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Cook M, Smit K, Kuntsche E. All alcohol exposure counts - testing parental, older sibling, best friend and peer exposure on young adolescent drinking in a seven-wave longitudinal study. Addiction 2023; 118:276-283. [PMID: 36307920 PMCID: PMC10099608 DOI: 10.1111/add.16073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Role models around the adolescent, including parents, peers, best friends and older siblings, all act in ways to socialize the adolescent into alcohol use. This study aims to examine the effect of exposure to siblings' drinking alongside the more traditionally examined role models on alcohol use among adolescents. DESIGN A longitudinal study followed adolescents (45.6% male) who completed a questionnaire every 6 months over 3 years (seven in total). SETTING Netherlands PARTICIPANTS: This resulted in 5112 observations clustered in 765 participants aged between 10 and 16 years. MEASUREMENTS We examined three alcohol use measures: alcohol use in the last 6 months, in the last 4 weeks and binge drinking in the last 4 weeks-both cross-sectionally at each time-point and their change from one time-point to the next in a series of multi-level logistic regression models. FINDINGS Results revealed a non-significant difference in any of the exposure or alcohol use variables between those with or without older siblings. Higher exposure to sibling drinking was significantly associated with all alcohol use outcomes: use in the last 6 months, odds ratio (OR) = 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.25-1.91; last 4 weeks, OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.60-2.60; and binge drinking, OR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.82-3.05. When adding the other role models (i.e. peers, mothers, fathers and best friends), the significant association between siblings' exposure and adolescents' alcohol use remains. CONCLUSIONS It would appear that, after adjustment for the effect of role models, adolescents who are exposed to more sibling drinking are more likely to have drunk alcohol during the past 6 months and past 4 weeks and also to binge drink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Cook
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, NR1 Building, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Koen Smit
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, NR1 Building, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, NR1 Building, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Cook M, Smit K, Voogt C, Kuntsche S, Kuntsche E. Effects of exposure to mother's and father's alcohol use on young children's normative perceptions of alcohol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1687-1694. [PMID: 36112144 PMCID: PMC9826212 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While consumption of alcohol does not often begin until early adolescence, young children are highly capable of internalizing normative information through observational learning. We used a longitudinal multiple-informant family study to examine the impact of exposure to mothers' and fathers' drinking on young children's normative perceptions of who drinks alcohol. METHODS Three hundred twenty-nine children (4 to 6 years old at baseline [Mage 4.78 (SD = 0.725)], 51% girls) completed the Dutch electronic appropriate beverage task [eABT] where they attributed alcoholic beverages to a variety of persons depicted in an illustrated scenario. Their parents completed an online survey that included information on alcohol use and exposure. RESULTS Children more frequently exposed to their mothers' drinking provided females shown in the eABT illustrations with alcohol significantly more often than children less frequently exposed to mothers' drinking. There was no effect of mother's exposure on providing males in the eABT with alcoholic beverages. Similarly, children more frequently exposed to their fathers' drinking provided fathers with alcoholic beverages significantly more often than children less frequently exposed to their fathers' drinking. There was no effect of father's exposure on providing the females with alcoholic beverages, nor was there an effect of father's exposure on providing "other males" with alcohol. These patterns held after adjusting for age and sex. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that there are gender-specific effects of exposure to parents' (particularly mothers') drinking on young children's perceptions of person-specific drinking norms. The findings provide unique evidence in a young population group of effects on an understudied dimension of alcohol-related perceptions with implications for future drinking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Cook
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Koen Smit
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Carmen Voogt
- Trimbos InstituteNetherlands Institute of Mental Health and AddictionUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Sandra Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Emmanuel Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Frobel W, Grafe N, Meigen C, Vogel M, Hiemisch A, Kiess W, Poulain T. Substance use in childhood and adolescence and its associations with quality of life and behavioral strengths and difficulties. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:275. [PMID: 35144574 PMCID: PMC8831000 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use in childhood and adolescence continues to be a current health concern. The aims of the present study were to identify trends in the use of alcohol, cigarettes, and cannabis in children and adolescents in the last 10 years and to assess associations between substance use and quality of life and behavioral strengths and difficulties. METHODS Substance use was examined in 1829 9- to 18-year-old German children and adolescents participating in the LIFE Child cohort study between 2011 and 2020. Quality of life was investigated using the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire. The Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to assess behavioral strengths and difficulties. Associations were assessed using linear regression analyses. All effects were adjusted for age, gender, and family socio-economic status. RESULTS 38.44% of participants reported drinking alcohol at least sometimes. Smoking (6.23%) and the use of cannabis (3.94%) were less frequent. While we observed no significant changes in smoking between 2011 and 2021, the consumption of cannabis and the frequent consumption of alcohol has increased in this time period. Cigarette and cannabis use were associated with additional symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention and reduced prosocial behavior. For all three substances, usage was associated with more conduct problems. We also found significant associations between substance use and a lower quality of life in the areas of physical wellbeing, psychological wellbeing, parent relation and autonomy, and school environment. One noteworthy finding was that cigarette consumption and frequent alcohol use were associated with higher quality of life in terms of social support/peer group relations. Some significant interactions between substance use and child age indicated that associations between substance use and quality of life or behavioral difficulties were stronger in younger than in older children. CONCLUSIONS The results show that quality of life and behavioral difficulties are associated with substance use and should be considered when developing or implementing preventive measures to counter substance use. Furthermore, the findings indicate that substance use can be accompanied by improved peer relations. Therefore, the influence of peers, especially of peers who use these substances, should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Frobel
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Nico Grafe
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christof Meigen
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Vogel
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Hiemisch
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tanja Poulain
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Smit K, Zucker RA, Kuntsche E. Exposure to Parental Alcohol Use Is Associated with Adolescent Drinking Even When Accounting for Alcohol Exposure of Best Friend and Peers. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 57:483-489. [PMID: 34941997 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To further disentangle the role of exposure to drinking of role models (parents, peers, best friends) in the development of young adolescent alcohol use, the current study examined (a) whether parent's alcohol use exposure was associated with alcohol use outcomes among adolescents and (b) whether this association remained significant when including best friend and peer drinking exposure. METHODS A longitudinal study followed 765 adolescents from the Netherlands over 3 years. Adolescents (45.6% male, Mage = 11.78, standard deviation = 0.49 at baseline) completed questionnaires every 6 months, resulting in seven measurement waves. Adolescents reported their own alcohol use and exposure to parental, best friend and peers drinking. RESULTS Multilevel regression analyses indicated that parental alcohol use exposure was positively associated with a higher likelihood of adolescent alcohol use in the past 6 months, drinking in the last month and binge drinking in the last month. These associations remained significant when including exposure to peer and best friend's alcohol use, also when controlling for alcohol use at the previous timepoint (i.e. change in drinking). These associations were also consistent for boys and girls. CONCLUSIONS Throughout early adolescence, parental alcohol exposure matters for their offspring's alcohol use, independently of whether peers or their best friend expose them to alcohol or not. Parental alcohol exposure should be considered in prevention efforts to further decrease the number of adolescents that engage in early alcohol use and binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Smit
- Alcohol and Drugs Prevention, Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, P.O. Box 725, 3500 AS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, NR1 Building, Melbourne VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Robert A Zucker
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emmanuel Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, NR1 Building, Melbourne VIC 3086, Australia
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5
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Cook M, Kuntsche S, Pennay A. 'They're like little police': Australian parents' perceptions of their children's awareness of drinking during COVID-19. Drug Alcohol Rev 2021; 41:1284-1292. [PMID: 34752657 PMCID: PMC8653096 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As a result of COVID-19 and associated lockdown restrictions, children may have been exposed to more home-based alcohol consumption and parents' drinking practices. This paper explores Australian parents' perceptions of their children's awareness of drinking and their reflections on the impact of COVID-19 on children's exposure and acquisition of alcohol-related knowledge. METHODS In-depth interviews were undertaken with 30 parents and carers of children aged four to 12 years from across Australia. Participants described their family lives, the role of alcohol, any changes in alcohol and family dynamics experienced because of COVID-19 and their children's exposure and knowledge of alcohol before and during their experience of COVID-19. Using social learning theory as a guiding framework, transcripts were analysed to identify relevant themes. RESULTS Pre-COVID-19 children were commonly thought to be aware of behavioural changes owing to alcohol consumption, made associations between people, beverages and activities and recognised boundaries around consumption. COVID-19 was suggested to have impacted the environments in which children were exposed and the types of modelling and practices they were exposed to. It was more common for participants to describe COVID-19 affecting other children's learning and knowledge of alcohol, rather than their own. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Participants were mindful of children's knowledge and the role they played in modelling consumption practices prior to and during the COVID-19 lockdowns. There may be scope to use the insights provided here to support parents in modelling approaches and engaging with children about alcohol in ways that challenge or disrupt its prominence or acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Cook
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sandra Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Forestell CA, Dickter CL, Collier-Spruel L. Associations between pre-adolescents' cognitive responses to alcohol-related cues, maternal drinking, and direct exposure to alcohol. Alcohol 2021; 96:27-36. [PMID: 34237391 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated pre-adolescent children's (N = 140, Mage = 10.11 years, SD = 1.48, 59.5% girls) implicit evaluations of and explicit expectancies about alcohol-related cues as a function of their mothers' drinking behaviors and their exposure to alcohol. Children's implicit evaluative responses were measured using the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP), which consisted of trials that depicted pictures of either alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverages, half of which were presented alone (inactive) and half of which were presented with a human interacting with the beverage (active). In addition, children's explicit expectancies, whether they had ever tasted alcohol, and their mothers' alcohol dependency and escape drinking motivations were measured. Results indicated that overall children's implicit evaluations were less positive for alcohol- than for non-alcohol-related cues, and those whose mothers reported higher alcohol dependency evaluated inactive alcohol-related cues more negatively. Moreover, those who had previously tasted alcohol endorsed positive expectancies more than negative expectancies. These findings contribute to our understanding of the processes through which implicit associations are learned in the context of addiction. Understanding cognitive as well as other potential biological and environmental factors that may predict drinking behaviors in youth will aid in the development of more effective evidence-based strategies for the prevention of alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Forestell
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States.
| | - Cheryl L Dickter
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Lauren Collier-Spruel
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Burdzovic Andreas J, Ask Torvik F, Ystrom E, Skurtveit S, Handal M, Martinez P, Laslett AM, Lund IO. Parental risk constellations and future alcohol use disorder (AUD) in offspring: A combined HUNT survey and health registries study. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2021; 36:375-386. [PMID: 33734784 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the risk of developing a future alcohol use disorder (AUD) among offspring of families with different constellations of parental risk factors. METHOD We analyzed a sample of 8,774 offspring (50.2% male) from 6,696 two-parent families who participated in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study in Norway when offspring were 13-19 years old in 1995-1997 or 2006-2008. Based on population registry information and parental Nord-Trøndelag Health Study self-reports, families were classified via Latent Profile Analysis into fiver risk constellations reflecting parents' education, drinking quantities and frequencies, and mental health. Information about AUD-related diagnoses, treatments, and prescriptions for all offspring in the period between 2008 and 2016 was obtained from 3 national health registries and pooled to reflect any AUD. The likelihood of AUD in offspring was examined with a set of nested logistic regression models. RESULTS Registry records yielded 186 AUD cases (2.1%). Compared with the lowest-risk constellation, offspring from two constellations were more likely to present with AUD in unadjusted analyses. After adjusting for all covariates, including offspring's alcohol consumption and witnessing parental intoxication during adolescence, AUD risk remained elevated and statistically significant (adjusted odds ratio = 2.34, 95% confidence interval = 1.14, 4.85) for offspring from the constellation characterized by at least weekly binge drinking, low education, and poor mental health in both parents. CONCLUSION Weekly binge drinking by both parents was associated with future AUD risk among community offspring in Norway when clustered with additional parental risks such as poor mental health and low educational attainment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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8
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Trucco EM. A review of psychosocial factors linked to adolescent substance use. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 196:172969. [PMID: 32565241 PMCID: PMC7415605 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Informed by ecological theories and models of influence, this review discusses various psychosocial risk and protective factors that contribute to adolescent substance use behavior. Given typical patterns of substance use initiation during this developmental period, an emphasis is placed on alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use. FINDINGS Consistent with bioecological theories, peers and parents tend to have the strongest effect on adolescent substance use behavior. Influences can be both direct, such as offers and availability to use substances, as well as indirect influences, such as the perception of substance use approval. Schools and neighborhoods also contribute to adolescent substance use behavior, but this effect is often less direct. Moreover, the effect of neighborhoods on adolescent behavior reflects both structural components (e.g., neighborhood racial composition, teacher-student ratios) in addition to social process (e.g., neighborhood social cohesion, school connectedness). A review of parallel studies conducted with animals is also provided. SUMMARY Adolescent substance use behavior does not occur in a vacuum. Investigations must encompass the relevant social ecologies that affect adolescent behavior, including family, peer, school, and neighborhood contexts to provide a more complete understanding of substance use etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M Trucco
- Florida International University, Psychology Department, Center for Children and Families, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC-1, Miami, FL 33199, United States of America.
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Smit K, Voogt C, Otten R, Kleinjan M, Kuntsche E. Alcohol expectancies change in early to middle adolescence as a function of the exposure to parental alcohol use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 211:107938. [PMID: 32222262 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The subjective effects of alcohol, i.e., alcohol expectancies (AE), are important predictors of alcohol use. This three-year longitudinal study examined: 1) the development of enhancement, social, coping, and conformity AE from age 10-16; 2) the association between parental alcohol use exposure and positive AE among adolescents and between exposure and changes in AE over the six month period and 3) the moderating effect of gender on the association between exposure and change in AE. METHODS A longitudinal study followed adolescents between 10-13-years old at baseline (N = 755; 45.6 % boys) in six months intervals for three years, resulting in seven measurements. RESULTS Adolescents most strongly endorsed enhancement AE. Social and coping AE dimensions positively increased over time. The estimated Multilevel Model of Change revealed that exposure to either fathers 'or mothers' alcohol use predicted an increase in social AE six months later (B = .129, SE = .032). Exposure to fathers' drinking predicted an increase in enhancement AE for boys (B = .075, SE = .031) but not for girls (B=-0.045, SE = .030). No associations between parental exposure and other AE dimensions were found. CONCLUSION The results add to previous studies in showing that the association between parental drinking behavior and offspring AE develops within short periods. Prevention should, therefore, include explicit guidelines for parents with respect to how their drinking behavior affect their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Smit
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, NR1 building, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, P.O. Box 725, 3500 AS Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Carmen Voogt
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, P.O. Box 725, 3500 AS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roy Otten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Pluryn, Research & Development, P.O. Box 53, 6500 AB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; REACH Institute, Arizona State University, Phoenix, USA
| | - Marloes Kleinjan
- Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, P.O. Box 725, 3500 AS Utrecht, the Netherlands; Utrecht University, Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, Youth Studies, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, NR1 building, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Is Adolescents' Food Intake Associated with Exposure to the Food Intake of Their Mothers and Best Friends? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030786. [PMID: 32192005 PMCID: PMC7146583 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Both mothers’ and best friends’ food intake are associated with adolescents’ food intake, but they are rarely investigated simultaneously. In this study, we tested the associations of mothers’ and best friends’ food intake with adolescents’ intake of unhealthy and healthy food, obtained from home and from outside the home, and the moderating role of adolescents’ exposure to their food intake. Participants included 667 adolescents (53% female, Mage = 12.9) and 396 of their mothers. Within this adolescent sample, 378 best friend dyads were identified. All participants completed food frequency questionnaires. Mothers separately reported on their food intake in the presence and absence of their child, and adolescents indicated how often they ate and drank together with their best friend during school breaks. Mothers’, but not best friends’, food intake was positively related to adolescents’ intake of unhealthy and healthy food obtained from home and healthy food obtained from outside the home. Exposure to mothers’ healthy food intake magnified mother-child similarities in healthy food intake. Exposure to best friends’ intake of unhealthy food moderated adolescent-friend similarities in unhealthy food intake. Future work should assess the mechanisms that underlie these similarities, and should investigate these associations over time and in later developmental periods.
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Hermans RC, Smit K, van den Broek N, Evenhuis IJ, Veldhuis L. Adolescents' Food Purchasing Patterns in The School Food Environment: Examining the Role of Perceived Relationship Support and Maternal Monitoring. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030733. [PMID: 32168757 PMCID: PMC7146524 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The school food environment plays a role in adolescents’ dietary behaviors. In this study, adolescents’ food purchasing patterns in and around school and its potential relationship with perceived maternal relationship support and maternal monitoring were examined. Data were collected in The Netherlands in 2017. A total of 726 adolescents (45.8% boys; Mage = 13.78 ± 0.49) and 713 mothers (Mage = 45.05 ± 4.45) participated. Adolescents’ frequency of bringing and purchasing foods was assessed via a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Relationship support and monitoring were measured via self-report questionnaires. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was conducted to examine associations between adolescents’ food purchasing patterns, relationship support, and monitoring. Results indicated that adolescents brought food and drinks mostly from home, and infrequently purchased these products in and around school. Yet, differences exist between subgroups of adolescents. Relationship support was positively associated with bringing fruit, vegetables and salad and negatively associated with purchasing sweet snacks. No associations were found for monitoring. These findings indicate that family-home determinants of healthy and unhealthy eating are important factors to consider when examining the impact of the school food environment on adolescents’ food purchasing patterns. This has implications for policy makers who aim to develop and implement measures to improve adolescents’ eating in and around school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel C.J. Hermans
- The Netherlands Nutrition Centre, 2594 AC The Hague, The Netherlands; (I.J.E.); (L.V.)
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6299 AH Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-43-388-2415
| | - Koen Smit
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (K.S.); (N.v.d.B.)
- Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, 3500 AS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nina van den Broek
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (K.S.); (N.v.d.B.)
| | - Irma J. Evenhuis
- The Netherlands Nutrition Centre, 2594 AC The Hague, The Netherlands; (I.J.E.); (L.V.)
| | - Lydian Veldhuis
- The Netherlands Nutrition Centre, 2594 AC The Hague, The Netherlands; (I.J.E.); (L.V.)
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Bryant L, MacKintosh AM, Bauld L. An Exploration of the Impact of Non-Dependent Parental Drinking on Children. Alcohol Alcohol 2020; 55:121-127. [PMID: 31683312 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To examine the impact of non-dependent parental drinking on UK children aged 10-17. METHODS Cross-sectional survey of UK parents and their children in 2017 (administered to one parent in a household, then their child, totaling 997 adults and 997 children), providing linked data on parental drinking from parent and child perspectives. The survey included measures of parents' alcohol consumption and drinking motivations (both reported by parents) and children's exposure to their parent's drinking patterns and children's experiences of negative outcomes following their parent's drinking (both reported by children), plus sociodemographic measures. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis indicates a significant positive association between parental consumption level and children reporting experiencing negative outcomes. Witnessing a parent tipsy or drunk and having a parent who reported predominantly negative drinking motives were also associated with increased likelihood of children reporting experiencing negative outcomes. Age was also associated, with older children less likely to report experiencing negative outcomes following their parent's drinking. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest levels of and motivations for parental drinking, as well as exposure to a parent tipsy or drunk, all influence children's likelihood of experiencing negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Bryant
- Institute of Alcohol Studies, Alliance House, 12 Caxton Street, London SW1H 0QS, UK
| | - Anne Marie MacKintosh
- Institute for Social Marketing, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Linda Bauld
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Old Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
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Voogt C, Smit K, Kleinjan M, Otten R, Scheffers T, Kuntsche E. From Age 4 to 8, Children Become Increasingly Aware About Normative Situations for Adults to Consume Alcohol. Alcohol Alcohol 2020; 55:104-111. [PMID: 31825514 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Limited cross-sectional studies have indicated that young children have some knowledge of the type of situations in which adults usually consume alcohol. However, it is unclear when and how this knowledge develops over time. This study tests the hypothesis that between the ages of 4 and 8, children become more knowledgeable about common drinking situations (e.g. 'partying') and uncommon situations (e.g. 'driving'). METHODS Data of two independent samples were used: a cross-sectional study (parents) and a three-wave longitudinal study (children). Parents and children were recruited via a convenience and random sampling strategy, respectively. To identify common, ambivalent, and uncommon drinking situations, parents (N = 158; 47% men) completed an online survey in which they indicated how common it is that any adult would drink alcohol in the 18 situations of the Dutch electronic appropriate beverage (eABT). Children (N = 329; 48.9% boys) completed the Dutch eABT to assess their knowledge of situations in which adults usually consume alcohol. RESULTS General linear model repeated measures with post-hoc pairwise comparisons showed that parents' perceptions of common, ambivalent, and uncommon situations in which adults consume alcohol predicted the initial level and the change over time in children's knowledge of adults' alcohol use in these situations. CONCLUSIONS Children aged 4-8 become increasingly knowledgeable about drinking norms in specific situations which implies that they know in what kind of situation alcohol consumption is a common human behavior. This knowledge may put them at risk for early alcohol initiation and frequent drinking later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Voogt
- Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Department Youth and Risky Behaviour, room 0.18, Da Costakade 45, 3521 VS Utrecht, The Netherlands, P.O. Box 725, 3500 AS Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Behavioural Science Institute, Department Developmental Psychopathology, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Smit
- Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Department Youth and Risky Behaviour, room 0.18, Da Costakade 45, 3521 VS Utrecht, The Netherlands, P.O. Box 725, 3500 AS Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Behavioural Science Institute, Department Developmental Psychopathology, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Building HS2, Level 5, La Trobe University, Bundoora Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Marloes Kleinjan
- Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Department Youth and Risky Behaviour, room 0.18, Da Costakade 45, 3521 VS Utrecht, The Netherlands, P.O. Box 725, 3500 AS Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of General Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roy Otten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Department Developmental Psychopathology, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Pluryn, Department Research Development, Industrieweg 50, 6541 TW Nijmegen, The Netherlands, P.O. Box 53 6500 AB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Psychology Department, The REACH Institute, Arizona State University, North Building 900 S. McAllister Ave., Room 205, P.O. Box 876005, Tempe, AZ 85287-6005, USA
| | - Tessa Scheffers
- Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Department Youth and Risky Behaviour, room 0.18, Da Costakade 45, 3521 VS Utrecht, The Netherlands, P.O. Box 725, 3500 AS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Kuntsche
- Behavioural Science Institute, Department Developmental Psychopathology, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Building HS2, Level 5, La Trobe University, Bundoora Victoria 3086, Australia
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14
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Smit K, Voogt C, Otten R, Kleinjan M, Kuntsche E. Exposure to Parental Alcohol Use Rather Than Parental Drinking Shapes Offspring's Alcohol Expectancies. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1967-1977. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koen Smit
- Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University, Nijmegen Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Trimbos Institute Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Carmen Voogt
- Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University, Nijmegen Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Trimbos Institute Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Roy Otten
- Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University, Nijmegen Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Research & Development Pluryn Nijmegen The Netherlands
- REACH Institute Arizona State University Phoenix Arizona
| | - Marloes Kleinjan
- Trimbos Institute Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of General Social Sciences Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Kuntsche
- Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University, Nijmegen Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research La Trobe University Melbourne VIC Australia
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15
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Singkorn O, Apidechkul T, Putsa B, Detpetukyon S, Sunsern R, Thutsanti P, Tamornpark R, Upala P, Inta C. Factor associated with alcohol use among Lahu and Akha hill tribe youths, northern Thailand. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2019; 14:5. [PMID: 30678692 PMCID: PMC6346547 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-019-0193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use impacts several dimensions, including physical health, mental health, families, and social interactions. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and to determine the factors associated with alcohol use among Akha and Lahu hill tribe youths in Chiang Rai, Thailand. METHODS An analytic cross-sectional design was applied to obtain key data on these associations. The study sample was Akha and Lahu hill tribe youths aged 15-24 years who lived in 30 selected hill tribe villages. A questionnaire was developed from an in-depth interview and group discussion and tested for validation and reliability before use. Descriptive statistics were used to demonstrate the general characteristics, and Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to detect associations between variables at α=0.05. RESULTS A total of 737 subjects were recruited into the study, of whom 50.0% were Lahu. The average age was 17.9 years, 80.7% were single, 71.1% were Christian, 65.9% graduated secondary school, and 65.7% had their major source of income from their parents. Overall, 17.3% smoked and 45.0% drank alcohol. Among the drinkers, 79.8% drank beer, 61.5% started drinking at an age of 15-19 years, 86.8% had drank for < 5 years, 42.5% were persuaded to drink by their peers, 20.2% suffered an accident after alcohol use, and 17.2% had experienced unsafe sex after drinking alcohol. In the multiple logistic regression, six variables were associated with alcohol use among the Akha and Lahu youths. Males had greater odds of alcohol use than females (ORadj = 3.50, 95% CI = 2.24-5.47). Buddhists had greater odds of alcohol use than Christians (ORadj = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.17-3.04). Participants who were unemployed, employed, and in other categories of occupation had greater odds of alcohol use than those who were students (ORadj = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.23-3.92; ORadj = 6.89, 95% CI = 3.38-13.89; and ORadj = 2.96, 95% CI = 1.01-8.59, respectively). Participants whose fathers were daily wage workers had greater odds of alcohol use (ORadj = 2.89; 95% CI = 1.23-6.79) than those whose parents worked in agriculture, and those whose fathers used alcohol had greater odds of alcohol use than those whose fathers did not use alcohol (ORadj = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.40-3.35). Finally, those who had 6-10 and ≥ 11 close friends living in the same village who used alcohol had greater odds of alcohol use (ORadj = 8.51, 95% CI = 3.10-23.3; and ORadj = 3.84, 95% CI = 1.15-12.77, respectively). CONCLUSION To reduce the initiation of alcohol use among Akha and Lahu youths, public health intervention programs should focus on males who are not attending school and should be implemented for both their family members and peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onnalin Singkorn
- School of Nursing, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for the Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Laung University, Chiang Rai, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand
| | - Tawatchai Apidechkul
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence for the Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Laung University, Chiang Rai, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand.
| | - Bukhari Putsa
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | | | - Rachanee Sunsern
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Phitnaree Thutsanti
- Center of Excellence for the Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Laung University, Chiang Rai, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand
| | - Ratipark Tamornpark
- Center of Excellence for the Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Laung University, Chiang Rai, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand
| | - Panupong Upala
- Center of Excellence for the Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Laung University, Chiang Rai, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand
| | - Chadaporn Inta
- Center of Excellence for the Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Laung University, Chiang Rai, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand
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