1
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Höhn A, Stokes J, Pollack R, Boyd J, Chueca Del Cerro C, Elsenbroich C, Heppenstall A, Hjelmskog A, Inyang E, Kopasker D, Sonthalia S, Thomson RM, Zia K, Katikireddi SV, Meier P. Systems science methods in public health: what can they contribute to our understanding of and response to the cost-of-living crisis? J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 77:610-616. [PMID: 37328262 PMCID: PMC10423532 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2023-220435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many complex public health evidence gaps cannot be fully resolved using only conventional public health methods. We aim to familiarise public health researchers with selected systems science methods that may contribute to a better understanding of complex phenomena and lead to more impactful interventions. As a case study, we choose the current cost-of-living crisis, which affects disposable income as a key structural determinant of health. METHODS We first outline the potential role of systems science methods for public health research more generally, then provide an overview of the complexity of the cost-of-living crisis as a specific case study. We propose how four systems science methods (soft systems, microsimulation, agent-based and system dynamics models) could be applied to provide more in-depth understanding. For each method, we illustrate its unique knowledge contributions, and set out one or more options for studies that could help inform policy and practice responses. RESULTS Due to its fundamental impact on the determinants of health, while limiting resources for population-level interventions, the cost-of-living crisis presents a complex public health challenge. When confronted with complexity, non-linearity, feedback loops and adaptation processes, systems methods allow a deeper understanding and forecasting of the interactions and spill-over effects common with real-world interventions and policies. CONCLUSIONS Systems science methods provide a rich methodological toolbox that complements our traditional public health methods. This toolbox may be particularly useful in early stages of the current cost-of-living crisis: for understanding the situation, developing solutions and sandboxing potential responses to improve population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Höhn
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jonathan Stokes
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Roxana Pollack
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jennifer Boyd
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Corinna Elsenbroich
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alison Heppenstall
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Annika Hjelmskog
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elizabeth Inyang
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel Kopasker
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shreya Sonthalia
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rachel M Thomson
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kashif Zia
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Petra Meier
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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2
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Park SH, Hong SH, Kim K, Lee SW, Yon DK, Jung SJ, Abdeen Z, Ghayda RA, Ahmed MLCB, Serouri AA, Al‐Herz W, Al‐Shamsi HO, Ali S, Ali K, Baatarkhuu O, Nielsen HB, Bernini‐Carri E, Bondarenko A, Cassell A, Cham A, Chua MLK, Dadabhai S, Darre T, Davtyan H, Dragioti E, East B, Edwards RJ, Ferioli M, Georgiev T, Ghandour LA, Harapan H, Hsueh P, Mallah SI, Ikram A, Inoue S, Jacob L, Janković SM, Jayarajah U, Jesenak M, Kakodkar P, Kapata N, Kebede Y, Khader Y, Kifle M, Koh D, Maleš VK, Kotfis K, Koyanagi A, Kretchy J, Lakoh S, Lee J, Lee JY, Mendonça MDLL, Ling L, Llibre‐Guerra J, Machida M, Makurumidze R, Memish ZA, Mendoza I, Moiseev S, Nadasdy T, Nahshon C, Ñamendys‐Silva SA, Yongsi BN, Nicolasora AD, Nugmanova Z, Oh H, Oksanen A, Owopetu O, Ozguler ZO, Parperis K, Perez GE, Pongpirul K, Rademaker M, Radojevic N, Roca A, Rodriguez‐Morales AJ, Roshi E, Saeed KMI, Sah R, Sakakushev B, Sallam DE, Sathian B, Schober P, Ali PSS, Simonović Z, Singhal T, Skhvitaridze N, Solmi M, Subbaram K, Tizaoui K, Tlhakanelo JT, Torales J, Torres‐Roman JS, Tsartsalis D, Tsolmon J, Vieira DN, Rosa SGV, Wanghi G, Wollina U, Xu R, Yang L, Zia K, Zildzic M, Il Shin J, Smith L. Nonpharmaceutical interventions reduce the incidence and mortality of COVID‐19: A study based on the survey from the International COVID‐19 Research Network (ICRN). J Med Virol 2023; 95. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1002/jmv.28354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe recently emerged novel coronavirus, “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2),” caused a highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). It has severely damaged the world's most developed countries and has turned into a major threat for low‐ and middle‐income countries. Since its emergence in late 2019, medical interventions have been substantial, and most countries relied on public health measures collectively known as nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). We aimed to centralize the accumulative knowledge of NPIs against COVID‐19 for each country under one worldwide consortium. International COVID‐19 Research Network collaborators developed a cross‐sectional online survey to assess the implications of NPIs and sanitary supply on the incidence and mortality of COVID‐19. The survey was conducted between January 1 and February 1, 2021, and participants from 92 countries/territories completed it. The association between NPIs, sanitation supplies, and incidence and mortality were examined by multivariate regression, with the log‐transformed value of population as an offset value. The majority of countries/territories applied several preventive strategies, including social distancing (100.0%), quarantine (100.0%), isolation (98.9%), and school closure (97.8%). Individual‐level preventive measures such as personal hygiene (100.0%) and wearing facial masks (94.6% at hospitals; 93.5% at mass transportation; 91.3% in mass gathering facilities) were also frequently applied. Quarantine at a designated place was negatively associated with incidence and mortality compared to home quarantine. Isolation at a designated place was also associated with reduced mortality compared to home isolation. Recommendations to use sanitizer for personal hygiene reduced incidence compared to the recommendation to use soap. Deprivation of masks was associated with increased incidence. Higher incidence and mortality were found in countries/territories with higher economic levels. Mask deprivation was pervasive regardless of economic level. NPIs against COVID‐19 such as using sanitizer, quarantine, and isolation can decrease the incidence and mortality of COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwi Hong
- Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanghyun Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health Yonsei University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jae Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health Yonsei University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ziad Abdeen
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine Al‐Quds University East Jerusalem Palestine
| | - Ramy Abou Ghayda
- Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Humaid O. Al‐Shamsi
- Burjeel Cancer Institute, Burjeel Medical City Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Sheeza Ali
- School of Medicine, The Maldives National University Male Maldives
| | - Kosar Ali
- University of Sulaimani College of Medicine Sulaymaniyah Iraq
| | - Oidov Baatarkhuu
- Department of Infectious Diseases Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences Ulaanbaatar Mongolia
| | - Henning Bay Nielsen
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Roskilde Denmark
- Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Enrico Bernini‐Carri
- European Centre for Disaster Medicine, Council of Europe (CEMEC) Strasbourg France
| | - Anastasiia Bondarenko
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology, Infectious and Rare Diseases International European University Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Ayun Cassell
- John F. Kennedy Medical Center, Edison New Jersey United States of America
| | - Akway Cham
- School of Medicine, University of Juba Juba South Sudan
| | - Melvin L. K. Chua
- Department of Head and Neck and Thoracic Cancers, Division of Radiation Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Oncology Academic Programme, Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
- Division of Medical Sciences National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Sufia Dadabhai
- Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland United States of America
| | - Tchin Darre
- Department of Pathology University of Lomé Lome Togo
| | - Hayk Davtyan
- Tuberculosis Research and Prevention Center Yerevan Armenia
| | - Elena Dragioti
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Barbora East
- 3rd Department of Surgery 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University, Motol University Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | | | - Martina Ferioli
- Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Tsvetoslav Georgiev
- First Department of Internal Medicine Medical University—Varna Varna Bulgaria
| | | | - Harapan Harapan
- Department of Microbiology Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia
| | - Po‐Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Saad I. Mallah
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland ‐ Bahrain Al Sayh Bahrain
| | - Aamer Ikram
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Shigeru Inoue
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Tokyo Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Dr. Antoni Pujadas Barcelona Spain
- Faculty of Medicine University of Versailles Saint‐Quentin‐en‐Yvelines, Montigny‐le‐Bretonneux France
| | | | - Umesh Jayarajah
- Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo Colombo Sri Lanka
| | - Milos Jesenak
- Department of Pediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin University Teaching Hospital in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava Bratislava Slovakia
| | | | - Nathan Kapata
- Zambia National Public Health Institute Lusaka Zambia
| | - Yohannes Kebede
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society Jimma University Jimma Ethiopia
| | - Yousef Khader
- Department of Public Health Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
| | - Meron Kifle
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom
| | - David Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore, Singapore Singapore
| | - Višnja Kokić Maleš
- Clinical Hospital Centre Split, University Department of Health Studies University of Split Croatia
| | - Katarzyna Kotfis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin Szczecin Poland
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, ICREA, CIBERSAM, ISCIII Barcelona Spain
| | - James‐Paul Kretchy
- Public Health Unit, School of Medicine and Health Sciences Central University Accra Ghana
| | - Sulaiman Lakoh
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences University of Sierra Leone Freetown Sierra Leone
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju‐si Gangwon‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Lee
- Department of Nephrology Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju‐si Gangwon‐do Republic of Korea
| | | | - Lowell Ling
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR China
| | | | - Masaki Machida
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Tokyo Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Richard Makurumidze
- Family Medicine, Global and Public Health Unit University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Harare Zimbabwe
| | - Ziad A. Memish
- Director Research and Innovation Center, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health & College of Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ivan Mendoza
- Tropical Cardiology Central University of Venezuela, Caracas Venezuela
| | - Sergey Moiseev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow Russia
| | | | - Chen Nahshon
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery & Oncology Carmel Medical Center Haifa Israel
| | - Silvio A. Ñamendys‐Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia Mexico City Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Hans Oh
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles California United States of America
| | - Atte Oksanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Oluwatomi Owopetu
- Department of Community Medicine University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria
| | - Zeynep Ozge Ozguler
- General Directorate of Public Health Ministry of Health of Turkey Adnan Saygun St, Çankaya Ankara Turkey
| | | | | | - Krit Pongpirul
- School of Global Health and Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Marius Rademaker
- Clinical Trials New Zealand, Waikato Hospital Campus Hamilton New Zealand
| | | | - Anna Roca
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara Gambia
| | - Alfonso J. Rodriguez‐Morales
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Americas ‐ Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas Pereira Colombia
- Master of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
- Gilbert and Rose‐Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University Beirut Lebanon
| | - Enver Roshi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Medicine of Tirana Albania
| | | | - Ranjit Sah
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine Kathmandu Nepal
| | - Boris Sakakushev
- RIMU/Research Institute of Medical University Plovdiv Bulgaria
- Chair of Propedeutics of Surgical Diseases
- University Hospital St. George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Dina E. Sallam
- Pediatrics and Pediatric Nephrology Department Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Brijesh Sathian
- Geriatrics and Long Term Care Department Rumailah Hospital Doha Qatar
| | - Patrick Schober
- Department of Anesthesiology Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands
| | | | | | - Tanu Singhal
- Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Research Institute Mumbai India
| | | | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry University of Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Department of Mental Health Ontario Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program University of Ottawa, Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany
| | - Kannan Subbaram
- School of Medicine, The Maldives National University Male Maldives
| | - Kalthoum Tizaoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Actives Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis University Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - John Thato Tlhakanelo
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health University of Botswana, Faculty of Medicine Gaborone Botswana
| | - Julio Torales
- National University of Asunción, School of Medical Sciences San Lorenzo Paraguay
| | | | | | - Jadamba Tsolmon
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences (MNUMS) Ulaanbaatar Mongolia
| | | | | | - Guy Wanghi
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Kinshasa Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Physiology Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology Städtisches Klinikum Dresden – Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden Germany
| | - Ren‐He Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences University of Macau Macau China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services School of Medicine, University of Calgary Calgary Canada
| | - Kashif Zia
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Muharem Zildzic
- Academy of Medical Science of Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health Performance and Wellbeing Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge United Kingdom
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3
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Park SH, Hong SH, Kim K, Lee SW, Yon DK, Jung SJ, Abdeen Z, Brahim Ahmed MLC, Serouri AA, Al‐Herz W, Subbaram K, Shaik Syed P, Ali S, ALI KOSAR, Al‐Shamsi HO, Baatarkhuu O, Nielsen HB, BERNINI‐CARRI E, Bondarenko A, Cassell A, Cham A, Chua MLK, Dadabhai S, Darre T, Davtyan H, Dragioti E, East B, Jeffrey Edwards R, Ferioli M, Georgiev T, Ghandour L, Harapan H, Hsueh P, Ikram A, Inoue S, Jacob L, Janković S, Jayarajah U, Jesenak M, Kakodkar P, Kapata N, Kebede Y, Khader Y, Kifle M, Koh D, Maleš VK, Kotfis K, Koyanagi A, Kretchy J, Lakoh S, Lee J, Lee JY, Mendonça MDLL, Ling L, Llibre‐Guerra J, Machida M, Makurumidze R, Mallah S, Memish ZA, MENDOZA IVAN, Moiseev S, Nadasdy T, Nahshon C, ÑAMENDYS‐SILVA SILVIOA, Yongsi BN, Nicolasora AD, Nugmanova Z, Oh H, Oksanen A, OWOPETU OLUWATOMI, Ozguler ZO, Perez GE, Pongpirul K, Rademaker M, Radojevic N, Roca A, Rodriguez‐Morales AJ, Viveiros Rosa SG, Roshi E, SAEED KMI, Sah R, Sakakushev B, Sallam DE, SATHIAN BRIJESH, Schober P, Simonović Z, Singhal T, Skhvitaridze N, Solmi M, Tizaoui K, TLHAKANELO JOHNTHATO, Torales J, Torres‐Roman S, Tsartsalis D, Tsolmon J, Vieira DN, Wanghi G, Wollina U, Xu R, Yang L, Zia K, Zildzic M, Il Shin J, Smith L. Nonpharmaceutical interventions reduce the incidence and mortality of COVID-19: A study based on the survey from the International COVID-19 Research Network (ICRN). J Med Virol 2022; 95:e28354. [PMID: 36447130 PMCID: PMC9878143 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The recently emerged novel coronavirus, "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)," caused a highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has severely damaged the world's most developed countries and has turned into a major threat for low- and middle-income countries. Since its emergence in late 2019, medical interventions have been substantial, and most countries relied on public health measures collectively known as nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). We aimed to centralize the accumulative knowledge of NPIs against COVID-19 for each country under one worldwide consortium. International COVID-19 Research Network collaborators developed a cross-sectional online survey to assess the implications of NPIs and sanitary supply on the incidence and mortality of COVID-19. The survey was conducted between January 1 and February 1, 2021, and participants from 92 countries/territories completed it. The association between NPIs, sanitation supplies, and incidence and mortality were examined by multivariate regression, with the log-transformed value of population as an offset value. The majority of countries/territories applied several preventive strategies, including social distancing (100.0%), quarantine (100.0%), isolation (98.9%), and school closure (97.8%). Individual-level preventive measures such as personal hygiene (100.0%) and wearing facial masks (94.6% at hospitals; 93.5% at mass transportation; 91.3% in mass gathering facilities) were also frequently applied. Quarantine at a designated place was negatively associated with incidence and mortality compared to home quarantine. Isolation at a designated place was also associated with reduced mortality compared to home isolation. Recommendations to use sanitizer for personal hygiene reduced incidence compared to the recommendation to use soap. Deprivation of masks was associated with increased incidence. Higher incidence and mortality were found in countries/territories with higher economic levels. Mask deprivation was pervasive regardless of economic level. NPIs against COVID-19 such as using sanitizer, quarantine, and isolation can decrease the incidence and mortality of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung Hwi Hong
- Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Kwanghyun Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea,Department of Public HealthYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Data Science, Sejong University College of Software ConvergenceSeoulSouth Korea,Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sun Jae Jung
- Department of Public HealthYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Ziad Abdeen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Augusta Victoria Hospital, Address: Al Tour, East Jerusalem
| | | | | | | | - Kannan Subbaram
- School of Medicine, The Maldives National University School of MedicineMaldives
| | - P. Shaik Syed
- School of Medicine, The Maldives National University School of MedicineMaldives
| | - Sheeza Ali
- School of Medicine, The Maldives National University School of MedicineMaldives
| | - KOSAR ALI
- University of Sulaimani college of medicine
| | - Humaid O. Al‐Shamsi
- Burjeel Cancer Institute, Burjeel Medical City, Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Oidov Baatarkhuu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences
| | - Henning Bay Nielsen
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Zealand University Hospital RoskildeRoskildeDenmark,Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of CopenhagenDenmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Melvin LK Chua
- National Cancer Centre Singapore,Duke‐NUS medical school
| | - Sufia Dadabhai
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; BlantyreMalawi
| | - Tchin Darre
- Department of Pathology, University of LoméTogo
| | | | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Barbora East
- 3rd, Department of Surgery, 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University, Motol University HospitalPrague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martina Ferioli
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Respiratory and Critical Care UnitBolognaItaly,Department of Clinical, Integrated and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum UniversityBolognaItaly
| | | | | | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research UnitUniversitas Syiah KualaBanda AcehIndonesia
| | - Po‐Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | | | - Shigeru Inoue
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de LlobregatBarcelona08830Spain,Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint‐Quentin‐en‐Yvelines78180Montigny‐le‐BretonneuxFrance
| | | | - Umesh Jayarajah
- Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of ColomboSri Lanka
| | - Milos Jesenak
- Department of Pediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in MartinComenius University in Bratislava, University Teaching Hospital in Martin
| | | | | | - Yohannes Kebede
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Jimma UniversityEthiopia
| | | | - Meron Kifle
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - David Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore
| | | | - Katarzyna Kotfis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University in SzczecinPoland
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Parc Sanitari San Joan de Deu, ICREA, CIBERSAM, ISCIII
| | - James‐Paul Kretchy
- Public Health Unit, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Central University, P. O. Box2305AccraGhana
| | - Sulaiman Lakoh
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Masaki Machida
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
| | - Richard Makurumidze
- University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Family Medicine, Global and Public Health Unit
| | - Saad Mallah
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland ‐Bahrain
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Director Research and Innovation Center, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of health
| | - IVAN MENDOZA
- Tropical Cardiology. Central University of Venezuela
| | | | | | - Chen Nahshon
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery & Oncology, Carmel Medical Center, HaifaIsrael
| | - SILVIO A. ÑAMENDYS‐SILVA
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran; Instituto Nacional de CancerologiaMexico CityMexico
| | | | - Amalea Dulcene Nicolasora
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Alabang, Muntinlupa CityPhilippines1781
| | | | - Hans Oh
- University of Southern California
| | - Atte Oksanen
- Faculty of social sciencesTampere UniversityFinland
| | - OLUWATOMI OWOPETU
- Department of Community Medicine, University College HospitalIbadanNigeria
| | | | | | | | - Marius Rademaker
- Marius Rademaker Waikato Clinical Campus, University of Auckland Medical SchoolHamiltonNew Zealand
| | | | - Anna Roca
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, The Gambia
| | - Alfonso J. Rodriguez‐Morales
- Grupo de Investigación BiomedicinaFaculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las AmericasPereiraColombia,Universidad Cientifica del SurLimaPeru
| | | | | | | | - Ranjit Sah
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine
| | - Boris Sakakushev
- RIMU/Research Institute of Medical University Plovdiv,Chair of Propedeutics of Surgical Diseases,University Hospital St George Plovdiv
| | - Dina Ebrahem Sallam
- Pediatrics & Pediatric Nephrology Department, Faculty of MedicineAin Shams UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - BRIJESH SATHIAN
- Geriatrics and long term care department, Rumailah HospitalDohaQatar
| | - Patrick Schober
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of AnesthesiologyAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Tanu Singhal
- Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute
| | | | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of OttawaOntarioCanada,Department of Mental HealthThe Ottawa HospitalOntarioCanada,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
| | - kalthoum Tizaoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Actives Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of TunisUniversity Tunis El Manar
| | | | - Julio Torales
- National University of Asunción, School of Medical SciencesParaguay
| | - Smith Torres‐Roman
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert WienerLima15108Peru
| | - Dimitrios Tsartsalis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Address: Leof Vasilissis Sofias 8011527AthensGreece
| | | | | | - Guy Wanghi
- University of Kinshasa Faculty of Medicine
| | - Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden – Academic Teaching HospitalDresdenGermany
| | - Ren‐He Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services; School of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | - Kashif Zia
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, U.K
| | | | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health Performance and WellbeingAnglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK, CB1 1PT
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4
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Park SH, Hong SH, Kim K, Lee SW, Yon DK, Jung SJ, Abdeen Z, Brahim Ahmed MLC, Serouri AA, Al‐Herz W, Subbaram K, Shaik Syed P, Ali S, ALI KOSAR, Al‐Shamsi HO, Baatarkhuu O, Nielsen HB, BERNINI‐CARRI E, Bondarenko A, Cassell A, Cham A, Chua MLK, Dadabhai S, Darre T, Davtyan H, Dragioti E, East B, Jeffrey Edwards R, Ferioli M, Georgiev T, Ghandour L, Harapan H, Hsueh P, Ikram A, Inoue S, Jacob L, Janković S, Jayarajah U, Jesenak M, Kakodkar P, Kapata N, Kebede Y, Khader Y, Kifle M, Koh D, Maleš VK, Kotfis K, Koyanagi A, Kretchy J, Lakoh S, Lee J, Lee JY, Mendonça MDLL, Ling L, Llibre‐Guerra J, Machida M, Makurumidze R, Mallah S, Memish ZA, MENDOZA IVAN, Moiseev S, Nadasdy T, Nahshon C, ÑAMENDYS‐SILVA SILVIOA, Yongsi BN, Nicolasora AD, Nugmanova Z, Oh H, Oksanen A, OWOPETU OLUWATOMI, Ozguler ZO, Perez GE, Pongpirul K, Rademaker M, Radojevic N, Roca A, Rodriguez‐Morales AJ, Viveiros Rosa SG, Roshi E, SAEED KMI, Sah R, Sakakushev B, Sallam DE, SATHIAN BRIJESH, Schober P, Simonović Z, Singhal T, Skhvitaridze N, Solmi M, Tizaoui K, TLHAKANELO JOHNTHATO, Torales J, Torres‐Roman S, Tsartsalis D, Tsolmon J, Vieira DN, Wanghi G, Wollina U, Xu R, Yang L, Zia K, Zildzic M, Il Shin J, Smith L. Non‐Pharmaceutical Interventions Reduce the Incidence, and Mortality of COVID‐19: A Study based on the Survey from the International COVID‐19 Research Network (ICRN). J Med Virol 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.28354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung Hwi Hong
- Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Kwanghyun Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of Public HealthYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Data Science, Sejong University College of Software ConvergenceSeoulSouth Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sun Jae Jung
- Department of Public HealthYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Ziad Abdeen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Augusta Victoria Hospital, Address: Al Tour, East Jerusalem
| | | | | | | | - Kannan Subbaram
- School of Medicine, The Maldives National University School of MedicineMaldives
| | - P. Shaik Syed
- School of Medicine, The Maldives National University School of MedicineMaldives
| | - Sheeza Ali
- School of Medicine, The Maldives National University School of MedicineMaldives
| | - KOSAR ALI
- University of Sulaimani college of medicine
| | - Humaid O. Al‐Shamsi
- Burjeel Cancer Institute, Burjeel Medical City, Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Oidov Baatarkhuu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences
| | - Henning Bay Nielsen
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Zealand University Hospital RoskildeRoskildeDenmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of CopenhagenDenmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sufia Dadabhai
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; BlantyreMalawi
| | - Tchin Darre
- Department of Pathology, University of LoméTogo
| | | | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Barbora East
- 3rd, Department of Surgery, 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University, Motol University HospitalPrague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martina Ferioli
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Respiratory and Critical Care UnitBolognaItaly
- Department of Clinical, Integrated and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum UniversityBolognaItaly
| | | | | | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research UnitUniversitas Syiah KualaBanda AcehIndonesia
| | - Po‐Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | | | - Shigeru Inoue
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de LlobregatBarcelona08830Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint‐Quentin‐en‐Yvelines78180Montigny‐le‐BretonneuxFrance
| | | | - Umesh Jayarajah
- Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of ColomboSri Lanka
| | - Milos Jesenak
- Department of Pediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in MartinComenius University in Bratislava, University Teaching Hospital in Martin
| | | | | | - Yohannes Kebede
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Jimma UniversityEthiopia
| | | | - Meron Kifle
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - David Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore
| | | | - Katarzyna Kotfis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University in SzczecinPoland
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Parc Sanitari San Joan de Deu, ICREA, CIBERSAM, ISCIII
| | - James‐Paul Kretchy
- Public Health Unit, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Central University, P. O. Box2305AccraGhana
| | - Sulaiman Lakoh
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Masaki Machida
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
| | - Richard Makurumidze
- University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Family Medicine, Global and Public Health Unit
| | - Saad Mallah
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland ‐Bahrain
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Director Research and Innovation Center, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of health
| | - IVAN MENDOZA
- Tropical Cardiology. Central University of Venezuela
| | | | | | - Chen Nahshon
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery & Oncology, Carmel Medical Center, HaifaIsrael
| | - SILVIO A. ÑAMENDYS‐SILVA
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran; Instituto Nacional de CancerologiaMexico CityMexico
| | | | - Amalea Dulcene Nicolasora
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Alabang, Muntinlupa CityPhilippines1781
| | | | - Hans Oh
- University of Southern California
| | - Atte Oksanen
- Faculty of social sciencesTampere UniversityFinland
| | - OLUWATOMI OWOPETU
- Department of Community Medicine, University College HospitalIbadanNigeria
| | | | | | | | - Marius Rademaker
- Marius Rademaker Waikato Clinical Campus, University of Auckland Medical SchoolHamiltonNew Zealand
| | | | - Anna Roca
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, The Gambia
| | - Alfonso J. Rodriguez‐Morales
- Grupo de Investigación BiomedicinaFaculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las AmericasPereiraColombia
- Universidad Cientifica del SurLimaPeru
| | | | | | | | - Ranjit Sah
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine
| | - Boris Sakakushev
- RIMU/Research Institute of Medical University Plovdiv
- Chair of Propedeutics of Surgical Diseases
- University Hospital St George Plovdiv
| | - Dina Ebrahem Sallam
- Pediatrics & Pediatric Nephrology Department, Faculty of MedicineAin Shams UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - BRIJESH SATHIAN
- Geriatrics and long term care department, Rumailah HospitalDohaQatar
| | - Patrick Schober
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of AnesthesiologyAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Tanu Singhal
- Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute
| | | | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of OttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of Mental HealthThe Ottawa HospitalOntarioCanada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
| | - kalthoum Tizaoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Actives Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of TunisUniversity Tunis El Manar
| | | | - Julio Torales
- National University of Asunción, School of Medical SciencesParaguay
| | - Smith Torres‐Roman
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert WienerLima15108Peru
| | - Dimitrios Tsartsalis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Address: Leof Vasilissis Sofias 8011527AthensGreece
| | | | | | - Guy Wanghi
- University of Kinshasa Faculty of Medicine
| | - Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden – Academic Teaching HospitalDresdenGermany
| | - Ren‐He Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services; School of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | - Kashif Zia
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, U.K
| | | | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health Performance and WellbeingAnglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK, CB1 1PT
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Farooq U, Rabbi I, Akbar S, Zia K, Rehman WU. The impact of design on improved learning in virtual worlds: an experimental study. Multimed Tools Appl 2022; 81:18033-18051. [PMID: 35282406 PMCID: PMC8903310 DOI: 10.1007/s11042-022-12593-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Virtual worlds are the most advanced form of virtual environments, which offer one of the best platforms for serving various domains. They are, especially, well suited for education, to cope with the physical restrictions imposed due to COVID-19 outbreak, as they offer classroom experience to their users through immersion. They are online interactive spaces which are collaborative, persistent, coherent, and social in nature. Users immersed in these spaces are represented in the form of digital characters called, avatars. Virtual worlds offer advanced navigation methods such as flying and teleporting to facilitate quick learning. This paper analyses the use of a partial but carefully reconstructed cultural heritage site, developed in OpenSimulator framework, for learning both in terms of discourse and quantitative analysis. Discourse analysis compares the developed virtual world presence with traditional content provisioning methods in terms of a large set of well-known characteristics. Quantitative analysis, on the other hand, is based on data collected from users after conducting simple learning experiments. It revealed that the properties such as realism, friendliness, advanced navigation, and being detailed and social in nature greatly attracted user attention in learning. The learning was fast compared with traditional methods, however, it was a little hard for naive users to start exploring the content. Pre and post learning responses of users revealed that their knowledge level was significantly increased. Based on valuable suggestions, it is planned in future, to add intelligence to traditional agents, so they may help in an increased learning experience of users, based on the knowledge gained in earlier sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Farooq
- University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Rabbi
- University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Pakistan
| | - Sajida Akbar
- University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Pakistan
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6
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Mushtaq M, Haq RU, Anwar W, Marshall L, Bazhenov M, Zia K, Alam H, Hertel L, Awan AA, Martinetz T. A computational study of suppression of sharp wave ripple complexes by controlling calcium and gap junctions in pyramidal cells. Bioengineered 2021; 12:2603-2615. [PMID: 34115572 PMCID: PMC8806748 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1936894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus plays a key role in memory formation and learning. According to the concept of active systems memory consolidation, transiently stored memory traces are transferred from the hippocampus into the neocortex for permanent storage. This phenomenon relies on hippocampal network oscillations, particularly sharp wave ripples [SPW-Rs). In this process prior saved data in the hippocampus may be reactivated. Recent investigations reveal that several neurotransmitters and neuromodulators including norepinephrine, acetylcholine, serotonin, etc., suppress SPW-Rs activity in rodents’ hippocampal slices. This suppression of SPW-Rs may depend on various presynaptic and postsynaptic parameters including decrease in calcium influx, hyperpolarization/depolarization and alteration in gap junctions’ function in pyramidal cells. In this study, we demonstrate the impact of calcium influx and gap junctions on pyramidal cells for the modulation of SPW-Rs in a computational model of CA1. We used,SPW-Rs model with some modifications. SPW-Rs are simulated with gradual reduction of calcium and with decreasing conductance through gap junctions in PCs. Both, with calcium reduction as well as with conductance reduction through gap junctions, SPW-Rs are suppressed. Both effects add up synergistically in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mushtaq
- Institute for Neuro- and Bioinformatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rizwan Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Anwar
- Department of Information Technologies, Comsats University, Lahore Campus, Pakistan
| | - Lisa Marshall
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maxim Bazhenov
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kashif Zia
- Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, Sohar University, Al Sohar, Oman
| | - Hina Alam
- Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Lars Hertel
- Institute for Neuro- and Bioinformatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Abdul Aleem Awan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Thomas Martinetz
- Institute for Neuro- and Bioinformatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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7
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Zia K, Farooq U, Shafi M, Ferscha A. On the effectiveness of multi-feature evacuation systems: an agent-based exploratory simulation study. PeerJ Comput Sci 2021; 7:e531. [PMID: 34084933 PMCID: PMC8157018 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Evacuation modeling and simulation are usually used to explore different possibilities for evacuation, however, it is a real challenge to integrate different categories of characteristics in unified modeling space. In this paper, we propose an agent-based model of an evacuating crowd so that a comparative analysis of a different sets of parameters categorized as individual, social and technological aspects, is made possible. In particular, we focus on the question of rationality vs. emotionalism of individuals in a localized social context. In addition to that, we propose and model the concept of extended social influence, thereby embedding technological influence within the social influence, and analyze its impact on the efficiency of evacuation. NetLogo is used for simulating different variations in environments, evacuation strategies, and agents demographics. Simulation results revealed that there is no substantial advantage of informational overload on people, as this might work only in those situations, where there are fewer chances of herding. In more serious situations, people should be left alone to decide. They, however, could be trained in drills, to avoid panicking in such situations and concentrate on making their decisions solely based on the dynamics of their surroundings. It was also learned that distant connectivity has no apparent advantage and can be ruled out while designing an evacuation strategy based on these recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Zia
- Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, Sohar University, Sohar, Oman
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafi
- Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, Sohar University, Sohar, Oman
| | - Alois Ferscha
- Institute of Pervasive Computing, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
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8
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Shafi M, Zia K. Urdu character recognition: a systematic literature review. IJAPR 2021. [DOI: 10.1504/ijapr.2021.10042503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Shafi M, Zia K. Urdu character recognition: a systematic literature review. IJAPR 2021. [DOI: 10.1504/ijapr.2021.118914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Shirazi Z, Zia K, Mangi AR, Minhaj S, Utradi V, Bughio H, Achakzai A, Karim M, Rabbi F, Chaudry PA. Common Predisposing Factors in Mortality of Patients After Undergoing Mitral Valve Surgery at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi. Cureus 2020; 12:e11964. [PMID: 33425540 PMCID: PMC7790306 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Isolated mitral valve replacement is a routinely performed procedure at our institute due to higher prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in every age category. Hardly any researches are available that dictate the predictors of surgical mortality in isolated mitral valve procedure. The aim of this study was to identify the most prevailing pre-operative factors in patients who had mortality after isolated mitral valve surgery. Methodology A retrospective observational study of two years was performed from January 2018 to December 2019 at the Adult Cardiac Surgery Department of a tertiary care cardiac center in Karachi, Pakistan. Patients of either gender of age ranging from 16 to 65 years who had mortality within 30 days after isolated mitral valve surgery were included in the study. Variables assessed from records were anemia, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification, prolonged symptoms, poor nutritional status, degree of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, valve pathology, pulmonary artery hypertension, and cardiac arrhythmias. Results We report our isolated mitral valve mortality rate of 5.5% (38/697) in the two-year duration. The most commonly encountered pre-operative factors were severe mitral regurgitation and pulmonary artery hypertension, which were observed in 32 (84.2%) and 23 (60.5%) patients, respectively. Other factors that were common to these patients were higher NYHA functional class (class III in 23 [60.5%] and class IV in 9 [23.7%]), prolonged duration of symptoms (20 [52.6%]), and right ventricular dysfunction (moderate in 21 [55.3%] and severe in 7 [18.4%]). Conclusions The outcome of our study suggests that severe mitral regurgitation, pulmonary artery hypertension, high NYHA functional class, LV dysfunction, and prolonged symptoms were the common predisposing factor in patients with peri-operative mortality after isolated MVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara Shirazi
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Kashif Zia
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Ali R Mangi
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Syed Minhaj
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Vikram Utradi
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Hafeezullah Bughio
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Asmatullah Achakzai
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Musa Karim
- Statistics, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Fazal Rabbi
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Pervaiz A Chaudry
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
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11
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Zia K, Mangi AR, Minhaj S, Tariq K, Rabbi F, Musharaf M, Awan MAB, Memon RA, Rathore AR, Chaudry PA. An Overview of First 100 Cardiac Surgery Cases at a Newly Developed Satellite Center in Sukkur, Pakistan. Cureus 2020; 12:e8490. [PMID: 32656008 PMCID: PMC7343295 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this research is to evaluate the in-hospital and early outcomes of the first 100 adult cardiac surgeries performed at a newly developed satellite center in Sukkur, Pakistan. Methods This is an audit of the first 100 adult cardiac surgeries performed at a newly developed satellite center of the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) at Sukkur, Pakistan, from March 2018 to November 2018 with 12 months of post-operative follow-up. Patients were offered off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB), on-pump coronary artery bypass (ONCAB), mitral valve replacement (MVR), aortic valve replacement (AVR), minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS), and congenital adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) procedures by expert faculty of NICVD with a minimum of five years of post-fellowship experience. Results The mean age was 47.11 ± 14.6 years, with a male predominance of 77%. Hypertension and smoking were the most common risk factors that were observed in 32% and 33%, respectively, followed by diabetes and dyslipidemia with a frequency of 20% and 9%, respectively. The mean EuroSCORE (European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation) II for this patient cohort was 1.165 ± 0.50, with a maximum score of 2.3 in one patient. Out of 100 procedures, 51 were ONCAB, 19 were OPCAB, 16 were MVR, three were AVR, nine were ACHD, and two were MICS. Survival status post-operative as well as after one year was 100%. The frequency of post-operative bleeding was 7%, mean post-operative mechanical ventilation time was 213 ± 273 hours, and in-hospital stay was 5.41 ± 0.165 days. Lost to follow-up at one year was 4% (four). During the follow-up assessment, 39.5% of the patients had complained of mild-to-moderate intensity retrosternal pain and 4.2% had superficial surgical site infection of the sternal wound. A significant improvement in functional class was observed in 38.5% of patients, whereas 4.2% (four) had a significant drop in functional class post-operatively. Conclusion Providing tertiary care and early cardiac surgical facility to the people of Sukkur at their doorstep, in a newly developed satellite center, has resulted in improved outcomes, early quality treatment facility, and avoidance of long travel time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Zia
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Ali R Mangi
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Syed Minhaj
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Khuzaima Tariq
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Fazal Rabbi
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Muhammad Musharaf
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Muhammad Asad Bilal Awan
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK.,Cardiac Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, Karachi, PAK
| | - Rizwan A Memon
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Asif R Rathore
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Pervaiz A Chaudry
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
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12
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Tariq K, Zia K, Mangi A, Amanullah M, Chaudry PA, Karim M. Conversion from Off to On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Is it Avoidable? Cureus 2020; 12:e6791. [PMID: 32140350 PMCID: PMC7046009 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the emergence of new technologies to stabilize the heart off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB), there is an increasing trend that is being observed throughout the world. In certain circumstances, OPCAB needs to be converted to on-pump CABG (ONCAB). In this study, we aim to identify certain risk factors mandating conversions and their associated short-term outcomes. Methods After approval from the institutional ethical review committee and exemption from informed consent, retrospective data of 100 patients meeting the inclusion criteria who underwent OPCAB operations at our institution from August 2018 to July 2019 were included. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables were recorded and compared in conversion and non-conversion groups. This study was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan. Results A total of 100 patients were included in this study, out of which 82% (82) were male, with age ranging between 18 and 77 years with a mean age of 56.34 ± 8.3 years. In nine of the cases, OPCAB was emergently converted to ONCAB due to arrhythmias. In nine (9%) cases, off-pump CABG was emergently converted to on-pump CABG (ONCAB). Emergent conversion was due to arrhythmias in five cases, due to hypotension during OM graft in two cases, and due to hypotension during ramus graft for the remaining two cases. The emergent conversion was significantly associated with higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification and comorbid conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Conclusion Emergency conversion from off-pump to OPCAB is the most catastrophic event causing higher morbidity and mortality. Conversion rate was observed to be 9% with arrhythmias being the common cause and patients with higher NYHA status and COPD at baseline were found to be at increased risk of emergency conversion. Considering our results in patients with diagnosed COPD and higher NYHA status, the decision for off-pump CABG should be wisely taken carefully weighing the risks and benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuzaima Tariq
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Kashif Zia
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Ali Mangi
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Muneer Amanullah
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Karachi, PAK
| | - Pervaiz A Chaudry
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Musa Karim
- Statistician, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
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Zia K, Mangi AR, Bughio H, Tariq K, Chaudry PA, Karim M. Initial Experience of Minimally Invasive Concomitant Aortic and Mitral Valve Replacement/Repair at a Tertiary Care Cardiac Centre of a Developing Country. Cureus 2019; 11:e5707. [PMID: 31720175 PMCID: PMC6823070 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Minimally invasive double valve replacement (DVR) surgery through a small transverse anterior thoracotomy is an alternate technique to sternotomy for concomitant aortic and mitral valve (AVR, MVR) surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in-hospital and early outcomes of direct vision minimal invasive double valve surgery (DVMI-DVR) at a tertiary care cardiac center of a developing country. Methods This study was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Karachi, Pakistan from January 2018 to September 2018. Nineteen consecutive patients undergoing DVMI-DVR for aortic and mitral disease without any prior cardiac surgery were included in this study. For all procedures, access was obtained through small transverse anterior thoracotomy incision with wedge resection (Chaudhry’s Wedge) of sternum opposite to the third and fourth costosternal joints. Patients were observed during their hospital stay and the following variables were observed the length of hospital stay (LOHS), ventilator support, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, pain score, and mortality. The pain score was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS). Results The male/female ratio was 11:8 with a mean age of 35 ± 12 years with mean EuroSCORE of 6.6 ± 3.5%. The mean total bypass time was 129.8 ± 23.83 min (range: 98-181 minutes). The mean mechanical ventilation time was 3.16 ± 1.12 hours (range: 2-6 hours). The mean intensive care unit (ICU) stay was 41.84 ± 8.36 hours. The mean post-operative LOHS was 5.63 ± 1.12 days (range: 4-8 days). We had zero frequency of wound infection and surgical mortality. The mean pain score was 4.32 (on a predefined pain scale of one to nine with a high value indicating severe pain). Conclusion Minimally invasive DVR surgery is a safe and reproducible technique with comparable outcomes such as postoperative pain score (4.32 ± 2.05), ventilation time (3.16 ± 1.12 hours), ICU stay (41.84 ± 8.36 hours), and hospital stay (5.63 ± 1.12 days). In terms of mortality, operative times, ICU stay, and hospital stay, the minimally invasive DVR is at least comparable to those achieved with median sternotomy. Further prospective randomized studies are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Zia
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Ali R Mangi
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Hafeezullah Bughio
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Karachi, PAK
| | - Khuzaima Tariq
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Pervaiz A Chaudry
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Musa Karim
- Miscellaneous, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
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Abstract
Introduction Postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) is the commonest of all the known cardiac arrhythmias after cardiac surgery. The postoperative AF has both short- and long-term adverse impacts on patients, like prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay, increased frequency of reoperations, myocardial infarction, increased use of inotropes, and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP). There is a paucity of data regarding the postoperative AF after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and its risk factors in our geographic location. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of postoperative atrial fibrillation among patients undergoing isolated CABG at a tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted on 163 consecutively selected patients undergoing first time isolated CABG at the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. Patients with redo-sternotomy, preoperative atrial fibrillation and with other cardiac pathology were excluded from the study. Postoperative AF was defined in the patients with postoperative 12-lead electrocardiographic (ECG) finding of absence of P waves, replaced by unorganized electrical activity and irregular R-R intervals. Data analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results A total of 163 patients were enrolled with the mean age of 58.66 ± 9.77 years ranging between 40 and 85 years with male predominance of 81% (132). The most common comorbidity was hypertension in about 68.1% (111), followed by diabetes mellitus in 54.6% (89) patients. Postoperative AF was observed in 42 (25.8%) patients. Most of the patients who developed postoperative AF, were overweight with mean body mass index (BMI) of 27.04 ± 4.85 kg/m2, 76.2% (32) had a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus was associated with 33.3% (14) patients with postoperative AF and 50.0% (21) of them were smokers. Distribution of coronary artery disease in patients with postoperative AF was observed as three vessels coronary artery disease (3VCAD) in 83.3% (35), two-vessel coronary artery disease (2VCAD) was present in 7.1% (three), and rest of 9.5% (four) patients had single-vessel coronary artery disease (SVCAD). Conclusion The frequency of postoperative atrial fibrillation in our study was found to be 25.9% which is comparable to world literature. An important finding that comes through this study is a younger population undergoing CABG, which raises the possibility of early manifestation of ischemic heart disease in our region. This, however, needs further investigation. We were unable to point out the factors predictive of postoperative AF; studies with larger sample size would help in that regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali R Mangi
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Karachi, PAK
| | - Kashif Zia
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Karachi, PAK
| | - Taimur A Ali
- Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Karachi, PAK
| | - Musa Karim
- Miscellaneous, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Karachi, PAK
| | - Saulat H Fatimi
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, PAK
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Abstract
Purpose
It has been witnessed that many incidents of crowd evacuation have resulted in catastrophic results, claiming lives of hundreds of people. Most of these incidents were a result of localized herding that eventually turned into global panic. Many crowd evacuation models have been proposed with different aspects of interests. The purpose of this paper is to attempt to bring together many of these aspects to study evacuation dynamics.
Design/methodology/approach
The proposed agent-based model, in a hypothetical physical environment, uses perception maps for routing decisions which are constructed from agents’ personal observations of the surroundings as well as information gathered through distant communication. Communication is governed by a trust model which measures the authenticity of the information being shared. Agents are of two types; emotional and rational. The trust model is combined with a game-theoretic model to resolve conflict of agents’ own type with that of types of agents in the neighborhood.
Findings
Evacuation dynamics in different environmental and exit strategies are evaluated on the basis of reduced herding and evacuation time. Using this integrated information sharing model, agents gain an overall view of the environment, sufficient to select the optimal path towards exits with respect to reduced herding and evacuation time.
Originality/value
The proposed model has been formulated and established using an agent-based simulation integrating important modeling aspects. The paper helps in understanding the interplay between technological and humanistic aspects in smart and pervasive environments.
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Abstract
AbstractValue sensitive design is driven by the motivation of making social and moral values central to the development of ICT systems. Among the most challenging concerns when imparting shared values like accountability, transparency, liberty, fairness and trust into information technology are reliable and comprehensive formal and computational models of those values. This paper, educated by trust theories and models from cognitive science, social sciences and artificial intelligence, proposes a novel stochastic computational model of trust, encapsulating abstractions of human cognitive capabilities and empirically evidenced social interaction patterns. Qualitative and quantitative features of trust are identified, upon which our formal model is phrased. Reality mining methods are used to validate the model based on a real life community dataset. We analyze the time-varying dynamics of the interaction and communication patterns of the community, consider varying types of relationships as well as their symmetry. Social network data analysis shows that our model better fits the evolved friendships compared to a well designed synthetic trust model, which is used as the baseline.
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Hamilton L, Zia K. Readability assessment of online patient directed material related to colonoscopy. Int J Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Scheibel I, Chen BL, Bentzon MW, Zia K. Human response to four tetanus vaccines with differing potency when assayed in animals. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 2009; 73:115-28. [PMID: 5668545 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1968.tb00485.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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