges/universities (ages 18-23, mean age = 19.45; 73.8% female; 68.2% white) who completed a self-report questionnaire which asked about drinking game behaviors and motives for playing, alcohol outcome expectancies and valuations, general drinking motives, and typical alcohol use. Controlling for demographics, general drinking motives, and typical alcohol use, results indicated that liquid courage (alcohol outcome expectancies) and sociability (alcohol outcome expectancies and valuations) were indirectly associated with drinking game behaviors by way of enhancement/thrills and social lubrication motives for playing drinking games, respectively. Findings suggest that motives specific to playing drinking games operate similarly to general drinking motives as the "final common pathway" to drinking game behaviors. Implications for motivation-matched and expectancy challenge strategies aimed at reducing drinking games participation on college campuses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minyu Zhang
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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25
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Hammarberg A, Öster C, Nehlin C. Drinking motives of adult patients seeking treatment for problematic alcohol use. J Addict Dis 2017; 36:127-135. [PMID: 28166486 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2017.1291052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Drinking Motives Questionnaire measures motives for alcohol consumption on four subscales. Coping with negative affect and enhancement of positive affect have been shown to be associated with high levels of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems. Few studies exist concerning drinking motives among treatment-seeking patients. The aims of the study were to investigate the factor structure of the shortened-form of the revised Drinking Motives Questionnaire, map main drinking motives, explore group differences in motives due to sex, age, level of drinking problems, and symptoms of depression/anxiety and to investigate whether different drinking motives predict alcohol-related problems in this group. There were 274 treatment-seeking patients recruited from four addiction treatment clinics in Sweden. The shortened-form of the revised Drinking Motives Questionnaire was administered in conjunction with a regular visit to the clinics together with measures of degree of alcohol-related problems, psychiatric symptoms, and demographic factors. Main drinking motives were identified. A confirmatory factor analysis was run to confirm the factor structure of the shortened-form of the revised Drinking Motives Questionnaire. A logistic regression using the Enter method was performed to investigate associations between predictors and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test scores. The results confirmed the four-factor structure reported in studies on non-treatment-seeking individuals. Coping was the most commonly expressed motive. Not previously found in a clinical sample, the results showed that coping motives, together with being male and having elevated anxiety scores, were associated to Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test scores indicative of alcohol dependence. The shortened-form of the revised Drinking Motives Questionnaire is a brief and valid instrument that holds potential for clinical use in mapping drinking motives among treatment seekers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Hammarberg
- a Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Caisa Öster
- c Uppsala University , Department of Neuroscience , Psychiatry.,d Uppsala University Hospital , Sweden
| | - Christina Nehlin
- c Uppsala University , Department of Neuroscience , Psychiatry.,d Uppsala University Hospital , Sweden
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26
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Gilmore AK, Bountress KE. Reducing drinking to cope among heavy episodic drinking college women: Secondary outcomes of a web-based combined alcohol use and sexual assault risk reduction intervention. Addict Behav 2016; 61:104-11. [PMID: 27262965 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
College students are at high risk for engaging in heavy episodic drinking and for experiencing sexual assault. Further, drinking to cope with anxiety motives are associated with sexual assault history and drinking, and thus should be examined when targeting both sexual assault and drinking in college populations. The current study examined the effectiveness of decreasing coping with anxiety drinking motives among underage heavy episodic drinking college women (n=264). Results indicate that a web-based combined alcohol use and sexual assault risk reduction intervention was effective at decreasing drinking to cope with anxiety motives among those with stronger drinking to cope with anxiety motives at baseline. However, the alcohol-only and sexual assault-only interventions were not. Decreases in drinking motives were associated with decreases in heavy episodic drinking. This suggests that alcohol interventions in college populations may not be effectively targeting drinking motives and this preliminary study provides evidence indicating that targeting alcohol and sexual assault together may decrease drinking to cope motives among a high risk population.
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27
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Blevins CE, Banes KE, Stephens RS, Walker DD, Roffman RA. Change in motives among frequent cannabis-using adolescents: Predicting treatment outcomes. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 167:175-81. [PMID: 27577862 PMCID: PMC5037028 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy cannabis use has been associated with negative outcomes, particularly among individuals who begin use in adolescence. Motives for cannabis use can predict frequency of use and negative use-related problems. The purpose of the current study was to assess change in motives following a motivational enhancement therapy (MET) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention for adolescent users and assess whether change in motives was associated with change in use and self-reported problems negative consequences. METHODS Participants (n=252) were non-treatment seeking high school student cannabis users. All participants received two sessions of MET and had check-ins scheduled at 4, 7, and 10 months. Participants were randomized to either a motivational check-in condition or an assessment-only check-in. Participants in both conditions had the option of attending additional CBT sessions. Cannabis use frequency, negative consequences, and motives were assessed at baseline and at 6, 9, 12, and 15 month follow-ups. RESULTS There were significant reductions in motives for use following the intervention and reductions in a subset of motives significantly and uniquely predicted change in problematic outcomes beyond current cannabis use frequency. Change in motives was significantly higher among those who utilized the optional CBT sessions. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that motives can change over the course of treatment and that this change in motives is associated with reductions in use and problematic outcomes. Targeting specific motives in future interventions may improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Blevins
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI
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28
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Blevins CE, Abrantes AM, Stephens RS. Motivational pathways from antecedents of alcohol use to consequences: a structural model of using alcohol to cope with negative affect. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2016; 42:395-403. [DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2016.1141915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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