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Jabłońska K, Mirucka B. Mental body representations of women with tattoos in emerging adulthood - a cluster analysis. Arch Womens Ment Health 2023:10.1007/s00737-023-01326-z. [PMID: 37261495 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tattoo is a permanent body modification relevant to women's bodily experiences. Previous studies on the population of tattooers have focused mainly on searching for negative or positive aspects of tattooing, mainly in the field of self-esteem. The aim of this study was to explore the mental body representations of tattooed women during emerging adulthood. Three hundred and twenty-seven women with tattoos, aged 18 to 25 (M = 21.48; SD = 2.05), participated in the study. In the study, we adopted a quantitative research project; the data for analysis was obtained from questionnaires that were completed online between January and March 2021. Women with tattoos completed a survey containing demographic questions, questions regarding their tattoos, the Battery of Tests of Body Self Representations, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Based on that a cluster analysis, we have discovered three types of mental body representations that may characterize them: (1) unstable, (2) disordered, and (3) integrated. The study showed that having a tattoo is associated with experiencing carnality in a specific way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jabłońska
- Department of Psychotherapy and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 14, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Beata Mirucka
- Department of Psychotherapy and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 14, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
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Richards G, Newman M, Butler A, Lechler-Lombardi J, Osu T, Krzych-Miłkowska K, Galbarczyk A. Birth order, personality, and tattoos: A pre-registered empirical test of the ‘born to rebel’ hypothesis. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.112043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Salama F, Piatkowski A, AlMaflehi N, Sufyan A. Perception and Knowledge of Oral and Facial Piercings among Dental Students: Web-based Survey. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:42-47. [PMID: 37189011 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this web-based questionnaire was to survey dental students to obtain their perception and knowledge of oral and facial piercings. MATERIALS AND METHODS The participants comprised 240 students enrolled in the dental school who were asked to complete 20 close-ended, yes/no, yes/no/do not know, and multiple responses questions. The questionnaire covers general information concerning oral/facial piercing, triggers why youths and early adults get it, probable complications, their appreciation of the possibility of related health conditions, and their knowledge and perception. The survey was distributed to the students by email. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed. RESULTS Dental first year (D1) and dental second year (D2) were substantially more likely to indicate that orofacial piercings as unacceptable and are less expected to have an orofacial piercing compared to D3 and D4 (p < 0.01). About 16.8% of the students reported previous orofacial piercings. There was a definite correlation between previous orofacial piercings and thinking that is appropriate in society (p < 0.05). Males were significantly more likely to have an orofacial piercing (p < 0.01). The Internet was reported as the most common source of information. The most popular cause for piercings is to be unique and different. CONCLUSIONS Orofacial piercings are relatively frequently used by students in dental school and few students intend on getting one in the future. Knowledge of the hazards of orofacial piercing correlated with the requirement for parental approval. The majority of students think piercings are appropriate in society and know their complications and risks. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Orofacial piercing has been gaining popularity but its risks/complications may not be known by practitioners. There is a need for research to assist dental/medical practitioners in advising, educating, and safeguarding patients by evaluating of the perception and knowledge of students about orofacial piercings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Salama
- Professor and SCU Director, Pediatric Dentistry, A.T. Still University Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral Health St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America, Phone: 3146853563, e-mail:
| | - Alice Piatkowski
- Senior Dental Student, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry Dental Clinic, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Nassr AlMaflehi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aref Sufyan
- Research, Dental Biomaterials Research and Development Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Atli A, Akkaya M, Şad SN. Tattooing: A popular way of self-expression among university students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Osu T, Lechler-Lombardi J, Butler A, Newman M, Miłkowska K, Galbarczyk A, Richards G. Fluctuating asymmetry of finger lengths, digit ratio (2D:4D), and tattoos: A pre-registered replication and extension of Koziel et al. (2010). Early Hum Dev 2021; 152:105273. [PMID: 33227633 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tattoos bring risks yet no obvious evolutionary benefit. Koziel et al. (2010) reported increased fluctuating symmetry (a proxy for low developmental instability) in tattooed men, suggesting they could serve as fitness indicators. AIMS We replicate and extend the findings of Koziel et al. by examining fluctuating asymmetry of finger lengths and digit ratio (2D:4D) (a putative indicator of prenatal testosterone exposure) as predictors of adult tattoo prevalence. STUDY DESIGN We used an online survey with a correlational design. SUBJECTS Participants were recruited from the UK and Poland via university participant pools and social media. Data were available for presence/absence of tattoos and at least one predictor variable (composite Fluctuating Asymmetry [cFA], right-hand digit ratio [R2D:4D] and left-hand digit ratio [L2D:4D]) for n = 186 males and n = 997 females. OUTCOME MEASURES We firstly assessed presence/absence of tattoos; when at least one tattoo was present, we also examined overall number and highest visibility. RESULTS Greater cFA was associated with lower likelihood of having tattoos in males, though in females greater cFA was associated with higher numbers of tattoos. R2D:4D and L2D:4D correlated negatively with number of tattoos in males, and a positive correlation between L2D:4D and number of tattoos was observed in females. However, these latter findings did not remain significant after controlling for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Tattoos may act as fitness indicators in males, though this explanation appears not to extend to females. Prenatal testosterone may also play a role, though doubt is cast on this premise because 2D:4D effects did not remain statistically significant after controlling for covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinisha Osu
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | | | - Amy Butler
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Miles Newman
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Karolina Miłkowska
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Science, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Poland
| | - Andrzej Galbarczyk
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Science, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Poland
| | - Gareth Richards
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK.
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Pirrone C, Castellano S, Platania GA, Ruggieri S, Caponnetto P. Comparing the emerging psychological meaning of tattoos in drug-addicted and not drug-addicted adults: A look inside health risks. Health Psychol Res 2020; 8:9268. [PMID: 33123650 PMCID: PMC7588846 DOI: 10.4081/hpr.2020.9268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tattoos have been historically characteristic of criminals and drug addicts therefore carrying negative associations, it is now an accepted and appreciated form of body modification. Tattoos could be considered as a projective psychological test, most people use their body as blackboard to represent the most varied meanings related to the way they perceive themselves. It is also true that tattoos can assume the role of diagnostic indicators for a possible abuse of psychoactive substances, as well as their aggregating and communicative functions within the group of drug addicts. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the relation among personality traits, self-efficacy, locus of control and motivations for tattooing. The sample consisted of 150 subjects, 50 tattooed adults, 50 tattooed drug addicted adults, and 50 non-tattooed adults. Data were collected by using the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ), the Perceived Self- efficacy Test, the Mini Locus of Control scale and a Tattoos Inventory. Results of the present study contribute to a deeper understanding of the new meaning of tattoos, they no longer represent personality traits, they rather have the function of reinforcing beliefs about how to perceive oneself, this happens especially in drug addicts in which the presence of tattoos reinforces the illusory belief of self-esteem and internal locus of control. Given the rising presence of tattoos today, this could be useful to get a better understanding of the existential unease of certain populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Pirrone
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Catania
| | | | | | - Stefano Ruggieri
- Department of Human and Society Sciences, Kore University, Enna, Italy
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Schlösser A, Giacomozzi AI, Camargo BV, Silva EZPD, Xavier M. Tattooed and Non-Tattooed Women: Motivation, Social Practices and Risk Behavior. PSICO-USF 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712020250105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study aimed at identifying motivations, risk behavior and social practices, comparing tattooed and non-tattooed women. 316 women (50% tattooed) were surveyed online, answering questions on sociodemographic data, social practices, motivations, and risk behavior. Data collection strategies included snow-balling, social networks, personal contact, and visits to tattoo parlors. The main results indicate that the majority of women express satisfaction with their physical appearance after getting tattooed, and wouldn’t get the tattoo removed. Being tattooed correlated with risk behaviors such as casual sex with unknown people, alcohol and drug use, and psychopathology. The sample presented more similarities than differences between tattooed and non-tattooed groups, suggesting that growing popularization and social acceptance of tattooing has led to a decrease of the differences between the groups. Such results may inform future research and the production of informative materials aimed at demystifying negative stereotypes associated to tattoos.
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Inkskinned: Gender and Personality Aspects Affecting Heavy Tattooing—A Moderation Model. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10804-019-09342-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Solís-Bravo MA, Flores-Rodríguez Y, Tapia-Guillen LG, Gatica-Hernández A, Guzmán-Reséndiz M, Salinas-Torres LA, Vargas-Rizo TL, Albores-Gallo L. Are Tattoos an Indicator of Severity of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Behavior in Adolescents? Psychiatry Investig 2019; 16:504-512. [PMID: 31352732 PMCID: PMC6664213 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.03.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury behavior and tattoos [NSSI (T+)] with another group with non-suicidal self-injury behavior without tattoos [NSSI (T-)]. METHODS Adolescents (n=438) 42.6% males from the community (M=12.3, SD=1.3), completed the Self-Injury Schedule. RESULTS The lifetime prevalence of tattoos performed with the purpose to feel pain was 1.8%. Compared to the NSSI (T-) group, the NSSI (T+) group was significantly more likely to meet the DSM-5 frequency criteria of 5 self-injury events in 1 year, practice more than one method of self-injury, and topography, more suicidal intentionality, more negative thoughts and affective emotions before, during, and after self-injury and more academic and social dysfunction. CONCLUSION Adolescents from the community who practice tattooing to feel pain, show a distinct phenotype of NSSI. Health professionals and pediatricians should assess tattooing characteristics such as intention (to feel pain), frequency, and presence of non-suicidal self-injury behavior and suicide intentionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Solís-Bravo
- Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil “Dr. Juan N. Navarro”, Mexico City, Mexico
- Clinical and Community Epidemiology in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yassel Flores-Rodríguez
- Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil “Dr. Juan N. Navarro”, Mexico City, Mexico
- Hospital Psiquiátrico “Dr. Samuel Ramírez Moreno”, Mexico State, Mexico
| | - Liliana Guadalupe Tapia-Guillen
- Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil “Dr. Juan N. Navarro”, Mexico City, Mexico
- Clinical and Community Epidemiology in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aymara Gatica-Hernández
- Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil “Dr. Juan N. Navarro”, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Dr. Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miriam Guzmán-Reséndiz
- Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil “Dr. Juan N. Navarro”, Mexico City, Mexico
- Hospital General “Dr. Ruben Leñero”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Alberto Salinas-Torres
- Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil “Dr. Juan N. Navarro”, Mexico City, Mexico
- CECOSAM Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Lilia Albores-Gallo
- Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil “Dr. Juan N. Navarro”, Mexico City, Mexico
- Clinical and Community Epidemiology in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Kertzman S, Kagan A, Hegedish O, Lapidus R, Weizman A. Do young women with tattoos have lower self-esteem and body image than their peers without tattoos? A non-verbal repertory grid technique approach. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0206411. [PMID: 30682018 PMCID: PMC6347139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Available evidence regarding the reasons for people to acquire body markers such as tattoos is contradictory. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and body image in young women with tattoos. To this end, the repertory grid technique (RGT) was adapted and used to assess differences between women with and without tattoos in terms of self-esteem and body image. Sixty young women with tattoos and sixty young women without (all aged 18-35 years), performed the Color RGT in order to evaluate the relationship between self-esteem and body image. Compared to women without tattoos, women with tattoos showed significantly lower self-esteem and displayed stronger relationships between three constructs: ideal body, ideal self and tattooed woman status. No significant differences in body image were detected between the two groups. Women with tattoos were characterized by an association between body image and self-esteem, while women without tattoos did not display such a correlation. Thus, it appears that links between self-esteem, ideal body, ideal self and constructs of "woman with tattoos" may play a role in tattooing behavior in young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semion Kertzman
- Beer-Ya’akov-Ness Ziona Mental Health Center, Forensic Psychiatry Division, Ness Ziona, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Alex Kagan
- The Program for Hermeneutics and Cultural Studies, Interdisciplinary Studies Unit, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Neuro-Pathopsychology, L.S. Vygotsky Institute of Psychology, RSUH, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Criminology, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Omer Hegedish
- Beer-Ya’akov-Ness Ziona Mental Health Center, Forensic Psychiatry Division, Ness Ziona, Israel
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rina Lapidus
- Comparative Literature Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Research Unit, Geha Mental Health Center and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
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Tattoos yesterday and today in the Polish population in the decade 2004–2014. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2018. [DOI: 10.5114/hpr.2019.77175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe fashion for tattooing the body is becoming increasingly widespread. It seems that both the structure and role of factors motivating individuals to obtain tattoos have changed in recent years. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that factors encouraging tattooing and the meaning of tattoos have evolved, leading to some significant recent changes.Participants and procedureThe participants were individuals of Polish ethnicity aged 16-67 years, having at least one tattoo. The first survey, conducted in 2004, encompassed 100 subjects, while the second one, in 2014, involved 200 subjects. Both groups of respondents answered questions about the functions of tattoos and the factors motivating them to obtain a tattoo, as well as expressing their opinions about individuals with body art.ResultsIn the studied decade we found a rise in the number of tattooed women, with tattoos being primarily perceived as an art form and a way to express one’s personality, aid self-enhancement, and improve one’s sexual attractiveness. Currently, tattooing more seldom serves as a provocation, self-identification, a mark of subculture affiliation, or a way to enhance self-esteem.ConclusionsThe functions of tattooing have been rapidly changing. The use among women causes that the perception of tattooing is changing and becoming less aggressive. The mass media insistently promote the fashion for tattoos, which is why this form of body art is becoming more and more popular.
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Need for improved public health protection of young people wanting body piercing: evidence from a look-back exercise at a piercing and tattooing premises with poor hygiene practices, Wales (UK) 2015. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 146:1177-1183. [PMID: 29708089 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268818001024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a cluster of serious pseudomonas skin infections linked to a body piercing and tattooing premises, a look-back exercise was carried out to offer clients a screen for blood-borne viruses. Of those attending for screening 72% (581/809) had a piercing procedure in the premises of interest: 94 (16%) were under 16 years of age at the time of screening. The most common site of piercing was ear (34%), followed by nose (27%), nipple (21%) and navel (21%). A small number (<5) tested positive for hepatitis B and C, with no evidence this was linked to the premises. However, 36% (211/581) of clients reported a skin infection associated with their piercing. Using data from client forms, 36% provided a false age. Those aged under 16 years (OR 4.5, 95% CI 2.7-7.7) and those receiving a piercing at an intimate site (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.6) were more likely to provide a false age. The findings from this exercise were used to support the drafting of the Public Health (Wales) Bill which proposed better regulation of piercing premises and the need to provide proof of being 18 years of age or over before having a piercing of an intimate site.
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Greene W, Harris MN, Srivastava P, Zhao X. Misreporting and econometric modelling of zeros in survey data on social bads: An application to cannabis consumption. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2018; 27:372-389. [PMID: 28776865 PMCID: PMC5901017 DOI: 10.1002/hec.3553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
When modelling "social bads," such as illegal drug consumption, researchers are often faced with a dependent variable characterised by a large number of zero observations. Building on the recent literature on hurdle and double-hurdle models, we propose a double-inflated modelling framework, where the zero observations are allowed to come from the following: nonparticipants; participant misreporters (who have larger loss functions associated with a truthful response); and infrequent consumers. Due to our empirical application, the model is derived for the case of an ordered discrete-dependent variable. However, it is similarly possible to augment other such zero-inflated models (e.g., zero-inflated count models, and double-hurdle models for continuous variables). The model is then applied to a consumer choice problem of cannabis consumption. We estimate that 17% of the reported zeros in the cannabis survey are from individuals who misreport their participation, 11% from infrequent users, and only 72% from true nonparticipants.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Greene
- Stern School of BusinessNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | - Preety Srivastava
- School of Economics, Finance and MarketingRoyal Melbourne Institute of TechnologyMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Xueyan Zhao
- Department of Econometrics and Business StatisticsMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
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Hong BK, Lee HY. Self-esteem, propensity for sensation seeking, and risk behaviour among adults with tattoos and piercings. J Public Health Res 2017; 6:1107. [PMID: 29291195 PMCID: PMC5736998 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2017.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In recent years, increasing numbers of adults and adolescents have opted to undergo tattoo and piercing procedures. Studies among adolescents with tattoo and piercing have usually explored the relationship between one factor and the decision to have tattoos and/or piercings. The aim of this study was to determine relationships between body cosmetic procedures and selfesteem, propensity for sensation seeking, and risk behaviours among adults. Materials and Methods: The subjects were divided into two groups, i.e., those with (n=429) and those without tattoos/piercings (n=237), and self-esteem, propensity for sensation seeking, and risk behaviour were compared between the two groups using self-report questionnaires. To analyse differences in self-esteem and the propensity for sensation seeking, general characteristics were statistically adjusted. In addition, general characteristics, self-esteem, and propensity for sensation seeking were statistically adjusted to determine differences in the propensity for risk behaviour between the two groups. Results: Significant differences were observed in age, marital status, income level, occupation, values or sensitivity to fashion, and educational level between the group with and that without tattoos/ piercings. There was no significant difference in self-esteem, whereas there were significant differences in the propensity for sensation seeking and risk behaviour between the two groups. Conclusions: Continuous attention to, and interest in, the increased incidence of tattooing and piercing are necessary, especially in terms of public interventions for health education and health promotion, as these forms of self-adornment are associated with behaviours that pose a risk to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Kyung Hong
- Department of Beauty, Kyungil University; Department of Health Administration, Dongseo University, South Korea
| | - Hyo Young Lee
- Department of Beauty, Kyungil University; Department of Health Administration, Dongseo University, South Korea
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Vanarase M, Gautam RK, Arora P, Bajaj S, Meena N, Khurana A. Comparison of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser alone versus its combination with ultrapulse CO2 laser for the treatment of black tattoo. J COSMET LASER THER 2017; 19:259-265. [DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2017.1314506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mithila Vanarase
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ram Krishan Gautam
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Arora
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonali Bajaj
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Meena
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ananta Khurana
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Guo K, Youssef GJ, Dawson A, Parkes L, Oostermeijer S, López-Solà C, Lorenzetti V, Greenwood C, Fontenelle LF, Yücel M. A psychometric validation study of the Impulsive-Compulsive Behaviours Checklist: A transdiagnostic tool for addictive and compulsive behaviours. Addict Behav 2017; 67:26-33. [PMID: 27987424 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of repetitive behaviours that are often harmful has been attributed to traits traditionally described as "impulsive" or "compulsive" e.g. substance dependence, excessive gambling, and hoarding. These behaviours are common and often co-occur in both the general population and psychiatric populations. The lack of measures to concurrently index a range of such behaviours led to the development of the Impulsive-Compulsive Behaviours (ICB) Checklist. This study aims to validate the ICB Checklist in a general community sample. Factor analyses revealed a two-factor structure, demonstrating good model fit in two independent samples. These were labelled Impulsive-Compulsions and Compulsive-Impulsions, comprising of classically compulsive and impulsive behaviours respectively. Reliability and construct validity were further confirmed using correlations with existing measures of impulsivity and compulsivity. Results suggest that the ICB Checklist is a valid and practical assessment that can be used to monitor behavioural clusters characterised by deficits in inhibition.
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Timming AR, Perrett DI. An experimental study of the effects of tattoo genre on perceived trustworthiness: Not all tattoos are created equal. JOURNAL OF TRUST RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21515581.2017.1289847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Timming
- School of Management, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
| | - David Ian Perrett
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
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Salehi J, Foumany GHE, Rahmani A, Elahi T. The Contribution of MMPI Subscales in Predicting the Likelihood of Tattoo among Iranian Young Men. Int J Ment Health Addict 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-016-9673-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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More similar than different: Tattooed adults are only slightly more impulsive and willing to take risks than Non-tattooed adults. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Timming AR, Nickson D, Re D, Perrett D. What Do You Think of My Ink? Assessing the Effects of Body Art on Employment Chances. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/hrm.21770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennis Nickson
- Strathclyde Business School; the University of Strathclyde; Scotland
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Kluger N. [Tattooed people, who are you? Demographic and behavioral characteristics of tattooed individuals]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2015; 142:410-20. [PMID: 25882922 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, tattoos have become extremely popular in Western countries. In Germany for instance, 8.5% of the population (aged between 14 and 90 years) have tattoos. Trends in France are similar according to a recent poll (10%). However, tattoos are becoming increasingly common among the young, involving up to 25%, according to the individual country. Reasons for getting a tattoo are plentiful and personal. There is no specific profile of tattooed individuals nowadays but a rather wide spectrum of different types. Herein, we review the epidemiology of tattooed individuals in the light of the most recent publications on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kluger
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital: dermatology, allergology and venereology, Meilahdentie 2, PO Box 160, 00029 HUS, Finlande.
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Liao PA, Chang HH, Su YJ. Is tattooing a risk factor for adolescents' criminal behavior? Empirical evidence from an administrative data set of juvenile detainees in Taiwan. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2014; 34:2080-2088. [PMID: 25598482 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile crime affects not only the victims of the crime but also the delinquents' future. How to prevent adolescent criminal behavior has become an important public policy issue. This study contributes to this interesting issue by examining the relationship between tattooing and adolescents' criminal behavior. In particular, this study investigates whether or not having a tattoo/tattoos is connected to the incidence of various criminal activities, including: larceny, robbery, fraud, assault, drug use, and homicide. A unique sample of 973 juvenile detainees drawn from the administrative profiles in Taiwan and the coarsened exact matching method were utilized. Results show that compared to their nontattooed counterparts, tattooed juvenile detainees were significantly more likely to commit fraud, assault, drug abuse, and homicide by 3%, 13%, 9%, and 9%, respectively. In contrast, tattooing was not significantly associated with larceny or robbery. From a policy perspective, given the significant link between tattooing and criminal behavior, the presence of a tattoo in adolescents may serve as a valuable indicator regarding adolescents' high probability of committing crimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-An Liao
- Department of Economics, Shih Hsin University, Taipei, 11645, Taiwan
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Wong SSY, Wong SCY, Yuen KY. Infections associated with body modification. J Formos Med Assoc 2012; 111:667-81. [PMID: 23265745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although exact statistics are lacking, body modifications for cosmetic purposes are performed in many countries. The commonest forms include tattooing, body piercing, and breast and facial augmentation using implants or injectable fillers. Liposuction and, to a lesser extent, mesotherapy are also practiced in many countries. Infective complications of these procedures include local infections, transmission of bloodborne pathogens (viral hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus), and distant infections such as infective endocarditis. Presence of foreign bodies, long healing time of piercing wounds, and poor compliance with infection control practices of some practitioners all predispose the recipients to infections. Apart from the endogenous microbial flora of the skin and mucosae, atypical mycobacteria, especially the rapid growers, have emerged as some of the most important pathogens in such settings. Outbreaks of infection are commonly reported. We hereby review the current knowledge of the topic with specific focus on infections associated with tattooing, body piercing, breast augmentation, mesotherapy, liposuction, and tissue filler injections. Greater awareness among consumers and health-care professionals, as well as more stringent regulations by the health authorities, is essential to minimize the health risks arising from these procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Sai-Yin Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Research Centre for Infection and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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24
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Ekinci O, Topcuoglu V, Sabuncuoglu O, Berkem M, Akin E, Gumustas FO. The association of tattooing/body piercing and psychopathology in adolescents: a community based study from Istanbul. Community Ment Health J 2012; 48:798-803. [PMID: 22438142 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-012-9509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the association of psychopathology with tattooing and body piercing among adolescents in Istanbul by means of self-report questionnaires. Tenth, eleventh and twelfth grade students from 2 high schools in Istanbul with a total number of 607 participated in the study. The Youth Self Report, Children's Depression Inventory and a detailed semi-structured inquiry assessing tattooing, body piercing and some psychiatric and psychosocial variables were administered to the students. The prevalence of tattooing and body piercing were 4.8 and 7 %, respectively. The adolescents with tattooing and body piercing were found to have a higher frequency of alcohol and drug use, smoking, going to bars/night clubs and lower school grades when compared to those without tattooing and body piercing. Externalizing problems, mainly delinquent and aggressive behaviours were more prominent in the adolescents with tattooing and body piercing. Tattooing and body piercing in adolescents may be indicative of mental health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozalp Ekinci
- Antakya State Hospital of Obstetrics and Child Care, Child Psychiatry Clinic, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey.
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25
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Swami V, Pietschnig J, Bertl B, Nader IW, Stieger S, Voracek M. Personality differences between tattooed and non-tattooed individuals. Psychol Rep 2012; 111:97-106. [PMID: 23045851 DOI: 10.2466/09.07.21.pr0.111.4.97-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study examined differences between tattooed and non-tattooed individuals on a range of personality and individual difference measures. A community sample of 540 individuals from the southern German-speaking area of central Europe completed a survey consisting of measures of the Big Five personality factors, Need for Uniqueness, Self-esteem, sensation seeking, Religious and Spiritual Beliefs, Attitudes Toward Tattoos, tattoo possession, and demographics. Preliminary analyses showed that 22% of the total sample possessed at least one tattoo. Further analyses showed that, compared with non-tattooed (n = 420) individuals, tattooed participants (n = 120) had significantly higher scores on Extraversion, Experience Seeking, Need for Uniqueness, and held more positive Attitudes Toward Tattoos, although effect sizes of these group differences were generally small- to medium-sized. These results are considered in relation to the contemporary prevalence of tattoos in socioeconomically developed societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK
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26
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Randall JA, Sheffield D. Just a personal thing? A qualitative account of health behaviours and values associated with body piercing. Perspect Public Health 2012; 133:110-5. [DOI: 10.1177/1757913912464835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study investigates the perceptions of individuals with body piercings in relation to health behaviours and values specifically taking into account piercing location. Methods: A qualitative study that employed a series of in-depth, semi-structured individual interviews using thematic analysis to analyse data. Nine individuals with a range of piercings were recruited and semi-structured interviews were carried out in a West Midlands piercing studio. Results: The analysis identified themes relating to the presence of body piercings that included a range of health-related outcomes such as physical appearance, health behaviours, addiction and impressions. A possible relationship between oral piercings and ‘crash dieting’ was also identified. Conclusions: The results suggest that from the comments made the presence of body piercings is not related to any particular health concern, which is instead comparable to the general population. These results contradict previous studies citing a relationship with high-risk health behaviours. Further large-scale studies examining these findings are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Randall
- Centre for Sport, Health and Exercise Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Brindley Building, Staffordshire University, Staffordshire, ST4 2DF
| | - David Sheffield
- Associate Head, Centre for Psychological Research, Faculty of Education, Health and Sciences, University of Derby, UK
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SWAMI VIREN. Written on the body? Individual differences between British adults who do and do not obtain a first tattoo. Scand J Psychol 2012; 53:407-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2012.00960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yen CF, Hsiao RC, Yen JY, Yeh YC, Wang PW, Lin HC, Ko CH. Tattooing among high school students in southern Taiwan: the prevalence, correlates and associations with risk-taking behaviors and depression. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2012; 28:383-9. [PMID: 22726901 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine the prevalence and sociodemographics, family and peer correlates of tattooing among high school students in southern Taiwan, and to examine the associations between tattooing and a variety of adolescent risk-taking behaviors and depression. A total of 9755 high school students (grades 7 to 12) in southern Taiwan were recruited into this study and completed the questionnaires. The prevalence of tattooing among the adolescents was calculated. The responses were analyzed using the logistic regression analysis models. It was found that 1% of high school students in southern Taiwan had 1 or more tattoos on their bodies. The older students who were perceived to have low family monitoring and who had friends who drink regularly, used illicit drugs, had a criminal record or were in a gang were more likely to have a tattoo. Tattooing was also found to be associated with violence, weekly alcohol consumption, illicit drug use, dropping out of school, unprotected sex, suicidal ideation/attempt, and depression. The results indicate that several demographics, family and peer factors are associated with adolescent tattooing. Tattooing may be an indicator of risk-taking behaviors in high school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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29
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Bercaw-Pratt JL, Santos XM, Sanchez J, Ayensu-Coker L, Nebgen DR, Dietrich JE. The incidence, attitudes and practices of the removal of pubic hair as a body modification. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012; 25:12-4. [PMID: 22088314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2011.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the incidence, attitudes, and practices of the removal of pubic hair as a body modification. DESIGN A voluntary, anonymous survey was conducted among adolescents and young women 12-20 years of age seen in gynecology clinics in Houston, Texas. RESULTS There were a total of 171 adolescent participants surveyed, of whom 70.4% of reported routinely shaving or waxing their pubic hair. More traditional body modification methods were evaluated, and 3.5% reported tattoos and 57.1% reported piercings. Sexually active participants were more likely to remove pubic hair routinely. The areas of the body where the participants felt there was "too much" hair included the genital area, upper lip, and abdomen. Of total respondents, 14.7% reported feeling "pressure" from friends or family to participate in body modification such as tattooing, piercing, or removal of pubic hair. The decision to participate in body modification was mostly influenced by friends and family. CONCLUSION Based on this study, removal of pubic hair as a body modification is common. The results of this study demonstrated that removal of pubic hair was more common in sexually active participants compared to non-sexually active participants. Therefore, providers should additionally be aware that removal of pubic hair may be a warning sign of sexual behaviors or impending sexual activity.
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30
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Heywood W, Patrick K, Smith AM, Simpson JM, Pitts MK, Richters J, Shelley JM. Who Gets Tattoos? Demographic and Behavioral Correlates of Ever Being Tattooed in a Representative Sample of Men and Women. Ann Epidemiol 2012; 22:51-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Roberts DJ. Secret ink: tattoo's place in contemporary American culture. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN CULTURE (MALDEN, MASS. : 2003) 2012; 35:153-165. [PMID: 22737733 DOI: 10.1111/j.1542-734x.2012.00804.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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32
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Swami V, Stieger S, Pietschnig J, Voracek M, Furnham A, Tovée MJ. The Influence of Facial Piercings and Observer Personality on Perceptions of Physical Attractiveness and Intelligence. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2012. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim of the present study was to examine the influence of facial piercings on observer ratings of physical attractiveness and intelligence. A total of 440 women and men rated a set of stimuli that depicted a female and a male model, respectively, with varying numbers of facial piercings. Participants also completed measures of the Big Five personality factors and sensation seeking, and provided information of their own piercings. Results indicated that, controlling for participants’ own piercings, stimuli with piercings were rated as less physically attractive and intelligent than those without piercings, with multiple piercings being accorded the most negative ratings. In addition, men with piercings were rated more negatively than women with piercings. Further results showed that participants’ openness to experience and sensation seeking were associated with more positive ratings of pierced individuals, and that greater number of participant piercings was correlated with the Big Five personality factors of Emotional Stability, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness, and sensation seeking. These results are discussed in relation to the extant literature on body modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, HELP University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Stefan Stieger
- Department of Basic Psychological Research, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Pietschnig
- Department of Basic Psychological Research, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Voracek
- Department of Basic Psychological Research, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Adrian Furnham
- Department of Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, University College London, UK
| | - Martin J. Tovée
- School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Stirn A, Oddo S, Peregrinova L, Philipp S, Hinz A. Motivations for body piercings and tattoos - the role of sexual abuse and the frequency of body modifications. Psychiatry Res 2011; 190:359-63. [PMID: 21705093 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Though the popularity of body modification increases, psychosocial data about practitioners of body piercing and tattooing are few and controversial. Most studies used semi-structured interviews and relatively small sample sizes. The aim of this study was to explore psychosocial background information (motivation, sexual abuse) for body modification practises based on a sufficiently large sample. A core group of 432 subjects with body piercings and/or tattoos (readers of a specialised magazine on body modification; mean age: 28 years) was investigated in this study using a 55-item questionnaire. The mean number of body modifications (piercings and tattoos) was nine. Participants with a history of sexual abuse and high users with more than 10 body modifications differed from those without these features with respect to several motivations and consequences of body modification. Participants with sexual abuse often stated that they wanted to overcome certain experiences, and high users were characterised by the feeling of an addiction to continue body modification. Clinicians should include questions on body modifications and their motives in anamnestic schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aglaja Stirn
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Psychotherapy and Pain Therapy, Asklepios Clinic, Hamburg, Germany
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Swami V. Marked for life? A prospective study of tattoos on appearance anxiety and dissatisfaction, perceptions of uniqueness, and self-esteem. Body Image 2011; 8:237-44. [PMID: 21641893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on psychosocial aspects of tattooing have not examined prospective changes in self- and body-related attitudes as a result of obtaining a tattoo. In the present study, 82 British residents obtaining their first tattoo completed measures of state appearance anxiety and dissatisfaction prior to, and immediately after, obtaining a tattoo. They also completed measures of trait body appreciation, distinctive appearance investment, self-ascribed uniqueness, social physique anxiety, and self-esteem before obtaining a tattoo and three weeks later. Results showed that both women and men had significantly lower appearance anxiety and dissatisfaction immediately after obtaining their tattoo, and significantly higher body appreciation, distinctive appearance investment, self-ascribed uniqueness, and self-esteem after three weeks. Women reported greater social physique anxiety after three weeks, whereas men reported lower anxiety. These results are discussed in relation to the positive impacts of obtaining body art and the mainstreaming of tattooing in Western societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, 300 Regent Street, London, UK.
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35
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Tiggemann M, Hopkins LA. Tattoos and piercings: bodily expressions of uniqueness? Body Image 2011; 8:245-50. [PMID: 21561820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the motivations underlying the body modification practices of tattooing and piercing. There were 80 participants recruited from an Australian music store, who provided descriptions of their tattoos and piercings and completed measures of need for uniqueness, appearance investment and distinctive appearance investment. It was found that tattooed individuals scored significantly higher on need for uniqueness than non-tattooed individuals. Further, individuals with conventional ear piercings scored significantly lower on need for uniqueness than individuals with no piercings or with facial and body piercings. Neither appearance investment nor distinctive appearance investment differed significantly among tattoo or piercing status groups. Strength of identification with music was significantly correlated with number of tattoos, but not number of piercings. It was concluded that tattooing, but not body piercing, represents a bodily expression of uniqueness.
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Gouveia VV, Medeiros EDD, Mendes LADC, Vione KC, Athayde RAA. Correlatos valorativos de atitudes frente à tatuagem. PSICOLOGIA & SOCIEDADE 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-71822010000300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Este estudo objetivou conhecer em que medida os valores explicam as atitudes frente à tatuagem e estas, por sua vez, predizem a intenção de tatuar-se. Participaram 263 estudantes universitários de João Pessoa, com idade média de 20,7 anos, a maioria homem (54,7%) e solteira (91%). Estes responderam a Escala de Atitudes frente à Tatuagem, o Questionário dos Valores Básicos e perguntas demográficas (idade, sexo, religiosidade). Os resultados indicaram atitudes dos participantes mais negativas frente à tatuagem, sobretudo aqueles de ciências exatas e naturais. Comprovou-se a adequação de um modelo triádico, onde os valores predisseram as atitudes frente à tatuagem e, estas, a intenção de tatuar-se. Especificamente, a subfunção normativa promoveu atitudes negativas frente à tatuagem, enquanto a subfunção experimentação favoreceu aquelas mais positivas. Conclui-se que as atitudes frente à tatuagem têm base valorativa, explicando a intenção de tatuar-se. Sugeriram-se pesquisas futuras que contribuam para explicar as atitudes frente à tatuagem.
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Antoszewski B, Sitek A, Fijałkowska M, Kasielska A, Kruk-Jeromin J. Tattooing and body piercing--what motivates you to do it? Int J Soc Psychiatry 2010; 56:471-9. [PMID: 19651696 DOI: 10.1177/0020764009106253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body ornamentation is becoming more and more popular, especially among young people. AIMS To establish the sociodemographic characteristics of people with tattoos or body piercing and to analyze the motivations for body ornamentation. METHODS The questionnaire studies were undertaken in Lodz--one of the largest cities in Poland. The data was collected from a group of 968 people, 476 of whom had a piercing and 492 a permanent tattoo. RESULTS Statistical analysis revealed that in the group of people with a tattoo, 36.8% were female and 63.2% were male. Contrary proportions were noted among people with a piercing: 78.8% female and 21.2% male. CONCLUSIONS Body piercing is significantly more popular among women while tattooing is more popular in men. Among adolescents, body piercing is performed considerably earlier than tattooing. The main reasons for body ornamenting in the Polish population are the desire to enhance one's individuality and the need to increase sexual attractiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusław Antoszewski
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Institute of Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
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38
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Medeiros EDD, Gouveia VV, Pimentel CE, Soares AKS, Lima TJSD. Escala de atitudes frente à tatuagem: elaboração e evidências de validade e precisão. ESTUDOS DE PSICOLOGIA (CAMPINAS) 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-166x2010000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Construiu-se uma medida de atitudes diante da tatuagem, reunindo evidências de sua validade fatorial e confiabilidade. A Escala de Atitudes frente à Tatuagem foi testada em dois estudos. No Estudo 1, participaram 273 estudantes universitários equitativamente distribuídos quanto ao gênero, com idade média de 25 anos, que responderam à Escala de Atitudes frente à Tatuagem e perguntas demográficas. Verificou-se que seus itens apresentaram poder discriminativo satisfatório, assim como emergiu a estrutura unifatorial esperada, com alfa de Cronbach de 0,96. No Estudo 2, participaram 245 estudantes universitários, a maioria do gênero masculino (55%), com idade média de 21 anos. Todos responderam à Escala de Atitudes frente à Tatuagem e à perguntas demográficas. Por meio de análise fatorial confirmatória, corroborou-se a estrutura unifatorial indicada previamente, com alfa de Cronbach de 0,93. Conclui-se que esse instrumento reúne evidências de validade fatorial e confiabilidade, podendo ser empregado para medir atitudes diante da tatuagem entre estudantes universitários.
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Abstract
Relations among body modifications (i.e., tattoos and piercings), sexual activity, and religious practices and beliefs were examined. In previous studies, Koch and colleagues found the type of body modification seemed to interact with sex to predict sexual activity; but only weak, negative correlations were found between tattoos and religious beliefs and practices. In a sample of 236 students ( M age = 20.1 yr.) from a small Catholic liberal arts college, numbers of tattoos and sexual partners were correlated statistically significantly. Other results differed by t sex: men with piercings were more likely to have had premarital intercourse, and women who had had premarital intercourse had more piercings than women who had not. There were no statistically significant correlations among body modifications and religious variables.
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Röhrl K, Stenberg B. Lifestyle factors and hand eczema in a Swedish adolescent population. Contact Dermatitis 2010; 62:170-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Chalmers C. Appraising the need for tighter control over the practices of the tattooing and body piercing industry. J Infect Prev 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1757177409105650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tattooing and body piercing have had a resurgence in popularity over the past few decades, taking the activities of the industry from a place on the fringes of society into a position of mainstream status. This shift has led to debate on the level of legislation and control over the industry's practices, where concerns around risk to public health from such practices have prompted calls for tighter control over the industry (Anderson, 2006; Noah, 2006). This debate, however, is arguably more complex than simply reflecting upon the association between tattooing and body piercing activities and the risk of infection. This is the second in a three-part series of articles on the topical issue of tattooing and body piercing. It highlights and discusses additional key factors that have been influential, either explicitly or implicitly, within the debate to determine the need for tighter controls over the tattooing and body piercing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Chalmers
- University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton Campus, Almada Street, Hamilton ML3 0JB,
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Personality correlates of tattooing and body piercing in a college sample: The kids are alright. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2008.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Gardella F, Mariné-Barjoan E, Truchi R, Fodella L, Delasalle P, Sattonnet C, Gelsi EV, Saint-Paul MC, Ouzan D, Tran A. Hepatitis C awareness among adolescents in the Alpes-Maritimes area of France. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 31:485-92. [PMID: 17541338 DOI: 10.1016/s0399-8320(07)89416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Certain practices with a potential risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission begin early, during adolescence. In 2004, primary prevention interventions targeting adolescents aged 13-17 years attending school in the Alpes-Maritimes region of France were conducted by the "Réseau Hépatite C Ville Hôpital Côte d'Azur". The aim of this study was to assess the adolescents' knowledge about HCV and to evaluate the impact of such interventions. METHODS A random sample of secondary state schools in the Alpes-Maritimes was invited to participate in the study. Before and after presenting a slide show about HCV in the selected classrooms, the investigators asked the students to complete an anonymous self-administered questionnaire designed to assess their knowledge about HCV infection. RESULTS The intervention concerned a study population of 2,946 students, mean age 14.4 +/- 2.5 years. Before the interventions, 21% had good knowledge of HCV infection and 24% had good know-ledge of disease contagion. These percentages increased significantly after the interventions to 95% and 84% respectively. Knowledge improvement was more significant among high school students and among students whose parents had an employment. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents are poorly informed about HCV infection. The present intervention enabled significant improvement in their knowledge about the infection and disease contagion, independently of gender, age and geographical area.
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Abstract
Body piercings and tattoos are becoming more common in the adolescent population today. Despite their movement into mainstream society, literature to aid in counseling of teens about these issues is scant. The practitioner dealing with this population of patients must be armed with the information necessary that will help adolescents make informed decisions about tattoos and piercings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Larzo
- Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown 26505, USA.
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