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Campagna D, Farsalinos K, Costantino G, Carpinteri G, Caponnetto P, Cucuzza F, Polosa R. Tobacco Smoking or Nicotine Phenotype and Severity of Clinical Presentation at the Emergency Department (SMOPHED): Protocol for a Noninterventional Observational Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e54041. [PMID: 38657239 DOI: 10.2196/54041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last few years, several nicotine products have become available as alternatives to smoking tobacco. While laboratory and limited clinical studies suggest that these devices are less toxic compared to classic tobacco cigarettes, very little is known about their epidemiological impact. Visiting the emergency department (ED) often represents the first or even the only contact of patients with the health care system. Therefore, a study conducted at the ED to assess the impact of these products on health can be reliable and reflect a real-life setting. OBJECTIVE The aim of this noninterventional observational study (SMOPHED study) is to analyze the association between the severity of clinical presentation observed during ED visits among patients using various nicotine products and the subsequent outcomes, specifically hospitalization and mortality. METHODS Outcomes (hospitalization and mortality in the ED) will be examined in relation to various patterns of nicotine products use. We plan to enroll approximately 2000 participants during triage at the ED. These individuals will be characterized based on their patterns of tobacco and nicotine consumption, identified through a specific questionnaire. This categorization will allow for a detailed analysis of how different usage patterns of nicotine products correlate with the clinical diagnosis made during the ED visits and the consequent outcomes. RESULTS Enrollment into the study started in March 2024. We enrolled a total of 901 participants in 1 month (approximately 300 potential participants did not provide the informed consent to participate). The data will be analyzed by a statistician as soon as the database is completed. Full data will be published by December 2024. CONCLUSIONS There is substantial debate about the harm reduction potential of alternative nicotine products in terms of their smoking-cessation and risk-reduction potential. This study represents an opportunity to document epidemiological data on the link between the use of different types of nicotine products and disease diagnosis and severity during an ED visit, and thus evaluate the harm reduction potential claims for these products. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/54041.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Campagna
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Emergency Department, Policlinico Teaching Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Farsalinos
- Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Giorgio Costantino
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Unità Operativa Complessa Pronto Soccorso e Medicina d'Urgenza, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Polosa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Zamora Goicoechea J, Boughner A, Cirion Lee JJ, Mahajan A, Yeo K, Sproga M, Patel T, Saitta C, Russell C, Coughlan M, Caponnetto P, Polosa R. A Global Health Survey of People Who Vape but Never Smoked: Protocol for the VERITAS (Vaping Effects: Real-World International Surveillance) Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e54236. [PMID: 38546715 PMCID: PMC11009848 DOI: 10.2196/54236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is only limited information about the health effects of regular vaping. Research on the health status of people who used to smoke faces the challenge that previous smoking may have caused unknown health effects. Only studies of people who vape but have never smoked combustible cigarettes can enable the detection of harms attributable to vaping. Large prospective studies of well-characterized electronic cigarette users with and without a history of combustible cigarette smoking are warranted to establish the long-term effects of regular vaping on respiratory health. OBJECTIVE We will conduct a global cross-sectional survey of individuals from 6 world regions. Respiratory symptoms will be assessed using a validated questionnaire-the Respiratory Symptom Experience Scale (RSES). Current vapers who are nonusers of other tobacco or nicotine products will be compared with matched controls who are nonusers of vapes and other tobacco or nicotine products. METHODS This will be a multicountry, cross-sectional internet-based survey of 750 adults aged ≥18 years who satisfy the criteria for inclusion in either a cohort of people who exclusively vape and who are nonusers of other tobacco or nicotine products ("vapers cohort"; target N=500) or a cohort of nonvapers who are also nonusers of other tobacco or nicotine products ("controls cohort"; target N=250). The primary end point of the study is the RSES score. RSES scores of people in the "vapers cohort" will be compared with those of people in the "controls cohort." Additionally, the study will collect data to characterize patterns of vaping product use among the vapers cohort. Data collection will include information about the age initiation of using vape products, reasons for starting and continuing the use of vape products, specific types of products used, flavors and nicotine strengths of recently used products, as well as the frequency and intensity of product use in the past 30 days. RESULTS Participant recruitment started in April 2023, and enrollment was completed by November 2023 with 748 participants. Results will be reported in 2024. CONCLUSIONS This will be the first study providing key insights into respiratory health effects associated with using electronic cigarettes in people who vape with no established use of combustible cigarettes or other tobacco or nicotine products. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/54236.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Zamora Goicoechea
- International Network of Nicotine Consumer Organisations, Vejle, Denmark
- Asociación de Reducción de Daños del Tabaquismo, Bogota, Colombia
- Asociación de usuarios de vaporizadores y métodos de reducción de daños por tabaquismo de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Allison Boughner
- American Vapor Manufacturers, Prescott, AZ, United States
- South Carolina Vapor Association, Charleston, SC, United States
| | | | | | - Kurt Yeo
- Vaping Saved My Life, Benoni, Gauteng, South Africa
- World Vapers Alliance, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Tasmin Patel
- Confidosoft Ltd, Leatherhead, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Section of Psychology, Department of Science of Education, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, University of Catania, Catana, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, University of Catania, Catana, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Polosa R, Pluym N, Scherer M, Belsey J, Russell C, Caponnetto P, Weglarz J, Campagna D. Protocol for the "magnitude of cigarette substitution after initiation of e-cigarettes and its impact on biomarkers of exposure and potential harm in dual users" (MAGNIFICAT) study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1348389. [PMID: 38584934 PMCID: PMC10996441 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1348389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many smokers who use e-cigarettes (ECs) to quit continue smoking alongside vaping. The impact on health among individuals who simultaneously smoke conventional cigarettes (CCs) and use ECs remains unclear. The varying patterns of dual use present differing levels of overall toxin exposure and relative risks concerning smoking-related diseases. Understanding these complexities is vital to assessing the implications for human health. Objective Herein we describe a protocol designed to analyze the impact of different level of substituting CCs with ECs on exposure to toxicants. We'll use biomarkers to measure this exposure and assess harm reduction in dual users through clinical endpoints, harm-related biomarkers, and behavioral correlations. We expect to observe progressive changes with varying patterns of dual use. Methods and analyses For this purpose, we planned to recruit a group of 250 smokers who will be asked to reduce their CC consumption by adopting ECs (intervention group). A separate group of 50 smokers will continue to smoke CC (reference group). Study groups will be followed up for 6 months during which biospecimens will be collected for biomarker analyses, and clinical endpoints will be assessed. The trial is structured to characterize subjects' usage patterns over time using robust biomarkers of exposure and a standardized mobile phone application to facilitate the precise categorization of dual users along the risk continuum based on their usage behaviors. Subject recruitment will start in February 2024 and enrolment is expected to be completed by August 2024. Results will be reported early in 2025. Study findings may provide valuable insights into health benefits or risks associated with varying patterns of dual use. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol and informed consent forms will be approved by the local Ethical Review Boards. Study results will be disseminated through articles published in reputable, peer-reviewed, open access, scientific journals, presentations at conferences, and the University website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Polosa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), University Teaching Hospital "Policlinico-S.Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nikola Pluym
- ABF Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Planegg, Germany
| | - Max Scherer
- ABF Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Planegg, Germany
| | | | | | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Science of Education, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Jakub Weglarz
- ECLAT Srl, Spin-off of the University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Davide Campagna
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- UOC MCAU, University Teaching Hospital "Policlinico-S.Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Caponnetto P, Lenzo V, Sardella A, Prezzavento GC, Casu M, Quattropani MC. Breaking the Silence: Exploring Peritraumatic Distress and Negative Emotions in Male and Female Physical Domestic Violence Victims. Health Psychol Res 2024; 12:92900. [PMID: 38435339 PMCID: PMC10908590 DOI: 10.52965/001c.92900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Domestic violence is a widespread problem affecting individuals, families, and communities worldwide. Peritraumatic distress is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health problems among victims, but research on men's experiences is limited. Objective We analyzed data from 48 physical domestic violence victims (16 males and 32 females) to compare their levels of peritraumatic distress and negative emotions, and to examine the types of aggressors they faced. Methods We used descriptives to summarize sample characteristics and Peritraumatic Distress Inventory scores and used statistical tests such as Mann-Whitney U, Shapiro-Wilk, Levene's test, contingency tables, and chi-square to investigate differences and associations between variables. Results Female victims of domestic violence had significantly higher scores on the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory than male victims and experienced significantly higher levels of negative emotions than male victims, including impotence/inability to react, sadness, anger/frustration, loss of control, fear, guilt, and shame. Husbands and domestic partners were the most frequent aggressors against female victims, while wives and ex-wives were the most frequent aggressors against male victims. In addition, partners were found to be the most frequent type of aggressor in the sample. Descriptive statistics, box plots, and scatter plots were used to provide a clear picture of the sample characteristics. Conclusion Female victims of domestic violence reported higher levels of peritraumatic distress and negative emotions compared to men victims. Partners were the most frequent type of aggressor in the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Educational Sciences University of Catania
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR) University of Catania
| | - Vittorio Lenzo
- Department of Educational Sciences University of Catania
| | | | | | - Mirko Casu
- Department of Educational Sciences University of Catania
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Catania
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Krysiński A, Russo C, Campagna D, Di Pino A, John S, Belsey J, Caponnetto P, Vudu L, Lim CW, Di Ciaula A, Veronese N, Barbagallo M, Iqbal F, Fluck D, Franek E, Polosa R, Sharma P. A multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of combustion-free nicotine alternatives on cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic parameters in individuals with type 2 diabetes who smoke: the DiaSmokeFree study protocol. Intern Emerg Med 2024; 19:321-332. [PMID: 37999870 PMCID: PMC10954907 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Stopping smoking is crucial for public health and especially for individuals with diabetes. Combustion-free nicotine alternatives like e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products are increasingly being used as substitutes for conventional cigarettes, contributing to the decline in smoking prevalence. However, there is limited information about the long-term health impact of those products in patients with diabetes. This randomized controlled trial aims to investigate whether switching from conventional cigarettes to combustion-free nicotine alternatives will lead to a measurable improvement in cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic parameters over a period of 2 years in smokers with type 2 diabetes. The multicenter study will be conducted in seven sites across four countries. A total of 576 smokers with type 2 diabetes will be randomly assigned (1:2 ratio) to either standard of care with brief cessation advice (Control Arm) or combustion-free nicotine alternatives use (Intervention Arm). The primary end point is the change in the proportion of patients with metabolic syndrome between baseline and the 2-year follow-up. Additionally, the study will analyze the absolute change in the sum of the individual factors of metabolic syndrome at each study time point. Patient recruitment has started in September 2021 and enrollment is expected to be completed by December 2023. Results will be reported in 2026. This study may provide valuable insights into cardiovascular and metabolic health benefits or risks associated with using combustion-free nicotine alternatives for individuals with type 2 diabetes who are seeking alternatives to tobacco cigarette smoking. The study protocol, informed consent forms, and relevant documents were approved by seven ethical review boards. Study results will be disseminated through articles published in high-quality, peer-reviewed journals and presentations at conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Krysiński
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish-Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Central Clinical Hospital, PIM MSWiA, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Cristina Russo
- Ashford and Saint Peter's Hospitals NHS Trust, Chertsey, UK
| | - Davide Campagna
- Emergency Department, Teaching Hospital Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco" of Catania, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Pino
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sarah John
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lorina Vudu
- Nicolae Testemitanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Chong Wei Lim
- Ashford and Saint Peter's Hospitals NHS Trust, Chertsey, UK
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Preventive and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePrev-J), Clinica Medica "A. Murri", University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Farrukh Iqbal
- The University of Lahore University College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - David Fluck
- Ashford and Saint Peter's Hospitals NHS Trust, Chertsey, UK
| | - Edward Franek
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish-Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Central Clinical Hospital, PIM MSWiA, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Ashford and Saint Peter's Hospitals NHS Trust, Chertsey, UK
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Conte G, Pacino SA, Urso S, Greiling D, Caponnetto P, Pedullà E, Generali L, Consolo U, Checchi V, Gospodaru S, Bordeniuc G, Fala V, Kowalski J, Nowak M, Górska R, Amaliya A, Chapple I, Milward M, Maclure R, Nardi GM, Polosa R. Changes in Oral Health and Dental Esthetic in Smokers Switching to Combustion-Free Nicotine Alternatives: Protocol for a Multicenter and Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e53222. [PMID: 38393754 PMCID: PMC10924261 DOI: 10.2196/53222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the detrimental effects of conventional combustible cigarettes on oral health and dental esthetics are well known, there is limited information about the long-term impact of combustion-free nicotine alternatives (C-F NA) such as e-cigarettes or heated tobacco products. OBJECTIVE This multicenter, prospective, 3-parallel-arm randomized controlled trial will investigate whether switching from combustible cigarettes to C-F NA will lead to measurable improvements in oral health parameters and dental esthetics over 18 months in adult smokers with limited gum disease. METHODS Regular smokers not intending to quit and without clinical signs of periodontitis will be randomly assigned (1:4 ratio) to either standard of care with brief cessation advice (control group; arm A) or C-F NA use (intervention group; arm B). The study will also include a reference group of never smokers (reference group; arm C). The primary end point is the change in the Modified Gingival Index (MGI) score from baseline between the control arm (arm A) and the intervention arm (arm B) at the 18-month follow-up. In addition, the study will analyze the within- and between-group (arms A, B, and C) changes in MGI assessment, plaque imaging, dental shade quantitation, tooth stain scores, and oral health-related quality of life questionnaires measured at each study time point. All participants will attend a total of 7 clinic visits: screening, enrollment, and randomization (visit 0); baseline visit-day 14 (visit 1); day 90 (visit 2); day 180 (visit 3); day 360 (visit 4); and day 540 (visit 5). This multicenter study will be conducted in 4 dental clinics in 4 countries. The statistical analysis will involve descriptive statistics for continuous and categorical data. Primary end points will undergo tests for normality and, based on distribution, either a 2-sided t test or Mann-Whitney U test. Linear mixed model with random factors center and study arms by center will also be applied. Secondary end points, including MGI assessment and quality of life, will be subjected to similar tests and comparisons. Only if one value of the parameter MGI is missing after day 1, the last available observation will be carried forward. The analysis will be performed on the substituted data. Secondary parameters will not have missing value replacement. RESULTS Participant recruitment began in October 2021, and enrollment was completed in June 2023. Results will be reported in 2025. CONCLUSIONS This will be the first study to provide key insights into oral health benefits or risks associated with using C-F NA in smokers who are seeking alternatives to cigarette smoking. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04649645; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04649645. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/53222.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastiano Antonio Pacino
- Addendo srl, Dental Clinic, Catania, Italy
- ECLAT Srl, Spin-off of the University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Urso
- ECLAT Srl, Spin-off of the University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Eugenio Pedullà
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luigi Generali
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ugo Consolo
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Vittorio Checchi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Jan Kowalski
- Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Nowak
- Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Górska
- Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Amaliya Amaliya
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Iain Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, The University of Birmingham & Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Milward
- Periodontal Research Group, The University of Birmingham & Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Maclure
- R Maclure Clinical Research Ltd, Irby, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Gianna Maria Nardi
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Caponnetto P, Schilirò G, Maglia M, Prezzavento GC, Baeken C, Quattropani MC. Psychological and neuropsychological clinical impact in brain cancer patients and evidence-based psychological intervention: a systematic review of the literature. Health Psychol Res 2024; 12:91408. [PMID: 38249780 PMCID: PMC10796271 DOI: 10.52965/001c.91408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer patients may suffer from psychological disorders related to their health condition. Various medical, surgical, and interventional procedures, alongside the distinct tumor localization, have been linked to an elevated predisposition towards psychological disorders, including but not limited to depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and cognitive impairments. Objective To systematically review the literature on neurocognitive rehabilitation of patients before and after brain cancer. Methods The systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines for the systematic review of the PRISMA Group. The literature search was conducted from February 2022 to December 2022 in the databases of PubMed, APA PsycNet, and Web of Science. The focus was on cognitive-behavioural treatments, with Goal Management Training (GMT), and also an app on the iPad- ReMind- that includes psychoeducation, strategy training, and retraining, and new technologies such as virtual reality, in patients with cognitive deficits after neurosurgery. Conclusions Overall, neurocognitive rehabilitation had an improvement on cancer patients and a recovery of executive and cognitive functions, a better quality of life, and psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Educational Science University of Catania
- Centre of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEAHR) University of Catania
| | | | - Marilena Maglia
- Department of Educational Science University of Catania
- Centre of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEAHR) University of Catania
| | | | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab Ghent University
- Department of Psychiatry Vrije Universiteit Brussel
- Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology
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Sammut R, Grech J, Polosa R, Campagna D, Di Ciaula A, Dugal T, Kenge A, Misra A, Abbas Raza S, Russo C, Somasundaram N, Walicka M, Phoung LD, Prezzavento GC, Casu M, La Rosa GRM, Caponnetto P. Behavioral Therapy for People With Diabetes Who Smoke: A Scoping Review. J Prim Care Community Health 2024; 15:21501319241241470. [PMID: 38654523 DOI: 10.1177/21501319241241470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking exacerbates diabetes-related complications; its prevalence is notwithstanding substantial. Persons with diabetes face a number of barriers and challenges to quitting such as multiple lifestyle restrictions; tailored interventions are required for smoking cessation. OBJECTIVE To identify research on behavioral interventions for smoking cessation in diabetes. METHODS Studies had to be randomized controlled trials, quasiexperimental or systematic reviews. The behavioral interventions included were: the 5As, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Contingency Management, Health Coaching and Counselling, as compared to standard care. The outcomes were self-reported and/or biochemically verified smoking cessation. CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE Complete, the Cochrane databases of systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials, PsychInfo and PubMed Central were searched until July, 2023. Keywords used included diabetes, smoking cessation and each of the behavioral interventions included. RESULTS 1615 papers were identified. Three studies on the 5As/brief advice, 4 on Motivational Intervention and 1 on counseling were retained. The results on the 5As and Motivational Interviewing were conflicting. More intensive interventions appear to be more successful in achieving smoking cessation in smokers with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Future research should focus on the continued development and evaluation of structured smoking cessation interventions based on the 5As, Motivational interviewing and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tabinda Dugal
- Royal Cornwall Hospital NHS Trust, Treliske, Truro, UK
| | - Andre Kenge
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis C-DOC Centre for Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Disease and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Abbas Raza
- Shaukat Khanum Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Peswhar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Cristina Russo
- Ashford and Saint Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cherstey, UK
| | | | - Magdalena Walicka
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- National Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland
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Caponnetto P, Spicuzza L, Campagna D, Ahluwalia JS, Russell C, Maglia M, Riela PM, Longo CF, Caci G, Quattropani MC, Signorelli MS, Polosa R. Varenicline for smoking cessation in individuals who smoke cigarettes and use electronic cigarettes: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 66:102316. [PMID: 38192585 PMCID: PMC10772233 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy and safety of varenicline for smoking cessation among individuals who smoke tobacco cigarettes and also use electronic cigarettes (known e-cigarettes or vapes) have not been studied. We aimed to address this knowledge gap and examine predictors for smoking abstinence. Methods In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-centre randomised trial in Italy, we enrolled adults who had used an e-cigarette daily for at least 12 months and who also smoked at least one tobacco cigarette per day and had a willingness to quit smoking. 155 participants were randomly assigned to receive either varenicline (n = 78) or matched placebo (n = 77). Varenicline (1 mg, administered twice daily for 12 weeks) was given in combination with smoking cessation counseling in dual users with an intention to quit smoking. Participants in both treatment groups received the same smoking cessation counselling throughout the whole duration of the study. The trial consisted of a 12-week treatment phase followed by a 12-week follow-up. The primary efficacy endpoint was continuous abstinence rate (CAR) in weeks 4-12. Secondary efficacy endpoints were the CAR in weeks 4-24 and 7-day point prevalence of smoking abstinence at weeks 12 and 24. This study is registered in EUDRACT, 2016-000339-42. Findings Between November 2018, and February 2020, 114 participants (61 in the varenicline group and 53 in the placebo group) completed the intervention phase at week 12 and 88 participants (52 in the varenicline group and 36 in the placebo group) completed the follow-up phase at week 24. CARs were significantly higher for the varenicline vs placebo at each time-point: 50.0% vs 16.9% (OR = 4.9; 95% CI, 2.3-10.4; P < 0.0001) between weeks 4 and 12; and 48.7% vs 14.3% (OR = 5.7; 95% CI, 2.6-12.3; P < 0.0001) between weeks 4 and 24. The 7-day point prevalence of smoking abstinence was also higher for the varenicline than placebo at each time point. Adverse events were rated as mild or moderate and rarely led to treatment discontinuation. Interpretation Our findings indicate that inclusion of varenicline in a cessation programme for adults who smoke and use e-cigarettes with an intention to quit smoking could result in smoking abstinence without serious adverse events. In the absence of evidence from other smoking cessation methods, it could be useful to suggest the use of varenicline in cessation programmes specifically designed to help dual users stop smoking. Further research in larger and more generalisable populations is required to strengthen such a suggestion. Funding Global Research Award for Nicotine Dependence, an independently reviewed competitive grants programmeme funded by Pfizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Science of Education, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Italy
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), University Teaching Hospital “Policlinico-S.Marco”, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Spicuzza
- Centre of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Italy
- Respiratory Unit - University Teaching Hospital “Policlinico-S.Marco”, University of Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Davide Campagna
- Centre of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
- UOC MCAU, University Teaching Hospital “Policlinico-S.Marco”, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Jasjit S. Ahluwalia
- Brown University School of Public Health and Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Marilena Maglia
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), University Teaching Hospital “Policlinico-S.Marco”, University of Catania, Italy
- ECLAT Srl, Spin-off of the University of Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Marco Riela
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelo Fabio Longo
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia Caci
- UOC MCAU, University Teaching Hospital “Policlinico-S.Marco”, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Catena Quattropani
- Department of Science of Education, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Polosa
- Centre of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Italy
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), University Teaching Hospital “Policlinico-S.Marco”, University of Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
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10
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Concerto C, Signorelli MS, Chiarenza C, Ciancio A, Francesco AD, Mineo L, Rodolico A, Torrisi G, Caponnetto P, Pennisi M, Lanza G, Petralia A. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Gambling Disorder: A Systematic Review. J Integr Neurosci 2023; 22:164. [PMID: 38176943 DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2206164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gambling Disorder (GD) is a behavioral addiction listed within the diagnostic category of substance-related and addictive disorders. Recently, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which non-invasively stimulates the brain and has neuromodulatory properties, has emerged as an innovative treatment tool for GD, thus offering a new option for the management of this complex disorder. The present review explored the efficacy of TMS as a possible non-pharmacological treatment for GD. METHODS An exhaustive search was performed across the MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases using a specific search string related to GD and TMS. A total of 20 papers were selected for full-text examination, out of which eight fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were therefore systematically analyzed in the present review. RESULTS This review included eight studies: three randomized-controlled trials (RCTs), three non-controlled studies, one case series, and one case report. Two cross-over RCTs described a decrease in craving after high-frequency (excitatory), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), respectively; another study applying low-frequency (inhibitory) rTMS on the right DLPFC did not find any positive effect on craving. Among uncontrolled studies, one demonstrated the beneficial effect of high-frequency rTMS over the left DLPFC, while another showed the efficacy of a continuous theta burst stimulation protocol directed over the pre-supplementary motor area, bilaterally. CONCLUSION The included studies showed the promising effect of excitatory stimulation over the left PFC. However, further investigation is needed, particularly in terms of standardizing stimulation protocols and psychometric assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Concerto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Salvina Signorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Cecilia Chiarenza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciancio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Francesco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Ludovico Mineo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rodolico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Torrisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Manuela Pennisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Unit, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Antonino Petralia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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11
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Caponnetto P, Casu M, Crane D, Ross L, Quattropani MC, Polosa R. User evaluation and feasibility test of an app designed for smoking cessation in Italian people who smoke: preliminary findings from an uncontrolled pre-test post-test open study. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:387. [PMID: 37950279 PMCID: PMC10636835 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01430-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND mHealth is a public health practice that exploits the use of mobile devices, including smartphone applications. We will describe an uncontrolled pre-test post-test open pilot study concerning the feasibility evaluation of a smartphone App designed to help in smoking cessation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of a smartphone app as a tool for smoking cessation. This study is necessary to the literature because smoking is a major public health concern and has been linked to various health issues such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and cancer. While there are several smoking cessation interventions available, the use of mobile devices to aid in smoking cessation is a relatively new and innovative approach that requires further investigation. METHODS The App "Smoke Free" was configured on the devices of N = 30 participants who smoked combustible cigarette, 13 males and 17 females aged 18 to 55 years, with the indications to use it for 90 days, describe their experience, suggest new features, and report any critical aspect. The study consisted of an initial screening visit to select participants that reflected the inclusion criteria and 4 study visits: a baseline visit, two follow-up visits, and one final visit. We used descriptive stats to summarize results. Repeated measures ANOVA and Wilcoxon test were used to test differences in smoking consumption, self-reported craving, and measured eCO level. Statistical software Jamovi was used for analysis. Interviews were conducted via phone or in-person and analyzed using qualitative description principles. RESULTS Participants evaluated the app as having good aesthetic appeal and user-friendliness but being moderately useful, despite some quitting or reducing their smoking behavior. To improve it, participants have proposed features such as more notifications, social network integration, and damage caused by smoking to the body over time for future app updates. CONCLUSIONS The application was moderately useful with good feasibility, with several suggestions for future updates that could improve its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Mirko Casu
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - David Crane
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
- Smoke Free (23 Limited), London, UK
| | | | - Maria Catena Quattropani
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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12
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Rodolico A, Cutrufelli P, Brondino N, Caponnetto P, Catania G, Concerto C, Fusar-Poli L, Mineo L, Sturiale S, Signorelli MS, Petralia A. Mental Pain Correlates with Mind Wandering, Self-Reflection, and Insight in Individuals with Psychotic Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1557. [PMID: 38002517 PMCID: PMC10670292 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the cognitive processes that contribute to mental pain in individuals with psychotic disorders is important for refining therapeutic strategies and improving patient outcomes. This study investigated the potential relationship between mental pain, mind wandering, and self-reflection and insight in individuals diagnosed with psychotic disorders. We included individuals diagnosed with a 'schizophrenia spectrum disorder' according to DSM-5 criteria. Patients in the study were between 18 and 65 years old, clinically stable, and able to provide informed consent. A total of 34 participants, comprising 25 males and 9 females with an average age of 41.5 years (SD 11.5) were evaluated. The Psychache Scale (PAS), the Mind Wandering Deliberate and Spontaneous Scale (MWDS), and the Self-Reflection and Insight Scale (SRIS) were administered. Statistical analyses involved Spearman's rho correlations, controlled for potential confounders with partial correlations, and mediation and moderation analyses to understand the indirect effects of MWDS and SRIS on PAS and their potential interplay. Key findings revealed direct correlations between PAS and MWDS and inverse correlations between PAS and SRIS. The mediation effects on the relationship between the predictors and PAS ranged from 9.22% to 49.8%. The largest statistically significant mediation effect was observed with the SRIS-I subscale, suggesting that the self-reflection and insight component may play a role in the impact of mind wandering on mental pain. No evidence was found to suggest that any of the variables could function as relationship moderators for PAS. The results underscore the likely benefits of interventions aimed at reducing mind wandering and enhancing self-reflection in psychotic patients (e.g., metacognitive therapy, mindfulness). Further research will be essential to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rodolico
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (P.C.); (P.C.); (L.F.-P.); (L.M.); (M.S.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Pierfelice Cutrufelli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (P.C.); (P.C.); (L.F.-P.); (L.M.); (M.S.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Natascia Brondino
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (P.C.); (P.C.); (L.F.-P.); (L.M.); (M.S.S.); (A.P.)
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Via Teatro Greco 84, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Carmen Concerto
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (P.C.); (P.C.); (L.F.-P.); (L.M.); (M.S.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Laura Fusar-Poli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (P.C.); (P.C.); (L.F.-P.); (L.M.); (M.S.S.); (A.P.)
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Ludovico Mineo
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (P.C.); (P.C.); (L.F.-P.); (L.M.); (M.S.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Serena Sturiale
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (P.C.); (P.C.); (L.F.-P.); (L.M.); (M.S.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Maria Salvina Signorelli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (P.C.); (P.C.); (L.F.-P.); (L.M.); (M.S.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonino Petralia
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (P.C.); (P.C.); (L.F.-P.); (L.M.); (M.S.S.); (A.P.)
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Caponnetto P, Triscari S, Vitale NM, Polosa R. Letter to the Editors of Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment; Adolescents Who Vape Nicotine and Their Experiences Vaping: A Qualitative Study; Regarding Dubé et al. (2023). Subst Abuse 2023; 17:11782218231197959. [PMID: 37706069 PMCID: PMC10496474 DOI: 10.1177/11782218231197959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Caponnetto
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sergio Triscari
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Noemi Maria Vitale
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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14
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Boccaccio FM, Platania GA, Guerrera CS, Varrasi S, Privitera CR, Caponnetto P, Pirrone C, Castellano S. Autism Spectrum Disorder: recommended psychodiagnostic tools for early diagnosis. Health Psychol Res 2023; 11:77357. [PMID: 37670796 PMCID: PMC10477006 DOI: 10.52965/001c.77357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia Savia Guerrera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, CT, Italy
| | - Simone Varrasi
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, CT, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, CT, Italy
| | - Concetta Pirrone
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, CT, Italy
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, CT, Italy
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Caponnetto P, Campagna D, Ahluwalia JS, Russell C, Maglia M, Riela PM, Longo CF, Busa B, Polosa R. Varenicline and counseling for vaping cessation: a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial. BMC Med 2023; 21:220. [PMID: 37403047 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02919-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaping cessation is virtually unexplored. The efficacy and safety of varenicline for vaping cessation has not been studied and rigorous research is required to advance best practice and outcomes for people who use electronic cigarettes (EC) and want to quit. The objective is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of varenicline (1 mg BID, administered for 12 weeks, with follow-up to week 24) combined with vaping cessation counseling in exclusive daily EC users intending to quit vaping. METHODS Design: Double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING The study took place at a University-run smoking cessation center. PARTICIPANTS People who exclusively use ECs daily and intend to quit vaping. INTERVENTION A total of 140 subjects were randomized to either varenicline (1 mg, administered twice daily for 12 weeks) plus counseling or placebo treatment (administered twice daily, for 12 weeks) plus counseling. The trial consisted of a 12-week treatment phase followed by a 12-week follow-up, nontreatment phase. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary efficacy endpoint of the study was biochemically validated continuous abstinence rate (CAR) at weeks 4 to 12. Secondary efficacy end points were CAR at weeks 4 to 24 and 7-day point prevalence of vaping abstinence at weeks 12 and 24. RESULTS CAR was significantly higher for varenicline vs placebo at each interval: weeks 4-12, 40.0% and 20.0%, respectively (OR = 2.67, 95% CI = [1.25-5.68], P = 0.011); weeks 4-24, 34.3% for varenicline with counseling and 17.2% for placebo with counseling (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = [1.14-5.58], P = 0.0224). The 7-day point prevalence of vaping abstinence was also higher for the varenicline than placebo at each time point. Serious adverse events were infrequent in both groups and not treatment-related. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present RCT indicate that inclusion of varenicline in a vaping cessation program for people who use electronic cigarettes and intending to quit may result in prolonged abstinence. These positive findings establish a benchmark of intervention effectiveness, may support the use of varenicline combined with counseling in vaping cessation programs, and may also help guiding future recommendations by health authorities and healthcare providers. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study has been registered in EUDRACT with Trial registration ID: 2016-000339-42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Caponnetto
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), University Teaching Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Science of Education, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Davide Campagna
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- UOC MCAU, University Teaching Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Jasjit S Ahluwalia
- Brown University School of Public Health and Alpert School of Medicine, RI, Providence, USA
| | | | - Marilena Maglia
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), University Teaching Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- ECLAT Srl, Spin-off of the University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Marco Riela
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelo Fabio Longo
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Barbara Busa
- UOC Farmacia Ospedaliera, ARNAS Hospital "Garibaldi", Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), University Teaching Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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16
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Maglia M, Signorelli MS, Petralia A, Verduzzo I, Carmen C, Rodolico A, Di Piazza J, Caponnetto P. A Clinical Psychological View about Delusional Characterizations in Subjects with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder during the COVID-19 Period. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072698. [PMID: 37048782 PMCID: PMC10094991 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
(Background) The period experienced during the COVID-19 virus and the respective social regulations associated with it caused enormous psychosocial stress. (Objective) The objective of the present work was to observe whether the lived period induced a change in delusional characterizations in subjects with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. (Methods) A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines for systematic reviews of the PRISMA GROUP. The literature search was conducted from November 2021 to May 2022, using various scientific platforms including PubMed. (Results) A total of 865 articles were found, from which 176 duplicates were removed. The remaining articles were reviewed by reading the titles and abstracts; fourteen were included. (Conclusions) During this research, it was possible to confirm the initial thesis, namely that delirium absorbs external reality by being modified by it. It was observed that the speed of absorption is estimated to be directly proportional to the speed of the modification of social reality and to the impact that the latter has on the subject's private sphere. Moreover, the situation of radical change represented a condition of abnormal psychosocial stress, which led to an increase in diagnoses of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and, specifically, a weighty increase in diagnoses of brief psychotic disorder (BDP). In the coming years, it is estimated that there will be an increase in diagnoses of schizophrenia spectrum disorder caused by both environmental and biological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Maglia
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Petralia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Idria Verduzzo
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Concerto Carmen
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rodolico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Jennifer Di Piazza
- Hunter Bellevue School of Nursing, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
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17
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Maglia M, Quattropani MC, Polosa R, Panassidi A, Caruso M, Mangione M, Nicolosi V, Mazzeppi SD, Lenzo V, Sardella A, Caponnetto P. Qualitative study on the perception of combustible cigarettes, e-cigarettes and heated tobacco cigarettes among pregnant women. J Addict Dis 2023:1-11. [PMID: 36892131 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2023.2184302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The research proposes to investigate the psychological reasons that may explain women's addiction to smoking during pregnancy and the perception of combustible cigarettes, electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco cigarettes. The sample included 30 participants who smoke or people who previously smoked who chose to quit or continue smoking during pregnancy. The data was gathered via a semi-structured interview and developed from three research questions: feelings, opinions and perceptions of pregnant women toward e-cigarettes, heated tobacco cigarettes, and combustible cigarettes. The study used thematic qualitative analysis for the methodological formulation of the results. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research Standards (QRRS) checklist was used. In this qualitative research, three psychological reasons for the onset of smoking were found and analyzed: feelings of stress, nervousness, and loneliness. According to the results: 40.91% of the women who smoked combustible cigarettes decided to keep on smoking and 59.09% decided to quit, 16.67% of participants who use heated tobacco cigarette decided to continue during pregnancy and the remaining 83.33% decide to stop; lastly, there is a condition of fairness for adults who use e-cigarette, 50% decided to continue smoking during pregnancy and the other 50% decided to stop smoking. The data indicate that those who continue to smoke during pregnancy are participants who smoke combustible cigarettes, stating that they reduce the amount of smoke inhaled. Meanwhile, participants who use heated tobacco cigarettes or e-cigarettes are certain that they pose less risk than combustible cigarettes; nevertheless, most of them decide to quit smoking during pregnancy. Another important aspect that has been noted is that of formal abandonment treatments, as quite unexpectedly, there has been a unanimous recognition of strong distrust toward the possible risks to the unborn child. There is a lot of distrust and little knowledge of official smoking cessation therapies, and because of this, participants stated that they can quit smoking whenever they want and only with their own willpower. Five categories and related themes emerged from the thematic analysis, such as reasons for starting with themes such as stress, irritation, loneliness, adolescence and integration; reasons for attachment to topics such as habit and carelessness about one's health; perceptions of traditional cigarettes compared to e-cigarettes and heated cigarettes with related topics such as sensory experiences and side effects; feelings and use of official smoking cessation therapies with issues as willpower and knowledge; information on the effects of smoke during pregnancy and breastfeeding, including risk information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Maglia
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- CTA-Villa Chiara Psychiatric Rehabilitation Clinic and Research, Mascalucia, Italy
| | - Maria C Quattropani
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessia Panassidi
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Manuela Caruso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marta Mangione
- ECLAT Srl, Spin-Off of the University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Nicolosi
- ECLAT Srl, Spin-Off of the University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Lenzo
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alberto Sardella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Battiato S, Caponnetto P, Leotta R, Marotta G, Midolo A, Ortis A, Polosa R. Development and User Evaluation of a Food-recognition app (FoodRec): Experimental Data and Qualitative Analysis. Health Psychol Res 2023; 11:70401. [PMID: 36844645 PMCID: PMC9946798 DOI: 10.52965/001c.70401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background different studies revealed strong correlation between smoking cessation and a worsening of the diet, whose consequence include loss of appetite, weight loss, etc. Objective the objective of FoodRec project is to exploit technology to monitor the dietary habits of people during their smoke quitting process, catching relevant changes which can affect the patient health and the success of the process. This work was an uncontrolled pre-test post-test open pilot study in which an interdisciplinary group created an app for food recognition (FoodRec) to monitor their mood status and dietary habits during the test period. Methods participants used the FoodRec App for two consecutive weeks for usability and suitability assessment. Tests included 149 smokers involved in a smoke quitting process, aged between 19 and 80. For the quantitative test, data were analyzed regarding users features, meals uploads, mood states and drink intakes. For the qualitative test, a user evaluation test of the app has been performed with four assignments being carried out on a group of 50 participants. Results the App was perceived as extremely user-friendly and lightweight. It also turned out to be useful in the perception of users' dietary habits and helpful in relieving the stress of a food intake reduction process. Conclusion this work investigated the role and impact of the FoodRec App in a large international and multicultural context. The experience gained in the current study will be used to modify and refine the large international RCT protocol version of the app.
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Sardella A, Musetti A, Caponnetto P, Quattropani MC, Lenzo V. Prolonged Grief Disorder and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression among Bereaved Family Caregivers in the Context of Palliative Home Care. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:490-500. [PMID: 36826221 PMCID: PMC9955476 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the psychological comorbidity of PGD among bereaved family caregivers of palliative care cancer patients. We also examined the discriminant validity of two simple and reliable tools in correctly categorized individuals with PGD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 157 bereaved participants (77.1% females, mean age = 43.50 ± 14.04 years, mean time since the loss = 3.59 years) recruited from three palliative home care services. These participants completed the Prolonged Grief Scale (PG-13) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: The prevalence of PGD within the sample was 4.46% (i.e., = 7/157). Participants scored higher than the cut-off on the PG-13 and the HADS-D. Symptoms of PGD were positively correlated with depression levels. The ROC curve analysis showed that the HADS-D was outstanding in categorizing individuals with prolonged grief disorder from those without PGD. A HADS-D score of ≥7.5 was able to categorize participants with a sensitivity of 0.90 and a specificity of 0.73. Conclusions: Overall, these results highlight the relationship between grief and depression symptoms and their exceptional discriminant validity among correctly identified individuals with PGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sardella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Lenzo
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
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Varrasi S, Guerrera CS, Platania GA, Castellano S, Pirrone C, Caponnetto P, Nicolosi C, Insanguine F, Greco E, Perrone M, Pulvirenti C, Randazzo D, Ferro G, Consoli M, Di Nuovo S. Professional quality of life and psychopathological symptoms among first-line healthcare workers facing COVID-19 pandemic: an exploratory study in an Italian southern hospital. Health Psychol Res 2023; 11:67961. [PMID: 36777810 PMCID: PMC9907327 DOI: 10.52965/001c.67961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the mental health of healthcare workers, who have taken on the major problems triggered by the emergency. The mental consequences concern high levels of insomnia, anxiety, depression and burnout, which inevitably affect their professional quality of life too. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between psychopathological symptoms (tested with the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, DASS-21) and professional quality of life (measured with the Professional Quality of Life Scale, ProQol) in a hospital of southern Italy. Methods 204 healthcare workers were recruited by non-probabilistic sampling and divided by age, gender, work roles (physicians, nurses and intermediate care technicians) and clinical departments (Cardio-medicine, Infectious Diseases, Emergency Medicine, First Aid, Obstetrics and Pneumology). Results The results showed higher levels of Secondary Traumatic Stress, Depression, Anxiety and Stress in women than in men. Physicians and nurses experienced lower levels of Compassion Satisfaction but higher Burnout than intermediate care technicians; likewise, nurses were more anxious than physicians. The Emergency Medicine had higher scores in Compassion Satisfaction than Infectious Disease, Pneumology, Obstetrics and Cardio-Medicine. Conclusion In light of what has been said so far, it appears essential to intervene on the first mild signs of Burnout and Secondary Traumatic Stress, because they precede the onset of Depression, Stress and Anxiety in healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Varrasi
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Costanza Nicolosi
- Psychology Service, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico “G. Rodolico – San Marco” – P.O. “San Marco”
| | - Francesca Insanguine
- Psychology Service, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico “G. Rodolico – San Marco” – P.O. “San Marco”
| | - Emanuela Greco
- Psychology Service, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico “G. Rodolico – San Marco” – P.O. “San Marco”
| | - Mariacatena Perrone
- Psychology Service, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico “G. Rodolico – San Marco” – P.O. “San Marco”
| | - Carmen Pulvirenti
- Psychology Service, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico “G. Rodolico – San Marco” – P.O. “San Marco”
| | - Diletta Randazzo
- Psychology Service, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico “G. Rodolico – San Marco” – P.O. “San Marco”
| | - Gabriele Ferro
- Psychology Service, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico “G. Rodolico – San Marco” – P.O. “San Marco”
| | - Maurizio Consoli
- Psychology Service, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico “G. Rodolico – San Marco” – P.O. “San Marco”
| | - Santo Di Nuovo
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania
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Maglia MG, Lanzafame I, Quattropani MC, Caponnetto P. Love Addiction - Current Diagnostic and Therapeutic Paradigms in Clinical Psychology. (v2). Health Psychol Res 2023; 11:70218. [PMID: 37139461 PMCID: PMC10151124 DOI: 10.52965/001c.70218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We have investigated and analyzed the latest research on love addiction in the fields of clinical psychology, diagnosis, psychotherapy and treatment. Methods From 30 November 2021 to July 2022 a review was conducted aimed at identifying the current diagnostic paradigms associated with this new behavioral dependence, investigating in depth what has not yet emerged, searching for strong and weak correlations with related theoretical constructs, comorbidities, investigate which evaluation scales are currently used and outline a guiding design that allows you to move between current scientific discoveries, searching for relevant studies in the databases PubMed, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), PsycINFO, MDPI, APA, ScienceDirect, and ReserchGate. Results We identified a total of 102 unique articles. Among these, 22 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 5 of these met the eligibility criteria and were, therefore, included in the final systematic review. Conclusions Group psychotherapy has proved to be a valid alternative, in fact the scientific landscape suggests that most group therapies are successful because these dynamics involve the reward and attachment systems in the brain in most subjects. Although there is currently no official classification for this type of addiction, the continuing interests of clinical psychology open up new scenarios for achieving greater psychophysical well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Giovanna Maglia
- DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES, SECTION OF PSYCHOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF CATANIA, 95124 CATANIA, ITALY
- CENTER OF EXCELLENCE FOR THE ACCELERATION OF HARM REDUCTION (COEHAR), UNIVERSITY OF CATANIA, 95123 CATANIA, ITALY
| | - Ines Lanzafame
- DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES, SECTION OF PSYCHOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF CATANIA, 95124 CATANIA, ITALY
- CENTER OF EXCELLENCE FOR THE ACCELERATION OF HARM REDUCTION (COEHAR), UNIVERSITY OF CATANIA, 95123 CATANIA, ITALY
| | - Maria C Quattropani
- DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES, SECTION OF PSYCHOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF CATANIA, 95124 CATANIA, ITALY
- CENTER OF EXCELLENCE FOR THE ACCELERATION OF HARM REDUCTION (COEHAR), UNIVERSITY OF CATANIA, 95123 CATANIA, ITALY
| | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES, SECTION OF PSYCHOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF CATANIA, 95124 CATANIA, ITALY
- CENTER OF EXCELLENCE FOR THE ACCELERATION OF HARM REDUCTION (COEHAR), UNIVERSITY OF CATANIA, 95123 CATANIA, ITALY
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Caponnetto P, Maglia M, Mangione M, Vergopia C, Prezzavento GC, Polosa R, Quattropani MC, DiPiazza J, Signorelli MS. Smoking Addiction in Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Its Perception and Intervention in Healthcare Personnel Assigned to Psycho-Rehabilitation Programs: A Qualitative Research. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:2275. [PMID: 36421599 PMCID: PMC9690727 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders have a higher prevalence and frequency of smoking rates when compared to the rest of the population; to this, it must be added that they develop a greater dependence and have some worse health consequences than the general population. This is qualitative research on the perception of smoking in healthcare professionals assigned to psycho-rehabilitation programs for patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The point of view of health personnel (Psychologists, Psychiatrists, Pedagogists, and Nurses) about cigarette smoking in these patients was analyzed, focusing on their implications in disturbance and comparing them with e-cigarettes too. The methodology used to collect the data was a semi-structured interview with five questions. The research path was carried out in two assisted therapeutic communities that are clinics for the rehabilitation of serious mental illness in the period between November and July 2022. The results showed that the opinion of health professionals on smoking is very negative. Research has also shown that nearly all patients are smokers; however, their high grade of addiction is caused by periods of high stress due to various factors that lead patients to consume a greater number of cigarettes. Almost all respondents have a positive opinion of the e-cigarette, which was defined as an excellent substitute for traditional cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Marilena Maglia
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
- CTA-Villa Chiara Psychiatric Rehabilitation Clinic and Research, 95030 Mascalucia, Italy
| | - Marta Mangione
- ECLAT Srl, Spin-Off of the University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Vergopia
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Polosa
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Catena Quattropani
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Jennifer DiPiazza
- Hunter Bellevue School of Nursing, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
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23
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Varrasi S, Castellano S, Platania GA, Guerrera CS, Caponnetto P, Pirrone C. "Don't Touch Your Face!" The Contribution of Habit Reversal in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Health Psychol Res 2022; 10:39650. [PMID: 36425226 PMCID: PMC9680863 DOI: 10.52965/001c.39650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Habit Reversal Training (HRT) is a behavioral procedure for treating the so-called nervous habits, such as nail biting, hair pulling and thumb sucking. In addition to being an established clinical procedure, HRT is also a strategy for behavioral change that can serve the entire community. For this reason, this review aims to explore the studies proposing the use of HRT for the reduction of hand-to-face habits in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Touching one's nose, mouth and eyes, indeed, is one of the means of virus transmission that many awareness campaigns seek to highlight. After an overview of how HRT works and of the current epidemiological situation, studies supporting Habit Reversal Training for the reduction of risky hand-to-face habits are presented. The possible strategies are then exposed and critically discussed to identify their limitations and propose a new version according to the Relational Frame Theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Varrasi
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Music therapy is a discipline that makes use of music, active or passive, to produce beneficial effects on the psyche of subjects. The field of use of music therapy has recently been broadened with the introduction of music therapy interventions to treat various problems, such as anxiety and stress, arising from pre- and post-operative psychophysical conditions. This review aims to examine the use of music therapy and its outcomes in the context of surgery in recent years. METHODS The main procedure was to search for studies on various scientific platforms such as PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO and CINAHL.Many studies pertaining to the topic in question were examined and from the variety of articles available, thirty-four were selected that fully reflected the focus of this review. CONCLUSIONS The use of music therapy is still little exploited in hospital conditions such as the one reported in this review, but despite its reduced use compared to other treatments, it has proved to be an effective technique for reducing anxiety and stress prior to surgery and for improving psychophysical conditions following surgery. Above all, the absence of side effects is emphasised since it is a nonpharmacological treatment. Further research is needed for additional confirmation of the effectiveness of music therapy mainly because this method is still being explored worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center of Excellence for the acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania
| | - Gaia LaMattina
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania
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Caponnetto P, Campagna D, Maglia M, Benfatto F, Emma R, Caruso M, Caci G, Busà B, Pennisi A, Ceracchi M, Migliore M, Signorelli M. Comparing Effectiveness, tolerability, and Acceptability of Heated Tobacco ProductS vs. refillable Electronic cigarettes For cIgaREttes substitution: CEASEFIRE randomized controlled trial (Preprint). JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 9:e42628. [PMID: 37014673 PMCID: PMC10131829 DOI: 10.2196/42628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People who smoke and who face challenges trying to quit or wish to continue to smoke may benefit by switching from traditional cigarettes to noncombustible nicotine delivery alternatives, such as heated tobacco products (HTPs) and electronic cigarettes (ECs). HTPs and ECs are being increasingly used to quit smoking, but there are limited data about their effectiveness. OBJECTIVE We conducted the first randomized controlled trial comparing quit rates between HTPs and ECs among people who smoke and do not intend to quit. METHODS We conducted a 12-week randomized noninferiority switching trial to compare effectiveness, tolerability, and product satisfaction between HTPs (IQOS 2.4 Plus) and refillable ECs (JustFog Q16) among people who do not intend to quit. The cessation intervention included motivational counseling. The primary endpoint of the study was the carbon monoxide-confirmed continuous abstinence rate from week 4 to week 12 (CAR weeks 4-12). The secondary endpoints included the continuous self-reported ≥50% reduction in cigarette consumption rate (continuous reduction rate) from week 4 to week 12 (CRR weeks 4-12) and 7-day point prevalence of smoking abstinence. RESULTS A total of 211 participants completed the study. High quit rates (CAR weeks 4-12) of 39.1% (43/110) and 30.8% (33/107) were observed for IQOS-HTP and JustFog-EC, respectively. The between-group difference for the CAR weeks 4-12 was not significant (P=.20). The CRR weeks 4-12 values for IQOS-HTP and JustFog-EC were 46.4% (51/110) and 39.3% (42/107), respectively, and the between-group difference was not significant (P=.24). At week 12, the 7-day point prevalence of smoking abstinence values for IQOS-HTP and JustFog-EC were 54.5% (60/110) and 41.1% (44/107), respectively. The most frequent adverse events were cough and reduced physical fitness. Both study products elicited a moderately pleasant user experience, and the between-group difference was not significant. A clinically relevant improvement in exercise tolerance was observed after switching to the combustion-free products under investigation. Risk perception for conventional cigarettes was consistently higher than that for the combustion-free study products under investigation. CONCLUSIONS Switching to HTPs elicited a marked reduction in cigarette consumption among people who smoke and do not intend to quit, which was comparable to refillable ECs. User experience and risk perception were similar between the HTPs and ECs under investigation. HTPs may be a useful addition to the arsenal of reduced-risk alternatives for tobacco cigarettes and may contribute to smoking cessation. However, longer follow-up studies are required to confirm significant and prolonged abstinence from smoking and to determine whether our results can be generalized outside smoking cessation services offering high levels of support. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03569748; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03569748.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Caponnetto
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Davide Campagna
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Eclat Spin off srl, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Unità Operativa Complessa Medicina Accettazione Urgenza, University Teaching Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Rosalia Emma
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Caruso
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia Caci
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Barbara Busà
- Dipartimento Emergenza-Urgenza, Farmacia presidio ospedaliero centro Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale e di Alta Specializzazione Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Alfio Pennisi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Clinics "Musumeci-Gecas", Catania, Italy
| | | | - Marcello Migliore
- Department of Surgery and Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery and New Technology, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Signorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Polosa R, Morjaria JB, Prosperini U, Busà B, Pennisi A, Gussoni G, Rust S, Maglia M, Caponnetto P. Correction to: Health outcomes in COPD smokers using heated tobacco products: a 3-year follow-up. Intern Emerg Med 2022; 17:1849. [PMID: 35771359 PMCID: PMC9463229 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-022-03043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Polosa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital "Policlinico-V. Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), Università di Catania, Catania, Italy.
- UOC Medicina Interna e Urgenza, AOU "Policlinico-V. Emanuele-San Marco", Via S. Sofia, 78-Ed. 4, p. 2, Stanza 78, 95100, Catania, Italy.
| | - Jaymin B Morjaria
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital Foundation Trust, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, UK
| | | | - Barbara Busà
- UOC Farmacia Ospedaliera, Hospital ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Alfio Pennisi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Clinics "Musumeci-Gecas", Catania, Italy
| | - Gualberto Gussoni
- Department for Clinical Research "Centro Studi" FADOI (Scientific Society of Internal Medicine), Milan, Italy
| | - Sonja Rust
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marilena Maglia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital "Policlinico-V. Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital "Policlinico-V. Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
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Capodicasa G, Caponnetto P, Polosa R, Calogero AE. "Association of E-Cigarettes With Erectile Dysfunction: The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study". Am J Prev Med 2022; 63:e103-e104. [PMID: 35644683 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Capodicasa
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Section Psychology, Department of Educational Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Section Psychology, Department of Educational Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Russo C, Walicka M, Caponnetto P, Cibella F, Maglia M, Alamo A, Campagna D, Frittitta L, Di Mauro M, Caci G, Krysinski A, Franek E, Polosa R. Efficacy and Safety of Varenicline for Smoking Cessation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2217709. [PMID: 35727580 PMCID: PMC9214580 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.17709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Evidence of effective smoking cessation interventions in patients with diabetes is limited. The unique behavioral and metabolic characteristics of smokers with type 2 diabetes warrants a randomized clinical trial of the smoking cessation drug varenicline. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of varenicline in patients with type 2 diabetes with an intention to quit smoking. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial recruited patients from 6 outpatient clinics in 5 hospitals in Catania, Italy. Patients with type 2 diabetes, who were smoking at least 10 cigarettes a day, and who intended to quit smoking were screened for eligibility. Eligible patients were randomized to either varenicline or placebo treatment. The trial consisted of a 12-week treatment phase followed by a 40-week follow-up, nontreatment phase. Intention-to-treat data analysis was performed from December 2020 to April 2021. INTERVENTIONS Varenicline, 1 mg, twice daily or matched placebo administered for 12 weeks. Patients in both treatment groups also received smoking cessation counseling. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary efficacy end point of the study was the continuous abstinence rate (CAR) at weeks 9 to 24. Secondary efficacy end points were the CAR at weeks 9 to 12 and weeks 9 to 52 as well as 7-day point prevalence of abstinence at weeks 12, 24, and 52. RESULTS A total of 300 patients (mean [SD] age, 57.4 [0.8] years; 117 men [78.0%] in varenicline group and 119 men [79.3%] in placebo group) were randomized to receive varenicline (n = 150) or placebo (n = 150). The CAR at weeks 9 to 24 was significantly higher for the varenicline than placebo group (24.0% vs 6.0%; odds ratio [OR], 4.95; 95% CI, 2.29-10.70; P < .001). The CARs at weeks 9 to 12 (31.3% vs 7.3%; OR, 5.77; 95% CI, 2.85-11.66; P < .001) and weeks 9 to 52 (18.7% vs 5.3%; OR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.79-9.27; P < .001) as well as the 7-day point prevalence of abstinence at weeks 12, 24, and 52 were also significantly higher for the varenicline vs placebo group. The most frequent adverse events occurring in the varenicline group compared with the placebo group were nausea (41 [27.3%] vs 17 [11.4%]), insomnia (29 [19.4%] vs 19 [12.7%]), abnormal dreams (19 [12.7%] vs 5 [3.4%]), anxiety (17 [11.4%] vs 11 [7.3%]), and irritability (14 [9.4%] vs 8 [5.4%]). Serious adverse events were infrequent in both groups and not treatment-related. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Results of this trial showed that inclusion of varenicline in a smoking cessation program is efficacious in achieving long-term abstinence without serious adverse events. Varenicline should be routinely used in diabetes education programs to help patients with type 2 diabetes stop smoking. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01387425.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Russo
- Ambulatorio di Diabetologia, Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Medicina Interna E D'Urgenza, Policlinico Universitario, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) Policlinico-G. Rodolico-San Marco, Catania, Italy
| | - Magdalena Walicka
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior (MSWIA), Warsaw, Poland
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università Di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Centro per la Prevenzione e Cura del Tabagismo, AOU Policlinico-G. Rodolico-San Marco, dell'Università Di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Cibella
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marilena Maglia
- Centro per la Prevenzione e Cura del Tabagismo, AOU Policlinico-G. Rodolico-San Marco, dell'Università Di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Alamo
- Centro Diabetologico, UOC Andrologia Ed Endocrinologia, Policlinico Universitario, AOU, Catania, Italy
| | - Davide Campagna
- Ambulatorio di Diabetologia, Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Medicina Interna E D'Urgenza, Policlinico Universitario, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) Policlinico-G. Rodolico-San Marco, Catania, Italy
- UOC Medicina e Chirurgia d'Accettazione e Urgenza, University Teaching Hospital, G. Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Frittitta
- Centro per il Diabete e l'Obesità, UOC Endocrinologia, Ospedale Garibaldi Nesima, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale e di Alta Specializzazione Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Sperimentale, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maurizio Di Mauro
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Sperimentale, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Ambulatorio di Diabetologia, Ospedale V. Emanuele, AOU Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia Caci
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Arkadiusz Krysinski
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior (MSWIA), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edward Franek
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior (MSWIA), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Ambulatorio di Diabetologia, Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Medicina Interna E D'Urgenza, Policlinico Universitario, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) Policlinico-G. Rodolico-San Marco, Catania, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università Di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Centro per la Prevenzione e Cura del Tabagismo, AOU Policlinico-G. Rodolico-San Marco, dell'Università Di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Sperimentale, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- ECLAT Srl, Spin-off of the University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Caponnetto P, Casu M. Update on Cyber Health Psychology: Virtual Reality and Mobile Health Tools in Psychotherapy, Clinical Rehabilitation, and Addiction Treatment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19063516. [PMID: 35329201 PMCID: PMC8955341 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: we investigated and analyzed the most recent implementations of technology in the fields of psychotherapy, clinical rehabilitation, and addiction treatment. (2) Methods: from December 2021 to January 2022, we conducted a review aimed at identifying the recent implementations of technology in cyber health psychology, with particular reference to Virtual Reality in psychotherapy, mHealth tools in clinical rehabilitation, and smartphone applications in the treatment of addiction to substances of abuse, searching for relevant studies in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Health & Medical Collection, and APA PsycArticles. (3) Results: the tools analyzed are in constant development and are increasingly used, with good results, and further technological progress could lead to even better treatment outcomes; as far as mHealth tools and smartphone applications are concerned, anti-smoking Apps are the most widespread, followed by those for the treatment of alcohol use disorder, and there is no presence of Apps for the treatment of heroin, cocaine, or crack addiction. (4) Conclusions: the results of the review indicate that these technological tools are increasingly used and are, in principle, effective and have numerous advantages, including low cost and versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center for Tobacco Prevention and Treatment, University Hospital “Policlinico G.Rodolico-San Marco”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Mirko Casu
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (M.C.)
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Caponnetto P, Maglia M, Prezzavento GC, Pirrone C. Sexual Addiction, Hypersexual Behavior and Relative Psychological Dynamics during the Period of Social Distancing and Stay-at-Home Policies Due to COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:2704. [PMID: 35270395 PMCID: PMC8910026 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, increased stress factors affected people's motivations to engage in potentially addictive behaviors. Sexuality, understood as one of the psychological aspects to be investigated to explore the level of psychological well-being of a person, has suffered considerable repercussions due to the pandemic. A growing body of evidence suggests an unprecedented increase in Internet use and online pornography consumption during the pandemic. Since March 2020, during the lockdown period, Pornhub has seen a worldwide increase in pornography use of 11.6% compared to the previous average days. This research was conducted with the aim of exploring the possible increasing use of pornographic material during the lockdown period, in order to assess whether dysfunctional behaviors, such as compulsive behaviors, and thoughts of sex-related obsessives can lead to hypersexual behavior or a more severe Sexual Addiction. The individuals who participated in our research were 18 years of age or older (mean 23.1, s.d. 5.8), and 48% male and 52% females and were recruited online to complete a self-report questionnaire in the period between April 2020 and April 2021. The questionnaires were delivered via main social networks. The tool used for our survey was the SAST (Sexual Addiction Screening Test), a questionnaire including socio-demographic data and data relating to sexual practices, such as sexual orientation and time spent on the Internet for sexual activities. The results revealed significant differences concerning the various factors investigated such as loss of control, addictive symptoms and hide score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy; (P.C.); (G.C.P.); (C.P.)
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
- CTA—Villa Chiara Psychiatric Rehabilitation Clinic and Research, 95030 Mascalucia, Italy
| | - Marilena Maglia
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy; (P.C.); (G.C.P.); (C.P.)
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
- CTA—Villa Chiara Psychiatric Rehabilitation Clinic and Research, 95030 Mascalucia, Italy
| | | | - Concetta Pirrone
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy; (P.C.); (G.C.P.); (C.P.)
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Caponnetto P, Emma R, Benfatto F, Ferlito S, Gulino A, Maniaci A, Lechien JR, Ingrassia A, Cocuzza S, Polosa R. Saccharin test: Methodological validation and systematic review of the literature. Ear Nose Throat J 2021:1455613211064044. [PMID: 34915769 DOI: 10.1177/01455613211064044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Saccharin test (ST) is a convenient method to assess the efficiency of mucociliary clearance, the primary defense mechanism of the upper airways' tract. The study objectives are to: (1) substantiate its short- (3 days) and long-term (30 days) repeatability; (2) assess its tolerability; (3) conduct a systematic literature review and to compare our results with the existing evidence. METHODS Twenty-nine healthy subjects were enrolled in an observational prospective study to perform an ST on three separate visits (at baseline; at follow-up visits at day 3 and at day 30). Transit times were recorded and self-reported nasal and general symptoms noted. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to compare our results with the existing literature. RESULTS The mean values (±SD) of ST transit time (STTT) were 7.085 (±2.19), 7.788 (±2.11), and 7.790 (±2.06) minutes at baseline, day 3, and day 30, respectively. Significant linear regression analysis was observed between day 3 and baseline (r = .193; P = .019) and day 30 and baseline (r = .182 P = .024). Significant agreement for the intrasession repeatability was observed with an ICC = .354 (P = .001). Outcomes' comparisons between baseline vs day 3 (P = .197) and baseline vs day 30 (P = .173) were not statistically significant. ST was well tolerated. Concordance with existing literature's data and high level of STTT repeatability were confirmed by the qualitative analysis. CONCLUSION STTT reproducibility was good both in the short- and long-term. ST tolerability was very good. Our study data are consistent with the existing literature, indicating ST as a sound methodology for detection of early respiratory health changes and for specific regulatory application in respiratory research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Caponnetto
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital "Policlinico - V. Emanuele", 9298University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), 9298University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalia Emma
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital "Policlinico - V. Emanuele", 9298University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), 9298University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Benfatto
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital "Policlinico - V. Emanuele", 9298University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ferlito
- Department of Medical Science, Surgical Science and Advanced Technologies "G.F, Ingrassia", 9298University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gulino
- Department of Medical Science, Surgical Science and Advanced Technologies "G.F, Ingrassia", 9298University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonino Maniaci
- Department of Medical Science, Surgical Science and Advanced Technologies "G.F, Ingrassia", 9298University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Jerome R Lechien
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, 54521University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium
| | - Angelo Ingrassia
- Department of Medical Science, Surgical Science and Advanced Technologies "G.F, Ingrassia", 9298University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cocuzza
- Department of Medical Science, Surgical Science and Advanced Technologies "G.F, Ingrassia", 9298University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital "Policlinico - V. Emanuele", 9298University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), 9298University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Caponnetto P, Triscari S, Maglia M, Quattropani MC. The Simulation Game-Virtual Reality Therapy for the Treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182413209. [PMID: 34948817 PMCID: PMC8701873 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: With the term Virtual reality (VR) we refer to a three-dimensional environment generated by the computer, in which subjects interact with the environment as if they were really inside it. The most used VR tools are the so-called HMD (head-mounted display) which make it possible to achieve what theorists define "direct mediated action". The aim of our systematic review is specifically to investigate the applications of virtual reality therapy for the treatment of social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia. The most common treatment for social anxiety disorder is represented by "in vivo exposure therapy" (iVET). This method consists of exposing the participant, in a gradual and controlled way, to anxious stimuli, with the goal to change the subject's response to the object or situation that is causing the fear. However, the main flaw of "in Vivo therapies" is represented by both the huge costs involved and the possible disturbance variables that can hinder the execution of the therapeutic treatment. Virtual reality exposure therapy could therefore, if confirmed in its effectiveness, constitute a solution to eliminate these two defects demonstrated by "in vivo exposure therapy". The goal is to use VR as a means for the clinician to build a tailor-made path for the participant in order to make him acquire "in virtual" those skills necessary for a good adaptation in the "real" world. (2) Methods: From February 2021 until the date of submission of the article (September 2021), we conducted a systematic review aiming to verify the effectiveness of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) for the treatment of SAD. (3) Results: We identified a total of 205 unique articles. Among these, 20 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 5 of these met the eligibility criteria and were, therefore, included in the final systematic review. (4) Conclusions: Virtual reality therapies proved to be a valid alternative to the acquisition of social skills suitable for improving the symptoms of SAD. Although there has not been a significant difference between VRET and iVET, the low costs and flexibility of VRET open up new scenarios for achieving greater psychophysical well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (S.T.); (M.C.Q.)
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- CTA-Villa Chiara Psychiatric Rehabilitation Clinic and Research, 95030 Mascalucia, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Sergio Triscari
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (S.T.); (M.C.Q.)
| | - Marilena Maglia
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (S.T.); (M.C.Q.)
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- CTA-Villa Chiara Psychiatric Rehabilitation Clinic and Research, 95030 Mascalucia, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria C. Quattropani
- Department of Educational Sciences, Section of Psychology, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (S.T.); (M.C.Q.)
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Maglia M, Corello G, Caponnetto P. Evaluation of the Effects of Telepsychotherapy in the Treatment and Prevention of Eating Disorders in Adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:12573. [PMID: 34886298 PMCID: PMC8657218 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
According to the WHO definition, "telemedicine is the provision of health services, where distance is a critical factor, by all health professionals who use information and communication technologies for the exchange of valid information for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases, research and evaluation, and for the continuous training of health professionals, all in the interest of advancing the health of individuals and their communities". The purpose of our review work is specifically to investigate the effects of telemedicine in the treatment and prevention of eating disorders in adolescents. From June 2021 to (September 2021) in the databases of the Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINHAL, using search terms such as telehealth, eating disorder, adolescents, Internet/online treatments CBT and FB-T, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. The articles resulting from the search phases in the databases listed above produced a total of 176 items. Once the procedures for selecting the works were completed, only four studies were included in the review. Modern e-health psychological approaches in the treatment of eating disorders provide potential bases of continuous assistance that are decidedly less burdensome in the costs of territorial services in the case that they are not identified as necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Maglia
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- CTA-Villa Chiara Psychiatric Rehabilitation Clinic and Research, 95030 Mascalucia, Italy;
| | - Graziana Corello
- CTA-Villa Chiara Psychiatric Rehabilitation Clinic and Research, 95030 Mascalucia, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- CTA-Villa Chiara Psychiatric Rehabilitation Clinic and Research, 95030 Mascalucia, Italy;
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Maglia M, Caponnetto P, Polosa R, Russo C, Santisi G. Impact of a soft tip nicotine-free harmless cigarette as part of a smoking cessation program with psychological support and varenicline: an integrated workplace smoking cessation intervention. Health Psychol Res 2021; 9:24506. [PMID: 34746480 DOI: 10.52965/001c.24506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette consumption in the general population has shown a sustained decline over the past 20 years, but despite this, it is essential to monitor consumption among smokers at their workplace. There is an association between cigarette addiction and work-related stressors, with high prevalence rates for smokers, at least double those of other adults. This two-group randomized clinical trial compared the 12-week combined effect of psychological support and varenicline associated with the use or not of a nicotine-free inhaler with a soft mouthpiece (QuitGo™) on the 4 to 24-week cessation rate in enrolled smokers to a smoking cessation program promoted by our research group. The results of the logistic model analysis showed that the likelihood of quitting successfully at week 24 was significantly higher in the QuitGO™ group than in the control group for participants with high behavioral dependence as assessed by Glover-Nilsson Smoking Behavioral Questionnaire-GN-SBQ (OR = 8.55; CI at 95% = 1.75-43.20). The data presented suggest that the soft tip nicotine-free harmless cigarette may be helpful for smokers and those with work-related stress symptoms who recognize the need to have a gesture in the traditional cigarette smoking ritual.
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Russo C, Caponnetto P, Cibella F, Maglia M, Alamo A, Campagna D, Frittitta L, Di Mauro M, Leotta C, Mondati E, Krysiński A, Franek E, Polosa R. A double blind randomized controlled trial investigating efficacy and safety of varenicline for smoking cessation in patients with type 2 diabetes: study protocol. Intern Emerg Med 2021; 16:1823-1839. [PMID: 33735416 PMCID: PMC8502165 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-021-02684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reducing exposure to cigarette smoke is an imperative for public health and for diabetic patients. Patients with diabetes who continue to smoke face challenges at quitting and the delivery of effective smoking cessation interventions is a major unmet need. The high-affinity α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist varenicline in combination with counseling is effective for smoking cessation, but evidence in patients with diabetes is limited. A clinical trial of varenicline targeted specifically at smokers with T2DM is warranted. This randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial will be the first study to test efficacy and safety of varenicline in smokers with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) over the course of 52 weeks. We hypothesize that varenicline treatment (1 mg BID, administered for 12 weeks) would increase quit rates, maintain smoking abstinence up to 1 year after treatment, and be well-tolerated in T2DM smokers intending to quit. Efficacy end points will include carbon monoxide-confirmed continuous abstinence rate (CAR) and 7-day point prevalence of abstinence. The results of this RCT will help inform medical/health authorities and physicians worldwide whether an optimally varenicline-treated cohort of T2DM patients who smoke will experience significant success rates, without significant side effects.Trial registration NCT01387425 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01387425 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Russo
- Ambulatorio Di Diabetologia, UOC Medicina Interna E D'Urgenza, Policlinico Universitario, AOU "Policlinico-V. Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - P Caponnetto
- Centro Per La Prevenzione E Cura del Tabagismo (CPCT), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-V.Emanuele" Dell'Università Di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - F Cibella
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Maglia
- Centro Per La Prevenzione E Cura del Tabagismo (CPCT), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-V.Emanuele" Dell'Università Di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - A Alamo
- Centro Diabetologico - UOC Andrologia Ed Endocrinologia, Policlinico Universitario, AOU "Policlinico-V. Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - D Campagna
- Ambulatorio Di Diabetologia, UOC Medicina Interna E D'Urgenza, Policlinico Universitario, AOU "Policlinico-V. Emanuele", Catania, Italy
- UOC MCAU, University Teaching Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - L Frittitta
- Centro Per Il Diabete E L'Obesità - UOC Endocrinologia, Ospedale Garibaldi Nesima, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Sperimentale, Università Di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Di Mauro
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Sperimentale, Università Di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Ambulatorio Di Diabetologia, Ospedale V. Emanuele, AOU "Policlinico-V. Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - C Leotta
- Ambulatorio Di Diabetologia - UOC Geriatria, Ospedale Cannizzaro, Catania, Italy
| | - E Mondati
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Sperimentale, Università Di Catania, Catania, Italy
- UOS Sorveglianza Delle Complicanze Delle Malattie Metaboliche, Ospedale S. Marta, AOU "Policlinico-V. Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - A Krysiński
- Mossakowski Clinical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Central Clinical Hospital MSWiA, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Franek
- Mossakowski Clinical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Central Clinical Hospital MSWiA, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Polosa
- Ambulatorio Di Diabetologia, UOC Medicina Interna E D'Urgenza, Policlinico Universitario, AOU "Policlinico-V. Emanuele", Catania, Italy.
- Centro Per La Prevenzione E Cura del Tabagismo (CPCT), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-V.Emanuele" Dell'Università Di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Sperimentale, Università Di Catania, Catania, Italy.
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36
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Platania S, Caponnetto P, Morando M, Maglia M, Auditore R, Santisi G. Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of the Italian Version of the Job Satisfaction Scale. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2021; 11:1073-1087. [PMID: 34563093 PMCID: PMC8544194 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe11030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The JSS is based on the theoretical position that job satisfaction represented an affective or attitudinal reaction to a job, and today is one of the most popular instruments used in I-O psychology. This paper discusses the contribution to the validation of an Italian adaptation of the Job Satisfaction Survey. Five hundred and twenty-seven participants (258 men, 269 women) were enrolled to participate in this study, aged between 19 and 65 (Mage = 36.0, SD = 11.7). The sample mostly worked in public administration, in health care, and in the educational sector. A self-report questionnaire is used to investigate the psychometric properties of this scale, also measuring other variables. A back-translation procedure is used. The results pinpointed the goodness of the scale and the normality distribution. Confirmative factor analyses and multigroup confirmative factor analyses were performed to verify the factorial structure of the scale. The results confirmed the same factorial structure of the original version, suggesting a nine higher-order factor structure. The results from the multigroup confirmatory factor analysis showed that this factor solution was invariant across gender (men vs. women) and found evidence for metric invariance, uniqueness invariance, and scalar and structural invariance. The findings confirmed the applicability in the Italian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Platania
- Section Psychology, Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (P.C.); (M.M.)
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Morando
- Section Psychology, Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Marilena Maglia
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (P.C.); (M.M.)
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta Auditore
- CTA Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Research, 95030 Mascalucia, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Santisi
- Section Psychology, Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (G.S.)
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Polosa R, Emma R, Cibella F, Caruso M, Conte G, Benfatto F, Ferlito S, Gulino A, Malerba M, Caponnetto P. Impact of exclusive e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products use on muco-ciliary clearance. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021; 12:20406223211035267. [PMID: 34422253 PMCID: PMC8371723 DOI: 10.1177/20406223211035267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tobacco smoking impairs mucociliary clearance (MCC) efficiency as shown by
prolonged saccharin test transit time (STTT). Avoiding exposure to tobacco
smoke from combustible cigarettes may restore MCC function and former
smokers have been shown to exhibit similar STTT as never smokers. The impact
on STTT of switching from smoking to combustion-free tobacco products such
as e-cigarettes (ECs) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) is not known. Methods: We report STTT of exclusive EC and HTP users. Test results were compared with
those obtained in current, former, and never smokers. Results: STTT were obtained from 39 current, 40 former, 40 never smokers, and from 20
EC and 20 HTP users. Comparison of STTT values showed significant difference
among the five study groups (p < 0.00001) with current
smokers having a median [interquartile range (IQR)] STTT of 13.15 min, which
was significantly longer compared with that of all other study groups. In
particular, compared with former (7.26 min) and never smokers (7.24 min),
exclusive EC users and exclusive HTP users had similar STTT at 7.00 and
8.00 min, respectively. Conclusion: Former smokers who have switched to exclusive regular use of combustion-free
nicotine delivery systems (i.e., ECs and HTPs) exhibit similar saccharin
transit time as never and former smokers. This suggests that combustion-free
nicotine delivery technologies are unlikely to have detrimental effects on
MCC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Polosa
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital Policlinico - V. Emanuele, University of Catania, Catania, Italy Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Italy Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - R Emma
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital Policlinico - V. Emanuele, University of Catania, Catania, Italy, Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - F Cibella
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Caruso
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital Policlinico - V. Emanuele, University of Catania, Catania, Italy, Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Conte
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital Policlinico - V. Emanuele, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - F Benfatto
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital Policlinico - V. Emanuele, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - S Ferlito
- Department of Medical Science, Surgical Science and advanced Technologies G.F, Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Gulino
- Department of Medical Science, Surgical Science and advanced Technologies G.F, Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Malerba
- Translational Medicine Department, Eastern Piedmont University (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - P Caponnetto
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital Policlinico - V. Emanuele, University of Catania, Catania, Italy, Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Surace T, Fusar-Poli L, Vozza L, Cavone V, Arcidiacono C, Mammano R, Basile L, Rodolico A, Bisicchia P, Caponnetto P, Signorelli MS, Aguglia E. Lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors in gender non-conforming youths: a meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:1147-1161. [PMID: 32170434 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Gender identity represents a topic of growing interest in mental health research. People with non-conforming gender identity are prone to suffer from stigmatization and bullying and often present psychiatric issues, which may in turn lead to a high prevalence of suicidal ideation and behaviors. The present meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors in gender non-conforming children, adolescents and young adults. A systematic search was performed in Web of Science and PsycINFO from inception to December 2018. We selected cross-sectional and cohort studies including youths (up to 25 years) with a diagnosis confirmed by a clinician according to international classifications, or after a direct interview with a peer. A random-effects meta-analysis was computed for the following outcomes: non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Overall, we found a mean prevalence of NSSI of 28.2% (9 studies, 3057 participants, 95% CI 14.8-47.1). A similar prevalence (28%) was found for suicidal ideation (6 studies, 2249 participants, 95% CI 15-46.3), while the prevalence of suicide attempts was 14.8% (5 studies, 1039 participants, 95% CI 7.8-26.3). Subgroup analyses revealed no significant differences according to biological sex. Given the prevalence of suicidal behaviors in gender non-conforming youths, it appears desirable to implement therapeutic and support strategies for this population. Moreover, educational interventions directed to parents, teachers, mental health professionals and general community should be promoted to struggle against stigma and social isolation, factors that may contribute to increasing the risk of suicidal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Surace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Laura Fusar-Poli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Vozza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Vito Cavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Arcidiacono
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Rossella Mammano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Basile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rodolico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Pablo Bisicchia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Salvina Signorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Eugenio Aguglia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
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Caponnetto P, Gervasi FF, Maglia M. Sexting: a potential addiction or an adaptive behavior to COVID-19 social distancing and stay-at-home policies? A qualitative study. J Addict Dis 2021; 40:84-91. [PMID: 34196603 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.1932250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the early 2020s, the world was challenged by the COVID-19 emergency. Due to the dangerousness of the virus, the main intent of each country involved was to limit the diffusion in order to contain the damage caused by the pandemic. An aspect that has been deeply changed by self-isolation -used as a measure of containment of the virus- is related to sexuality. A practice that assumes importance in this sense is sexting, i.e., the act of sending/receiving sexually explicit messages, photos or videos via device. This practice allows a certain level of intimate behavior while eliminating the possibility of contagion. This study aims - through a qualitative survey - to investigate whether sexting is perceived as a potential addiction or adaptive sexual behavior to social distancing and lockdown policies by COVID-19. In order to do this, 37 subjects aged between 19 and 39 years were recruited - through probability sampling. We used the semi-structured interview method and then, through thematic analysis of the interviews, it emerged that, according to our sample, sexting was perceived to be more of an addiction than an adaptive behavior; despite this, it is possible that the practice of sexting has changed with the current societal situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Italy.,Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, Italy.,CTA-Villa Chiara Psychiatric Rehabilitation Clinic and Research, Mascalucia, Italy
| | | | - Marilena Maglia
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Italy.,Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, Italy.,CTA-Villa Chiara Psychiatric Rehabilitation Clinic and Research, Mascalucia, Italy
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40
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Krysinski A, Russo C, John S, Belsey JD, Campagna D, Caponnetto P, Vudu L, Lim CW, Purrello F, Di Mauro M, Iqbal F, Fluck D, Franek E, Polosa R, Sharma P. International randomised controlled trial evaluating metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic cigarette smokers following switching to combustion-free nicotine delivery systems: the DIASMOKE protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045396. [PMID: 33906842 PMCID: PMC8088261 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reducing exposure to cigarette smoke is an imperative for public health and for patients with diabetes. Increasingly, combustion-free nicotine delivery systems (C-F NDS) such as e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products are substituting conventional cigarettes and accelerating the downward trends in smoking prevalence. However, there is limited information about the long-term health impact in patients with diabetes who use C-F NDS. This randomised trial of type 2 diabetic cigarette smokers will test the hypothesis that following a switch from conventional cigarettes to C-F NDS a measurable improvement in metabolic syndrome (MetS) factors will be shown over the course of 2 years. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study is multicentre and thus will take place in five locations in four countries in an ambulatory setting. A total of 576 patients with diabetes will be randomised (1:2 ratio) to either a control arm (Study Arm A), in which they will be offered referral to smoking cessation programmes or to an intervention arm (Study Arm B) assigned to C-F NDS use. Participants will be at least 23 years old and of any gender. Patient recruitment will start in February 2021 and is expected to be completed by December 2021. Primary outcome measures include fasting plasma glucose, blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein and waist circumference, while secondary feature absolute change in the sum of the individual factors of MetS and change in each individual factor of MetS measured at each study time point. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The approval of research ethics committee (REC) regarding the trial protocol, informed consent forms and other relevant documents is required to commence the study. Substantial amendments to the study protocol cannot be implemented until the REC grants a favourable opinion. The results of the study are intended to be published as articles in high quality peer-reviewed journals and disseminated through conference papers. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04231838. Pre-results stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Krysinski
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology and Diabetology, CK MSW, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Cristina Russo
- Ashford and Saint Peter's Hospitals NHS Trust, Chertsey, Surrey, UK
| | - Sarah John
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | | | - Davide Campagna
- U O C. MCAU, University Teaching Hospital 'Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele', University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Centro per la Prevenzione e Cura del Tabagismo (CPCT), Universita degli Studi di Catania Scuola di Facolta di Medicina, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Lorina Vudu
- Endocrinology, Nicolae Testemitanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Chisinau, The Republic of Moldova
| | - Chong Wei Lim
- Ashford and Saint Peter's Hospitals NHS Trust, Chertsey, Surrey, UK
| | - Francesco Purrello
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Sicilia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Di Mauro
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Sicilia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Farrukh Iqbal
- The University of Lahore University College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - David Fluck
- Cardiology, Ashford and Saint Peter's Hospitals NHS Trust, Chertsey, Surrey, UK
| | - Edward Franek
- Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology and Diabetology, CK MSW, Warszawa, Poland
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polska Akademia Nauk, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Sicilia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Ashford and Saint Peter's Hospitals NHS Trust, Chertsey, Surrey, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
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41
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Caponnetto P, Benenati A, Maglia MG. Psychopathological Impact and Resilient Scenarios in Inpatient with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Related to Covid Physical Distancing Policies: A Systematic Review. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:bs11040049. [PMID: 33924365 PMCID: PMC8070199 DOI: 10.3390/bs11040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 epidemic posed great challenges to the healthcare community. To contain the epidemiological emergency, confinement measures were instituted, affecting the entire population. The lack of social contact, as well as the disruption of daily life, caused the exacerbation of anxiety and depressive symptoms. The present review of the literature aims to investigate what the effects of the pandemic have been on patients with schizophrenia, hypothesizing, an exacerbation of psychotic symptomatology (positive, negative, disorganized symptoms). Between November 2020 and January 2021, 5353 articles were collected and analyzed from the databases of the ResearchGate, Pubmed, and Psycnet websites, subjected to PRISMA methodology. Of these, 11 were evaluated for eligibility, but only three were included in the study because they met all inclusion criteria. The research did not confirm the expected results, showing that any kind of worsening of schizophrenic symptomatology involved the study samples. However, interesting outcomes were highlighted, such as a significant increase in general well-being during the early period of the pandemic, especially by women, or an increase in CPR (C-reactive Protein) levels in the blood, signaling an inflammatory state. Although the systematic review refuted the initial hypothesis, this must be a starting point: the topic is recent and these findings leave ample room for further investigation, particularly in long-term longitudinal research. It is possible that the true response to this disruption of daily life that occurred only during the past year may manifest itself later in time. On the other hand, interesting outcomes have been brought to light that may provide further interesting research insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Mascalucia, Italy; (A.B.); (M.G.M.)
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, 95100 Mascalucia, Italy
- CTA-Villa Chiara Psychiatric Rehabilitation Clinic and Research, 95100 Mascalucia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandra Benenati
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Mascalucia, Italy; (A.B.); (M.G.M.)
- CTA-Villa Chiara Psychiatric Rehabilitation Clinic and Research, 95100 Mascalucia, Italy
| | - Marilena G. Maglia
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Mascalucia, Italy; (A.B.); (M.G.M.)
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, 95100 Mascalucia, Italy
- CTA-Villa Chiara Psychiatric Rehabilitation Clinic and Research, 95100 Mascalucia, Italy
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42
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Polosa R, Morjaria JB, Prosperini U, Busà B, Pennisi A, Gussoni G, Rust S, Maglia M, Caponnetto P. Health outcomes in COPD smokers using heated tobacco products: a 3-year follow-up. Intern Emerg Med 2021; 16:687-696. [PMID: 33754228 PMCID: PMC8049911 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-021-02674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Given that many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) smoke despite their symptoms, it is important to understand the long-term health impact of cigarette substitution with heated tobacco products (HTPs). We monitored health parameters for 3 years in COPD patients who substantially attenuated or ceased cigarette consumption after switching to HTPs. Changes in daily cigarette smoking, annualized disease exacerbations, lung function indices, patient-reported outcomes (CAT scores) and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) from baseline were measured in COPD patients using HTPs at 12, 24 and 36 months. These were compared to a group of age- and sex-matched COPD patients who continued smoking. Complete data sets were available for 38 patients (19 in each group). Subjects using HTPs had a substantial decrease in annualized COPD exacerbations within the group mean (± SD) from 2.1 (± 0.9) at baseline to 1.4 (± 0.8), 1.2 (± 0.8) and 1.3 (± 0.8) at 12-, 24- and 36-month follow-up (p < 0.05 for all visits). In addition, substantial and clinically significant improvements in CAT scores and 6MWD were identified at all three time points in the HTP cohort. No significant changes were observed in COPD patients who continued smoking. This study is the first to describe the long-term health effects of HTP use in COPD patients. Consistent improvements in respiratory symptoms, exercise tolerance, quality of life, and rate of disease exacerbations were observed in patients with COPD who abstained from smoking or substantially reduced their cigarette consumption by switching to HTP use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Polosa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital "Policlinico-V. Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), Università di Catania, Catania, Italy.
- UOC Medicina Interna e Urgenza, AOU "Policlinico-V. Emanuele-San Marco", Via S. Sofia, 78-Ed. 4, p. 2, Stanza 78, 95100, Catania, Italy.
| | - Jaymin B Morjaria
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital Foundation Trust, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, UK
| | | | - Barbara Busà
- UOC Farmacia Ospedaliera, Hospital ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Alfio Pennisi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Clinics "Musumeci-Gecas", Catania, Italy
| | - Gualberto Gussoni
- Department for Clinical Research "Centro Studi" FADOI (Scientific Society of Internal Medicine), Milan, Italy
| | - Sonja Rust
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marilena Maglia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital "Policlinico-V. Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital "Policlinico-V. Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
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Caponnetto P, DiPiazza J, Kim J, Maglia M, Polosa R. A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Pilot, and Feasibility Study of a High Nicotine Strength E-Cigarette Intervention for Smoking Cessation or Reduction for People With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Who Smoke Cigarettes. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:1113-1122. [PMID: 33723598 PMCID: PMC8186418 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction An estimated 60%–90% of people with schizophrenia smoke, compared with 15%–24% of the general population, exacerbating the already high morbidity and mortality rates observed in this population. Aims and Methods This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using a new-generation high strength nicotine e-cigarette to modify smoking behavior in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who smoke cigarettes. A single-arm pilot study was conducted with 40 adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who smoked and did not intend to reduce or quit smoking. Participants were given a 12-week supply of a JUUL e-cigarette loaded with a 5% nicotine pod. The primary outcome was smoking cessation at week 12. Additional outcomes included: smoking reduction, continuous abstinence at week 24, adoption rate, adherence to the e-cigarette, feasibility, acceptability, and subjective effects. Results Sixteen (40%) participants quit by the end of 12 weeks. For the whole sample, we observed an overall, sustained 50% reduction in smoking or smoking abstinence in 37/40 (92.5%) of participants and an overall 75% reduction in median cigarettes per day from 25 to six was observed by the end of the 12 weeks (p < .001). Conclusions A high strength nicotine e-cigarette has the potential to help people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders to quit or reduce smoking. Further research with a larger sample and a comparator group is needed. The results provide useful information and direction to augment the existing body of knowledge on smoking cessation for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Implications Considering that most people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders continue smoking, alternative and efficient interventions to reduce or prevent morbidity and mortality are urgently needed. This study showed that adults who smoke and were not motivated to quit, when provided a new-generation e-cigarette with high nicotine content, demonstrated substantially decreased cigarette consumption without causing significant side effects. Although not specifically measured in this study, nicotine absorption in new-generation devices has been shown to be consistently superior compared with the first generation of e-cigarette devices, and this may help explain the lower quit rates in studies using earlier generation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Educational Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Faculty of Health Science and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Jennifer DiPiazza
- Hunter Bellevue School of Nursing, Hunter College-City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason Kim
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marilena Maglia
- Centro per la Prevenzione e Cura del Tabagismo (CPCT), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "G.Rodolico-S. Marco", Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Caponnetto P, Inguscio L, Valeri S, Maglia M, Polosa R, Lai C, Mazzoni G. Smartphone addiction across the lifetime during Italian lockdown for COVID-19. J Addict Dis 2021; 39:441-449. [PMID: 33655815 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.1889751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphone misuse, also known as Nomophobia is the fear of not being able to consult your own mobile phone, of not being connected or traceable. During the Italian lockdown caused by COVID-19, while the use of technology was the fundamental basis of adaptation for smart working, school and professional training, leading to a change in the population's lifestyle, smartphone dependency caused impaired social relationships. To date, the impact of smartphone dependency in men and women is unclear. We conducted this study with the hypothesis that a period of lockdown fosters the growth of a pathological use of the cell phone different in women and men. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this work is to investigate gender differences in the level of smartphone dependency in teens and adults during the COVID-19 lockdown period. MATERIAL AND METHODS The NoMobilePhobia-Questionnaire (NMP-Q) was presented online to 1264 participants between the ages of 15 and 67. RESULTS The results show no significant main effects for the two factors taken into account (Gender and Age of participants). However, the significant interaction shows that female participants reported on average higher scores on NMP-Q than males, [F(4,1253) =7.06 and p<.001, observed power close to 1 (0.99) and effect size = 0.03 (ETA partial squared)] for the younger age group (15-44), while for those over the age of 44, the average highest scores were for male participants. CONCLUSIONS One of the "positive" aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic is the use of the Internet and smartphones, and our analysis aimed to document the frequency of use in the Italian context with the NMP-Q. However, we can also conclude that this research is relevant because it can give us a glimpse of the relationship between dependency and mental issues. The results reveal the risk in some of the Italian population of developing forms of smartphone dependency, especially in circumstances that prohibit direct social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucio Inguscio
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Valeri
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilena Maglia
- Department of Educational Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carlo Lai
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Mazzoni
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Caponnetto P, Polosa R. ERRATUM: Tobacco smoking, related harm and motivation to quit smoking in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Health Psychol Res 2020; 8:9607. [PMID: 33553796 PMCID: PMC7859962 DOI: 10.4081/hpr.2020.9607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to an error, dr. Deborah Robson and dr. Linda Bauld were mistakenly included as authors in this article, published in 2020 in Health Psychology Research. DOI: 10.4081/hpr.2019.9042 - PMCID: PMC7267811 - PMID: 32510003).
The correct authorship appears above.
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Bertino G, Ragusa R, Corsaro LS, Frazzetto E, Messina V, Inguscio L, Lai C, Maglia M, Nunnari A, Caponnetto P. Improvement of health-related quality of life and psychological well-being after HCV eradication with direct-acting antiviral agents. Real life setting data of an Italian cohort valued by Hepatitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (HQLQv2). Health Psychol Res 2020; 8:9450. [PMID: 33553794 PMCID: PMC7859961 DOI: 10.4081/hpr.2020.9450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
HCV (Hepatitis C Virus) decreases Health-Related Quality of Life with detriments to physical, mental and social health domains. Interferon and Ribavirin treatment is associated with depression and anxiety that further impairs HRQoL (Health- Related Quality of Life). IFN-free (interferon-free) regimes (Direct Acting Antivirals, DAAs) are safe and highly effective drugs, with improvement also of HRQoL and related Psychological Well-Being. Our aim is to describe how the latest generation IFN-free treatment can change quality of life and related Psychological Well-Being in Italian Chronic Hepatitis C/Cirrhosis affected patients. SF-36v2 (Short Form Health Survey is a 36-item, patient-reported survey of patient health) – HQLQv2 (Hepatitis Quality of Life Questionnaire) was administered at two time points: baseline (n=72) and 12 weeks after the end of therapy [n=72, SVR=72 - Sustained Virologic Response (SVR)]. Patients with chronic HCV undergoing DAAs treatment from two Italian centers were enrolled. The overall average of the answers is configured for most of the domains that make up the questionnaire, with scores above 50. The quality of life of this sample is very close to the average of the US population, with a minimum average score of 45.9 for the Role Emotional scale and an average maximum score of 56.4 for the Vitality scale. Both are significant results from statistical analysis. It seems that DAAs treatment therapy does not affect but improves the general quality and psychological state of adult patients with Chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Bertino
- Hepatology Unit, Policlinic "G. Rodolico", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania
| | - Rosalia Ragusa
- Health Technology Assessment Committee, University Hospital "G. Rodolico", Catania
| | | | - Evelise Frazzetto
- Hepatology Unit, Policlinic "G. Rodolico", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania
| | - Vincenzo Messina
- Infectious Disease Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera "S. Anna e S. Sebastiano" of Caserta
| | - Lucio Inguscio
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome
| | - Carlo Lai
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome
| | - Marilena Maglia
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania
| | - Andrea Nunnari
- School of Medicine, Course of Rehabilitation Science for Health Professions, Università di Catania, Italy
| | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania
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Caponnetto P. Well-being and harm reduction, the consolidated reality of electronic cigarettes ten years later from this emerging phenomenon: A narrative review. Health Psychol Res 2020; 8:9463. [PMID: 33553795 PMCID: PMC7859958 DOI: 10.4081/hpr.2020.9463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use is the greatest threat to public health worldwide, killing more than seven million people annually. This paper, about 10 years after the first review on electronic cigarettes, analyses the evolution that this tool has had in these years. It concludes with comments on the significance of the research and why it constitutes an original contribution. We searched PubMed (National Library of Medicine), and PsycINFO (Ovid) (2006-2020) for studies on e-cigarettes (harms and benefits, e-cigarette use, craving and smoking cessation) and smoking cessation treatment (smoking cessation treatment or varenicline or tobacco cessation or reduction or bupropion or NRT or behavioral treatment or ecigarette) and evidence suggests that they may effective as smoking cessation tool and may be less harmful alternatives to combustible cigarette smoking. Consequently, e-cigarettes could be considered as an applicable instrument for Tobacco Harm Reduction (THR) and smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Palazzo Ingrassia Via Biblioteca, 4, 95124, Catania, Italy.
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DiPiazza J, Caponnetto P, Askin G, Christos P, Maglia MLP, Gautam R, Roche S, Polosa R. Sensory experiences and cues among E-cigarette users. Harm Reduct J 2020; 17:75. [PMID: 33059666 PMCID: PMC7559939 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-020-00420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We characterized the extent and quality of respiratory sensations and sensory-related smoking cues associated with e-cigarette use among those who failed to quit combustible tobacco cigarette (CTC) use with traditional FDA approved medications but succeeded in doing so with e-cigarettes. Further, we sought to understand former smokers' perceptions about the influence of sensory experience with e-cigarette use on CTC cessation outcomes. METHODS A nonrandom purposive sample of 156 participants recruited in the USA through the Consumer Advocates for Smoke Free Alternatives Association Facebook page completed an online cross-sectional survey to assess sensory experiences and smoking cues associated with e-cigarette use. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and the ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc testing and the two-sample t test/Wilcoxon rank-sum test, as appropriate based on distribution, were used to assess the association between sample characteristics and sensory experiences and cues using investigator constructed questions, the Modified Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire (mCEQ) and the Smoking Cue Appeal Survey (SCAS). RESULTS With e-cigarette use, participants reported feeling the vapor in their throats, windpipes, noses, lungs, and on their tongues; reductions in nicotine craving; and enjoyment of their e-cigarette, including tasting, smelling, and seeing the vapor and touching the device. Women had greater craving reduction than men (p = 0.023). Those who began smoking at 13 years of age or younger had more satisfaction and had greater sensory enjoyment than those who began smoking at 16-17 years of age (p = 0.015 and p = 0.026, respectively), as well as greater sensory enjoyment than those who began smoking at 14-15 years of age (p = 0.047). There was a significant overall association between the number of years a respondent smoked and e-cigarette sensory enjoyment (p = 0.038). Participants 18-34 years old rated e-cigarettes as being more pleasant compared to 45 + years olds, (p = 0.012). Eighty-four percent of participants reported the sensation of the vapor as important in quitting CTCs, and 91% believed the sensations accompanying e-cigarette use contributed to their smoking cessation success. CONCLUSIONS For those who failed to quit previously using approved cessation medications to stop smoking cigarettes, sensory experiences associated with e-cigarette use may help smokers quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- J DiPiazza
- Hunter Bellevue School of Nursing, Hunter College-City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - P Caponnetto
- Centro per la Prevenzione e Cura del Tabagismo (CPCT), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "V.Emanuele-Policlinico", Università di Catania, Catania, Italy.
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico V. Emanuele", Università di Catania, Catania, Italy.
- Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - G Askin
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - P Christos
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Lyc Psych Maglia
- Centro per la Prevenzione e Cura del Tabagismo (CPCT), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "V.Emanuele-Policlinico", Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - R Gautam
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Roche
- Hunter Bellevue School of Nursing, Hunter College-City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Polosa
- Centro per la Prevenzione e Cura del Tabagismo (CPCT), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "V.Emanuele-Policlinico", Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico V. Emanuele", Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Caponnetto P, Polosa R. A qualitative study of the views about smoking, licensed cessation aids and e-cigarettes in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. J Addict Dis 2020; 39:152-165. [PMID: 33043838 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2020.1826097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Smoking prevalence remains high among people with a mental health condition compared to those without. Understanding people's motivation to quit and their views of smoking cessation support may help to develop future interventions. We conducted a qualitative study to explore the perceptions of 30 people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who were current smokers, about smoking traditional cigarettes, the appeal of licensed medicines and e-cigarettes for smoking cessation or smoking reduction. The experiences of participants who were motivated to quit were compared with those who were not motivated to quit. Findings suggest traditional cigarettes were pleasurable and licensed cessation aids and e-cigarettes unappealing to participants who were unmotivated to quit. Whereas nicotine replacement products and e-cigarettes may be an appealing smoking cessation or reduction strategy for those motivated to quit. There is a need to find ways of making traditional cigarettes less appealing and alternative less harmful nicotine products (licensed and unlicensed) more appealing and accessible to this group of high risk smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Caponnetto
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.,Centro per la Prevenzione e Cura del Tabagismo (CPCT), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico-S. Marco," University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (COEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Caponnetto P, Polosa R. Approved and emerging smoking cessation treatments for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A narrative review. Health Psychol Res 2020; 8:9237. [PMID: 33123649 PMCID: PMC7588850 DOI: 10.4081/hpr.2020.9237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on smoking cessation treatments for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. It concludes with comments on the significance of the research and why it constitutes an original contribution. We searched PubMed (National Library of Medicine), and PsycINFO (Ovid) (2006-2020) for studies on schizophrenic disorder (schizophrenia or psychotic or psychosis or severe mental illness) and smoking cessation treatment (smoking cessation treatment or varenicline or tobacco cessation or reduction or bupropion or NRT or behavioral treatment or e-cigarette). Studies found evidence suggesting that pharmacotherapy combined with behavioural therapy for smoking cessation is effective amongst smokers with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, although more long-term research is required. This review summarised and critically reviewed also studies on vaping as a smoking cessation strategy for smokers with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and evidence suggests that they may effective as smoking cessation tool and may be less harmful alternatives to combustible cigarette smoking. Consequently, e-cigarettes could be considered as an applicable instrument for Tobacco Harm Reduction (THR) and smoking cessation. Overall, there are very few studies of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation in patients with schizophrenia and these studies are very small. They have promising results, but more research is needed.
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