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Corte-Real A, Almiro PA, Silva M, Nunes T, Abreu J, Carreira C, Vieira DN. Oral health professional intervention and child physical abuse-European legal approach. Forensic Sci Res 2023; 8:321-327. [PMID: 38405624 PMCID: PMC10894062 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical violence against children and adolescents is an issue of Global Public Health. This study aims to identify traumatic injuries and the medicolegal temporary framework of the victim's profile in the European legal approach. Participants and setting include the following: the clinical reports of a Portuguese European Clinical Academic Center database were analysed. An observational and prospective cohort study was performed. A descriptive analysis of the variables was conducted, considering gender, bimodal age groups, place of residence, offender data, place of occurrence, aetiology, localization, type of injuries, personal injury assessment by Quantum doloris, and injury time. The statistical analysis was performed by Spearman's rho and Kendall's tau-b correlation tests, Pearson's chi-square test of independence (χ2), and Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric tests (P < 0.05). The relationship between age groups and the place of occurrence was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Orofacial and nonorofacial injuries were related (P = 0.035). The General Data Protection Regulation is not a barrier to the treatment and sharing of justified data but a framework for safeguarding individuals' fundamental rights, including the Right to Health. Meticulous reporting of the clinical situation involves the victim, the occurrence, and the potential offender. Key points An oral health professional's notification of the event is a fundamental step of the judicial process.The timeline is the core of traumatic injury assessment in a child physical abuse scenario.Medicolegal evaluation impacts disability prevention, imputability, and notification of the crime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Corte-Real
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Dentistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Armelim Almiro
- Autonomous University of Lisbon, Centro de Investigação em Psicologia, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Dentistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Nunes
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Dentistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Abreu
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Dentistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Carreira
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Duarte Nuno Vieira
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Dentistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Febrero Bande M, Ordóñez Mayán L, Cordeiro C, Vieira DN, Muñoz Barús JI. IPMICALC: an Integrated Post-mortem Interval Calculator. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2023; 19:468-472. [PMID: 36199004 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-022-00537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Correctly estimating the post-mortem interval (PMI) is essential in forensic practice. In recent decades, the measurement of vitreous humor analyte concentrations - especially of hypoxanthine and potassium - and their correlation with the PMI have returned good results. However, calculating the PMI from the data collected can be quite complex. The present paper describes a web resource ( http://modestya.usc.es:3838/Forensic/ ) that simplifies the procedure. The PMI is determined (with its 95% confidence interval) in a rapid, easy, and reliable manner based on the use of mathematical models, the biochemistry of the vitreous humor, and physical variables such as the ambient temperature, the rectal temperature, and bodyweight. The application is entirely free to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Febrero Bande
- Department of Statistics, Mathematical Analysis and Optimization, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía Ordóñez Mayán
- Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Institute of Forensic Sciences (INCIFOR), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Cordeiro
- National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences - Centre Branch, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Ethics and Medical Law, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CENCIFOR (Centre of Forensic Sciences) - Foundation for Science and Technology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Duarte Nuno Vieira
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Ethics and Medical Law, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Ignacio Muñoz Barús
- Institute of Forensic Sciences (INCIFOR), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Pathology, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Pediatrics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de San Francisco, s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
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Zhang J, Vieira DN, Cheng Q, Zhu Y, Deng K, Zhang J, Qin Z, Sun Q, Zhang T, Ma K, Zhang X, Huang P. DiatomNet v1.0: A novel approach for automatic diatom testing for drowning diagnosis in forensically biomedical application. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2023; 232:107434. [PMID: 36871544 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Diatom testing is supportive for drowning diagnosis in forensic medicine. However, it is very time-consuming and labor-intensive for technicians to identify microscopically a handful of diatoms in sample smears, especially under complex observable backgrounds. Recently, we successfully developed a software, named DiatomNet v1.0 intended to automatically identify diatom frustules in a whole slide under a clear background. Here, we introduced this new software and performed a validation study to elucidate how DiatomNet v1.0 improved its performance with the influence of visible impurities. METHODS DiatomNet v1.0 has an intuitive, user-friendly and easy-to-learn graphical user interface (GUI) built in the Drupal and its core architecture for slide analysis including a convolutional neural network (CNN) is written in Python language. The build-in CNN model was evaluated for diatom identification under very complex observable backgrounds with mixtures of common impurities, including carbon pigments and sand sediments. Compared to the original model, the enhanced model following optimization with limited new datasets was evaluated systematically by independent testing and random control trials (RCTs). RESULTS In independent testing, the original DiatomNet v1.0 was moderately affected, especially when higher densities of impurities existed, and achieved a low recall of 0.817 and F1 score of 0.858 but good precision of 0.905. Following transfer learning with limited new datasets, the enhanced version had better results, with recall and F1 score values of 0.968. A comparative study on real slides showed that the upgraded DiatomNet v1.0 obtained F1 scores of 0.86 and 0.84 for carbon pigment and sand sediment, respectively, slightly worse than manual identification (carbon pigment: 0.91; sand sediment: 0.86), but much less time was needed. CONCLUSIONS The study verified that forensic diatom testing with aid of DiatomNet v1.0 is much more efficient than traditionally manual identification even under complex observable backgrounds. In terms of forensic diatom testing, we proposed a suggested standard on build-in model optimization and evaluation to strengthen the software's generalization in potentially complex conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Duarte Nuno Vieira
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Ethics and Medical Law, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Qi Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yongzheng Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Kaifei Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qiran Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Tianye Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, Shanghai Municipal Public Security Bureau, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Kaijun Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, Shanghai Municipal Public Security Bureau, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Ping Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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Machado F, Franco J, Vieira DN, Margalho C. Development and Validation of a GC-MS-EI Method to Determine α-PHP in Blood: Application to Samples Collected during Medico-Legal Autopsies. J Anal Toxicol 2023; 47:271-279. [PMID: 36516237 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
New psychoactive substances (NPSs) still represent an issue of great concern worldwide despite efforts made by national and international control systems to limit the spread of these substances. Alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (α-PHP) is a fairly recent synthetic cathinone (the second largest group of monitored substances in Europe) with only a few published studies on the substance. Though there is a low incidence of NPS consumption in Portugal, a recent increase in apprehensions and detections in biological matrices of the substance was verified. An analytical methodology was developed and validated for determining and quantitating α-PHP in blood. Solid-phase extraction was employed for sample preparation (500 μL), which was further analyzed by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry-electron ionization in single-ion monitoring mode with cocaine-d3 as the internal standard. Method validation followed the guidelines of the American National Standards Institute/AAFS Standards Board (ANSI/ASB Standard 036). The procedure was linear between 10 and 1,000 ng/mL, with determination coefficients (r2) higher than 0.999. Carryover was not observed. A limit of detection of 5 ng/mL and a limit of quantitation of 10 ng/mL were achieved. Intraday and intermediate precision and bias assessment showed satisfactory results (coefficient of variation <17.7%; bias <11.6%), and extraction efficiency ranged from 98.5% to 103.3%. The stability of the substance was considered acceptable for at least 6 h at room temperature, 48 h in the autosampler and 21 days after five freeze/thaw cycles. The developed methodology was applied to 15 real samples from the Laboratory of Chemistry and Forensic Toxicology, Centre Branch of the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Portugal, with drug concentrations ranging from 15 to 227 ng/mL. Available information for each case is also detailed in the present article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Machado
- Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses-Delegação do Centro, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde (Pólo III), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde (Pólo III), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - João Franco
- Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses-Delegação do Sul, Rua Manuel Bento de Sousa, 3, Lisboa 1169-201, Portugal
| | - Duarte Nuno Vieira
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde (Pólo III), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Margalho
- Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses-Delegação do Centro, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde (Pólo III), Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
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Park SH, Hong SH, Kim K, Lee SW, Yon DK, Jung SJ, Abdeen Z, Ghayda RA, Ahmed MLCB, Serouri AA, Al‐Herz W, Al‐Shamsi HO, Ali S, Ali K, Baatarkhuu O, Nielsen HB, Bernini‐Carri E, Bondarenko A, Cassell A, Cham A, Chua MLK, Dadabhai S, Darre T, Davtyan H, Dragioti E, East B, Edwards RJ, Ferioli M, Georgiev T, Ghandour LA, Harapan H, Hsueh P, Mallah SI, Ikram A, Inoue S, Jacob L, Janković SM, Jayarajah U, Jesenak M, Kakodkar P, Kapata N, Kebede Y, Khader Y, Kifle M, Koh D, Maleš VK, Kotfis K, Koyanagi A, Kretchy J, Lakoh S, Lee J, Lee JY, Mendonça MDLL, Ling L, Llibre‐Guerra J, Machida M, Makurumidze R, Memish ZA, Mendoza I, Moiseev S, Nadasdy T, Nahshon C, Ñamendys‐Silva SA, Yongsi BN, Nicolasora AD, Nugmanova Z, Oh H, Oksanen A, Owopetu O, Ozguler ZO, Parperis K, Perez GE, Pongpirul K, Rademaker M, Radojevic N, Roca A, Rodriguez‐Morales AJ, Roshi E, Saeed KMI, Sah R, Sakakushev B, Sallam DE, Sathian B, Schober P, Ali PSS, Simonović Z, Singhal T, Skhvitaridze N, Solmi M, Subbaram K, Tizaoui K, Tlhakanelo JT, Torales J, Torres‐Roman JS, Tsartsalis D, Tsolmon J, Vieira DN, Rosa SGV, Wanghi G, Wollina U, Xu R, Yang L, Zia K, Zildzic M, Il Shin J, Smith L. Nonpharmaceutical interventions reduce the incidence and mortality of COVID‐19: A study based on the survey from the International COVID‐19 Research Network (ICRN). J Med Virol 2023; 95. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1002/jmv.28354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe recently emerged novel coronavirus, “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2),” caused a highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). It has severely damaged the world's most developed countries and has turned into a major threat for low‐ and middle‐income countries. Since its emergence in late 2019, medical interventions have been substantial, and most countries relied on public health measures collectively known as nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). We aimed to centralize the accumulative knowledge of NPIs against COVID‐19 for each country under one worldwide consortium. International COVID‐19 Research Network collaborators developed a cross‐sectional online survey to assess the implications of NPIs and sanitary supply on the incidence and mortality of COVID‐19. The survey was conducted between January 1 and February 1, 2021, and participants from 92 countries/territories completed it. The association between NPIs, sanitation supplies, and incidence and mortality were examined by multivariate regression, with the log‐transformed value of population as an offset value. The majority of countries/territories applied several preventive strategies, including social distancing (100.0%), quarantine (100.0%), isolation (98.9%), and school closure (97.8%). Individual‐level preventive measures such as personal hygiene (100.0%) and wearing facial masks (94.6% at hospitals; 93.5% at mass transportation; 91.3% in mass gathering facilities) were also frequently applied. Quarantine at a designated place was negatively associated with incidence and mortality compared to home quarantine. Isolation at a designated place was also associated with reduced mortality compared to home isolation. Recommendations to use sanitizer for personal hygiene reduced incidence compared to the recommendation to use soap. Deprivation of masks was associated with increased incidence. Higher incidence and mortality were found in countries/territories with higher economic levels. Mask deprivation was pervasive regardless of economic level. NPIs against COVID‐19 such as using sanitizer, quarantine, and isolation can decrease the incidence and mortality of COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwi Hong
- Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanghyun Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health Yonsei University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jae Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health Yonsei University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ziad Abdeen
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine Al‐Quds University East Jerusalem Palestine
| | - Ramy Abou Ghayda
- Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Humaid O. Al‐Shamsi
- Burjeel Cancer Institute, Burjeel Medical City Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Sheeza Ali
- School of Medicine, The Maldives National University Male Maldives
| | - Kosar Ali
- University of Sulaimani College of Medicine Sulaymaniyah Iraq
| | - Oidov Baatarkhuu
- Department of Infectious Diseases Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences Ulaanbaatar Mongolia
| | - Henning Bay Nielsen
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Roskilde Denmark
- Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Enrico Bernini‐Carri
- European Centre for Disaster Medicine, Council of Europe (CEMEC) Strasbourg France
| | - Anastasiia Bondarenko
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology, Infectious and Rare Diseases International European University Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Ayun Cassell
- John F. Kennedy Medical Center, Edison New Jersey United States of America
| | - Akway Cham
- School of Medicine, University of Juba Juba South Sudan
| | - Melvin L. K. Chua
- Department of Head and Neck and Thoracic Cancers, Division of Radiation Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Oncology Academic Programme, Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
- Division of Medical Sciences National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Sufia Dadabhai
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland United States of America
| | - Tchin Darre
- Department of Pathology University of Lomé Lome Togo
| | - Hayk Davtyan
- Tuberculosis Research and Prevention Center Yerevan Armenia
| | - Elena Dragioti
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Barbora East
- 3rd Department of Surgery 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University, Motol University Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | | | - Martina Ferioli
- Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Tsvetoslav Georgiev
- First Department of Internal Medicine Medical University—Varna Varna Bulgaria
| | | | - Harapan Harapan
- Department of Microbiology Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia
| | - Po‐Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Saad I. Mallah
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland ‐ Bahrain Al Sayh Bahrain
| | - Aamer Ikram
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Shigeru Inoue
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Tokyo Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Dr. Antoni Pujadas Barcelona Spain
- Faculty of Medicine University of Versailles Saint‐Quentin‐en‐Yvelines, Montigny‐le‐Bretonneux France
| | | | - Umesh Jayarajah
- Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo Colombo Sri Lanka
| | - Milos Jesenak
- Department of Pediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin University Teaching Hospital in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava Bratislava Slovakia
| | | | - Nathan Kapata
- Zambia National Public Health Institute Lusaka Zambia
| | - Yohannes Kebede
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society Jimma University Jimma Ethiopia
| | - Yousef Khader
- Department of Public Health Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
| | - Meron Kifle
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom
| | - David Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore, Singapore Singapore
| | - Višnja Kokić Maleš
- Clinical Hospital Centre Split, University Department of Health Studies University of Split Croatia
| | - Katarzyna Kotfis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin Szczecin Poland
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, ICREA, CIBERSAM, ISCIII Barcelona Spain
| | - James‐Paul Kretchy
- Public Health Unit, School of Medicine and Health Sciences Central University Accra Ghana
| | - Sulaiman Lakoh
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences University of Sierra Leone Freetown Sierra Leone
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju‐si Gangwon‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Lee
- Department of Nephrology Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju‐si Gangwon‐do Republic of Korea
| | | | - Lowell Ling
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR China
| | | | - Masaki Machida
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Tokyo Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Richard Makurumidze
- Family Medicine, Global and Public Health Unit University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Harare Zimbabwe
| | - Ziad A. Memish
- Director Research and Innovation Center, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health & College of Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ivan Mendoza
- Tropical Cardiology Central University of Venezuela, Caracas Venezuela
| | - Sergey Moiseev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow Russia
| | | | - Chen Nahshon
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery & Oncology Carmel Medical Center Haifa Israel
| | - Silvio A. Ñamendys‐Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia Mexico City Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Hans Oh
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles California United States of America
| | - Atte Oksanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Oluwatomi Owopetu
- Department of Community Medicine University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Zeynep Ozge Ozguler
- General Directorate of Public Health Ministry of Health of Turkey Adnan Saygun St, Çankaya Ankara Turkey
| | | | | | - Krit Pongpirul
- School of Global Health and Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Marius Rademaker
- Clinical Trials New Zealand, Waikato Hospital Campus Hamilton New Zealand
| | | | - Anna Roca
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara Gambia
| | - Alfonso J. Rodriguez‐Morales
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Americas ‐ Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas Pereira Colombia
- Master of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
- Gilbert and Rose‐Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University Beirut Lebanon
| | - Enver Roshi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Medicine of Tirana Albania
| | | | - Ranjit Sah
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine Kathmandu Nepal
| | - Boris Sakakushev
- RIMU/Research Institute of Medical University Plovdiv Bulgaria
- Chair of Propedeutics of Surgical Diseases
- University Hospital St. George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Dina E. Sallam
- Pediatrics and Pediatric Nephrology Department Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Brijesh Sathian
- Geriatrics and Long Term Care Department Rumailah Hospital Doha Qatar
| | - Patrick Schober
- Department of Anesthesiology Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands
| | | | | | - Tanu Singhal
- Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Research Institute Mumbai India
| | | | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry University of Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Department of Mental Health Ontario Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program University of Ottawa, Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany
| | - Kannan Subbaram
- School of Medicine, The Maldives National University Male Maldives
| | - Kalthoum Tizaoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Actives Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis University Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - John Thato Tlhakanelo
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health University of Botswana, Faculty of Medicine Gaborone Botswana
| | - Julio Torales
- National University of Asunción, School of Medical Sciences San Lorenzo Paraguay
| | | | | | - Jadamba Tsolmon
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences (MNUMS) Ulaanbaatar Mongolia
| | | | | | - Guy Wanghi
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Kinshasa Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Physiology Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology Städtisches Klinikum Dresden – Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden Germany
| | - Ren‐He Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences University of Macau Macau China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services School of Medicine, University of Calgary Calgary Canada
| | - Kashif Zia
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Muharem Zildzic
- Academy of Medical Science of Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health Performance and Wellbeing Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge United Kingdom
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6
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Santa-Rosa B, Silvestre M, Vieira DN, Corte Real F. Medico-Legal Examination of Sexual Assaulted Victims Unable to Consent in Portugal: Ethical Decision-Making. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2022; 35:917-923. [DOI: 10.20344/amp.17166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Medical decision-making is a complex task in any field. In the medico-legal examination of victims that have (allegedly) been sexually assaulted there are many specific variables and features influencing the decision. It is essential to complement the clinical intervention with a forensic approach. Clinical parameters such as the victim’s physical and cognitive state along with circumstantial information such as the elapsed time from the event and the type of abuse (described or suspected) grant different levels of priority to the forensic medical assessment. In such cases, forensic medical doctors or other medical doctors responsible for attending to the victim may have to decide whether to perform the examination prior to a judicial analysis of the case if consent cannot be obtained. This implies the need to deliberate about performing the examination and/or reporting the case to legal authorities. This article discusses the forensic medical decision-making process in cases of alleged recent sexual assault of victims who are legally unable to consent or unable to consent for other reasons. We aimed to identify possible ethical problems that can arise in this context and discuss which elements should be considered by medical doctors when making decisions about such cases. The Portuguese legal framework of medico-legal examinations is analyzed. The authors also make considerations about reporting these cases from a legal point of view. The discussion turns to an ethical perspective where possible ethical problems arising from medical deliberation are identified. Issues about legally incompetent victims and incompetent victims due to other reasons are addressed. A decision-making tree, based on the problems identified, is proposed.
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7
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Park SH, Hong SH, Kim K, Lee SW, Yon DK, Jung SJ, Abdeen Z, Brahim Ahmed MLC, Serouri AA, Al‐Herz W, Subbaram K, Shaik Syed P, Ali S, ALI KOSAR, Al‐Shamsi HO, Baatarkhuu O, Nielsen HB, BERNINI‐CARRI E, Bondarenko A, Cassell A, Cham A, Chua MLK, Dadabhai S, Darre T, Davtyan H, Dragioti E, East B, Jeffrey Edwards R, Ferioli M, Georgiev T, Ghandour L, Harapan H, Hsueh P, Ikram A, Inoue S, Jacob L, Janković S, Jayarajah U, Jesenak M, Kakodkar P, Kapata N, Kebede Y, Khader Y, Kifle M, Koh D, Maleš VK, Kotfis K, Koyanagi A, Kretchy J, Lakoh S, Lee J, Lee JY, Mendonça MDLL, Ling L, Llibre‐Guerra J, Machida M, Makurumidze R, Mallah S, Memish ZA, MENDOZA IVAN, Moiseev S, Nadasdy T, Nahshon C, ÑAMENDYS‐SILVA SILVIOA, Yongsi BN, Nicolasora AD, Nugmanova Z, Oh H, Oksanen A, OWOPETU OLUWATOMI, Ozguler ZO, Perez GE, Pongpirul K, Rademaker M, Radojevic N, Roca A, Rodriguez‐Morales AJ, Viveiros Rosa SG, Roshi E, SAEED KMI, Sah R, Sakakushev B, Sallam DE, SATHIAN BRIJESH, Schober P, Simonović Z, Singhal T, Skhvitaridze N, Solmi M, Tizaoui K, TLHAKANELO JOHNTHATO, Torales J, Torres‐Roman S, Tsartsalis D, Tsolmon J, Vieira DN, Wanghi G, Wollina U, Xu R, Yang L, Zia K, Zildzic M, Il Shin J, Smith L. Nonpharmaceutical interventions reduce the incidence and mortality of COVID-19: A study based on the survey from the International COVID-19 Research Network (ICRN). J Med Virol 2022; 95:e28354. [PMID: 36447130 PMCID: PMC9878143 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The recently emerged novel coronavirus, "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)," caused a highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has severely damaged the world's most developed countries and has turned into a major threat for low- and middle-income countries. Since its emergence in late 2019, medical interventions have been substantial, and most countries relied on public health measures collectively known as nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). We aimed to centralize the accumulative knowledge of NPIs against COVID-19 for each country under one worldwide consortium. International COVID-19 Research Network collaborators developed a cross-sectional online survey to assess the implications of NPIs and sanitary supply on the incidence and mortality of COVID-19. The survey was conducted between January 1 and February 1, 2021, and participants from 92 countries/territories completed it. The association between NPIs, sanitation supplies, and incidence and mortality were examined by multivariate regression, with the log-transformed value of population as an offset value. The majority of countries/territories applied several preventive strategies, including social distancing (100.0%), quarantine (100.0%), isolation (98.9%), and school closure (97.8%). Individual-level preventive measures such as personal hygiene (100.0%) and wearing facial masks (94.6% at hospitals; 93.5% at mass transportation; 91.3% in mass gathering facilities) were also frequently applied. Quarantine at a designated place was negatively associated with incidence and mortality compared to home quarantine. Isolation at a designated place was also associated with reduced mortality compared to home isolation. Recommendations to use sanitizer for personal hygiene reduced incidence compared to the recommendation to use soap. Deprivation of masks was associated with increased incidence. Higher incidence and mortality were found in countries/territories with higher economic levels. Mask deprivation was pervasive regardless of economic level. NPIs against COVID-19 such as using sanitizer, quarantine, and isolation can decrease the incidence and mortality of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung Hwi Hong
- Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Kwanghyun Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea,Department of Public HealthYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Data Science, Sejong University College of Software ConvergenceSeoulSouth Korea,Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sun Jae Jung
- Department of Public HealthYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Ziad Abdeen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Augusta Victoria Hospital, Address: Al Tour, East Jerusalem
| | | | | | | | - Kannan Subbaram
- School of Medicine, The Maldives National University School of MedicineMaldives
| | - P. Shaik Syed
- School of Medicine, The Maldives National University School of MedicineMaldives
| | - Sheeza Ali
- School of Medicine, The Maldives National University School of MedicineMaldives
| | - KOSAR ALI
- University of Sulaimani college of medicine
| | - Humaid O. Al‐Shamsi
- Burjeel Cancer Institute, Burjeel Medical City, Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Oidov Baatarkhuu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences
| | - Henning Bay Nielsen
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Zealand University Hospital RoskildeRoskildeDenmark,Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of CopenhagenDenmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Melvin LK Chua
- National Cancer Centre Singapore,Duke‐NUS medical school
| | - Sufia Dadabhai
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; BlantyreMalawi
| | - Tchin Darre
- Department of Pathology, University of LoméTogo
| | | | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Barbora East
- 3rd, Department of Surgery, 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University, Motol University HospitalPrague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martina Ferioli
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Respiratory and Critical Care UnitBolognaItaly,Department of Clinical, Integrated and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum UniversityBolognaItaly
| | | | | | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research UnitUniversitas Syiah KualaBanda AcehIndonesia
| | - Po‐Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | | | - Shigeru Inoue
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de LlobregatBarcelona08830Spain,Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint‐Quentin‐en‐Yvelines78180Montigny‐le‐BretonneuxFrance
| | | | - Umesh Jayarajah
- Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of ColomboSri Lanka
| | - Milos Jesenak
- Department of Pediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in MartinComenius University in Bratislava, University Teaching Hospital in Martin
| | | | | | - Yohannes Kebede
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Jimma UniversityEthiopia
| | | | - Meron Kifle
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - David Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore
| | | | - Katarzyna Kotfis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University in SzczecinPoland
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Parc Sanitari San Joan de Deu, ICREA, CIBERSAM, ISCIII
| | - James‐Paul Kretchy
- Public Health Unit, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Central University, P. O. Box2305AccraGhana
| | - Sulaiman Lakoh
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Masaki Machida
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
| | - Richard Makurumidze
- University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Family Medicine, Global and Public Health Unit
| | - Saad Mallah
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland ‐Bahrain
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Director Research and Innovation Center, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of health
| | - IVAN MENDOZA
- Tropical Cardiology. Central University of Venezuela
| | | | | | - Chen Nahshon
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery & Oncology, Carmel Medical Center, HaifaIsrael
| | - SILVIO A. ÑAMENDYS‐SILVA
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran; Instituto Nacional de CancerologiaMexico CityMexico
| | | | - Amalea Dulcene Nicolasora
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Alabang, Muntinlupa CityPhilippines1781
| | | | - Hans Oh
- University of Southern California
| | - Atte Oksanen
- Faculty of social sciencesTampere UniversityFinland
| | - OLUWATOMI OWOPETU
- Department of Community Medicine, University College HospitalIbadanNigeria
| | | | | | | | - Marius Rademaker
- Marius Rademaker Waikato Clinical Campus, University of Auckland Medical SchoolHamiltonNew Zealand
| | | | - Anna Roca
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, The Gambia
| | - Alfonso J. Rodriguez‐Morales
- Grupo de Investigación BiomedicinaFaculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las AmericasPereiraColombia,Universidad Cientifica del SurLimaPeru
| | | | | | | | - Ranjit Sah
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine
| | - Boris Sakakushev
- RIMU/Research Institute of Medical University Plovdiv,Chair of Propedeutics of Surgical Diseases,University Hospital St George Plovdiv
| | - Dina Ebrahem Sallam
- Pediatrics & Pediatric Nephrology Department, Faculty of MedicineAin Shams UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - BRIJESH SATHIAN
- Geriatrics and long term care department, Rumailah HospitalDohaQatar
| | - Patrick Schober
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of AnesthesiologyAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Tanu Singhal
- Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute
| | | | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of OttawaOntarioCanada,Department of Mental HealthThe Ottawa HospitalOntarioCanada,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
| | - kalthoum Tizaoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Actives Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of TunisUniversity Tunis El Manar
| | | | - Julio Torales
- National University of Asunción, School of Medical SciencesParaguay
| | - Smith Torres‐Roman
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert WienerLima15108Peru
| | - Dimitrios Tsartsalis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Address: Leof Vasilissis Sofias 8011527AthensGreece
| | | | | | - Guy Wanghi
- University of Kinshasa Faculty of Medicine
| | - Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden – Academic Teaching HospitalDresdenGermany
| | - Ren‐He Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services; School of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | - Kashif Zia
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, U.K
| | | | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health Performance and WellbeingAnglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK, CB1 1PT
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8
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Park SH, Hong SH, Kim K, Lee SW, Yon DK, Jung SJ, Abdeen Z, Brahim Ahmed MLC, Serouri AA, Al‐Herz W, Subbaram K, Shaik Syed P, Ali S, ALI KOSAR, Al‐Shamsi HO, Baatarkhuu O, Nielsen HB, BERNINI‐CARRI E, Bondarenko A, Cassell A, Cham A, Chua MLK, Dadabhai S, Darre T, Davtyan H, Dragioti E, East B, Jeffrey Edwards R, Ferioli M, Georgiev T, Ghandour L, Harapan H, Hsueh P, Ikram A, Inoue S, Jacob L, Janković S, Jayarajah U, Jesenak M, Kakodkar P, Kapata N, Kebede Y, Khader Y, Kifle M, Koh D, Maleš VK, Kotfis K, Koyanagi A, Kretchy J, Lakoh S, Lee J, Lee JY, Mendonça MDLL, Ling L, Llibre‐Guerra J, Machida M, Makurumidze R, Mallah S, Memish ZA, MENDOZA IVAN, Moiseev S, Nadasdy T, Nahshon C, ÑAMENDYS‐SILVA SILVIOA, Yongsi BN, Nicolasora AD, Nugmanova Z, Oh H, Oksanen A, OWOPETU OLUWATOMI, Ozguler ZO, Perez GE, Pongpirul K, Rademaker M, Radojevic N, Roca A, Rodriguez‐Morales AJ, Viveiros Rosa SG, Roshi E, SAEED KMI, Sah R, Sakakushev B, Sallam DE, SATHIAN BRIJESH, Schober P, Simonović Z, Singhal T, Skhvitaridze N, Solmi M, Tizaoui K, TLHAKANELO JOHNTHATO, Torales J, Torres‐Roman S, Tsartsalis D, Tsolmon J, Vieira DN, Wanghi G, Wollina U, Xu R, Yang L, Zia K, Zildzic M, Il Shin J, Smith L. Non‐Pharmaceutical Interventions Reduce the Incidence, and Mortality of COVID‐19: A Study based on the Survey from the International COVID‐19 Research Network (ICRN). J Med Virol 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.28354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung Hwi Hong
- Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Kwanghyun Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of Public HealthYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Data Science, Sejong University College of Software ConvergenceSeoulSouth Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sun Jae Jung
- Department of Public HealthYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Ziad Abdeen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Augusta Victoria Hospital, Address: Al Tour, East Jerusalem
| | | | | | | | - Kannan Subbaram
- School of Medicine, The Maldives National University School of MedicineMaldives
| | - P. Shaik Syed
- School of Medicine, The Maldives National University School of MedicineMaldives
| | - Sheeza Ali
- School of Medicine, The Maldives National University School of MedicineMaldives
| | - KOSAR ALI
- University of Sulaimani college of medicine
| | - Humaid O. Al‐Shamsi
- Burjeel Cancer Institute, Burjeel Medical City, Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Oidov Baatarkhuu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences
| | - Henning Bay Nielsen
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Zealand University Hospital RoskildeRoskildeDenmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of CopenhagenDenmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sufia Dadabhai
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; BlantyreMalawi
| | - Tchin Darre
- Department of Pathology, University of LoméTogo
| | | | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Barbora East
- 3rd, Department of Surgery, 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University, Motol University HospitalPrague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martina Ferioli
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Respiratory and Critical Care UnitBolognaItaly
- Department of Clinical, Integrated and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum UniversityBolognaItaly
| | | | | | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research UnitUniversitas Syiah KualaBanda AcehIndonesia
| | - Po‐Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | | | - Shigeru Inoue
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de LlobregatBarcelona08830Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint‐Quentin‐en‐Yvelines78180Montigny‐le‐BretonneuxFrance
| | | | - Umesh Jayarajah
- Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of ColomboSri Lanka
| | - Milos Jesenak
- Department of Pediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in MartinComenius University in Bratislava, University Teaching Hospital in Martin
| | | | | | - Yohannes Kebede
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Jimma UniversityEthiopia
| | | | - Meron Kifle
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - David Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore
| | | | - Katarzyna Kotfis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University in SzczecinPoland
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Parc Sanitari San Joan de Deu, ICREA, CIBERSAM, ISCIII
| | - James‐Paul Kretchy
- Public Health Unit, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Central University, P. O. Box2305AccraGhana
| | - Sulaiman Lakoh
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Masaki Machida
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
| | - Richard Makurumidze
- University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Family Medicine, Global and Public Health Unit
| | - Saad Mallah
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland ‐Bahrain
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Director Research and Innovation Center, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of health
| | - IVAN MENDOZA
- Tropical Cardiology. Central University of Venezuela
| | | | | | - Chen Nahshon
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery & Oncology, Carmel Medical Center, HaifaIsrael
| | - SILVIO A. ÑAMENDYS‐SILVA
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran; Instituto Nacional de CancerologiaMexico CityMexico
| | | | - Amalea Dulcene Nicolasora
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Alabang, Muntinlupa CityPhilippines1781
| | | | - Hans Oh
- University of Southern California
| | - Atte Oksanen
- Faculty of social sciencesTampere UniversityFinland
| | - OLUWATOMI OWOPETU
- Department of Community Medicine, University College HospitalIbadanNigeria
| | | | | | | | - Marius Rademaker
- Marius Rademaker Waikato Clinical Campus, University of Auckland Medical SchoolHamiltonNew Zealand
| | | | - Anna Roca
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, The Gambia
| | - Alfonso J. Rodriguez‐Morales
- Grupo de Investigación BiomedicinaFaculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las AmericasPereiraColombia
- Universidad Cientifica del SurLimaPeru
| | | | | | | | - Ranjit Sah
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine
| | - Boris Sakakushev
- RIMU/Research Institute of Medical University Plovdiv
- Chair of Propedeutics of Surgical Diseases
- University Hospital St George Plovdiv
| | - Dina Ebrahem Sallam
- Pediatrics & Pediatric Nephrology Department, Faculty of MedicineAin Shams UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - BRIJESH SATHIAN
- Geriatrics and long term care department, Rumailah HospitalDohaQatar
| | - Patrick Schober
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of AnesthesiologyAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Tanu Singhal
- Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute
| | | | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of OttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of Mental HealthThe Ottawa HospitalOntarioCanada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
| | - kalthoum Tizaoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Actives Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of TunisUniversity Tunis El Manar
| | | | - Julio Torales
- National University of Asunción, School of Medical SciencesParaguay
| | - Smith Torres‐Roman
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert WienerLima15108Peru
| | - Dimitrios Tsartsalis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Address: Leof Vasilissis Sofias 8011527AthensGreece
| | | | | | - Guy Wanghi
- University of Kinshasa Faculty of Medicine
| | - Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden – Academic Teaching HospitalDresdenGermany
| | - Ren‐He Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services; School of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | - Kashif Zia
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, U.K
| | | | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health Performance and WellbeingAnglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK, CB1 1PT
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9
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Cao Y, Ma Y, Yang X, Xiong J, Wang Y, Zhang J, Qin Z, Chen Y, Vieira DN, Chen F, Zhang J, Huang P. Use of deep learning in forensic sex estimation of virtual pelvic models from the Han population. Forensic Sci Res 2022; 7:540-549. [PMID: 36353321 PMCID: PMC9639534 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2021.2024369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate sex estimation is crucial to determine the identity of human skeletal remains effectively. Here, we developed convolutional neural network (CNN) models for sex estimation on virtual hemi-pelvic regions, including the ventral pubis (VP), dorsal pubis (DP), greater sciatic notch (GSN), pelvic inlet (PI), ischium, and acetabulum from the Han population and compared these models with two experienced forensic anthropologists using morphological methods. A Computed Tomography (CT) dataset of 862 individuals was divided into the subgroups of training, validation, and testing, respectively. The CT-based virtual hemi-pelvises from the training and validation groups were used to calibrate sex estimation models; and then a testing dataset was used to evaluate the performance of the trained models and two human experts on the sex estimation of specific pelvic regions in terms of overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Except for the ischium and acetabulum, the CNN models trained with the VP, DP, GSN, and PI images achieved excellent results with all the prediction metrics over 0.9. All accuracies were superior to those of the two forensic anthropologists in the independent testing. Notably, the heatmap results confirmed that the trained CNN models were focused on traditional sexual anatomic traits for sex classification. This study demonstrates the potential of AI techniques based on the radiological dataset in sex estimation of virtual pelvic models. The excellent sex estimation performance obtained by the CNN models indicates that this method is valuable to proceed with in prospective forensic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Department of Medical Imaging, 3201 Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Hanzhong, Shannxi, China
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jian Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijiu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
| | - Duarte Nuno Vieira
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
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10
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Cecchi R, Cusack D, Ludes B, Madea B, Vieira DN, Keller E, Payne-James J, Sajantila A, Vali M, Zoia R, Cucurachi N, Schirripa ML, Marezza F, Anzillotti L, Donato L, Cattaneo C, Favretto D, Pelotti S, Pinchi V, Vanin S, Gherardi M. European Council of Legal Medicine (ECLM) on-site inspection forms for forensic pathology, anthropology, odontology, genetics, entomology and toxicology for forensic and medico-legal scene and corpse investigation: the Parma form. Int J Legal Med 2022; 136:1037-1049. [PMID: 35013768 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Further to a previous publication by the European Council of Legal Medicine (ECLM) concerning on-site forensic and medico-legal scene and corpse investigation, this publication provides guidance for forensic medical specialists, pathologists and, where present, coroners' activity at a scene of death inspection and to harmonize the procedures for a correct search, detection, collection, sampling and storage of all elements which may be useful as evidence, and ensure documentation of all these steps. This ECLM's inspection form provides a checklist to be used on-site for the investigation of a corpse present at a crime or suspicious death scene. It permits the collection of all relevant data not only for the pathologist, but also for forensic anthropologists, odontologists, geneticists, entomologists and toxicologists, thus supporting a collaborative work approach. Detailed instructions for the completion of forms are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cecchi
- Institute of Legal Medicine of Parma Working Group, Parma, Italy. .,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - D Cusack
- European Council of Legal Medicine Board, Cologne, Germany.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland and Coroner's District of Kildare, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Ludes
- European Council of Legal Medicine Board, Cologne, Germany.,Institut Médico-Légal and Institut National de La Transfusion Sanguigne, Paris, France
| | - B Madea
- European Council of Legal Medicine Board, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D N Vieira
- European Council of Legal Medicine Board, Cologne, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - E Keller
- European Council of Legal Medicine Board, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Payne-James
- European Council of Legal Medicine Board, Cologne, Germany.,Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - A Sajantila
- European Council of Legal Medicine Board, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland and Forensic Medicine Unit, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Vali
- European Council of Legal Medicine Board, Cologne, Germany.,Department of the Estonian Bureau of Forensic Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - R Zoia
- European Council of Legal Medicine Board, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for the Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - N Cucurachi
- Institute of Legal Medicine of Parma Working Group, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - M L Schirripa
- Institute of Legal Medicine of Parma Working Group, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - F Marezza
- Institute of Legal Medicine of Parma Working Group, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - L Anzillotti
- Institute of Legal Medicine of Parma Working Group, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - L Donato
- Institute of Legal Medicine of Parma Working Group, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - C Cattaneo
- European Council of Legal Medicine Board, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for the Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - D Favretto
- Italian Anthropology, Toxicology, Genetics and Entomology Groups, Villasimius, Italy.,Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - S Pelotti
- Italian Anthropology, Toxicology, Genetics and Entomology Groups, Villasimius, Italy.,Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Pinchi
- Italian Anthropology, Toxicology, Genetics and Entomology Groups, Villasimius, Italy.,International Organization for Forensic Odonto-Stomatology, Florence, Italy
| | - S Vanin
- Italian Anthropology, Toxicology, Genetics and Entomology Groups, Villasimius, Italy.,Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Gherardi
- Institute of Legal Medicine of Parma Working Group, Parma, Italy.,Department of Prevention of the Local Health Authority, Aosta, Italy
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11
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Rosado T, Barroso M, Vieira DN, Gallardo E. Trends in microextraction approaches for handling human hair extracts - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1185:338792. [PMID: 34711317 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The complementary role of hair in testing scenarios has expanded across the spectrum of toxicological and clinical monitoring investigations and, over the last 20 years, hair analysis has gained increasing attention and recognition. Moreover, a great deal of attention has been paid to the miniaturisation of extraction procedures, minimising/eliminating toxic organic solvents consumption, making them user-friendly and rapid, in addition to maximising extraction efficiency. The aim of this work is to provide a critical review of the advances observed over the last 5 years in the use of miniaturised approaches for sample clean-up and drug pre-concentration in hair analysis. There have been major improvements in some well-established microextraction approaches, such as liquid phase microextraction, mainly through the use of supramolecular and ionic liquids. In addition, new developments have also been reported in solid phase microextraction, driven by d-SPE applications. In the last 5 years, a total of 69 articles have been published using some type of microextraction technique for hair specimens, thus justifying the relevance of a critical review of innovations, improvements and trends related to these miniaturised approaches for sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Rosado
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia - UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; C4 - Cloud Computing Competence Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário Barroso
- Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, Delegação do Sul, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia - UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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12
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Cao Y, Ma Y, Vieira DN, Guo Y, Wang Y, Deng K, Chen Y, Zhang J, Qin Z, Chen F, Huang P, Zhang J. A potential method for sex estimation of human skeletons using deep learning and three-dimensional surface scanning. Int J Legal Med 2021; 135:2409-2421. [PMID: 34459973 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Deep learning based on radiological methods has attracted considerable attention in forensic anthropology because of its superior classification capacities over human experts. However, radiological instruments are limited in their nature of high cost and immobility. Here, we integrated a deep learning algorithm and three-dimensional (3D) surface scanning technique into a portable system for pelvic sex estimation. Briefly, the images of the ventral pubis (VP), dorsal pubis (DP), and greater sciatic notch (GSN) were cropped from virtual pelvic samples reconstructed from CT scans of 1000 individuals; 80% of them were used to train and internally evaluate convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that were then evaluated externally with the remaining samples. An additional 105 real pelvises were documented virtually with a handheld 3D surface scanner, and the corresponding snapshots of the VP, DP, and GSN were predicted by the trained CNN models. The CNN models achieved excellent performance in the external testing using CT-based images, with accuracies of 98.0%, 98.5%, and 94.0% for VP, DP, and GSN, respectively. When the CT-based models were applied to 3D scanning images, they obtained satisfactory accuracies above 95% on the VP and DP images compared to the GSN with 73.3%. In a single-blind trial, a multiple design that combined the three CNN models yielded a superior accuracy of 97.1% with 3D surface scanning images over two anthropologists. Our study demonstrates the great potential of deep learning and 3D surface scanning for rapid and accurate sex estimation of skeletal remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Cao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Department of Medical Imaging, 3201 Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Hanzhong, Shannxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Duarte Nuno Vieira
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Yucheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaifei Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijiu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ji Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Vieira DN. Acute liver failure requiring transplantation: A possible link to ulipristal acetate treatment? Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 129:278-282. [PMID: 34187080 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present case describes in detail a 55-year-old woman diagnosed with acute liver injury 3 days after completion of the first treatment course with ulipristal acetate (UPA), 5 mg/day orally for uterine fibroids causing persistent bleeding (treatment duration of 109 days). Liver transplantation was performed approximately 6 weeks after UPA suspension, and a photograph of the explanted liver is presented. Of note, other common causes of acute liver injury, such as history of alcohol or other psychoactive substances abuse, viral hepatitis and autoimmune hepatitis or preexisting liver disease were all excluded. This case was reported to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and contributed to the final recommendations of the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) disclosed in January 2021. The causality assessment considered a probable case of drug-induced liver injury as a consequence of UPA treatment, and the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) was scored as unlikely. Although further studies are needed aiming to avoid confounding factors, this case suggests that liver function tests should be monitored during treatment with UPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
- TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative (CESPU), CRL, Gandra, Portugal.,Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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14
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Ranavaya M, Vieira DN. COVID-19 pandemic and evolution of telemedicine to TeleIME. Forensic Sci Res 2021; 6:183-186. [PMID: 34377576 PMCID: PMC8330784 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2021.1895411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ranavaya
- Division of Occupational, Environmental and Disability Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Duarte Nuno Vieira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute of Legal Medicine and Institute of Bioethics, Coimbra, Portugal
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Editorial Office of Forensic Sciences Research, Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Min Shen
- Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
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16
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Zhang J, Zhou Y, Vieira DN, Cao Y, Deng K, Cheng Q, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Qin Z, Ma K, Chen Y, Huang P. An efficient method for building a database of diatom populations for drowning site inference using a deep learning algorithm. Int J Legal Med 2021; 135:817-827. [PMID: 33392655 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02497-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal or monthly databases of the diatom populations in specific bodies of water are needed to infer the drowning site of a drowned body. However, existing diatom testing methods are laborious, time-consuming, and costly and usually require specific expertise. In this study, we developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based system as a substitute for manual morphological examination capable of identifying and classifying diatoms at the species level. Within two days, the system collected information on diatom profiles in the Huangpu and Suzhou Rivers of Shanghai, China. In an animal experiment, the similarities of diatom profiles between lung tissues and water samples were evaluated through a modified Jensen-Shannon (JS) divergence measure for drowning site inference, reaching a prediction accuracy of 92.31%. Considering its high efficiency and simplicity, our proposed method is believed to be more applicable than existing methods for seasonal or monthly water monitoring of diatom populations from sections of interconnected rivers, which would help police narrow the investigation scope to confirm the identity of an immersed body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Duarte Nuno Vieira
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Ethics and Medical Law, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Yongjie Cao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaifei Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzheng Zhu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijun Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, Shanghai Municipal Public Security Bureau, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yijiu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Momtazmanesh S, Samieefar N, Uddin LQ, Ulrichs T, Kelishadi R, Roudenok V, Karakoc-Aydiner E, Salunke DB, Nouwen JL, Becerra JCA, Vieira DN, Goudouris E, Jamee M, Khafaie MA, Shamsizadeh M, Golabchi MR, Samimiat A, Doostkamel D, Afshar A, Tabari MAK, Lotfi M, Boroujeni RY, Rambod N, Stashchak A, Volokha A, Pavalkis D, Pereira A, Latiff AHA, Baylarov R, Amirheidari B, Ch MH, Condino-Neto A, Rezaei N. Socialization During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Social and Scientific Networks During Social Distancing. Adv Exp Med Biol 2021; 1318:911-921. [PMID: 33973219 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63761-3_51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the COVID-19 era, while we are encouraged to be physically far away from each other, social and scientific networking is needed more than ever. The dire consequences of social distancing can be diminished by social networking. Social media, a quintessential component of social networking, facilitates the dissemination of reliable information and fighting against misinformation by health authorities. Distance learning, telemedicine, and telehealth are among the most prominent applications of networking during this pandemic. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of collaborative scientific efforts. In this chapter, we summarize the advantages of harnessing both social and scientific networking in minimizing the harms of this pandemic. We also discuss the extra collaborative measures we can take in our fight against COVID-19, particularly in the scientific field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Momtazmanesh
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noosha Samieefar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,USERN Office, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lucina Q Uddin
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Timo Ulrichs
- Institute for Research in International Assistance, Akkon University for Human Sciences, Berlin, Germany.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Berlin, Germany
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,USERN Office, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vasili Roudenok
- Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Minsk, Belarus
| | - Elif Karakoc-Aydiner
- Division of Pediatric Allergy/Immunology, Marmara University Hospital, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deepak B Salunke
- National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials, Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Chandigarh, India
| | - Jan L Nouwen
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Carlos Aldave Becerra
- Hospital National Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Lima, Peru
| | - Duarte Nuno Vieira
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Institute of Bioethics, University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Portugal, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ekaterini Goudouris
- Pediatrics Department, Medical School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mahnaz Jamee
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,USERN Office, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,USERN Office, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Morteza Shamsizadeh
- USERN Office, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Samimiat
- USERN Office, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Donya Doostkamel
- Faculty of pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,USERN Office, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Alireza Afshar
- USERN Office, The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari
- USERN Office, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Melika Lotfi
- USERN Office, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Yari Boroujeni
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,USERN Office, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Rambod
- USERN Office, Islamic Azad University Medicine Faculty, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Anzhela Stashchak
- Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Alla Volokha
- Pediatric Infectious Disease and Pediatric Immunology Department, Shupyk National Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education, Kiev, Ukraine.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Dainius Pavalkis
- Rector Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - André Pereira
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amir Hamzah Abdul Latiff
- Allergy and Immunology Centre, Pantai Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rauf Baylarov
- Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Bagher Amirheidari
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,USERN Office, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hedayati Ch
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Guilan, Iran.,USERN Office, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Guilan, Iran
| | - Antonio Condino-Neto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran. .,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Rosado T, Gallardo E, Vieira DN, Barroso M. Microextraction by Packed Sorbent as a Novel Strategy for Sample Clean-Up in the Determination of Methadone and EDDP in Hair. J Anal Toxicol 2020; 44:840-850. [PMID: 32364610 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) procedure for rapid concentration of methadone and its primary metabolite (EDDP) in hair samples was developed. The miniaturized approach coupled to gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS) was successfully validated. Hair samples (50 mg) were incubated with 1 mL of 1 M sodium hydroxide for 45 min at 50°C, time after which the extract was neutralized by adding 100 μL of 20% formic acid. Subsequently, MEPS was applied using a M1 sorbent (4 mg; 80% C8 and 20% strong cation-exchange (SCX)), first conditioned with three 250-μL cycles of methanol and three 250-μL cycles of 2% formic acid. The extract load occurred with nine 150-μL cycles followed by a washing step involving three 50-μL cycles with 3.36% formic acid. For the elution of the analytes, six 100-μL cycles of 2.36% ammonium hydroxide in methanol were applied. The method was linear from 0.01 to 5 ng/mg, for both compounds, presenting determination coefficients greater than 0.99. Precision and accuracy were in accordance with the statements of international guidelines for method validation. This new miniaturized approach allowed obtaining recoveries ranging from 73 to 109% for methadone and 84 to 110% for EDDP, proving to be an excellent alternative to classic approaches, as well as other miniaturized procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rosado
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.,Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - E Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.,Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - D N Vieira
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas 3000-548
| | - M Barroso
- Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses - Delegação do Sul, Rua Manuel Bento de Sousa, 3, 1150-219 Lisboa, Portugal
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19
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Momtazmanesh S, Rahmani F, Delavari F, Vahedi Z, Ebadirad S, KeshavarzFathi M, Moallemian M, Ashkevarian S, Kolahi MR, Samimiat A, Raei N, Rouzrokh P, Alesaeidi S, Jaberipour A, Bakhshi S, Paryad-Zanjani S, Perc M, Uddin LQ, Allali A, Sullivan K, Taher A, Baris S, Ozen A, Karakoc-Aydiner E, Aldave JC, Abdul Latiff AH, Al-Herz W, Phantumvanit P, Stashchak A, Kryvenko O, Stashchak M, Utomo D, Salunke D, Kelishadi R, Hedayati M, MirzaHosseini S, Bondarenko A, Goudouris E, Condino-Neto A, Vieira DN, Ulrichs T, Pavalkis D, Rosivall L, Ochs H, Rezaei N. U100: An Innovative USERN Platform for Education and Research Without Borders. ACTA 2020. [DOI: 10.18502/acta.v58i1.3698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The article's abstract is no available.
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20
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Momtazmanesh S, Ochs HD, Uddin LQ, Perc M, Routes JM, Vieira DN, Al-Herz W, Baris S, Prando C, Rosivall L, Abdul Latiff AH, Ulrichs T, Roudenok V, Aldave Becerra JC, Salunke DB, Goudouris E, Condino-Neto A, Stashchak A, Kryvenko O, Stashchak M, Bondarenko A, Rezaei N. All together to Fight COVID-19. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 102:1181-1183. [PMID: 32323644 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), named a pandemic by the WHO, is the current global health crisis. National and international collaboration are indispensable for combating COVID-19 and other similar potential outbreaks. International efforts to tackle this complex problem have led to remarkable scientific advances. Yet, as a global society, we can and must take additional measures to fight this pandemic. Undoubtedly, our approach toward COVID-19 was not perfect, and testing has not been deployed fast enough to arrest the epidemic early on. It is critical that we revise our approaches to be more prepared for pandemics as a united body by promoting global cooperation and commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Momtazmanesh
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), The World.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hans D Ochs
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), The World
| | - Lucina Q Uddin
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), The World
| | - Matjaz Perc
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), The World
| | - John M Routes
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), The World
| | - Duarte Nuno Vieira
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Institute of Bioethics, Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), The World
| | - Waleed Al-Herz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), The World
| | - Safa Baris
- Division of Pediatric Allergy/Immunology, Marmara University Hospital, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), The World
| | - Carolina Prando
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), The World
| | - Laszlo Rosivall
- Institute of Translational Medicine, International Nephrology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), The World
| | - Amir Hamzah Abdul Latiff
- Allergy and Immunology Centre, Pantai Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), The World
| | - Timo Ulrichs
- Institute for Research in International Assistance, Akkon University for Human Sciences, Berlin, Germany.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), The World
| | - Vasili Roudenok
- Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), The World
| | - Juan Carlos Aldave Becerra
- Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), The World
| | - Deepak B Salunke
- Panjab University (PU), Chandigarh, India.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), The World
| | - Ekaterini Goudouris
- Pediatrics Department, Medical School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), The World
| | - Antonio Condino-Neto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), The World
| | - Anzhela Stashchak
- Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), The World
| | - Oleksandr Kryvenko
- Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), The World
| | - Mykola Stashchak
- Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), The World
| | - Anastasia Bondarenko
- Pediatric Infectious Disease and Pediatric Immunology Department, Shupyk National Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education, Kiev, Ukraine.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), The World
| | - Nima Rezaei
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), The World
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21
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Figueiredo C, Coelho J, Pedrosa D, Caetano C, Corte-Real F, Vieira DN, Corte-Real A. Dental evaluation specificity in orofacial damage assessment: A serial case study. J Forensic Leg Med 2019; 68:101861. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2019.101861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Kerbacher S, Pfeifer M, Riener-Hofer R, Berzlanovich A, Eogan M, Galić Mihic A, Haring G, Hejna P, Höller J, Hostiuc S, Klintschar M, Kováč P, Krauskopf A, Leski S, Malacka M, Schwark T, Sprenger H, Verzeletti A, Vieira DN, Wolf S, Yen K. Overview of clinical forensic services in various countries of the European Union. Forensic Sci Res 2019; 5:74-84. [PMID: 32490313 PMCID: PMC7241523 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2019.1656881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Examination of a person who has been a victim of a physical or sexual assault may be very
important for upcoming legal proceedings. In the context of a clinical forensic
examination, physical findings are recorded and biological trace material is gathered and
secured. Ideally, all forensic findings are documented in a detailed report combined with
photographic documentation, which employs a forensic scale to depict the size of the
injuries. However, the integrity of such forensic findings depends particularly on two
factors. First, the examination needs to be conducted professionally to ensure that the
findings are properly admissible as court evidence. Second, the examination should take
place as soon as possible because the opportunity to successfully secure biological
samples declines rapidly with time. Access to low-threshold clinical forensic examinations
is not evenly provided in all member states of the European Union (EU); in some states,
they are not available at all. As part of the JUSTeU! (Juridical
standards for clinical forensic examinations of victims of violence in
Europe) project, the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical Forensic
Imaging in Graz, Austria created (in cooperation with its international partner
consortium) a questionnaire: the purpose was to collect information about support for
victims of physical and/or sexual assault in obtaining a low-threshold clinical forensic
examination in various countries of the EU. Our paper provides a summary of the responses
and an overview of the current situation concerning provided clinical forensic
services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Kerbacher
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical Forensic Imaging, Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Pfeifer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical Forensic Imaging, Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft, Graz, Austria
| | - Reingard Riener-Hofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical Forensic Imaging, Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Maeve Eogan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anita Galić Mihic
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Criminalistics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gregor Haring
- Department for Forensic Medicine and Deontology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petr Hejna
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Höller
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical Forensic Imaging, Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft, Graz, Austria
| | - Sorin Hostiuc
- Department of Legal Medicine, National Institute of Legal Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Michael Klintschar
- Department for Legal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Kováč
- Forensic.sk, Inštitút Forenzných Medicínskych Expertíz, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Astrid Krauskopf
- Institute of Forensic and Traffic Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Leski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical Forensic Imaging, Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft, Graz, Austria
| | - Michal Malacka
- Faculty of Law, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Thorsten Schwark
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Hanna Sprenger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical Forensic Imaging, Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Verzeletti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Duarte Nuno Vieira
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Ethics and Medical Law, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sylvia Wolf
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical Forensic Imaging, Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft, Graz, Austria
| | - Kathrin Yen
- Institute of Forensic and Traffic Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Cordeiro C, Ordóñez-Mayán L, Lendoiro E, Febrero-Bande M, Vieira DN, Muñoz-Barús JI. Corrigendum to “A reliable method for estimating the postmortem interval from the biochemistry of the vitreous humor, temperature and body weight” [Forensic Sci. Int. 295C (2019) 157–168]. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 301:446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Musse JDO, Marques JAM, Remualdo V, Pitlovanciv AK, da Silva CAL, Corte-Real F, Vieira DN, Vieira WDA, Paranhos LR, Corte-Real AT. Deoxyribonucleic Acid Extraction and Quantification from Human Saliva Deposited on Foods with Bitemarks. J Contemp Dent Pract 2019; 20:548-551. [PMID: 31316015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) recovery from bite marks in foods, in different collection types, from DNA quantification. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consisted of 80 swabs, obtained from 20 cheese pieces, bitten by the same person, using the double-swab technique in the center and the periphery of the bite. A statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software version 20.0, with values of p < 0.05 being considered statistically significant. RESULTS The DNA was recovered in all cheese pieces, regardless of the collection types and the bite region. However, the comparative analysis of DNA recovery potential in the four swabs allowed us to infer that the collections in the central region of the bite (DC and WC) were the ones that presented better precision, in addition to extracting a higher DNA concentration, the dry swab being in the center of the bite which presented better results. CONCLUSION The results proved the effectiveness of the double-swab technique for collecting genetic materials in bite marks; however, in the food used, a single collection at the center of the bite would be enough, optimizing the resources and time needed for the analysis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Due to the difficulties of physically comparing a site of a skin lesion and the dental arches of the suspect, the evidence of DNA in saliva has been used to indicate the perpetrator of the bite. In addition, the collection, preservation, and isolation of saliva DNA can be done at low cost and provide flexibility for clinical and laboratory workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamilly de Oliveira Musse
- Health Department, State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil, Phone: +55 75 981371327, e-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luiz Renato Paranhos
- Area of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia (UFU), Minas Gerais, Brazil
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25
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Rosado T, Barroso M, Vieira DN, Gallardo E. Determination of Selected Opiates in Hair Samples Using Microextraction by Packed Sorbent: A New Approach for Sample Clean-up. J Anal Toxicol 2019; 43:465-476. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkz029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In this article the development and validation of an analytical method using microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) to determine tramadol (TRM), codeine (COD), morphine (MOR), 6-acetylcodeine (6-AC), 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) and fentanyl (FNT) in hair samples by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS-MS) is presented. The MEPS used a mixed mode sorbent, and the steps for sample cleanup were conditioning (three cycles of 250 μL of methanol and three cycles of 250 μL formic acid 2%); sample load (15 cycles of 150 μL); wash (150 μL of 3.36% formic acid); and elution (eight cycles of 100 μL of ammonium hydroxide 2.36% (in methanol)). Linearity was obtained from the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) up to 5 ng/mg, with all target compounds revealing determination coefficients >0.99. The LLOQs achieved were 0.01 ng/mg for TRM, COD and 6-AC, and 0.025 ng/mg for MOR, 6-MAM and FNT. The recoveries ranged from 74 to 90% (TRM), 51 to 59% (COD), 22 to 36% (MOR), 69 to 99% (6-AC), 53 to 61% (6-MAM) and 75 to 86% (FNT). Precision and accuracy revealed coefficients of variation typically below 15% and relative errors within a ±15% interval, respectively. This new approach has proven to be an excellent alternative to classic procedures, reducing the volumes of organic solvents required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Rosado
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-556 Covilhã, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, EM506, 6201-556 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário Barroso
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses—Delegação do Sul, Rua Manuel Bento de Sousa, 3, 1169-201 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Duarte Nuno Vieira
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-556 Covilhã, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, EM506, 6201-556 Covilhã, Portugal
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26
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Cordeiro C, Ordóñez-Mayán L, Lendoiro E, Febrero-Bande M, Vieira DN, Muñoz-Barús JI. A reliable method for estimating the postmortem interval from the biochemistry of the vitreous humor, temperature and body weight. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 295:157-168. [PMID: 30611119 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The estimation of the time elapsed since death is of paramount importance in the field of forensic sciences and criminal investigation, owing, among other factors, to the possible legal repercussions. Over the past few years various formulae have been developed to calculate this interval using a combination of different statistical methods and the concentrations of substances found in the vitreous humor. Corrective factors, such as ambient temperature, cause of death or age, which can modify the concentration of these substances and therefore the estimation of the postmortem interval, have been incorporated into models. In this paper five simple and reliable models to estimate PMI based the on the analysis of potassium, hypoxanthine and urea in the vitreous humor are presented. Corrective factors, such as body weight, rectal temperature and ambient temperature, which can influence the estimation of this interval have been incorporated into the formulae. Finally, the R2 and the mean squared error have been calculated for each model in order to select the best of the five. A free software program which calculates the PMI from the model and parameters used is available from the authors. It provides quick and reliable results as well as the error committed and R2 for each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cordeiro
- National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences - Centre Branch, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Forensic Medicine, Ethics and Medical Law, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CENCIFOR (Centre of Forensic Sciences) - Foundation for Science and Technology, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Lucía Ordóñez-Mayán
- Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Elena Lendoiro
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Manuel Febrero-Bande
- Department of Statistics, Mathematical Analysis and Optimization, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Duarte Nuno Vieira
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Ethics and Medical Law, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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27
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Lares Dos Santos C, Gouveia RHD, Vieira DN. Unusual case of a fatal upper esophageal trauma caused by a toothpick. J Forensic Leg Med 2019; 62:82-86. [PMID: 30703715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The authors report the case of the unexpected death of a fifty-year-old female found by her partner in the bathroom floor. External examination revealed some contusions dispersed by different corporal areas and an unusually placed green discoloration of the anterior cervical region. After neck dissection and opening the esophagus, a three and a half centimeter wooden toothpick fragment was found at the upper region, covered by a purulent substance associated with puncture wounds. Histopathological and microbiological studies revealed "acute bilateral cervical cellulitis" and Klebsiella Oxytoca, respectively. Further investigation revealed that during the five days prior to her death, the victim was observed twice in an emergency department with complains of throat discomfort after eating some bread with salami. X-Ray and a laryngoscopy were performed but did not reveal any significant findings. Due to the victim's medical history, she was evaluated by a psychiatrist that dismissed a non-somatic setting due to the type of complains and the elevation of blood inflammatory parameters. Rinopharyngitis was then assumed as the most likely diagnosis and was treated accordingly. The victim died the following day. This case reports an unusual fatal traumatic lesion to the upper esophagus that is a very important remainder, particularly for clinical practitioners, to maintain a high degree of suspicion, avoid diagnostic biases such as those related to psychiatric disorders and meticulously evaluate patients in order to deliver the most evidence-based diagnosis possible. To the best of the authors' knowledge there are no other cases described in the literature of a death caused by esophageal toothpick lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Lares Dos Santos
- Forensic Clinical and Pathology Service, Central Branch of the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences - Portugal, Largo da Sé Nova, 3000-213, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Rosa Henriques de Gouveia
- Forensic Clinical and Pathology Service, Central Branch of the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences - Portugal, Largo da Sé Nova, 3000-213, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Duarte Nuno Vieira
- Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences and of Ethics and Medical Law, Institute of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
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28
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Keller E, Santos C, Cusack D, Väli M, Ferrara D, Ludes B, Mangin P, Payne-James JJ, Vieira DN. European council of legal medicine (ECLM) guidelines for the examination of suspected elder abuse. Int J Legal Med 2018; 133:317-322. [PMID: 29951880 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-018-1880-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Article 25 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (adopted in Nice on 7 December 2000) recognizes and respects the rights of older people to lead a life of dignity and independence and to participate in social and cultural life. It also highlights the importance of prevention and recognition of elder abuse, especially since exposure to violence is likely as the population ages, either in familial or in institutional settings. Elder abuse has some issues in common with child abuse but in spite of this fact currently is less recognized. Health professionals have a major role to play in early detection and management of cases of elder abuse. This protocol summarizes some key concepts and approaches to assist in the timely detection and investigation of elder abuse cases by healthcare professionals and forensic practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Keller
- Department of Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - C Santos
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D Cusack
- School of Medicine, Forensic and Legal Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Office of the Coroner, Naas, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - M Väli
- Forensic Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu, Estonia.,Estonian Forensic Science Institute, Tervise 30, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - D Ferrara
- Legal Medicine and Forensic Toxicology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,International Academy of Legal Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - B Ludes
- France Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, France Institut Médico-Légal, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - P Mangin
- University Center of Legal Medicine, Geneva-Lausanne, Site of Lausanne, Ch de la Vulliette 4, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - D N Vieira
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Ethics and Medical Law, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3000-504, Coimbra, Portugal
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29
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Corte-Real A, Pedrosa D, Saraiva J, Caetano C, Vieira DN. Tri-dimensional pattern analysis of foodstuff bitemarks - A pilot study of tomographic database. Forensic Sci Int 2018; 288:304-309. [PMID: 29843082 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of bitemarks has been mostly done through analogical methods. The advent of current technologies brings new and more reliable tools for analyzing evidence. Bitemarks can now be turned into more consistent evidence by using a digital tridimensional (3D) analysis. The aim of this study is to propose a reliable, accurate and monitorized approach of 3D bitemark analysis. 12 cranium Cone Beam Computed Tomographic (CBCT) files were randomly selected from a clinical database (Coimbra Hospital and University Center/Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra). The individuals were recalled to bite an apple (golden delicious 65/80) immediately subjected to a CBCT scan. The 3D rendering of every bitemark was compared with the 3D upper dental arches obtained from the CBCT cranium scans of the simulated suspects. The research team was composed by 5 elements. The matching process consists of corresponding landmark points, in both the bitemark and the suspects' dentition (upper dental arch). 144 comparisons were obtained. The Kappa statistics analysis was performed. Cohen's Kappa values were obtained between 0,690 and 0,910. Fleiss Kappa obtained a value of 0,767. The Friedman's test was performed and the normality assumption was not verified (p>0,05). A non-destructive protocol of bitemark study by 3D analysis of tomographic volumes was presented. The statistic analysis supports its accuracy and reliability. This experimental study opens doors to a future where bitemark analysis could be done through software that searches for matching dentitions in a CBCT database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Corte-Real
- Forensic Dentistry Laboratory, Institute of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Diana Pedrosa
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - José Saraiva
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | | | - Duarte Nuno Vieira
- Forensic Dentistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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30
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Ludes B, Geraut A, Väli M, Cusack D, Ferrara D, Keller E, Mangin P, Vieira DN. Guidelines examination of victims of sexual assault harmonization of forensic and medico-legal examination of persons. Int J Legal Med 2018; 132:1671-1674. [PMID: 29468380 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-018-1791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sexual assault is a complex situation with medical, psychological, and legal aspects. Forensic experts play a major role in terms of forensic and gynecological medical examination and evidence collection in order to maintain the chain of custody. Victims should be examined by a specially trained medico-legal examiner in order to avoid multiple examinations in the surroundings that do not meet minimum health standards. The evolution and treatment of sexual assault victims are time-intensive and should optimally be provided by a team that includes a forensic medical doctor. These guidelines will be of interest to forensic medical doctors who will have responsibility for the examination and assessment of victims of sexual violence and can be used as a day-to-day service document and/or a guide to develop health service for victims of sexual violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ludes
- France Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, France Institut Médico-Légal, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France.
| | - A Geraut
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Médecine légale, 11 rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - M Väli
- Forensic Medicine of the University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu, Estonia.,Estonian Forensic Science Institute, Tervise 30, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - D Cusack
- University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Medical Bureau of Road Safety, Dublin, Ireland.,, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - D Ferrara
- Legal Medicine and Forensic Toxicology, School of Medicine, International Academy of Legal Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - E Keller
- Department of Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Ulloi Str 93, Budapest, 1091, Hungary
| | - P Mangin
- University Center of Legal Medicine, Geneva-Lausanne, Chemin de la Vuliette 4, 1000, Lausanne 25, Switzerland
| | - D N Vieira
- Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
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Cardoso TADO, Vieira DN. Study of mortality from infectious diseases in Brazil from 2005 to 2010: risks involved in handling corpses. Cien Saude Colet 2017; 21:485-95. [PMID: 26910156 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232015212.12652014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the wake of disasters, the lack of information on how to handle and dispose of corpses leads the professionals involved in emergency operations to uncertainty about associated risks and safety precautions. The article seeks to establish the risks of the etiologic agents involved in Brazilian mortality due to infectious diseases and identify and discuss the main protection measures for professionals involved in handling of corpses in disaster situations. It involved a survey of deaths by infectious diseases in Brazil between 2005 and 2010, using data from the Mortality Information System. Of the 171,223 deaths analyzed, the pathogens leading to the greatest number of deaths were: HIV, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Trypanosoma cruzi. 59% belonged to risk class 3 and 40.6% to risk class 2. Eight deaths were caused by risk class 4 pathogens, which represent high risk. The professionals involved in the handling of corpses may be exposed to chronic risks, such as viruses transmitted via blood, gastrointestinal infections and tuberculosis. These findings indicate the importance of investment in the preparation of measures to reduce the risk of infection associated with the handling of corpses.
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Leite L, Gonçalves L, Nuno Vieira D. Cardiac injuries caused by trauma: Review and case reports. J Forensic Leg Med 2017; 52:30-34. [PMID: 28850860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of suspected cardiac injuries in a trauma setting is a challenging and time-critical matter, with clinical and imaging findings having complementary roles in the formation of an accurate diagnosis. In this article, we review the supporting literature for the pathophysiology, classification and evaluation of cardiac injuries caused by trauma. We also describe 4 cardiac trauma patients seen at a tertiary referral hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Leite
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Cardiology, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Lino Gonçalves
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Cardiology, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Duarte Nuno Vieira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
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Vieira DN, Shen M. Forensic Sciences Research: from dream to reality. Forensic Sci Res 2017; 2:1. [PMID: 30483612 PMCID: PMC6197091 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2017.1292990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, PRC, Shanghai, China
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Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Vieira DN, Magalhães T. Guidelines for Collection of Biological Samples for Clinical and Forensic Toxicological Analysis. Forensic Sci Res 2017; 1:42-51. [PMID: 30483610 PMCID: PMC6197137 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2016.1271098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aims to review general procedures for sampling of routinely collected as well as on alternative samples that may provide additional information regarding intoxication. These approaches may be applied whenever sample collection for clinical and forensic toxicology is required and should be considered as general guidelines that must be adapted to each specific case. It is expected that this article will help toxicologists and other forensic experts to accomplish their mission, since the toxicological result is first influenced by the quality and quantity of the sample available for analysis. These guidelines were approved by the European Council of Legal Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
- Department of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Sciences, IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal.,UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Teresa Magalhães
- Department of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Sciences, IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine,Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, PRC, Shanghai, China
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Buekenhout I, Vieira DN, Ferreira MT. Reliability of weathering in the estimation of the post-mortem interval of human remains buried in coffins. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2016.1257066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Buekenhout
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Teresa Ferreira
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Buekenhout I, Cravo L, Vieira DN, Cunha E, Ferreira MT. Applying standardized decomposition stages when estimating the PMI of buried remains: reality or fiction? AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2016.1212268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Buekenhout
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana Cravo
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Eugénia Cunha
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Ferreira
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Abstract
Após 2001, a utilização de patógenos reforçou seu emprego como arma de guerra. Este estudo descritivo tem por objetivo discutir estratégias de contingenciamento em ataque por anthrax, auxiliando no reconhecimento precoce e estabelecimento de medidas de contenção. Profissionais de saúde necessitam reconhecer a infecção, pois em atentados, o elemento-chave é médico e não militar. O anthrax por inalação é a forma de atentado mais provável com 100% de mortalidade, caso não haja tratamento imediato. É altamente resistente; tem período de incubação de um a seis dias; seus sintomas iniciais são similares à influenza; só permite diagnóstico em NB3; a vacina é aquela recomendada para ocupações de risco, de disponibilidade restrita; e requer profilaxia antibiótica longa.
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Ferreira M, dos Santos CL, Vieira DN. Detection and Intervention Strategies by Primary Health Care Professionals in Suspected Elder Abuse. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2015; 28:687-94. [PMID: 26849751 DOI: 10.20344/amp.6706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary health care professionals are in a privileged position to recognize and manage cases of suspected elder abuse. The purpose of this study was to provide some insight of these professionals' views and knowledge on this subject. MATERIAL AND METHODS A questionnaire was elaborated and sent to physicians and nursing staff practicing in 12 different health care units in Coimbra. The data collected included parameters related to demography, perception of abuse and management strategies, personal experience and training on this subject. RESULTS The global response rate was 67.9% corresponding to 127 validated questionnaires. From the results found, we highlight the following: there was a significant contact between these professionals and older people; most (64.6%) considered the abuse as more prevalent in the familiar context and 32.3% signed negligence as the most common type; the majority of professionals considered themselves as useful (97.6%); the uncertainty in the diagnosis was one of the most important causes for non-reporting; there were doubts concerning mandatory report of abuse to judicial authorities. It was also found that 87.4% of the respondents stated they would feel more comfortable having formal protocol to handle these cases and this subject was not included in the training curriculum of 70.9% of the respondents. DISCUSSION The significant contact between older population and health care professionals allows for an early diagnose and intervention. The professionals showed knowledge in accordance to some studies, namely, as to the context and prevalence of abuse. Doubts as to the best way to manage these cases could be solved by implementing protocols and by specific training, which is a fundamental cornerstone for preparing professionals to deal with these kind of cases. CONCLUSION Health care professionals seemed to be aware of the relevance of elder abuse, as well as the importance of their role in preventing and diagnosing these abuses. However, a more extensive approach on this subject during clinical training and the definition of general clinical guidelines are important to increase the professionals' confidence in managing suspected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Ferreira
- Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Coimbra. Coimbra. Portugal
| | - César Lares dos Santos
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, IP. Gabinete Médico-legal e Forense Médio Tejo. Tomar. Portugal. Centro de Ciências Forenses. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Coimbra. Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Duarte Nuno Vieira
- Centro de Ciências Forenses. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Coimbra. Coimbra. Portugal
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Aguiar B, Santos JC, Vieira DN. Mental health and its relationship on avoidable mortality among Portuguese prison inmates, 2004–2013. Eur J Public Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv170.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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41
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Ferrara SD, Baccino E, Boscolo-Berto R, Comandè G, Domenici R, Hernandez-Cueto C, Gulmen MK, Mendelson G, Montisci M, Norelli GA, Pinchi V, Ranavaya M, Shokry DA, Sterzik V, Vermylen Y, Vieira DN, Viel G, Zoja R. Padova Charter on personal injury and damage under civil-tort law. Int J Legal Med 2015; 130:1-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-015-1244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Domingues APR, Belo A, Moura P, Vieira DN. Medico-legal litigation in Obstetrics: a characterization analysis of a decade in Portugal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 37:241-6. [PMID: 26107576 DOI: 10.1590/so100-720320150005304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It was to analyse the most critical areas in Obstetrics and to suggest measures to reduce or avoid the situations most often involved in these disputes. METHODS Obstetrics cases submitted to the Medico-legal Council since the creation of the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences in 2001 until 2011 were evaluated. A comprehensive characterization, determination of absolute/relative frequencies, hypothesis of a linear trend over the years and the association between each parameter was done. RESULTS The analysis has shown no significantly linear trend. The most common reasons for disputes were perinatal asphyxia (50%), traumatic injuries of the newborn (24%), maternal sequelae (19%) and issues related to prenatal diagnosis and/or obstetric ultrasound (5.4%). Perinatal asphyxia showed no significantly linear trend (p=0.58) and was usually related to perinatal deaths or permanent neurologic sequelae in newborn children. Traumatic injuries of the newborn, mostly related to instrumented deliveries, shoulder dystocia or vaginal delivery in breech presentation, has shown a significantly increased linear trend (p<0.001), especially related to instrumented deliveries. The delay/absence of cesarean section was the clinical procedure questioned in a significantly higher number of cases of perinatal asphyxia (68.7%) and of traumatic lesions of the newborn due to instrumented deliveries (20.5%). CONCLUSION It is important to improve and correct theoretical/practical daily clinical performance in these highlighted areas, in order to reduce or even avoid situations that could end up in medico-legal litigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paulo Moura
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Gil AP, Santos AJ, Kislaya I, Santos C, Mascoli L, Ferreira AI, Vieira DN. Estudo sobre pessoas idosas vítimas de violência em Portugal: sociografia da ocorrência. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00084614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
O presente artigo apresenta dados sobre violência contra pessoas com 60 e mais anos residentes em Portugal há mais de 12 meses. O estudo transversal e descritivo recolheu dados por meio de um questionário aplicado presencialmente a vítimas que recorreram a três entidades governamentais e a uma instituição não-governamental de apoio a vítimas. A amostra não probabilística foi constituída por 510 vítimas de violência em contexto familiar. A violência física e a psicológica foram os tipos mais reportados, afetando 87,8% e 69,6% das pessoas estudadas, seguindo-se a violência financeira (47,5%), sexual (7,5%) e a negligência (6,5%). A maioria (74,1%) dos respondentes indicou mais de um tipo de violência. As vítimas, na maioria mulheres, tinham uma média de idade de 70,7 anos. A maioria dos agressores pertencia à família nuclear, nomeadamente, cônjuges ou companheiros, filhos/enteados e filhas/enteadas. Contudo, observaram-se diferenças no agressor consoante o gênero da vítima. Os resultados indicam que a violência não é um fenômeno uniforme, apresentando-se sob diferentes configurações.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Gil
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Portugal
| | | | - Irina Kislaya
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Portugal
| | - César Santos
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, Portugal
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Domingues AP, Moura P, Vieira DN. Lessons from a decade of technical-scientific opinions in obstetrical litigation. J Forensic Leg Med 2014; 25:91-4. [PMID: 24931871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The authors aimed to assess the Portuguese circumstances concerning situations of medico-legal dispute in Obstetrics, evaluate the conclusions of technical-scientific opinions and analyze their consequences. The analysis of all cases of Obstetrics medical responsibility examined in Medico-legal Council since the creation of the National Institute of Legal Medicine was performed. Technical-scientific opinions of those files were examined according to the existence of a causal link and of infringement of the 'leges artis'. The most common reasons for dispute in Obstetrics were perinatal asphyxia (50%), traumatic injuries of the newborn (24%), maternal sequelae (19%) and issues related to prenatal diagnosis and/or obstetric ultrasound (5.4%). In the technical-scientific opinions of files examined, the existence of a causal link was established in 17.4%, and the infringement of the 'leges artis' was suggested in 15.5% of cases, numbers which have grown significantly over the years and which are particularly relevant in the proceedings of perinatal asphyxia and traumatic lesions of the newborn. In 11% of cases the opinion was inconclusive due to the poor quality of the clinical process sent for analysis. These results highlight the impact that litigation can have on the professional activity and personal lives of obstetricians. It should alert them for the need to better fulfill medical clinical files in order to reduce or avoid medico-legal conflicts, as well as to the fact of the increasing practice of defensive medicine and its consequences in daily clinical routine for doctors and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Patrícia Domingues
- Obstetrics Department, Maternidade Dr Daniel de Matos, Coimbra University Hospitals, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Moura
- Obstetrics Department, Maternidade Dr Daniel de Matos, Coimbra University Hospitals, Portugal; Obstetrical Clinic of Coimbra Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra University, Portugal
| | - Duarte Nuno Vieira
- Coimbra Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra University, Portugal; National Institute of Legal Medicine, Portugal
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Ruas F, Mendonça MC, Real FC, Vieira DN, Teixeira HM. Carbon monoxide poisoning as a cause of death and differential diagnosis in the forensic practice: A retrospective study, 2000–2010. J Forensic Leg Med 2014; 24:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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46
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Medallo Muñiz J, Martin-Fumadó C, Nuno Vieira D. Actuación medicolegal en personas en custodia judicial o policial. Med Clin (Barc) 2014; 142 Suppl 2:12-5. [DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7753(14)70066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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47
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Santa Rosa B, Corte-Real F, Vieira DN. O Respeito pela Autonomia da Criança na Regulação das Responsabilidades Parentais. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2013. [DOI: 10.20344/amp.4050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Child custody decisions are among the most difficult is one of the most difficult for judges to make. The possibility of child abuse allegations or parents’ deviant/psychopathologic behaviours within this context, make the decision further complicated. Based on jurisprudence the listening of children opinion is a way to protect their best interest. In fact children have the right to express an opinion in all matters affecting their life. It should be given proper consideration to children opinion according with his/her age and maturity. Nonetheless custody disputes are emotionally draining issues. Asking the child to express an opinion during a public hearing, most likely in the presence of both parents, its not recommended because this is a potential stressful experience. Child interviews should take place in a proper environment and be set to their age. Medicine and Psychology have an important role in assessing children cognitive, emotional and volitional abilities, which is essential to properly account their opinions according to autonomy degree. This essay analyses the contribution of medico-legal and/or psychological exams to respect the autonomy of the child in cases of regulation of parental responsibilities. The conclusion is the need to establish a symbiotic relationship between the medical and legal perspectives of the (open) concept of child’s best interests.
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48
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Santa Rosa B, Corte-Real F, Vieira DN. [Respecting minors' autonomy in child custody cases]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2013; 26:637-643. [PMID: 24388247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Child custody decisions are among the most difficult for judges to make. The possibility of child abuse allegations or parents' deviant/ psychopathologic behaviours within this context, make the decision further complicated. Based on jurisprudence the listening of children opinion is a way to protect their best interest. In fact children have the right to express an opinion in all matters affecting their life. It should be given proper consideration to children opinion according with his/her age and maturity. Nonetheless custody disputes are emotionally draining issues. Asking the child to express an opinion during a public hearing, most likely in the presence of both parents, its not recommended because this is a potential stressful experience. Child interviews should take place in a proper environment and be set to their age. Medicine and Psychology have an important role in assessing children cognitive, emotional and volitional abilities, which is essential to properly account their opinions according to autonomy degree. This essay analyses the contribution of medico-legal and/or psychological exams to respect the autonomy of the child in cases of regulation of parental responsibilities. The conclusion is the need to establish a symbiotic relationship between the medical and legal perspectives of the (open) concept of child's best interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Santa Rosa
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses. Delegação do Centro. Coimbra. Portugal. & Centro de Ciências Forenses (CENCIFOR). Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Francisco Corte-Real
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses. Delegação do Centro. Coimbra. Portugal. & Centro de Ciências Forenses (CENCIFOR). Coimbra. Portugal. & Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Coimbra. Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Duarte Nuno Vieira
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses. Delegação do Centro. Coimbra. Portugal. & Centro de Ciências Forenses (CENCIFOR). Coimbra. Portugal. & Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Coimbra. Coimbra. Portugal
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Pereira AR, Vieira DN, Magalhães T. Fatal intimate partner violence against women in Portugal: a forensic medical national study. J Forensic Leg Med 2013; 20:1099-107. [PMID: 24237830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important cause of women's health and socio-familial severe problems, the most extreme being the victims' homicide. This is the first nationwide Portuguese autopsy-based and judicial-proven study about female intimate partner homicide. At least 62 women over 15 years old were killed by current or former men-intimate partners, corresponding to an IPV-related female mortality rate of 0.44/100.000 women; intimate partner violence was the reason of homicide in 60.8% of all autopsied women. The typical Portuguese victim showed to be a young adult woman, employed, killed by a current husband in a long-term relationship, usually with children in common and with a history of previous IPV. The typical Portuguese perpetrator showed to be older than the victim, employed, owning a firearm and without criminal records. At the time of the fatal event 59.7% of the relationships were current. In 57.9% of the former relationships women were killed during the 1st year after its terminus. Near half of the perpetrators attempted or committed suicide afterward. Most women were killed by gunshot wounds (45.2%), especially in the thorax (48.4%), with multiple fatal injuries; 56.5% also presented non-fatal injuries. The detection of prior IPV and the risk evaluation seems to be fundamental to decrease these fatal outcomes, but also, the prevention of perpetrators' alcohol abuse and carrying weapons. This work emphasizes the need to deepen the research on this issue, aiming to contribute to prevent both fatal and non-fatal IPV-related cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Pereira
- National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Portugal; Forensic Sciences Center - CENCIFOR, Portugal.
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50
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Proença P, Mustra C, Marcos M, Franco JM, Corte-Real F, Vieira DN. Validated UPLC-MS/MS assay for the determination of synthetic phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors in postmortem blood samples. J Forensic Leg Med 2013; 20:655-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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