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Klimas J, Gorfinkel LR, Hamilton M, Lail M, Krupchanka D, Cullen W, Wood E, Fairbairn N. Early Career Training in Addiction Medicine: A Qualitative Study with Health Professions Trainees Following a Specialized Training Program in a Canadian Setting. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:2134-2141. [PMID: 36315582 PMCID: PMC9970042 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2137815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: There has been a notable deficiency in the implementation of addiction science in clinical practice and many healthcare providers feel unprepared to treat patients with substance use disorders (SUD) following training. However, the perceptions of addiction medicine training by learners in health professions have not been fully investigated. This qualitative study explored perceptions of prior training in SUD care among early-career trainees enrolled in Addiction Medicine fellowships and electives in Vancouver, Canada. Methods: From April 2015 - August 2018, we interviewed 45 early-career physicians, social workers, nurses, and 17 medical students participating in training in addiction medicine. We coded transcripts inductively using qualitative data analysis software (NVivo 11.4.3). Results: Findings revealed six key themes related to early-career training in addiction medicine: (1) Insufficient time spent on addiction education, (2) A need for more structured addictions training, (3) Insufficient hands-on clinical training and skill development, (4) Lack of patient-centeredness and empathy in the training environment, (5) Insufficient implementation of evidence-based medicine, and (6) Prevailing stigmas toward addiction medicine. Conclusion: Early clinical training in addiction medicine appears insufficient and largely focused on symptoms, rather than etiology or evidence. Early career learners in health professions perceived benefit to expanding access to quality education and reported positive learning outcomes after completing structured training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Klimas
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Addictology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Lauren R. Gorfinkel
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M.A. Hamilton
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M. Lail
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Health Sciences Centre, Belfield, Ireland
| | - D. Krupchanka
- Department of Social Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - W. Cullen
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Health Sciences Centre, Belfield, Ireland
| | - E. Wood
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - N. Fairbairn
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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2
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Hernández-Sánchez S, Poveda-Pagán EJ, Toledo-Marhuenda JV, Lozano-Quijada C. Dealing with Chronic Pain: Tips to Teach Undergraduate Health Sciences Students. J Pain Res 2022; 15:3223-3232. [PMID: 36281308 PMCID: PMC9587724 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s377124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a significant and costly problem all over the world that negatively impacts the quality of life of sufferers. There are clear discrepancies between the prevalence of chronic pain in society and the low priority assigned to educating future physicians about the complexities of pain. This condition also occurs in other undergraduate health science students, although research in this area has not been studied as much as in medical schools. Based on the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) Pain Curriculum Outline, a systematic search of the available literature, and the authors' own experiences, we highlight some relevant tips to educate health science trainees in the management of patients with chronic pain. These tips highlight current international recommendations for a comprehensive approach to this prevalent problem in society, which should be learnt during the university training of health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Hernández-Sánchez
- Center for Translational Research in Physiotherapy, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Emilio José Poveda-Pagán
- Center for Translational Research in Physiotherapy, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose Vicente Toledo-Marhuenda
- Center for Translational Research in Physiotherapy, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain,Correspondence: Jose Vicente Toledo-Marhuenda, Center for Translational Research in Physiotherapy, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain, Tel +34 965919204, Email
| | - Carlos Lozano-Quijada
- Center for Translational Research in Physiotherapy, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
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Towards a framework for implementing physician education in substance use disorders. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2021; 1:100001. [PMID: 36843913 PMCID: PMC9948940 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2021.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
•Substance use education is inadequate despite the urgent need to equip health care professionals to effectively treat substance use disorders.•Ineffective timing of substance use education within the timeline of medical training contributes to a lack of knowledge and negative attitudes.•The imminent implementation or scaling up of the various training initiatives calls for an urgent examination of their methods from a contextual perspective.
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Balayssac D, Pereira B, Cuq P, Douris J, Ferrari L, Boutet-Robinet E, Lechevrel M, Demeilliers C, Rat P, Coudoré F, Verron E, Lacarelle B, Guitton J, Courtois A, Allorge D, Pain S, Guerbet M, Collin A, Vennat B, Brousse G, Authier N, Laporte C. Perception of pharmacy students toward opioid-related disorders and roles of community pharmacists: A French nationwide cross-sectional study. Subst Abus 2020; 42:706-715. [PMID: 33320801 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2020.1850607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Community pharmacists are among the frontline health professionals who manage patients with an opioid-related disorder (ORD). Pharmacists frequently have a negative attitude toward these patients, which could have a negative impact on their management. However, education on ORD may improve the attitude of future healthcare professionals. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess French pharmacy students' perceptions of ORD. Methods: This online survey was performed by emails sent to French pharmacy schools (between January 14, 2019 and May 31, 2019). The primary outcome was the perception (visual analogic scale) of ORD as a disease, the roles of community pharmacies (delivery of opioid agonist therapy-OAT and harm reduction kits), and the efficacy of OAT. The secondary outcomes assessed professional experience, university experience of and education on ORD, and the individual characteristics of students. Results: Among the 1,994 students included, 76.3% perceived ORD as a disease and felt that it was normal for pharmacists to deliver OAT (78.9%) and harm reduction kits (74.6%). However, only 46.9% perceived OAT as being effective. Multivariable analyses showed that females had a more positive perception in recognizing ORD as a disease. The progression through university years increased the positive perception of ORD as a disease and the delivery of OAT and harm reduction kits by pharmacists. Education on substance-related disorders had no impact on any scores. Students who had already delivered OAT had a negative perception of their efficacy. The students who had already performed pharmacy jobs or traineeships had a negative perception of harm reduction kit delivery. Conclusion: Education on substance-related disorders had no impact on students' perceptions. It seemed that the maturity acquired through university years had a stronger impact on the students' perceptions of ORD. Efforts must be made to improve our teaching methods and reinforce the confidence of students in the roles of community pharmacists.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Balayssac
- Inserm U1107, NEURO-DOL, Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Délégation à la recherche clinique et à l'innovation, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Cuq
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Juliette Douris
- UFR de Pharmacie, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Luc Ferrari
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Elisa Boutet-Robinet
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Christine Demeilliers
- Environnement et Prédiction de la Santé des Populations, Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG (UMR-CNRS 5525), Université Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Patrice Rat
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, CNRS UMR-8038 CiTCoM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - François Coudoré
- Lab neuropharmacologie, CESP UMR-S1178, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay Malabry, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Clinique et Plateforme de dosage des anti-infectieux, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Elise Verron
- UFR pharmacie, département E2M, CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Bruno Lacarelle
- SMARTc Unit, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm U1068, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique et Toxicologie, Université Aix Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, ISPBL, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Arnaud Courtois
- CHU de Bordeaux, Centre Antipoison et de Toxicovigilance de Nouvelle Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Delphine Allorge
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483 - IMPECS - IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Pain
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques - LNEC, INSERM U-1084, CHU Poitiers, Centre d'Addictovigilance, Pharmacologie clinique et vigilances, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Michel Guerbet
- UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Aurore Collin
- Inserm U1107, NEURO-DOL, Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Brigitte Vennat
- ACCePPT, UFR de Pharmacie, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Georges Brousse
- EA7280, UFR de Médicine, CHU Clermont-Ferrand Service de Psychiatrie B et d'addictologie, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Authier
- Inserm U1107, NEURO-DOL, Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Catherine Laporte
- Département de Médecine Générale, EA7280, UFR de Médicine, Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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5
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Moses TE, Chammaa M, Ramos R, Waineo E, Greenwald MK. Incoming medical students’ knowledge of and attitudes toward people with substance use disorders: Implications for curricular training. Subst Abus 2020; 42:692-698. [DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2020.1843104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha E. Moses
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University Detroit, MI, USA
| | - May Chammaa
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rafael Ramos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eva Waineo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mark K. Greenwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University Detroit, MI, USA
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Abstract
This paper is the forty-first consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2018 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (2), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (3) and humans (4), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (5), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (6), stress and social status (7), learning and memory (8), eating and drinking (9), drug abuse and alcohol (10), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (11), mental illness and mood (12), seizures and neurologic disorders (13), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (14), general activity and locomotion (15), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (16), cardiovascular responses (17), respiration and thermoregulation (18), and immunological responses (19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, 11367, United States.
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7
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Teaching Basic Knowledge on Substance Use Disorders: The Impact of e-Learning on Health Professionals. Clin Ther 2019; 41:2154-2161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Wallace PM, Warrier S, Kahn MJ, Welsh C, Fischer M. Developing an opioid curriculum for medical students: A consensus report from a national symposium. Subst Abus 2019; 41:425-431. [DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2019.1635971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Wallace
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sarita Warrier
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Marc J. Kahn
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Office of the Dean, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Melissa Fischer
- Meyers Primary Care Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Rosado T, Barroso M, Vieira DN, Gallardo E. Determination of Selected Opiates in Hair Samples Using Microextraction by Packed Sorbent: A New Approach for Sample Clean-up. J Anal Toxicol 2019; 43:465-476. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkz029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In this article the development and validation of an analytical method using microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) to determine tramadol (TRM), codeine (COD), morphine (MOR), 6-acetylcodeine (6-AC), 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) and fentanyl (FNT) in hair samples by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS-MS) is presented. The MEPS used a mixed mode sorbent, and the steps for sample cleanup were conditioning (three cycles of 250 μL of methanol and three cycles of 250 μL formic acid 2%); sample load (15 cycles of 150 μL); wash (150 μL of 3.36% formic acid); and elution (eight cycles of 100 μL of ammonium hydroxide 2.36% (in methanol)). Linearity was obtained from the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) up to 5 ng/mg, with all target compounds revealing determination coefficients >0.99. The LLOQs achieved were 0.01 ng/mg for TRM, COD and 6-AC, and 0.025 ng/mg for MOR, 6-MAM and FNT. The recoveries ranged from 74 to 90% (TRM), 51 to 59% (COD), 22 to 36% (MOR), 69 to 99% (6-AC), 53 to 61% (6-MAM) and 75 to 86% (FNT). Precision and accuracy revealed coefficients of variation typically below 15% and relative errors within a ±15% interval, respectively. This new approach has proven to be an excellent alternative to classic procedures, reducing the volumes of organic solvents required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Rosado
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-556 Covilhã, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, EM506, 6201-556 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário Barroso
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses—Delegação do Sul, Rua Manuel Bento de Sousa, 3, 1169-201 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Duarte Nuno Vieira
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-556 Covilhã, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, EM506, 6201-556 Covilhã, Portugal
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Phillips KA, Preston KL. Prevention and Treatment of Opioid Overdose and Opioid-Use Disorders. Addict Behav 2018; 86:1-3. [PMID: 30080480 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karran A Phillips
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., BRC Bldg Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Kenzie L Preston
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., BRC Bldg Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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