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Souza ABR, Cruz AD, Aguiar MF. Age estimation by volumetric analysis of teeth using cone beam computed tomography. Oral Radiol 2024:10.1007/s11282-024-00750-w. [PMID: 38589600 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-024-00750-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the feasibility of using the pulp volume (Pv) to total volume (Tv) ratio (Pv:Tv), obtained from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of single-rooted teeth, for age estimation in a Brazilian population sample. METHODS After obtaining approval from the ethics committee, the study commenced by applying inclusion criteria to screen CBCT scans, resulting in a probability-based sample of participants aged 18 years and older (ranging from 18 to 82 years, with a mean age of 46.44 years). A total of 517 single-rooted teeth, including maxillary central incisors (CI), mandibular canines (C), and mandibular first premolars (FP), were chosen based on excellent agreement values (> 0.9). Pv and Tv measurements were conducted using semi-automatic segmentation with ITK-SNAP 3.8 software. Statistical analysis was performed using Jamovi software, with a significance level set at 5% (α = 0.05). RESULTS A strong negative correlation (r > -0.7) was observed between chronological age and the Pv:Tv ratio across all examined teeth. However, when conducting regression analysis with Pv:Tv data and chronological age as the independent variable, only the mandibular FP teeth exhibited a normal distribution. The resulting linear model demonstrated moderate predictive value (approximately 64%) in explaining the variance in chronological age, but caution should be exercised when interpreting these findings. CONCLUSIONS The method of measuring individual tooth volume using CBCT to estimate chronological age via Pv:Tv has been demonstrated as effective and reproducible within the Brazilian population sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Raposo Souza
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Health Institute of Nova Friburgo, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana Dibo Cruz
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Health Institute of Nova Friburgo, R. DR. Silvio Henrique Braune, 22 Centro, Nova Friburgo, RJ, CEP: 28625-650, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Freitas Aguiar
- Department of Specific Formation, Fluminense Federal University, Health Institute of Nova Friburgo, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil
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Dai X, Liu A, Liu J, Zhan M, Liu Y, Ke W, Shi L, Huang X, Chen H, Deng Z, Fan F. Machine Learning Supported the Modified Gustafson's Criteria for Dental Age Estimation in Southwest China. J Imaging Inform Med 2024; 37:611-619. [PMID: 38343227 PMCID: PMC11031552 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-023-00956-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Adult age estimation is one of the most challenging problems in forensic science and physical anthropology. In this study, we aimed to develop and evaluate machine learning (ML) methods based on the modified Gustafson's criteria for dental age estimation. In this retrospective study, a total of 851 orthopantomograms were collected from patients aged 15 to 40 years old. The secondary dentin formation (SE), periodontal recession (PE), and attrition (AT) of four mandibular premolars were analyzed according to the modified Gustafson's criteria. Ten ML models were generated and compared for age estimation. The partial least squares regressor outperformed other models in males with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 4.151 years. The support vector regressor (MAE = 3.806 years) showed good performance in females. The accuracy of ML models is better than the single-tooth model provided in the previous studies (MAE = 4.747 years in males and MAE = 4.957 years in females). The Shapley additive explanations method was used to reveal the importance of the 12 features in ML models and found that AT and PE are the most influential in age estimation. The findings suggest that the modified Gustafson method can be effectively employed for adult age estimation in the southwest Chinese population. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential of machine learning models to assist experts in achieving accurate and interpretable age estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Dai
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Anjie Liu
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhong Liu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjun Zhan
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Oral Radiology, College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, West China, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchi Ke
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Chen
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Deng
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Fan
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Franco A, Cornacchia AP, Moreira D, Miamoto P, Bueno J, Murray J, Heng D, Mânica S, Porto L, Abade A. Radiographic morphology of canines tested for sexual dimorphism via convolutional-neural-network-based artificial intelligence. Morphologie 2024; 108:100772. [PMID: 38460321 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2024.100772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The permanent left mandibular canines have been used for sexual dimorphism when human identification is necessary. Controversy remains whether the morphology of these teeth is actually useful to distinguish males and females. This study aimed to assess the sexual dimorphism of canines by means of a pioneering artificial intelligence approach to this end. A sample of 13,046 teeth radiographically registered from 5838 males and 7208 females between the ages of 6 and 22.99 years was collected. The images were annotated using Darwin V7 software. DenseNet121 was used and tested based on binary answers regarding the sex (male or female) of the individuals for 17 age categories of one year each (i.e. 6-6.99, 7.7.99… 22.22.99). Accuracy rates, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and confusion matrices were used to quantify and express the artificial intelligence's classification performance. The accuracy rates across age categories were between 57-76% (mean: 68%±5%). The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC analysis was between 0.58 and 0.77. The best performances were observed around the age of 12 years, while the worst were around the age of 7 years. The morphological analysis of canines for sex estimation should be restricted and allowed in practice only when other sources of dimorphic anatomic features are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Franco
- Division of Forensic Dentistry, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil; Department of Therapeutic Stomatology, Institute of Dentistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A P Cornacchia
- Division of Forensic Dentistry, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - D Moreira
- Division of Oral Radiology, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - P Miamoto
- Division of Forensic Anthropology and Dentistry, Scientific Police of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - J Bueno
- Oral Imaging and Radiology Clinic - CIRO, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - J Murray
- Division of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - D Heng
- Division of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - S Mânica
- Division of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - L Porto
- Computer Vision Solutions, Rumina, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - A Abade
- Division of Computer Vision, Federal Institute of Education and Technology - MT, Barra do Garças, Brazil
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de Araújo PSP, Pinto PHV, da Silva RHA. Age estimation in adults by canine teeth: a systematic review of the Cameriere method with meta-analysis on the reliability of the pulp/tooth area ratio. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:451-465. [PMID: 37861739 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The age estimation of an adult using methods accessible to the forensic routine is a goal pursued by forensic experts. Cameriere, Ferrante and Cingolani (2004) proposed the use of the pulp/tooth area ratio of canine teeth as a promising variable, but its reliability has shown conflicting results in the scientific literature. This article aimed to carry out a systematic review with meta-analysis to verify whether the pulp/tooth area ratio of canine teeth includes a variable that can be used alone to estimate dental age in adults. A systematic search was carried out in six databases using keywords related to the theme in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. The study selection process followed pre-established eligibility criteria. Assessments were carried out regarding risk of bias and publication bias of selected studies, and meta-analysis was carried out considering Pearson's correlation coefficient between pulp/tooth area ratio and chronological age as effect measure. Most selected studies showed low risk of bias; no publication bias was found when all studies were considered, and potential publication bias was found when outliers were removed. Despite the high heterogeneity among studies and the need for more research, it could be observed that the pulp/tooth area ratio has strong negative correlation with chronological age, and the pulp/tooth area ratio could be derived from both periapical radiographs and orthopantomographs. Therefore, it is suggested that there is scientific evidence that the pulp/tooth area ratio obtained from canine teeth is reliable for dental age estimation in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Santiago Paiva de Araújo
- Department of Stomatology, Public Health and Forensic Odontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Viana Pinto
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Henrique Alves da Silva
- Department of Stomatology, Public Health and Forensic Odontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Murray J, Heng D, Lygate A, Porto L, Abade A, Manica S, Franco A. Applying artificial intelligence to determination of legal age of majority from radiographic data. Morphologie 2024; 108:100723. [PMID: 37897941 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2023.100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Forensic odontologists use biological patterns to estimate chronological age for the judicial system. The age of majority is a legally significant period with a limited set of reliable oral landmarks. Currently, experts rely on the questionable development of third molars to assess whether litigants can be prosecuted as legal adults. Identification of new and novel patterns may illuminate features more dependably indicative of chronological age, which have, until now, remained unseen. Unfortunately, biased perceptions and limited cognitive capacity compromise the ability of researchers to notice new patterns. The present study demonstrates how artificial intelligence can break through identification barriers and generate new estimation modalities. A convolutional neural network was trained with 4003 panoramic-radiographs to sort subjects into 'under-18' and 'over-18' age categories. The resultant architecture identified legal adults with a high predictive accuracy equally balanced between precision, specificity and recall. Moving forward, AI-based methods could improve courtroom efficiency, stand as automated assessment methods and contribute to our understanding of biological ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Murray
- Department of Forensic Odontology, University of Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK.
| | - D Heng
- Department of Forensic Odontology, University of Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - A Lygate
- Department of Forensic Odontology, University of Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - L Porto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Brasilia, Federal District 70910-900, Brazil
| | - A Abade
- Departmento de Computacao, Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencie e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - S Manica
- Department of Forensic Odontology, University of Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - A Franco
- Department of Forensic Odontology, University of Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK; Division of Forensic Dentistry, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
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Hamidi O, Afrasiabi M, Namaki M. GADNN: a revolutionary hybrid deep learning neural network for age and sex determination utilizing cone beam computed tomography images of maxillary and frontal sinuses. BMC Med Res Methodol 2024; 24:50. [PMID: 38413856 PMCID: PMC10898185 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-024-02183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The determination of identity factors such as age and sex has gained significance in both criminal and civil cases. Paranasal sinuses like frontal and maxillary sinuses, are resistant to trauma and can aid profiling. We developed a deep learning (DL) model optimized by an evolutionary algorithm (genetic algorithm/GA) to determine sex and age using paranasal sinus parameters based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS Two hundred and forty CBCT images (including 129 females and 111 males, aged 18-52) were included in this study. CBCT images were captured using the Newtom3G device with specific exposure parameters. These images were then analyzed in ITK-SNAP 3.6.0 beta software to extract four paranasal sinus parameters: height, width, length, and volume for both the frontal and maxillary sinuses. A hybrid model, Genetic Algorithm-Deep Neural Network (GADNN), was proposed for feature selection and classification. Traditional statistical methods and machine learning models, including logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP), and deep learning (DL) were evaluated for their performance. The synthetic minority oversampling technique was used to deal with the unbalanced data. RESULTS GADNN showed superior accuracy in both sex determination (accuracy of 86%) and age determination (accuracy of 68%), outperforming other models. Also, DL and RF were the second and third superior methods in sex determination (accuracy of 78% and 71% respectively) and age determination (accuracy of 92% and 57%). CONCLUSIONS The study introduces a novel approach combining DL and GA to enhance sex determination and age determination accuracy. The potential of DL in forensic dentistry is highlighted, demonstrating its efficiency in improving accuracy for sex determination and age determination. The study contributes to the burgeoning field of DL in dentistry and forensic sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Hamidi
- Department of Science, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mahlagha Afrasiabi
- Department of Computer Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Marjan Namaki
- Department of Computer Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran
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Franco A, Murray J, Heng D, Lygate A, Moreira D, Ferreira J, Miranda E Paulo D, Machado CP, Bueno J, Mânica S, Porto L, Abade A, Paranhos LR. Binary decisions of artificial intelligence to classify third molar development around the legal age thresholds of 14, 16 and 18 years. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4668. [PMID: 38409354 PMCID: PMC10897208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55497-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Third molar development is used for dental age estimation when all the other teeth are fully mature. In most medicolegal facilities, dental age estimation is an operator-dependent procedure. During the examination of unaccompanied and undocumented minors, this procedure may lead to binary decisions around age thresholds of legal interest, namely the ages of 14, 16 and 18 years. This study aimed to test the performance of artificial intelligence to classify individuals below and above the legal age thresholds of 14, 16 and 18 years using third molar development. The sample consisted of 11,640 panoramic radiographs (9680 used for training and 1960 used for validation) of males (n = 5400) and females (n = 6240) between 6 and 22.9 years. Computer-based image annotation was performed with V7 software (V7labs, London, UK). The region of interest was the mandibular left third molar (T38) outlined with a semi-automated contour. DenseNet121 was the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) of choice and was used with Transfer Learning. After Receiver-operating characteristic curves, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.87 and 0.86 to classify males and females below and above the age of 14, respectively. For the age threshold of 16, the AUC values were 0.88 (males) and 0.83 (females), while for the age of 18, AUC were 0.94 (males) and 0.83 (females). Specificity rates were always between 0.80 and 0.92. Artificial intelligence was able to classify male and females below and above the legal age thresholds of 14, 16 and 18 years with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademir Franco
- Division of Forensic Dentistry, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Therapeutic Stomatology, Institute of Dentistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jared Murray
- Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Dennis Heng
- Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Anna Lygate
- Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Debora Moreira
- Division of Oral Radiology, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Ferreira
- Division of Forensic Dentistry, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliano Bueno
- Division of Oral Radiology, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Scheila Mânica
- Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Lucas Porto
- Computer Vision Solutions, Rumina S.A., Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Abade
- Computer Science, Federal Institute of Science and Technology, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - Luiz Renato Paranhos
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Pará-1720, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil.
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Pulcinelli T, da Silva TG, Moreira DD, Lagoeiro LE, Agustini D, Silva RF, Franco A. On the forensic relevance of tattoos: distinguishing black inks with energy dispersive spectroscopy and backscattered scanning electron microscopy. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2024:10.1007/s12024-024-00782-y. [PMID: 38324212 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00782-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze black tattoo inks by means of energy dispersive spectroscopy and backscattered scanning electron microscopy. METHODS The sample consisted of five types of commercial tattoo pigments of the black colour (Easy Glow™, Electric Ink™, Iron Works™, Master Ink™, and Viper™). An Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) detector (Silicon Drift Detector - SDD - type) attached to a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) device (Tescan Vega3 LMU, Libusina, Czech Republic) was used. X-ray characteristic signs were detected for each tattoo ink in an interval between 0 and 2.5 keV. The electron acceleration potential in the microscope was 15 keV. Two regions were analyzed for each sample (n = 10). On each region, a micrography of backscattered electrons (BSE) was obtained. Means and standard deviations (SD) of the weight percentages (Wt%) were calculated. RESULTS C and O were predominant, with a mean O/C ratio between 2.69 and 2.74 Wt%. Electric Ink and Master Ink were the most similar pigments, while Easy Glow was the most distinctive - with agglomerates of Al that had a concentration 25 × higher than other specimens. Other compounds detected in the sample were Cl and Cu. CONCLUSION EDS and SEM were efficient to distinguish black tattoo inks. These are our preliminary outcomes on the use of EDS and SEM to analyze black tattoo inks. Thus, careful interpretation is necessary to avoid rash applications in human identification practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Pulcinelli
- Division of Forensic Dentistry, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes da Silva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Deonir Agustini
- Centre of Electron Microscopy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Rhonan Ferreira Silva
- Department of Forensic Anthropology and Dentistry, Scientific Police of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry - Forensic Odontology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ademir Franco
- Division of Forensic Dentistry, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, R. Dr. José Rocha Junqueira 13, Campinas, Brazil.
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
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Shoukath A, Vidigal MTC, Vieira W, Paranhos LR, Mânica S, Franco A. Dental age estimation methods applied to Indian children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Morphologie 2023; 108:100758. [PMID: 38128159 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2023.100758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Country-specific systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been proposed to compile the available literature and rank methods based on their performance for a target population. India is a country with a vast scientific literature on dental age estimation. This systematic review aimed to provide evidence to help the decision of experts regarding the method of choice for dental age estimation in India. The research protocol was registered in Open Science Framework. Literature Search was performed in Embase, LILACS, MedLine (via PubMed), SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science. Grey Literature was searched in Google Scholar and ProQuest. Observational cross-sectional studies that compared chronological and estimated ages using Demirjian (original [DEM] and Chaillet's modification [modified-DEM]) and Acharya (ACH) methods were included. JBI tool was used to assess the risk of bias. The search detected 9799 studies, out of which 56 were eligible (n=13,107 panoramic radiographs of Indian individuals). Low risk of bias was registered for 48 studies, while 8 presented a moderate risk of bias. The meta-analysis showed a standardized mean difference between chronological and estimated ages of -0.11 (95%CI: -0.29; 0.07), 0.74 (95%CI: 0.39; 1.09), and -0.01 (95%CI: -0.23; 0.22) years for DEM, modified-DEM and ACH, respectively. High heterogeneity (I2=88-93%) was observed across studies for all the methods, including subgroup analyses based on sex. This study ranked ACH, DEM and modified-DEM (from the best to the worse) performances in the Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shoukath
- Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - M T C Vidigal
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
| | - W Vieira
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - L R Paranhos
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
| | - S Mânica
- Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - A Franco
- Division of Forensic Dentistry, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Block E, Office 3, R. José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, 13.045-755 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Kahm SH, Kim JY, Yoo S, Bae SM, Kang JE, Lee SH. Application of entire dental panorama image data in artificial intelligence model for age estimation. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:1007. [PMID: 38102578 PMCID: PMC10724903 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate age estimation is vital for clinical and forensic purposes. With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence(AI) technologies, traditional methods relying on tooth development, while reliable, can be enhanced by leveraging deep learning, particularly neural networks. This study evaluated the efficiency of an AI model by applying the entire panoramic image for age estimation. The outcome performances were analyzed through supervised learning (SL) models. METHODS Total of 27,877 dental panorama images from 5 to 90 years of age were classified by 2 types of grouping. In type 1 they were classified by each age and in type 2, applying heuristic grouping, the age over 20 years were classified by every 5 years. Wide ResNet (WRN) and DenseNet (DN) were used for supervised learning. In addition, the analysis with ± 3 years of deviation in both types were performed. RESULTS For the DN model, while the type 1 grouping achieved an accuracy of 0.1016 and F1 score of 0.058, the type 2 achieved an accuracy of 0.3146 and F1 score of 0.2027. Incorporating ± 3years of deviation, the accuracy of type 1 and 2 were 0.281, 0.7323 respectively; and the F1 score were 0.1768, 0.6583 respectively. For the WRN model, while the type 1 grouping achieved an accuracy of 0.1041 and F1 score of 0.0599, the type 2 achieved an accuracy of 0.3182 and F1 score of 0.2071. Incorporating ± 3years of deviation, the accuracy of type 1 and 2 were 0.2716, 0.7323 respectively; and the F1 score were 0.1709, 0.6437 respectively. CONCLUSIONS The application of entire panorama image data for supervised with classification by heuristics grouping with ± 3years of deviation for supervised learning models and demonstrated satisfactory outcome for the age estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hoon Kahm
- Department of Dentistry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 1021, Tongil-ro, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, 03312, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Kim
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 93 Jungbu-daero, Paldal-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Yoo
- Unidocs Inc, 272 Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Mi Bae
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Graduate School, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kang
- JINHAKapply Corp, 34 Gyeonghuigung-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hwa Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 1021, Tongil-ro, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, 03312, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Angelakopoulos N, Franco A, Mula AP, Moukarzel M, Sharma S, Balla SB. Effect of impaction on third molar development and age estimation-A study in a Lebanese population. Morphologie 2023; 107:100607. [PMID: 37543029 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of impaction on third molar development is disputable as the scientific literature is not uniform. In parallel, population-specific studies have been encouraged in dental age estimation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of impaction on third molar formation in a sample of Lebanese individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consisted of 518 panoramic radiographs of females (n=229) and males (n=289) between 15 and 23.9 years. Mandibular third molars were classified based on their position as non-impacted and impacted (with horizontal, vertical, mesioangular, and distoangular impaction). Dental development was classified according to Demirjian's 8-level staging system. RESULTS Most teeth presented mesioangular impaction (#38=29.7%, #48=33%). Developing third molars were predominantly distributed between stages D and G. The mean age of most developmental stages was higher among impacted teeth, meaning that third molar mineralization could be slower in the presence of impaction. In general, the delayed dental development did not have statistically significant effects (P<0.05). However, descriptive data pointed out differences between (impacted and non-impacted) mean ages of >12 months-suggesting a potential clinical significance (despite the lack of a statistical one). Furthermore, differences changed based on sex and side (#38/#48). CONCLUSION Therefore, dental age estimation from third molars in the selected Lebanese population should preferably be performed in non-impacted third molars whenever available.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Angelakopoulos
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - A Franco
- Division of Forensic Dentistry, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - A P Mula
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Panineeya Mahavidyalaya Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, India.
| | | | - S Sharma
- Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, Maharashtra, India.
| | - S B Balla
- La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia.
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12
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Bjelopavlovic M, Badt F, Lehmann KM, Petrowski K. [Forensic dentistry for identity verification. A survey at the state police level]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023; 66:1268-1276. [PMID: 37755496 PMCID: PMC10622376 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03769-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Germany, the identification of unknown dead persons is the responsibility of the police. According to INTERPOL standards, primary (e.g., DNA, fingerprints, and teeth) and secondary (e.g., tattoos) characteristics are examined. Forensic dentistry is already used internationally as an efficient method. In this study, the approach of state police in Germany was analyzed. The methods used for identification, the role of forensic dentistry, the cooperation with dentists, and possible optimization approaches are investigated. METHODS By means of a digital questionnaire, police officers competent in all federal states for the discovery of unknown dead bodies were asked about identification methods and specifically about the use of forensic dentistry. RESULTS Eighty-five officers from at least 11 federal states participated in the survey. The procedure turned out to be department specific. In 72.6% of the cases, different characteristics are combined in the identification process, most frequently DNA with dental status (37.1%). DNA analysis is used most frequently. Of the respondents, 62.9% agreed that dental identification is used "often." The percentage of identifications using dental status is estimated to be 1.6-8.1%. For forensic dentistry, 19.4% have a fixed point of contact. A digital platform to contact dentists was estimated to be helpful by 56.5%. DISCUSSION Forensic dentistry is currently still lagging behind DNA analysis, which could change through increasing digitalization if, for example, ante-mortem data are more reliably available and platforms for interdisciplinary exchange are created.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bjelopavlovic
- Poliklinik für Zahnärztliche Prothetik und Werkstoffkunde, Unimedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland.
| | - Franziska Badt
- Poliklinik für Zahnärztliche Prothetik und Werkstoffkunde, Unimedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Karl Martin Lehmann
- Poliklinik für Zahnärztliche Prothetik und Werkstoffkunde, Unimedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Katja Petrowski
- Medizinische Psychologie und Soziologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland
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13
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Camarini C, Teixeira LCL, Takeshita WM, Tolentino ES, Silva MC. Comparison of different methods of analysis of maxillary sinus volume and validation of a new proposal using cone beam computed tomography. J Forensic Leg Med 2023; 100:102611. [PMID: 37949005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE develop and validate a formula, through a discriminant analysis of sex estimation, evaluating maxillary sinus in cone beam computed tomography scans in a Brazilian population, comparing this formula with two other existing ones. METHODS 190 cone beam CT scans of Brazilian adults were retrospectively evaluated by an independent examiner. Measurements were performed in the right and left MS region: height, width, length, distance between the breasts, distance between infraorbital foramina, and volume in the ITK software. The sample was divided into female and male. T test, ANOVA, Tukey test and the ROC Curve was performed (p > 0,05). RESULTS statistically significant differences were found in relation to the maximum height of the MS both right (p = 0,001) and left (p = 0,026) between sexes and the maximum length in the right MS (p = 0,01). Regarding the comparison of MS volume according to the different analysis methods, statistically significant differences were found between sexes for the right MS when using the method by Bangi et al. (p = 0,012) and the volume of the left MS in females (p < 0,001). Comparing the three classification models, statistically significant differences were found between the proposed method and the classification by Bangi et al. (p < 0.007). The ROC curve showed greater accuracy in the classification proposed in this work. CONCLUSION the new proposed formula obtained better predictions of sexual dimorphism, when compared to classifications already described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Camarini
- Dentistry Department, Maringá State University, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Elen S Tolentino
- Dentistry Department, Maringá State University, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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14
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Castillo-Alonso C, Tabilo L, López-Lázaro S. Use of dimensions in posterior dentition for sex estimation in forensic contexts: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 155:105782. [PMID: 37611493 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the validity of dimensions in posterior dentition for sex estimation in forensic contexts. DESIGN A systematic review was established following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). After assessing the risk of bias and methodological quality with the QUADAS-2 system, the data were subjected to statistical tests for a meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy and I2 to verify the heterogeneity. RESULTS The search resulted in 15 studies that underwent qualitative testing, all were selected for quantitative analysis. The papers included: the mesiodistal of the upper first molar, lower first molar, and upper second molar, and the buccolingual of the upper first molar and upper second molar. The results showed that sensitivity and specificity rates were lower with the mesiodistal diameter, with rates of 0.577 for the lower first molar, 0.674 for the upper first molar, and 0.698 for the upper second molar, while the rates were higher with the buccolingual diameter, with 0.724 for the upper first molar, and 0.743 for the upper second molar. The power to estimate sex is greater for males than for females. High heterogeneity was detected among the studies of almost all dimensions, except sensibility for the lower first molar and specificity for the upper second molar. CONCLUSIONS None of the dimensions reached an accuracy of ≥80%, however, so they are not a reliable method for sex estimation in forensic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Castillo-Alonso
- Departamento de Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Av. Ignacio Carrera Pinto 1045, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luna Tabilo
- Departamento de Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Av. Ignacio Carrera Pinto 1045, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra López-Lázaro
- Departamento de Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Av. Ignacio Carrera Pinto 1045, Santiago, Chile; Forensic Dentistry Lab, Centro de Investigación en Odontología Legal y Forense -CIO, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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15
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Pereira CP, Santos R, Nushi V, Lameiro MV, Antunes P, Carvalho R, Major T, AlQahtani SJ. Dental age assessment: scoring systems and models from the past until the present-how is it presented in the court? Int J Legal Med 2023; 137:1497-1504. [PMID: 37154903 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the methods from the past and present, such as Demirjian, Cameriere, and AlQahtani, as well as to determine the most reliable method for human age estimation under the request from the courts according to the effect size from each method in age estimation. DESIGN Four hundred eighty-three orthopantomographic images were selected from 318 patients from Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte aged between 6 and 15 years old. Several measurements of widths and lengths and classification of tooth development stages were performed, according to each age estimation method. The listing of patients and orthopantomographic images were consulted through SECTRA®. All data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 28. Observations' validity was verified through inter- and intraobserver validation. RESULTS The correlation coefficients between age and age estimates by the three methods on both sides were close to 90%. Regarding the estimation error correlation coefficient, Demirjian and AlQahtani values were low, whereas Cameriere's was significantly negative; i.e., underestimation increases as age increases. Between left and right, any significant difference in age estimation in AlQahtani and Cameriere methods was not observed, but there were great variability and large effect for the Demirjian method. Comparing females and males, the statistical analysis showed no significant differences and quite small effects in the precision of the estimates for any of the methods. Finally, although significant differences were detected when comparing estimated values and age, small effects were revealed except for the Demirjian method which attained a medium effect and, therefore, less consistency of estimation. CONCLUSIONS Since it was not possible to determine the most reliable method for age estimation, a combined application of different age estimation methodologies is recommended to be use in the courts with relevant statistical data such as effect size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Palmela Pereira
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, Cidade Universitária, 1600-277, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Centro de Estatística e Aplicações da Universidade de Lisboa (CEAUL), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Bloco C6, Piso 4, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Rui Santos
- Centro de Estatística e Aplicações da Universidade de Lisboa (CEAUL), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Bloco C6, Piso 4, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
- Politécnico de Leiria, Escola de Tecnologia e Gestão, 2411-901, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Valon Nushi
- Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Vitória Lameiro
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, Cidade Universitária, 1600-277, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estatística e Aplicações da Universidade de Lisboa (CEAUL), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Bloco C6, Piso 4, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Antunes
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, Cidade Universitária, 1600-277, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estatística e Aplicações da Universidade de Lisboa (CEAUL), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Bloco C6, Piso 4, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Carvalho
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, Cidade Universitária, 1600-277, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estatística e Aplicações da Universidade de Lisboa (CEAUL), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Bloco C6, Piso 4, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Major
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, Cidade Universitária, 1600-277, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estatística e Aplicações da Universidade de Lisboa (CEAUL), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Bloco C6, Piso 4, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sakher J AlQahtani
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Vila-Blanco N, Varas-Quintana P, Tomás I, Carreira MJ. A systematic overview of dental methods for age assessment in living individuals: from traditional to artificial intelligence-based approaches. Int J Legal Med 2023; 137:1117-1146. [PMID: 37055627 PMCID: PMC10247592 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-02960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Dental radiographies have been used for many decades for estimating the chronological age, with a view to forensic identification, migration flow control, or assessment of dental development, among others. This study aims to analyse the current application of chronological age estimation methods from dental X-ray images in the last 6 years, involving a search for works in the Scopus and PubMed databases. Exclusion criteria were applied to discard off-topic studies and experiments which are not compliant with a minimum quality standard. The studies were grouped according to the applied methodology, the estimation target, and the age cohort used to evaluate the estimation performance. A set of performance metrics was used to ensure good comparability between the different proposed methodologies. A total of 613 unique studies were retrieved, of which 286 were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Notable tendencies to overestimation and underestimation were observed in some manual approaches for numeric age estimation, being especially notable in the case of Demirjian (overestimation) and Cameriere (underestimation). On the other hand, the automatic approaches based on deep learning techniques are scarcer, with only 17 studies published in this regard, but they showed a more balanced behaviour, with no tendency to overestimation or underestimation. From the analysis of the results, it can be concluded that traditional methods have been evaluated in a wide variety of population samples, ensuring good applicability in different ethnicities. On the other hand, fully automated methods were a turning point in terms of performance, cost, and adaptability to new populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Vila-Blanco
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Departamento de Electrónica e Computación, Escola Técnica Superior de Enxeñaría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paulina Varas-Quintana
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialities, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Tomás
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialities, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - María J Carreira
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Departamento de Electrónica e Computación, Escola Técnica Superior de Enxeñaría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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17
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Loreto DBL, Barros BÁCD. Study of court decisions on dental errors in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. J Forensic Leg Med 2023; 97:102555. [PMID: 37393849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The professional relationship between dentists and patients is considered as a service provider-client. When the patient-client feels harmed due to dental error, he may seek economic reparation by lodging a lawsuit. The present research analyzed appellate court decisions on dental errors in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 2003 to 2019. The results show an increase in judgments. The most cited specialties were surgery, orthodontics, implantology, prosthesis, endodontics, periodontics, and general practice. Most appellate court decisions upheld the sentences. A decrease in the number of outcomes pronouncing dentists and/or clinics guilty was observed over the period. Most of the lawsuits were lodged under the Free Legal Assistance program. The high percentage of court decisions citing inclusion of an expert report highlights the importance of expertise in providing judges with technical clarification. Moral injury recorded the highest pecuniary sums, followed by compensation for material damage and aesthetic damage.
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18
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Barros FD, Serra MDC, Kuhnen B, Scarso Filho J, Gonçalves M, Gonçalves V, Fernandes CMDS. Sphenoid sinuses' volume and area analysis of Brazilian individuals' CBCTs, related to sex, age, skin color, and nutritional status using DDS-Pro™ software. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2023:10.1007/s12024-023-00666-7. [PMID: 37329397 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00666-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the volume and area of sphenoid sinuses of Brazilian individuals' cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images using the beta version of the DDS-Pro™ 2.14.2_2022 software (DPP Systems, Czestochowa, Poland), to assess a potential correlation to sex, age, skin color, and nutritional status, and to evaluate differences between the right and left sides. Three-dimensional volume and area measurements were made with the software using CBCT images of 113 living Brazilian individuals of both sexes (67 females and 46 males). TEM, rTEM, and R were used to assess the reproducibility of inter- and intra-examiner measurements. The measurement means were estimated with 95% confidence intervals according to sex and age group. There were no significant differences between the left and right sides for both volume and area and between the sexes and black and white individuals. Volume and area were significantly higher in 18 years or older (p < 0.05) and in individuals with normal body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.05). The obtained results do not allow indicating the use of sphenoid sinuses volume and area measurements to estimate sexual dimorphism, and the same occurred for skin color. However, such measures can help to estimate age. Further studies are suggested with a larger sample, especially for the nutritional status variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciéllen de Barros
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - Unesp, Rua Humaitá 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14.801-903, Brazil
| | - Mônica da Costa Serra
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - Unesp, Rua Humaitá 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14.801-903, Brazil.
| | - Barbara Kuhnen
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - Unesp, Rua Humaitá 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14.801-903, Brazil
| | - José Scarso Filho
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - Unesp, Rua Humaitá 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14.801-903, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gonçalves
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - Unesp, Rua Humaitá 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14.801-903, Brazil
| | - Victor Gonçalves
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - Unesp, Rua Humaitá 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14.801-903, Brazil
| | - Clemente Maia da Silva Fernandes
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - Unesp, Rua Humaitá 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14.801-903, Brazil
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19
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Cidade R, Dos Santos M, Alves TC, Bueno JM, Soares M, Arakelyan M, Junqueira JLC, Franco A. Radiographic dental age estimation applying and comparing Demirjian's seven (1973) and four (1976) teeth methods. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2023; 19:175-183. [PMID: 36806081 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-022-00563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
To apply Demirjian's seven (1973, D7) and four (1976, D4) teeth methods in a sample of Brazilian children and compare their performances for age estimation. Panoramic radiographs of 1200 children (600 females and 600 males) were collected from Southeast Brazil. The children were equally distributed (n = 60 females and 60 males) between age intervals of 1 year between 6 and 15.9 (mean age = 10.9; standard deviation [SD]: 2.9) years. D7 and D4 dental age estimation methods were applied by two observers and were compared based on their error rates (error = estimated age-chronological age). Both methods overestimated the chronological age (p < 0.0001). D7 led to overestimations of 0.71 (p < 0.0001) in females and 0.83 (p < 0.0001) in males, while the overestimations with D4 were 0.14 (p = 0.0067) and 0.73 (p < 0.0001) for females and males, respectively. The mean age estimated by D7 was 11.7 (SD: 3.1) years, while for D4, it was 11.3 (SD: 3.3) years. Intra- and interobserver agreement was ≥ 0.98. D4 optimized the performance of radiographic dental age estimation compared to D7. Improvements were reflected in the total sample and separately for female and male children from Southeast Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cidade
- Division of Oral Radiology, Faculdade Sao Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dos Santos
- Division of Oral Radiology, Faculdade Sao Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thaís Cássia Alves
- Division of Forensic Dentistry, Faculdade Sao Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Soares
- Division of Oral Radiology, Faculdade Sao Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mariana Arakelyan
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ademir Franco
- Division of Oral Radiology, Faculdade Sao Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil.
- Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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20
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Pinheiro A, Franco R, Makeeva I, Bueno J, Miamoto P, Franco A. 30 years of the ABFO study: Reproduction in a Brazilian sample. Morphologie 2023:S1286-0115(23)00029-2. [PMID: 37149420 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The ABFO study on third molar development is a benchmark in the scientific literature of dental age estimation. In its 30th anniversary, the study has been reproduced in the present external validation. Standardized comparative outcomes were obtained and discussed across studies. The sample consisted of 1.087 panoramic radiographs of Brazilian females (n=542, 49.87%) and males (n=545, 50.13%) between 14 and 22.9 years. All available third molars were classified into developmental stages following Mincer's adaptation of Demirjian's system (8 sequential stages, from A to H). The mean chronological age of individuals within each stage was assessed. The probability of an individual being ≥ 18 years was calculated for each third molar, sex and stage. Maxillary and mandibular third molars showed a similar development with an agreement between stages of about 90%. In general, males developed 0.5 years (6 months) earlier than females. The probability of being an adult increased considerably when at least one third molar is in stage G. Maxillary third molars had higher coefficients of determination (right: 0.704; left: 0.702), showing that statistical models with these teeth could explain better the age estimation outcomes. The reproducibility of the ABFO study on third molar development led to reference tables and probability measures for the studied Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pinheiro
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, R. Jose-Rocha-Junqueira 13, 13.045-755 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - R Franco
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38.400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - I Makeeva
- Department of Therapeutic Stomatology, Institute of Dentistry, Sechenov University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - J Bueno
- Division of Oral Radiology, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Brazil
| | - P Miamoto
- Division of Forensic Odontology and Anthropology, Scientific Police of Santa Catarina, 88085-002 Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - A Franco
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, R. Jose-Rocha-Junqueira 13, 13.045-755 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Girijan P, Boedi R, Mânica S, Franco A. The radiographic diversity of dental patterns for human identification - Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Forensic Leg Med 2023; 95:102507. [PMID: 36863069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to revisit the scientific literature related to the diversity of dental patterns observed in radiographs. The rationale was to find evidence to support dental human identifications. A systematic review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Strategic search was accomplished in five electronic data sources (SciELO, Medline/Pubmed, Scopus, Open Grey and OATD) were searched. The study model of choice was observational analytical cross-sectional. The search resulted 4.337 entries. The sequential screening based on title, abstract and full-text reading led to 9 eligible studies (n = 5.700 panoramic radiographs) published between 2004 and 2021. Studies from Asian countries were predominant (e.g., South Korea, China, and India). All the studies showed low risk of bias (measured according to the Johanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool for observational cross-sectional studies). Morphological, therapeutic, and pathological identifiers were charted from radiographs to create dental patterns across studies. Six studies (n = 2.553 individuals) had similar methodology and outcome metrics and were included in the quantitative analysis. A meta-analysis was performed and revealed a pooled diversity of the human dental pattern of 0.979 combining maxillary and mandibular teeth. The additional subgroup analysis with maxillary and mandibular teeth have a diversity rate of 0.897 and 0.924, respectively. The existing literature shows that human dental patterns are highly distinctive, especially if morphological, therapeutic and pathological dental features are combined. The diversity of dental identifiers found in the maxillary, mandibular and combined arches is hereby corroborated by this meta-analyzed systematic review. These outcomes support applications for evidence-based human identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeji Girijan
- Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Rizky Boedi
- Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Scheila Mânica
- Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ademir Franco
- Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, United Kingdom; Division of Forensic Dentistry, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil.
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22
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Kuhnen B, Fernandes CMDS, Barros FD, Scarso Filho J, Gonçalves M, Serra MDC. Chronology of permanent teeth mineralization in Brazilian individuals: age estimation tables. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:165. [PMID: 36949486 PMCID: PMC10035212 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age is important in forming the uniqueness of individuals. When chronological age is not available, age estimation is required, particularly in court cases. The mineralization chronology of permanent teeth is a valuable tool for age estimation of subadults. This study aimed to evaluate the mineralization stages of permanent teeth of Brazilian subjects from imaging exams, using the classification by Moorrees et al. modified by the authors, to verify the existence of correlation between the chronology of mineralization stages and sex and to prepare numerical tables of the chronology of dental mineralization stages for Brazilian individuals. METHODS Digital panoramic radiographs of 1100 living Brazilian individuals of both sexes, aged between 2 and 25 years, born between 1990 and 2018, from the image bank of a Dental Radiographs and Documentations clinic located in the city of Araraquara, SP, Brazil. The images were evaluated according to the level of crown and root development and classified according to the stages proposed by Moorrees et al. (Am J Phys Anthropol 21: 205-213, 1963) adapted by the authors. All analyses were performed in the R software. Descriptive and exploratory analyses were performed on all data. For intra- and inter-examiner analyses, the rate of agreement and Kappa statistics at a 95% confidence interval were used. Kappa was interpreted according to Landis and Koch. RESULTS Only upper and lower canines showed significant differences between the sexes (p < 0.05), with higher average ages for men. The findings were presented in tables, as well as age estimates with 95% confidence intervals for each mineralization stage and each tooth. CONCLUSION In the present study, we evaluated the mineralization stages of permanent teeth of Brazilian subjects from digital panoramic radiographs and found no correlation between the chronology of mineralization stages and sex, except for canines. From the obtained results, numerical tables of the chronology of dental mineralization stages were prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kuhnen
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua Humaitá 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14.801-903, Brazil
| | - Clemente Maia da Silva Fernandes
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua Humaitá 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14.801-903, Brazil
| | - Franciéllen de Barros
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua Humaitá 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14.801-903, Brazil
| | - José Scarso Filho
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua Humaitá 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14.801-903, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gonçalves
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua Humaitá 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14.801-903, Brazil
| | - Mônica da Costa Serra
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua Humaitá 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14.801-903, Brazil.
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23
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Tsogtsaikhan K, Hatano Y, Kosaka M, Yoshida K, Minjuur T, Garidkhuu A, Sasaki K, Suzuki T. Development of formulae for dental age estimation using digital radiographs in the Mongolian population. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2023; 62:102234. [PMID: 36933509 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the applicability of the pulp/tooth ratio (PTR) method for age estimation in Mongolian populations using panoramic radiographs and derive new regression formulae. Moreover, we aimed to assess the accuracy of these formulae in other subjects from the Mongolian population and compare them with the other formulae derived from different Asian populations. The total sample size of the study was 381. The formulae were derived from the examination of panoramic radiographs of 271 individuals aged 15-62 years. Following Cameriere's method, PTR was calculated for the upper and lower canine teeth. Linear regression analyses were performed between the actual age and that obtained from upper-lower canine PTR and established formulae for age estimation. To verify the formulae, two types of test samples were collected: 73 panoramic radiographs and 37 periapical radiographs. The estimated age was calculated using our new formulae and three other formulae derived from Asian populations. The correlation coefficient between the actual age and that obtained by PTR was significantly negative for both canines. According to our new regression formulae, the differences between the estimated age and actual age showed a bell-shaped curve distribution in both test groups. While using the other formulae derived from the Asian population, the distribution patterns obtained were significantly different in the Mongolian population. This study was the first to examine the relationship between actual age and PTR in Mongolian population, and these results advance the field of forensic science in Mongolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khongorzul Tsogtsaikhan
- Division of Dental and Digital Forensics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; School of Dentistry, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, 14210, Ulaanbaatar City, Sukhbaatar District, S. Zorig Street, Mongolia.
| | - Yuka Hatano
- Division of Dental and Digital Forensics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Moe Kosaka
- Division of Dental and Digital Forensics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Kie Yoshida
- Division of Dental and Digital Forensics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Tserenbat Minjuur
- School of Bio-Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, 14210, Ulaanbaatar City, Sukhbaatar District, S. Zorig Street, Mongolia.
| | - Ariuntuul Garidkhuu
- School of Dentistry, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, 14210, Ulaanbaatar City, Sukhbaatar District, S. Zorig Street, Mongolia; School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3, Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba 286-8686, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Division of Dental and Digital Forensics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Toshihiko Suzuki
- Division of Dental and Digital Forensics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
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24
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Alwohaibi RN, Almaimoni RA, Alshrefy AJ, AlMusailet LI, AlHazzaa SA, Menezes RG. Dental implants and forensic identification: A systematic review. J Forensic Leg Med 2023; 96:102508. [PMID: 36948050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of dental implants has witnessed great popularity in recent years. It has been documented that dental implants are valuable aids in forensic identification. In particular, in the event of mass disasters, where distortion of body features may render the process of forensic identification challenging. The present review aims to explore the application of the use of dental implants in forensic identification. A literature search was performed on PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases. All studies addressing the application of dental implants for forensic identification published in English were eligible for inclusion in the review. This systematic review included a total of 14 articles that demonstrated the significance of dental implants in forensic identification. Three studies reported the use of dental implants in the process of identification of the deceased, one of which found the distance of the implant from the maxillary sinus was a pathognomonic feature of identity. Four studies conducted incineration experiments to assess dental implant characteristics following incineration. The studies identified the batch number and characteristic threads and grooves on dental implants despite incineration. The remaining studies evaluated the role of radiological assessment in identification. The findings of the aforementioned studies highlighted the benefits of radiologic imaging in identification. Dental implants carry extreme significance in forensic identification owing to their durability and ability to withstand extreme temperatures. This process can be further enhanced by the implementation of advanced technology in forensic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawaa N Alwohaibi
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema A Almaimoni
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan J Alshrefy
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Latifah I AlMusailet
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad A AlHazzaa
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Martínez-Chicón J, Márquez-Ruiz AB, González-Herrera L, Luna JDD, Valenzuela A. Dental pattern diversity in a military population and its usefulness for assessing the degree of certainty in dental identification. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 345:111609. [PMID: 36857989 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
In forensic dentistry, the analysis of dental diversity forms the basis of probability calculations in dental identification. The present study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of dental diversity in a Spanish military population (considering isolated teeth, sets of different numbers of teeth, and combinations of teeth of forensic interest) and its implications for dental identification. A further aim was to compare the performance of three coding systems (detailed, generic, and binary) to assess dental pattern diversity. Dental diversity of a representative sample of the Spanish military population (3920 individuals aged between 18 and 55 years) was calculated according to a genetic (mitochondrial DNA) model in which diversity was defined as the likelihood that two randomly selected individuals in a sample would exhibit different patterns. By performing all pairwise comparisons of dental patterns in the dataset, the total number of matches was generated, and the diversity of dental patterns was then derived. First and third molars were the teeth that showed the highest levels of diversity, and a high diversity value (>0.99) was obtained with only 5 teeth (16, 36, 38, 46, and 48) when detailed coding was used. In addition, dental diversity in the full dentition and posterior teeth exceeded the threshold of 0.99 in all three coding systems. Although a very high diversity value (≥0.999) was only achieved with detailed coding, it should be noted that the generic coding system requires less time and skill to use, and can also provide high diversity values. Our findings show that further efforts should be made to establish large, periodically updated dental datasets of different populations in order to assess dental pattern diversity (without excluding third molars) based on empirical comparison, and to substantiate the certainty of dental identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Martínez-Chicón
- Under Secretary of Defense, Ministry of Defense of Spain, P.º de la Castellana 109, 28046 Madrid, Spain; Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigación 11, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Márquez-Ruiz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigación 11, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Lucas González-Herrera
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigación 11, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan de Dios Luna
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigación 11, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Aurora Valenzuela
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigación 11, 18071 Granada, Spain
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26
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Harudin MH, Franco A, Jaffar N, Noor MHM, Ibrahim MA, Manica S. Volumetric assessment of canines using post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) for sexual dimorphism in a Malaysian population. Egypt J Forensic Sci 2023; 13:18. [PMID: 36945364 PMCID: PMC10021044 DOI: 10.1186/s41935-023-00339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent research has explored volumetric assessment in three-dimensional (3D) imaging procedures for sexual dimorphism. The 3D techniques have enabled a more realistic, accurate, and non-invasive visualization of sex-related anatomical parameters, such as the size and shape of human teeth. Aim To perform sexual dimorphism based on dental tissue volumes of permanent left maxillary and mandibular canines in a Malaysian population. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on 220 post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) scans of Malaysian subjects (114 males and 106 females) aged between 18 and 40 years old. The permanent left maxillary and mandibular canines were analysed based on the volume of their (I) enamel cap, (II) coronal dentine, and (III) root, as well as the combination between the three dental tissue volumes (DTV). 3D Slicer version 4.10.2 computer software was used to perform a semi-automated segmentation of the anatomic regions of interest of each tooth. Results The DTV of the permanent left maxillary and mandibular canines showed sexual dimorphism as the males presented larger DTV than females (p < 0.05). After binary logistic regression, the DTV revealed an overall sex classification rate of 60 to 74.1%. The DTV of the permanent left mandibular canine had more discriminant power to correctly classify males and females compared to the left maxillary canine. Conclusions The volumetric assessment of the dental tissues of the permanent left maxillary and mandibular canines could discriminate sex in the Malaysian population. Given the limited classification rate, this approach could act solely as a supplementary tool to existing sex estimation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Hafizal Harudin
- grid.412516.50000 0004 0621 7139Unit of Forensic Odontology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ademir Franco
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Norhayati Jaffar
- grid.412516.50000 0004 0621 7139Unit of Forensic Odontology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Helmee Mohamad Noor
- grid.412516.50000 0004 0621 7139Unit of Forensic Radiology, Department of Radiology, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Azaini Ibrahim
- grid.412516.50000 0004 0621 7139Department of Forensic Medicine, National Forensic Institute of Malaysia (NFIM), Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Scheila Manica
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
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Jacometti V, Sato CM, Meireles DA, Silva RHAD. Age estimation using London Atlas methodology: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 342:111532. [PMID: 36462471 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Age estimation is a fundamental competence of Forensic Anthropologists and Odontologists. The London Atlas is a dental development chart by AlQahtani et al. (2010) that gained recent notoriety due to its applicability in forensic scenarios. This study aimed to answer, by a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis, the following question: "on average, what is the deviation between real and estimated ages, when applying the London Atlas method in sub-adults?". This study was carried out according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Five electronic databases were screened (PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS), and active search was carried out. The quality assessment was performed by means of Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools for Systematic Reviews. The initial search resulted in 1021 studies, from which 24 filled the inclusion criteria. For the meta-analysis, 17 studies provided sufficient data. Out of these, eleven studies enabled meta-analysis of mean absolute difference values. Standardized mean differences were 0.02 years for MD and 0.78 for MAD. Analysis of subgroups was also accomplished by sex, and did not indicated heterogeneity between males and females. The London Atlas is an accurate age estimation method, presenting acceptable error and bias values worldwide. Despite the high heterogeneity of the studies, majority of studies presented a low risk of bias. Meta-analysis showed a non-significant and slight tendency of overestimating age, in total. Sub-group analysis showed modestly better results for boys than girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Jacometti
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto. Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Virginia, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14015-130, Brazil
| | - Cindy Maki Sato
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto. Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Virginia, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14015-130, Brazil
| | - Daniely Amorim Meireles
- Department of Stomatology, Public Health and Forensic Odontology, School fo Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto. Avenida do Café, s/n, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Henrique Alves da Silva
- Department of Stomatology, Public Health and Forensic Odontology, School fo Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto. Avenida do Café, s/n, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil.
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Merdietio Boedi R, Shepherd S, Oscandar F, Mânica S, Franco A. 3D segmentation of dental crown for volumetric age estimation with CBCT imaging. Int J Legal Med 2023; 137:123-30. [PMID: 36197526 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02898-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In adult dental age estimation, segmentation of dental volumetric information from different tooth parts using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has proven beneficial in improving the regression model reliability. This segmentation method can be expanded in the crown part since the volumetric information in the crown is affected by attrition in the enamel and secondary dentine in the dentine and pulp chamber. CBCT scans from 99 patients aged between 20 and 60 were collected retrospectively. A total of 80 eligible teeth for each tooth type were used in this study. The enamel to dentine volume ratio (EDVR), pulp to dentine volume ratio (PDVR) and sex were used as independent variables to predict chronological age (CA). The EDVR was not affected by PDVR. The highest R2 was calculated from the maxillary canine (R2 = 0.6). The current approach in crown segmentation has proven to improve model performance in anterior maxillary teeth.
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Pinto PHV, Fares LC, Silva RHAD. Dental age estimation by cementum incremental lines counting: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Forensic Sci Int 2022; 341:111492. [PMID: 36240671 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The estimation of dental age by cementum incremental lines (CIL) is a widely investigated method; however, its reliability remains uncertain. The aim of this article was to assess whether CIL are a reliable biological indicator for estimating dental age. A search was performed in Embase, LILACS, PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science databases using a combination of terms related to the topic. Two independent reviewers used inclusion and exclusion criteria so that relevant articles were selected and evaluated. For the risk of bias analysis, a checklist from The Joanna Briggs Institute was applied. For the meta-analysis, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient between chronological age and estimated age was considered as an effect measure. The heterogeneity of studies was assessed using the Cochran's Q statistical test (p < 0.05), and the publication bias using the asymmetry of the Funnel plot and Egger's linear regression test (p < 0.05). Most selected articles had low risk of bias. Although not all studies were included in the meta-analysis, it demonstrated the presence of high heterogeneity among them. Despite this, the synthesized result indicated that the age estimated by CIL count has a high correlation with chronological age. Furthermore, the graphical analysis suggested the absence of publication bias, which was confirmed by the Egger's linear regression test. Therefore, there is scientific evidence that CIL are reliable in estimating dental age, but the method requires a standardized protocol to be followed, as well as the rigorous choice of the root area to be analyzed.
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Brkić H, Galić I, Vodanović M, Dumančić J, Mehdi F, Anić Milošević S. The Cameriere, Haavikko, Demirjian, and Willems methods for the assessment of dental age in Croatian children. Int J Legal Med 2022. [PMID: 36131089 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02891-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the Cameriere European formula, Demirjian, Haavikko, and Willems methods for estimating dental age in a sample of children with permanent dentition in Croatia. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study consisted of a sample of 1576 panoramic radiographs; a sub-sample of 84 OPGs, in which all first seven mandibular teeth were maturated, was excluded from the study. A final sample of 1492 (704 males and 788 females) aged 6.0 to 13.9 years was evaluated. Seven mandibular teeth from the left side of the mandible were analyzed, and dental age (DA) was determined by the Cameriere European formula, Demirjian method from 1976, Haavikko, and Willems methods and compared to chronological age (CA). In addition, the mean age difference (DA-CA), the mean absolute error (MAE) between dental and chronological age, the percentage of the individuals of dental age within ± 0.25 to ± 2 years of chronological age, and intra-observer and inter-observer statistics were calculated. RESULTS The Cameriere European formula estimated the best dental age compared to the chronological age; the mean underestimation was - 0.4 years for both sexes, Haavikko underestimated by - 0.17 years, while Demirjian and Willems overestimated by 1.02 years and 0.48 years, respectively. The most significant difference showed the Demirjian method in 11-year-old and 12-year-old females. The MAE were 0.50 years, 1.01 years, 0.61 years, and 0.78 years in males and 0.51 years, 1.18 years, 0.61 years, and 0.70 years in females for the Cameriere European formula, Haavikko, Willems, and Demirjian methods, respectively. Furthermore, the Cameriere European formula showed the highest proportions of individuals with DA within ± 0.5 year difference of the CA, 61.5% in males and 59.6% in females. In addition, the Cameriere method showed the best intra-observer and inter-observer agreements. CONCLUSIONS Although the Demirjian method was used previously in Croatian children for legal, medical, and clinical purposes, the Cameriere European formula, Haavikko, and Willems were more accurate in the tested sample. According to our findings, the Cameriere European formula showed the best accuracy and precision in dental age assessment in Croatian children following Haavikko, and we recommend it as the method of the first choice in forensic and clinical analyses.
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Silva-Chacón ME, Carlos-Erazo AM, Arriola-Guillén LE, De Luca S. Technical note: Validity of a non-destructive device for opening dental arches in rigor mortis cadavers. Forensic Sci Int 2022; 338:111405. [PMID: 35914482 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Forensic dental autopsy is a fundamental procedure for the study of a death under judicial investigation in the search for postmortem (PM) information that can be compared with the antemortem (AM) data available from the cadaver. One of the major difficulties in taking postmortem evidence is the opening of the mouth, limited in many cases by the phenomenon of cadaveric rigidity or rigor mortis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a new device designed to facilitate the opening of the dental arches in rigor mortis corpses. For this purpose, a sample of 30 corpses (22 men and 8 women; mean age 42.18 years and 38.75 years) from the Institute of Legal Medicine of the city of Lima (Peru) was analyzed. A forensic odontologist designed and manufactured the apparatus and carried out the sample analysis process. The initial and maximum measurements of oral cavity opening were recorded and a paired Student's t-test was applied to observe the difference between these initial and maximum measurements obtained (p < 0.05). The results showed that the average oral opening obtained with the new appliance was 43.83 ± 3.62 mm, with an average initial opening of 6.49 ± 3.04 mm (p < 0.001). The efficacy was similar in men and women (maximum opening M: 51.70 mm - F: 53.00 mm). In 29 of the 30 carcasses studied (96.7%) an opening greater than 40 mm was obtained, the latter being a minimum measurement sufficient to access the oral cavity. The efficacy of this new instrument for oral autopsy purposes is highlighted, since it does not cause destruction of the soft tissues and allows the correct manipulation of the oral structures present.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana María Carlos-Erazo
- Servicio de Odontología Forense-UNTOQUIL. Instituto de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Stefano De Luca
- Área de Identificación Forense, Unidad de Derechos Humanos, Servicio Médico Legal, Santiago, Chile; Panacea Cooperative Research S. Coop., Ponferrada, Spain; AgEstimation Project, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Italy
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Machado MVF, Soares MQS, Baz AMSA, Junqueira JLC, Franco A. A large sample-sized study on dental development of children treated at the Central Dental Clinic (OCEx) of the Brazilian Army. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5439-5447. [PMID: 35484357 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test and compare the performance of two radiographic methods for dental age estimation on a large sample of Brazilian boys and girls. MATERIAL AND METHODS The sample consisted of 1.990 panoramic radiographs of Brazilian children (age: 3-15.9 years) equally balanced based on sex. The sample was distributed into ten age categories, each with up to 200 children. Age estimation was performed with Willems' (2001) and Demirjian's (1973) methods. Estimated (EA) and chronological (CA) ages were compared. The performances of the methods were quantified based on sex and age category. RESULTS The overall differences between CA and EA for Willems' method in boys and girls were 0.06 and - 0.02, respectively. For Demirjian's method, the differences were 0.60 and 0.74, respectively. The overestimations of Demirjian's method were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Willems' method reached the best outcomes among children between 3 and 12 years, while Demirjian's best performances were between the ages of 7 and 10 years. CONCLUSION Willems' method led to differences between CA and AE that were acceptable for clinical and forensic practice. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Age estimation may guide clinical decisions based on treatment timing. Validating international tools is necessary to promote evidence-based practice and country-specific application. This study overcame the limitations of previous research to provide a more realistic perspective of the performance of age estimation methods in Brazilian children. Willems' method had a superior performance compared to Demirjian's method and led to outcomes that were better than most studies with the Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ademir Franco
- Division of Forensic Dentistry, Faculdade Sao Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil. .,Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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Akman H, Surme K, Cimen T, Ayyildiz H. Accuracy of different dental age estimation methods for determining the legal majority of 18 years in the Turkish population. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4537-4547. [PMID: 35194681 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Radiographic evaluation of the third molar maturation is used to estimate dental age, especially in adolescence. This study aimed to assess the application of three age estimation methods (Cameriere's third molar maturity index (I3M), Demirjian's maturation stages, and The London Atlas) to determine whether an individual is 18 years or older (adult) or younger than 18 years (minor). MATERIALS AND METHODS The dental age was estimated using the I3M, Demirjian's maturation stages, and The London Atlas methods on panoramic radiograms of a total of 500 Turkish individuals aged 14-22 years. A logistic model was derived with an individual's adult or minor status as the dependent variable, and each method and sex as predictive variables. The adult status was determined using dental age estimation methods and the performance of these methods in differentiating adults from minors was evaluated. The three methods were compared case-wise for their accuracy in predicting adult status. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis showed that sex and each estimation method were statistically significant in discriminating adults and minors (p < 0.05). In the case-wise comparison for estimate adulthood, both Demirjian's stages and I3M methods tended to perform better than the London Atlas method, with this trend reaching statistical significance (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Cameriere's I3M and Demirjian's development stages are useful methods for adult age assessment in the tested population. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In forensic medicine and legal practices, Cameriere's I3M and Demirjian's maturation stage methods based on the development of the third molar teeth can be used to determine whether an individual is a minor or an adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayri Akman
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Koray Surme
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Tansu Cimen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Halil Ayyildiz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the reproducibility of dental age estimation methods in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the correlation between dental (DA) and chronological (CA) ages. METHODS The scientific literature was searched in six databases (PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science, SciELO, and OATD). Only observational studies were selected. Within each study, the outcomes of interest were (I) the quantified reproducibility of the method (κ statistics and Intraclass correlation coefficient); and (II) the correlation (r) between the dental and chronological ages. A random-effect three-level meta-analysis was conducted alongside moderator analysis based on methods, arch (maxillary/mandibular), population, and number of roots. RESULTS From 671 studies, 39 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with one study reporting two different methods. The methods used in the studies were divided into metric (n = 17), volumetric (n = 20), staging (n = 2), and atlas (n = 1). All studies reported high examiner reproducibility. Group 1 (metric and volumetric) provided a high inverse weighted r ([Formula: see text] = -0.71, CI [-0.79,-0.61]), and Group 2 (staging) provided a medium-weighted r ([Formula: see text] = 0.49, CI [0.44, 0.53]). Moderator analysis on Group one did not show statistically significant differences between methods, tooth position, arch, and number of roots. An exception was detected in the analysis based on population (Southeast Asia, [Formula: see text] = -0.89, CI [-0.94,-0.81]). CONCLUSION There is high evidence that CBCT methods are reproducible and reliable in dental age estimation. Quantitative metric and volumetric analysis demonstrated better performance in predicting chronological age than staging. Future studies exploring population-specific variability for age estimation with metric and volumetric CBCT analysis may prove beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizky Merdietio Boedi
- Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.,Department of Dentistry, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Simon Shepherd
- Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Scheila Mânica
- Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Ademir Franco
- Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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de Jesus Santos Nascimento CT, de Oliveira MN, Vidigal MTC, Inocêncio GSG, de Andrade Vieira W, Franco A, Ferreira MC, Paranhos LR. Domestic Violence against Women Detected and Managed in Dental Practice: a Systematic Review. J Fam Violence 2022; 38:149-160. [PMID: 35013643 PMCID: PMC8732966 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-021-00351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the knowledge of dental care professionals to identify and manage clinical situations that indicate violence against women. PRISMA guidelines were followed and a systematic review protocol was registered in PROSPERO. The systematic search was designed based on the PICo strategy. Six databases were used as primary research sources (PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, SciELO, Web of Science, and Embase). Three databases (OpenGrey, OpenThesis, and OATD) were used to detect the "grey literature". Observational studies (cross-sectional, cohort, or case-control) were included, and there were no restrictions of year or language of publication. Two authors selected and extracted the data from the eligible studies. The risk of bias was assessed with the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. The search resulted in 10,115 studies. Eleven met the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. The studies were published from 1994 to 2018. All studies presented low risk of bias. Among the dental care professionals, only 1-7.1% of the dentists included injury search and examination of their patients for signs of violence. Less than 47% of the professionals had knowledge to identify violence injuries. When it comes to knowledge to identify signs of domestic violence, positive answers were below 24%. Considering all the variables assessed in this study, dental care professionals presented deficiencies regarding the knowledge and management of situations of domestic violence against women. Educational strategies are necessary to prepare dental care professional to identify and report suspicious cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Murilo Navarro de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | | | | | - Walbert de Andrade Vieira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ademir Franco
- Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
- Division of Forensic Dentistry, Faculty São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Therapeutic Stomatology, Institute of Dentistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Luiz Renato Paranhos
- Division of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Av. Pará, 1720, Bloco 2G, sala 1, Uberlândia, MG ZIP code: 38405-320 Brazil
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Kim YH, Ha EG, Jeon KJ, Lee C, Han SS. A fully automated method of human identification based on dental panoramic radiographs using a convolutional neural network. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2021; 51:20210383. [PMID: 34826252 PMCID: PMC9499198 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20210383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to develop a fully automated human identification method based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) with a large-scale dental panoramic radiograph (DPR) data set. METHODS In total, 2760 DPRs from 746 subjects who had 2-17 DPRs with various changes in image characteristics due to various dental treatments (tooth extraction, oral surgery, prosthetics, orthodontics, or tooth development) were collected. The test data set included the latest DPR of each subject (746 images) and the other DPRs (2014 images) were used for model training. A modified VGG16 model with two fully connected layers was applied for human identification. The proposed model was evaluated with rank-1, -3, and -5 accuracies, running time, and gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM)-applied images. RESULTS This model had rank-1, -3, and -5 accuracies of 82.84%, 89.14%, and 92.23%, respectively. All rank-1 accuracy values of the proposed model were above 80% regardless of changes in image characteristics. The average running time to train the proposed model was 60.9 s per epoch, and the prediction time for 746 test DPRs was short (3.2 s/image). The Grad-CAM technique verified that the model automatically identified humans by focusing on identifiable dental information. CONCLUSION The proposed model showed good performance in fully automatic human identification despite differing image characteristics of DPRs acquired from the same patients. Our model is expected to assist in the fast and accurate identification by experts by comparing large amounts of images and proposing identification candidates at high speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hyun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Gyu Ha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kug Jin Jeon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chena Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Sun Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
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Naidu D, Franco A, Mânica S. Exploring the use of selfies in human identification. J Forensic Leg Med 2021; 85:102293. [PMID: 34864506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2021.102293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The comparison of post-mortem evidence to ante-mortem data is the usual approach Forensic Odontologists take in managing human identification cases. Although dental charts and radiographs are widely used as ante-mortem dental evidence, photographs, including non-clinical ones such as selfies are not regarded as such. Therefore, photographs are not regularly assessed in identifying the deceased. This cross-sectional study was aimed to investigate the possible contributions of selfies in human identification and to suggest a structured methodology to assess selfie images with the data collected. MATERIAL AND METHODS An e-survey composed of five open and seven close-ended questions was designed using JISC Online Surveys program (2020) to explore the opinions of practising Forensic Odontologists and related professionals on the use of photographs and selfies in human identification. Responses to the survey were collected and analysed into descriptive charts and statistics. RESULTS Eighty-two out of 200 professionals completed their responses (40.8% response rate). 73.2% of them acknowledged that selfies could be used as a main or adjunct evidence in dental identification. Experienced participants in selfies assessed dental anatomy (n = 6), dental restorations (n = 6), craniofacial landmarks (n = 5), oral soft tissues (n = 3), and implement the use of photo-editing software (n = 3) when provided with photographs to analyze using the direct comparison technique. CONCLUSION It may be concluded that selfies could be supplementary dental ante-mortem evidence. The designing of a step-by-step visual analysis of dental characteristics on a selfie photograph could subsequently be incorporated into official Forensic Odontology association guidelines worldwide. Further research in this area should be carried out along with the advancements in technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharshini Naidu
- Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.
| | - Ademir Franco
- Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Scheila Mânica
- Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Al-Omoush SA, Alhadidi A, Al-Kayed A, Saoud H, Alsoleihat F. Do upper third molars provide more accurate age estimation in the adult based on the pulp-to-tooth ratio than lower third molars? A cone-beam CT study. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:702-706. [PMID: 34803322 PMCID: PMC8589583 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Age-at-death estimation is an essential part of the identification process of individuals in many forensic dentistry cases where identity of the individual cannot be resolved by visual recognition or other means. Dental age estimation in adults is more of a challenge as most teeth complete their development by the age of 18 years. Aim This study aims at using the mesio-distal (MD) pulp-to-tooth ratio taken at the cervix of upper third molars (UM3) to estimate age at the time of radiographic imaging. Materials and Methods A set of 135 Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) radiographs of UM3s for a random sample of 135 Jordanian adults (65 females, 70 males; age range = 18–63 years, mean age = 34.4 years, SD = 11.2 years) were used. Both pulp and tooth MD diameters were measured at the cervix. MD pulp-to-tooth ratios for UM3s were correlated with age. Results Statistically significant negative moderate correlation was found between the age of the individual and the cervix MD pulp/tooth ratio (r = −0.516). This indicates that only 26.6% of the variation in age can be explained by the cervix MD pulp-to-tooth ratio. Conclusions This study concludes that cervix MD pulp-to-tooth ratio of UM3s, although apparently stronger than that of lower M3s (r = −0.361), is not a sufficiently reliable estimator of age in adults, and this is perhaps attributed to the greater variability in the time line of third molars development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah A. Al-Omoush
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Abeer Alhadidi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Awni Al-Kayed
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Hamza Saoud
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Firas Alsoleihat
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Corresponding author.
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Sezer B, Çarıkçıoğlu B. Accuracy of the London Atlas, Haavikko's Method and Cameriere's European Formula of dental age estimation in Turkish children. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2021; 54:101991. [PMID: 34784498 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Age estimation is a mandatory procedure when the chronological age is unknown or uncertain. Dental development is the preferred characteristic for estimating a child's age. There are many methods for dental age estimation, but their reliability can differ between populations. This study compared the accuracy of three of these methods-the London Atlas (LA), Haavikko's method (HM), and Cameriere's European formula (CF)-in Turkish children living in northwestern Turkey. Panoramic radiographs of 980 children from northwestern Turkey aged between 6.00 and 14.99 years were examined for the whole study group and separately for different ages and sexes by all three methods. Statistical differences between chronological age and dental age were tested using the paired sample t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The LA, HM, and CF accuracies were determined based on the mean absolute error. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient showed that the correlation between chronological age and dental age for both sexes was linear for all methods. The LA overestimated the chronological age by 0.09 years, while HM and CF underestimated it by 0.49 and 0.11 years, respectively. The difference between dental age and chronological age was significant in all samples, for all methods, except for the LA in boys. When boys, girls, and the total sample were evaluated, values with the lowest mean absolute error were obtained by HM and were statistically significant in all three groups. Therefore, HM is more accurate than the LA and CF for dental age estimation in Turkish children living in northwestern Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkant Sezer
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Kepez, Çanakkale, Turkey.
| | - Burak Çarıkçıoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Kepez, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Giraudeau N, Duflos C, Moncayo C, Marin G, Baccino E, Martrille L, Inquimbert C. Teledentistry and forensic odontology: Cross-sectional observational comparative pilot study. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 326:110932. [PMID: 34343941 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Forensic dentistry is the branch of forensic science concerned with the study of teeth and jaws. To facilitate the work of experts, new comparative identification tools are emerging, with digital techniques such as the intra-oral camera, which are revolutionising current techniques in forensic dentistry. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic quality of the post-mortem odontogram carried out remotely via a video of the oral cavity using an intra-oral camera. The gold standard is the post-mortem odontogram obtained via the standard identification technique during the clinical examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS 25 deceased patients were included in the study and the data were collected in the Forensic Medicine and Thanatology Department at the University Hospital of Montpellier. The protocol was divided into three stages: the gold standard consultation, the recording of videos with the Soprocare® camera, and the remote analysis of the images obtained. The gold standard consultation and the remote analysis were carried out by two separate dental surgeons responsible for completing a clinical file, used to establish the odontogram of the deceased patient. RESULTS The study was carried out on 25 deceased subjects, between 13 May and 12 June 2019. Our sample was composed of 68% men and 32% women. A sensitivity threshold of 0.97 was observed for the performance of the odontogram, i.e., for all the teeth actually present in the mouth for all subjects in the study, 97% of them were identified with the videos taken using the intraoral camera. The examination with the intra-oral camera demonstrated a good diagnostic performance in the detection of missing teeth with a PPV of 97.9% and a NPV of 98.2%. Practitioner became more skilled at recording the videos with the intra-oral camera. One can therefore note an ease in the handling of this digital tool, which gradually improved with the number of subjects included in the study CONCLUSIONS: The Soprocare® intraoral camera has an acceptable diagnostic validity in establishing the odontogram of the deceased. It enables fundamental elements to be detected with optimal efficiency. However, several points still need to be improved, in order to make the use of the camera during data collection as easy and efficient as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Giraudeau
- CEPEL, UMR 5112, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Dental department, University Hospital of Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - C Duflos
- Service Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit, Medical Information Department, CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Moncayo
- Dental department, University Hospital of Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - G Marin
- Service Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit, Medical Information Department, CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - E Baccino
- Forensic Medicine Unit, CHU de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - L Martrille
- Forensic Medicine Unit, CHU de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France
| | - C Inquimbert
- Dental department, University Hospital of Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Systematic Health Care, EA 4129, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Cadenas de Llano-Pérula M, Kihara E, Thevissen P, Nyamunga D, Fieuws S, Kanini M, Willems G. Validating dental age estimation in Kenyan black children and adolescents using the Willems method. Med Sci Law 2021; 61:180-185. [PMID: 33270504 DOI: 10.1177/0025802420977379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to validate the Willems Belgian Caucasian (Willems BC) age estimation model in a Kenyan sample, to develop and validate a Kenyan-specific (Willems KB) age estimation model and to compare the age prediction performances of both models. METHODS Panoramic radiographs of 1038 (523 female, 515 male) Kenyan children without missing permanent teeth and without all permanent teeth fully developed (except third molars) were retrospectively selected. Tooth development of the seven lower-left permanent teeth was staged according to Demirjian et al. The Willems BC model, performed on a Belgian Caucasian sample and a constructed Kenyan-specific model (Willems KB) were validated on the Kenyan sample. Their age prediction performances were quantified and compared using the mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE). RESULTS The ME with Willems BC method equalled zero. Hence, there was no systematic under- or overestimation of the age. For males and females separately, the ME with Willems BC was significantly different from zero, but negligible in magnitude (-0.04 and 0.04, respectively). Willems KB was found not to outperform Willems BC, since the MAE and RMSE were comparable (0.98 vs 0.97 and 1.31 vs 1.29, respectively). Although Willems BC resulted in a higher percentage of subjects with predicted age within a one-year difference of the true age (63.3% vs 60.4%, p=0.018), this cannot be considered as clinically relevant. CONCLUSION There is no reason to use a country-specific (Willems KB) model in children from Kenya instead of the original Willems (BC) model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cadenas de Llano-Pérula
- Department of Oral Health Sciences - Orthodontics, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eunice Kihara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Patrick Thevissen
- Department of Imaging and Pathology - Forensic Odontology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Donna Nyamunga
- Forensic Odontologist, Ministry of Health - NPHLS, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Steffen Fieuws
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, KU Leuven and University Hasselt, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Guy Willems
- Department of Oral Health Sciences - Orthodontics, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Hostiuc S, Edison SE, Diaconescu I, Negoi I, Isaila OM. Accuracy of the Demirjian's method for assessing the age in children, from 1973 to 2020. A meta-analysis. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2021; 52:101901. [PMID: 33964679 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common ways to assess the age in subadults using dental records is the Demirjian method. As the number of the studies using this method increased significantly in the recent years, and as their results were often conflicting, we investigated the accuracy of the method. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies obtained from Pubmed, using a random-effects model with the DerSimonian-Laird estimator, and raw mean difference for effect size measure. Prediction intervals (at 95%) were used to assess the presence of significant statistical differences between chronological and dental age. Our meta-analysis showed that Demirijan's method overestimated dental age by 0.48 years in girls and 0.51 in boys. Depending on the location and sex, in girls the smallest average overestimation was found in Asia (except India), with a value of 0.36 years, and the largest overestimation in Turkey/Arabia, with a value of 0.66 years. In boys, the smallest average overestimation was found in India (0.45 years), but Asia (except India), Africa - both with 0.46 years and Oceania - with 0.47 years were close, while the largest overestimation was found in Turkey/Arabia, with an average value of 0.63 years. The Demirjian method overestimated the age by about half a year for both sexes. Even if there are some geographical/ethnic differences, they are rather small, making the method useful irrespective of the ethnic profile of the subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorin Hostiuc
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Dept. of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Sharon-Ema Edison
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Dept. of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Ionut Negoi
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana-Maria Isaila
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Dept. of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Bucharest, Romania
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Beaini TL, Miamoto P, Duailibi-Neto EF, Tedeschi-Oliveira SV, Chilvarquer I, Melani RFH. Facial soft tissue depth measurements in cone-beam computed tomography: A study of a Brazilian sample. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2021; 50:101866. [PMID: 33667933 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Forensic facial reconstruction (approximation) (FFR) is an aid to human identification when no presumed identity is available. It is based on average soft tissue thickness (STT) applied onto a skull. These averages vary at each landmark according to sex, ancestry, and Facial Growth Patterns (FGP). To obtain the reference, there are different protocols and conditions, such as needles in cadavers, ultrasound, magnetic resonance, and computer tomography. Using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), landmark placement and direction of measurement are critical. The purpose of this article is to detailly describe a method for STT measurement in CBCT DICOM files and to test it in the analysis of a multi-ancestral Brazilian sample, subdivided into sex, age and FGP. A sample of 100 (50 male and 50 female) CBCT exams were selected and the volume was primarily been repositioned to cephalometric standards. A detailed description of the location and measurement direction of 32 landmarks was provided and granted good reproducibility of the measurements. The averages were assessed by sex, age, and FGP. There were significant differences between males and females. The CBCT measuring protocol provided standardization of measurements and is a method to be used in future researches. Advantages of CBCT, such as the subject's upright position and adjustable volume positioning, also justify its usage. Limited differences of STT were related to age and FGP. The updated Brazilian soft tissue thickness chart is a reliable source of data for forensic and clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago L Beaini
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Uberlândia Federal University, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Miamoto
- Instituto Geral de Perícias de Santa Catarina (IGP/SC), Brazil
| | | | | | - Israel Chilvarquer
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo F Haltenhoff Melani
- Department of Social Dentistry, Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology and Odontology (OFLAB), University of São Paulo Dental School - FOUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Franco RPAV, Franco A, Turkina A, Arakelyan M, Arzukanyan A, Velenko P, Bortolami PB, Makeeva I, da Silva RHA. Radiographic assessment of third molar development in a Russian population to determine the age of majority. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 125:105102. [PMID: 33706152 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the applicability of "Gleiser and Hunt dental staging system modified by Kohler" (GHK) to assess third molar (3 M) development in a Russian population in order to determine the age of majority. DESIGN The sample consisted of 918 panoramic radiographs from Russian females (n = 551) and males (n = 367) within the age interval between 8 and 23 years. On each radiograph, 3 M development was classified based on the GHK technique. Statistics tested the data for normality. Mean age and standard deviation were described for each 3 M position. Ordinal logistic regression tested the performance of the technique to classify individuals below or above the 18-year threshold. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used. RESULTS The mean ages and standard deviation (SD) for apex closure in females were 21,11 (SD = 1,47), 21,11 (SD = 1,43), 21,24 (SD = 1,39), and 21,29 (SD = 1,28) years for the teeth #18, 28, 38, and 48, respectively. Among males, the same teeth showed mean closure ages of 20,57 (SD = 1,69), 20,64 (SD = 1,76), 20,68 (SD = 1,68), and 20,81 (SD = 1,62) years, respectively. Area under the curve (AUC) reached 0.904 and 0.915 for classifying females and males below or above the 18-year threshold. CONCLUSION The GHK technique was able to describe 3 M development in a Russian population. The statistic model was able to classify individuals below or above the 18-year threshold. However, the outcomes must be carefully interpreted, especially in borderline cases (17-19-year spectrum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Porto Alegre Valente Franco
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Stomatology, Public Health and Forensic Odontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ademir Franco
- Division of Forensic Dentistry, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil; University of Dundee, Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Turkina
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marianna Arakelyan
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina Arzukanyan
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Velenko
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Priscilla Belandrino Bortolami
- Division of Forensic Dentistry, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Irina Makeeva
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ricardo Henrique Alves da Silva
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Stomatology, Public Health and Forensic Odontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Corte-Real A, Caetano C, Alves S, Pereira AD, Rocha S, Nuno Vieira D. Patient Safety in Dental Practice: Lessons to Learn About the Risks and Limits of Professional Liability. Int Dent J 2021:S0020-6539(20)36545-X. [PMID: 33640155 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Health professionals should work with the notion of risk involved in the health care process. Dental practice risk is of particular interest because it encompasses both aesthetic and functional components. Focusing on guidelines suggested by the World Health Organization and objectives on patient safety, this study has 2 objectives: to present Portuguese medicolegal data on corporal damage evaluation related to iatrogenic sequelae during dental practice and to present updated evidence on patient safety. Materials and methods A retrospective study was performed by analysing data from the database of the Laboratory of Forensic Dentistry of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal, from 2013 to 2018. Results One hundred seven medicolegal files were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Iatrogenic sequelae (73.8%, 79 out of 107) were categorised as risks (60 out of 79) and malpractice (19 out of 79). The risk was associated mostly with mandibular dysfunction and orthodontic treatment (62.2%). Malpractice was mostly associated with neurological deficit and implant rehabilitation (47.4%). Discussion and conclusion Greater attention to these data by professionals was emphasised, especially when considering patient safety and health care quality. This article presents the Portuguese data on professional liability in the field of dental practice, categorising iatrogenic sequelae into risks and malpractice, as well as the oral rehabilitation procedure and timeline.
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Franco A, de Oliveira MN, Campos Vidigal MT, Blumenberg C, Pinheiro AA, Paranhos LR. Assessment of dental age estimation methods applied to Brazilian children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2021; 50:20200128. [PMID: 32479117 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20200128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the scientific literature of studies on dental age estimation methods applied to Brazilian children. METHODS A systematic literature review was designed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020136170). Six scientific databases were used as primary search sources (PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, SciELO, Embase and Web of Science) and two databases (Open Grey and Open Thesis) were searched to partially select the "grey literature." Only cross-sectional studies were included. The risk of bias was assessed by means of Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools for Systematic Reviews. The standardized mean difference (SMD) between the estimated dental and chronological ages was meta-analysed via random effects model. RESULTS The search resulted in 2,527 studies, from which 13 met the eligibility criteria. Out of the eligible studies, 76.92% had low risk of bias and high methodological quality. Ten studies provided proper information to be included in the meta-analysis.The methods and their SMD between estimated and chronological ages were: Willems'=0.05, Lilequist and Lundberg's = -0.11, Nolla's = 0.22, Mornstad's = 0.27, Cameriere's = -0.31, Demirjian's = 0.74 and Haavikko's = -0.87. CONCLUSION Although originally trained in populations worldwide, most of the international methods for radiographical dental age estimation had optimal performance in Brazilian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademir Franco
- Division of Forensic Dentistry, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Therapeutic Stomatology, Institute of Dentistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Murilo Navarro de Oliveira
- Post-graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Cauane Blumenberg
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriele Alves Pinheiro
- Division of Forensic Dentistry, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Renato Paranhos
- Division of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Koç A, Özlek E, Öner Talmaç AG. Accuracy of the London atlas, Willems, and Nolla methods for dental age estimation: a cross-sectional study on Eastern Turkish children. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:4833-4840. [PMID: 33459890 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to estimate the dental age (DA) using the London Atlas, Willems, and Nolla methods and to compare their accuracies. METHODS The DA was estimated using the aforementioned methods on panoramic radiograms of a total of 919 Eastern Turkish patients aged 6-14 years, of whom 459 were female and 460 were male. The overestimation and underestimation values were determined in relation to the chronological age (CA) values. The paired t test was used to compare the mean DA and CA values. Multiple regression analysis was used to derive gender-specific formulations for the three methods. RESULTS The most accurate method for estimating the DA was the Willems method (mean prediction error 0.80), followed by the London Atlas (mean prediction error 0.83) and Nolla (mean prediction error 0.89) methods. Statistically significant differences were found only between the Willems and Nolla methods. CONCLUSION All three methods can be used for DA estimations of Eastern Turkish children. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Willems was the most suitable method for this patient sample. However, the London Atlas method may be preferred due to its practicability and comparable accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaettin Koç
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65080, Van, Turkey.
| | - Esin Özlek
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Gül Öner Talmaç
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65080, Van, Turkey
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Khanagar SB, Vishwanathaiah S, Naik S, A Al-Kheraif A, Devang Divakar D, Sarode SC, Bhandi S, Patil S. Application and performance of artificial intelligence technology in forensic odontology - A systematic review. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2020; 48:101826. [PMID: 33341601 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2020.101826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Forensic odontology (FO) mainly deals with the identification of the individual through the remains, which mainly includes teeth and jawbones. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has proven to be a breakthrough in providing reliable information in decision making in forensic sciences. This systematic review aimed to report on the application and performance of AI technology in FO. The data was gathered through searching for the articles in the renowned search engines, which have been published between January 2000 - June 2020. QUADAS-2 was adopted for the risk of bias analysis of the included studies. AI technology has been widely applied in FO for identifying bite-marks, predicting mandibular morphology, gender determination, and age estimation. Most of these AI models are based on either artificial neural networks (ANNs) or convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The results of the studies are promising. Studies have reported that these models display accuracy and precision equivalent to that of the trained examiners. These models can be promising tools when identifying victims of mass disasters and as an additive aid in medico-legal situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev B Khanagar
- Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Satish Vishwanathaiah
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Divison of Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sachin Naik
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 1143, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Kheraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 1143, Saudi Arabia
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 1143, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dr. D.Y.Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shilpa Bhandi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Divison of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Ramos BC, Manzi FR, Vespasiano AI. Volumetric and linear evaluation of the sphenoidal sinus of a Brazilian population, in cone beam computed tomography. J Forensic Leg Med 2020; 77:102097. [PMID: 33310643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2020.102097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The determination of sex from skeletal remains has been widely used in biological profile reconstruction since these are some of the last structures to perish after death. The sphenoid sinus is located deeply in the skull and is enveloped by diverse structures within the sphenoid body. It is, therefore, less predisposed to injuries and/or pathological changes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of determining sex in a Brazilian population by means of linear and volumetric measurements of the sphenoid sinus, in addition to identifying and quantifying the presence of extensions of this sinus in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. In total 268 CBCT scans were analysed, from patients aged between 22 and 70 years old, of which 145 were female, and 123 were male. The images, representative of a Brazilian population, were selected by a dental radiologist from a CBCT image bank. The volumetric measurements were made by means of the segmentation software ITK-SNAP 3.0® and the linear inferio-superior, latero-lateral and anteroposterior measurements, as well as the presence of extensions of the sphenoidal sinus, were made using the CS Imaging Software®. The results of this study suggested that when comparing men and women, there were no statistical differences in the linear measurements and extensions of the sphenoidal sinus, although the values were considerable in the extensions for the pterygoid processes and greater wings of the sphenoid bone, particularly in women. However, there was a statistically significant difference when the sphenoidal sinus volume was compared, as it was larger for men (11.364 mm³ ± 4.229 mm³) than for women (10.000 mm³ ± 3.615 mm³). In summary, the sphenoidal sinus volumetric measurements in CBCT exams are useful for determining the sex of unknown individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Couto Ramos
- Departament of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Flávio Ricardo Manzi
- Departament of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Amaro Ilídio Vespasiano
- Departament of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Sengupta N, Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Gadbail AR, Gondivkar S, Patil S, Patil S. Analysis of 100 most cited articles on forensic odontology. Saudi Dent J 2020; 32:321-329. [PMID: 33132659 PMCID: PMC7588503 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bibliometric analysis of best-cited papers brings awareness about the influential publications and trends in the literature on a particular topic. This will help not only the researchers and academicians but also the students for selecting quality landmark articles. With this view in mind a bibliometric analysis was performed to identify the 100 top-cited papers on Forensic Odontology (FO) in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search was performed using Scopus database in August 2019. The articles were further reviewed and basic standard information related to bibliometric analysis was recorded. RESULTS The 100 most cited articles were published from 1985 to 2014 (77% published after 2001). The most frequently cited article received 259 citations, whereas the least received 31 (mean citations 58.78 ± 33.14). There were 16 different journals with Forensic Science International having the most number of articles (n = 36). One author had 16 articles while 8 authors had 4 or more articles published in the top 100 list. Belgium was the country with most number of articles (n = 17) followed by United States (n = 16). In terms of document type, 87 were original research, 7 conference papers and 6 reviews. Five organizations funded 5 of the top 100 articles. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium affiliated the most documents (n = 16). Majority of the papers were related to age estimation (46) followed by victim identification (30), mass disaster (9), bite mark analysis (8), sex determination (5), race determination (4), dental DNA analysis (3), palatal rugae pattern (2) and lip prints (1). CONCLUSION This is first of its kind citation analysis of the 100 most cited articles in the field of FO. The results of this paper will help the researchers, academicians and students for appropriate article referrals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Sengupta
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune 411018, India
| | - Sachin C. Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune 411018, India
| | - Gargi S. Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune 411018, India
| | - Amol R. Gadbail
- Department of Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shailesh Gondivkar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College & Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sneha Patil
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune 411018, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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