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Tailor V, Digesu A, Swift SE. Update in Transvaginal Grafts: The Role of Lightweight Meshes, Biologics, and Hybrid Grafts in Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2021; 48:515-533. [PMID: 34416935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Transvaginal mesh/grafts have been popularized over the past 20 years in an attempt to improve the longevity of traditional vaginal pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery. Several national bodies have concluded that the proposed benefits of mesh/graft implantation are outweighed by the significant increase in surgery complications related to these products. As a consequence mesh products for vaginal POP surgery have been withdrawn from use in many countries. This article is a narrative review of newer mesh and graft products including lightweight polypropylene mesh products, biological grafts, hybrid grafts, and tissue engineered grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visha Tailor
- Department of Urogynaecology, St Marys Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom.
| | - Alex Digesu
- Department of Urogynaecology, St Marys Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Edward Swift
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Yang D, Zhang M, Liu K. Tissue engineering to treat pelvic organ prolapse. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 32:2118-2143. [PMID: 34313549 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1958184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a frequent chronic illness, which seriously affects women's living quality. In recent years, tissue engineering has made superior progress in POP treatment, and biological scaffolds have received considerable attention. Nevertheless, pelvic floor reconstruction still faces severe challenges, including the construction of ideal scaffolds, the selection of optimal seed cells, and growth factors. This paper summarizes the recent progress of pelvic floor reconstruction in tissue engineering, and discusses the problems that need to be further considered and solved to provide references for the further development of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Kehai Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Wu X, Jia Y, Sun X, Wang J. Tissue engineering in female pelvic floor reconstruction. Eng Life Sci 2020; 20:275-286. [PMID: 32647506 PMCID: PMC7336160 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse is a common and frequently occurring disease in middle-aged and elderly women. Mesh implantation is an ideal surgical treatment. The polypropylene mesh commonly used in clinical practice has good mechanical properties, but there are long-term complications. The application of tissue engineering technology in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse disease can not only meet the mechanical requirements of pelvic floor support, but also be more biocompatible than traditional polypropylene mesh, and can promote tissue repair to a certain extent. In this paper, the progress of tissue engineering was summarized to understand the application of tissue engineering in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse disease and will help in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University People's HospitalBeijingP. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Female Pelvic Floor DisordersBeijingP. R. China
| | - YuanYuan Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University People's HospitalBeijingP. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Female Pelvic Floor DisordersBeijingP. R. China
| | - Xiuli Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University People's HospitalBeijingP. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Female Pelvic Floor DisordersBeijingP. R. China
| | - Jianliu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University People's HospitalBeijingP. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Female Pelvic Floor DisordersBeijingP. R. China
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Scaffolds for Pelvic Floor Prolapse: Logical Pathways. Int J Biomater 2018; 2018:8040893. [PMID: 29483927 PMCID: PMC5816858 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8040893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) has borrowed principles of treatment from hernia repair and in the last two decades we saw reinforcement materials to treat POP with good outcomes in terms of anatomy but with alarming complication rates. Polypropylene meshes to specifically treat POP have been withdrawn from market by manufactures and a blank space was left to be filled with new materials. Macroporous monofilament meshes are ideal candidates and electrospinning emerged as a reliable method capable of delivering production reproducibility and customization. In this review, we point out some pathways that seem logical to be followed but have been only researched in last couple of years.
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Jangö H, Gräs S, Christensen L, Lose G. Examinations of a new long-term degradable electrospun polycaprolactone scaffold in three rat abdominal wall models. J Biomater Appl 2017; 31:1077-1086. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328216687664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alternative approaches to reinforce native tissue in reconstructive surgery for pelvic organ prolapse are warranted. Tissue engineering combines the use of a scaffold with the regenerative potential of stem cells and is a promising new concept in urogynecology. Our objective was to evaluate whether a newly developed long-term degradable polycaprolactone scaffold could provide biomechanical reinforcement and function as a scaffold for autologous muscle fiber fragments. We performed a study with three different rat abdominal wall models where the scaffold with or without muscle fiber fragments was placed (1) subcutaneously (minimal load), (2) in a partial defect (partial load), and (3) in a full-thickness defect (heavy load). After 8 weeks, no animals had developed hernia, and the scaffold provided biomechanical reinforcement, even in the models where it was subjected to heavy load. The scaffold was not yet degraded but showed increased thickness in all groups. Histologically, we found a massive foreign body response with numerous large giant cells intermingled with the fibers of the scaffold. Cells from added muscle fiber fragments could not be traced by PKH26 fluorescence or desmin staining. Taken together, the long-term degradable polycaprolactone scaffold provided biomechanical reinforcement by inducing a marked foreign-body response and attracting numerous inflammatory cells to form a strong neo-tissue construct. However, cells from the muscle fiber fragments did not survive in this milieu. Properties of the new neo-tissue construct must be evaluated at the time of full degradation of the scaffold before its possible clinical value in pelvic organ prolapse surgery can be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Jangö
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Denmark
| | - Søren Gräs
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Denmark
| | - Lise Christensen
- Department of Pathology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Lose
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Denmark
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Tissue-engineering with muscle fiber fragments improves the strength of a weak abdominal wall in rats. Int Urogynecol J 2016; 28:223-229. [DOI: 10.1007/s00192-016-3091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Gräs S, Tolstrup CK, Lose G. Regenerative medicine provides alternative strategies for the treatment of anal incontinence. Int Urogynecol J 2016; 28:341-350. [PMID: 27311602 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-016-3064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS Anal incontinence is a common disorder but current treatment modalities are not ideal and the development of new treatments is needed. The aim of this review was to identify the existing knowledge of regenerative medicine strategies in the form of cellular therapies or bioengineering as a treatment for anal incontinence caused by anal sphincter defects. METHODS PubMed was searched for preclinical and clinical studies in English published from January 2005 to January 2016. RESULTS Animal studies have demonstrated that cellular therapy in the form of local injections of culture-expanded skeletal myogenic cells stimulates repair of both acute and 2 - 4-week-old anal sphincter injuries. The results from a small clinical trial with ten patients and a case report support the preclinical findings. Animal studies have also demonstrated that local injections of mesenchymal stem cells stimulate repair of sphincter injuries, and a complex bioengineering strategy for creation and implantation of an intrinsically innervated internal anal sphincter construct has been successfully developed in a series of animal studies. CONCLUSION Cellular therapies with myogenic cells and mesenchymal stem cells and the use of bioengineering technology to create an anal sphincter are new potential strategies to treat anal incontinence caused by anal sphincter defects, but the clinical evidence is extremely limited. The use of culture-expanded autologous skeletal myogenic cells has been most intensively investigated and several clinical trials were ongoing at the time of this report. The cost-effectiveness of such a therapy is an issue and muscle fragmentation is suggested as a simple alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Gräs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Cæcilie Krogsgaard Tolstrup
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Lose
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
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Hillary CJ, Roman S, Bullock AJ, Green NH, Chapple CR, MacNeil S. Developing Repair Materials for Stress Urinary Incontinence to Withstand Dynamic Distension. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149971. [PMID: 26981860 PMCID: PMC4794140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polypropylene mesh used as a mid-urethral sling is associated with severe clinical complications in a significant minority of patients. Current in vitro mechanical testing shows that polypropylene responds inadequately to mechanical distension and is also poor at supporting cell proliferation. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Our objective therefore is to produce materials with more appropriate mechanical properties for use as a sling material but which can also support cell integration. METHODS Scaffolds of two polyurethanes (PU), poly-L-lactic acid (PLA) and co-polymers of the two were produced by electrospinning. Mechanical properties of materials were assessed and compared to polypropylene. The interaction of adipose derived stem cells (ADSC) with the scaffolds was also assessed. Uniaxial tensiometry of scaffolds was performed before and after seven days of cyclical distension. Cell penetration (using DAPI and a fluorescent red cell tracker dye), viability (AlamarBlue assay) and total collagen production (Sirius red assay) were measured for ADSC cultured on scaffolds. RESULTS Polypropylene was stronger than polyurethanes and PLA. However, polypropylene mesh deformed plastically after 7 days of sustained cyclical distention, while polyurethanes maintained their elasticity. Scaffolds of PU containing PLA were weaker and stiffer than PU or polypropylene but were significantly better than PU scaffolds alone at supporting ADSC. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, prolonged mechanical distension in vitro causes polypropylene to fail. Materials with more appropriate mechanical properties for use as sling materials can be produced using PU. Combining PLA with PU greatly improves interaction of cells with this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Hillary
- Kroto research Institute, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sabiniano Roman
- Kroto research Institute, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J. Bullock
- Kroto research Institute, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola H Green
- Kroto research Institute, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sheila MacNeil
- Kroto research Institute, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Kufaishi H, Alarab M, Drutz H, Lye S, Shynlova O. Comparative Characterization of Vaginal Cells Derived From Premenopausal Women With and Without Severe Pelvic Organ Prolapse. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:931-43. [PMID: 26763525 DOI: 10.1177/1933719115625840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study tested a hypothesis that primary human vaginal cells derived from tissue of premenopausal women with severe pelvic organ prolapse (POP-HVCs) would display differential functional characteristics as compared to vaginal cells derived from asymptomatic women with normal pelvic floor support (control-HVCs). METHODS Vaginal tissue biopsies were collected from premenopausal patients with POP (n = 8) and asymptomatic controls (n = 7) during vaginal hysterectomy or repair. Primary vaginal cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion and characterized by immunocytochemistry. Cell attachment and proliferation on different matrices (collagen I, collagen II, collagen IV, fibronectin, laminin, tenascin, and vitronectin) were compared between POP-HVCs and control-HVCs. RNA was extracted, and the expression of 84 genes was screened using Human Extracellular Matrix and Adhesion Molecules RT(2) Profiler PCR array. The expression of selected genes was verified by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS (1) Control-HVCs attached to collagen IV more efficiently than POP-HVCs; (2) control-HVCs and POP-HVCs show a similar proliferation rate when plated on proNectin and collagen I; (3) when seeded on collagen I, resting POP-HVCs expressed significantly (P < .05) increased transcript levels of collagen VII, multiple matrix metalloproteinases (MMP3, MMP7, MMP10, MMP12, MMP13, and MMP14), integrins (ITGA1, ITGA4, ITGA6, ITGA8, ITGB1, ITGB2, and ITGB3), and cell adhesion molecules as compared to control-HVCs. Collagen XV and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMP1 and TIMP2) as well as genes involved in the biogenesis and maturation of collagen and elastin fibers (LOX, LOXL1-LOXL3, BMP1, and ADAMTS2) were significantly downregulated in POP-HVCs versus control-HVCs (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Resting primary POP-HVCs in vitro show altered cellular characteristics as compared to control-HVCs, which may influence their dynamic responses to external mechanical or hormonal stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Kufaishi
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - May Alarab
- Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harold Drutz
- Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Lye
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oksana Shynlova
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Muscle fragments on a scaffold in rats: a potential regenerative strategy in urogynecology. Int Urogynecol J 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00192-015-2782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Chen B, Dave B. Challenges and Future Prospects for Tissue Engineering in Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery. Curr Urol Rep 2014; 15:425. [DOI: 10.1007/s11934-014-0425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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McKeon-Fischer KD, Rossmeisl JH, Whittington AR, Freeman JW. In vivo skeletal muscle biocompatibility of composite, coaxial electrospun, and microfibrous scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:1961-70. [PMID: 24471815 PMCID: PMC4086678 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One weakness with currently researched skeletal muscle tissue replacement is the lack of contraction and relaxation during the regenerative process. A biocompatible scaffold that can act similar to the muscle would be a pivotal innovation. Coaxial electrospun scaffolds, capable of movement with electrical stimulation, were created using poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and a (83/17 or 40/60) poly(acrylic acid)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PAA/PVA) hydrogel. The two scaffolds were implanted into Sprague-Dawley rat vastus lateralis muscle and compared with a phosphate-buffered saline injection sham surgery and an unoperated control. No complications or adverse effects were observed. Rats were sacrificed on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 postimplantation and biocompatibility assessed using enzymatic activity, fibrosis formation, inflammation, scaffold cellular infiltration, and neovascularization. Serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels were significantly higher in scaffold-implanted rats compared with the control on day 7, but returned to baseline by day 14. Day 7 scaffolds showed significant inflammation and fibrosis that decreased over time. Fibroblasts infiltrated the scaffolds early, but decreased with time, while myogenic cell numbers increased. Neovascularization of both scaffolds occurred as early as day 7. We conclude that the PCL-MWCNT-PAA/PVA scaffolds are biocompatible and suitable for muscle regeneration as myogenic cell growth was supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin D. McKeon-Fischer
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - John H. Rossmeisl
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Abby R. Whittington
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Joseph W. Freeman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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Gräs S, Klarskov N, Lose G. Intraurethral injection of autologous minced skeletal muscle: a simple surgical treatment for stress urinary incontinence. J Urol 2014; 192:850-5. [PMID: 24735937 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intraurethral injection of in vitro expanded autologous skeletal muscle derived cells is a new regenerative therapy for stress urinary incontinence. We examined the efficacy and safety of a simpler alternative strategy using freshly harvested, minced autologous skeletal muscle tissue with its inherent content of regenerative cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 20 and 15 women with uncomplicated and complicated stress urinary incontinence, respectively, received intraurethral injections of minced autologous skeletal muscle tissue and were followed for 1 year. Efficacy was assessed by the number of leakages in a 3-day diary and by ICIQ-SF scores. We calculated the rates of cure, defined as zero leaks in 3 days plus an ICIQ-SF score of 5 or less, and improvement, defined as simultaneous decreases in each outcome measure. RESULTS Significant reductions were observed in each group in the mean number of leakages (p <0.01) and in ICIQ-SF scores (p <0.001). In the uncomplicated group cure and improvement were observed in 25% and 63% of patients, and in the complicated group they were noted in 7% and 57%, respectively. No voiding dysfunction developed and only minor adverse events were noted. CONCLUSIONS Intraurethral injection of minced autologous muscle tissue is a simple surgical procedure that appears safe and moderately effective in women with uncomplicated stress urinary incontinence. It compares well to a more complicated regenerative strategy using in vitro expanded muscle derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Gräs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Niels Klarskov
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Lose
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
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Mangera A, Bullock AJ, Roman S, Chapple CR, MacNeil S. Comparison of candidate scaffolds for tissue engineering for stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse repair. BJU Int 2013; 112:674-85. [PMID: 23773418 DOI: 10.1111/bju.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify candidate materials which have sufficient potential to be taken forward for an in vivo tissue-engineering approach to restoring the tissue structure of the pelvic floor in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) or pelvic organ prolapse (POP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Oral mucosal fibroblasts were seeded onto seven different scaffold materials, AlloDerm ( LifeCell Corp., Branchburg, NJ, USA), cadaveric dermis, porcine dermis, polypropylene, sheep forestomach, porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and thermoannealed poly(L) lactic acid (PLA) under both free and restrained conditions. The scaffolds were assessed for: cell attachment using AlamarBlue and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI); contraction using serial photographs; and extracellular matrix production using Sirius red staining, immunostaining and scanning electron microscopy. Finally the biomechanical properties of all the scaffolds were assessed. RESULTS Of the seven, there were two biodegradable scaffolds, synthetic PLA and natural SIS, which supported good cell attachment and proliferation. Immunostaining confirmed the presence of collagen I, III and elastin which was highest in SIS and PLA. The mechanical properties of PLA were closest to native tissue with an ultimate tensile strength of 0.72 ± 0.18 MPa, ultimate tensile strain 0.53 ± 0.16 and Young's modulus 4.5 ± 2.9 MPa. Scaffold restraint did not have a significant impact on the above properties in the best scaffolds. CONCLUSION These data support both PLA and SIS as good candidate materials for use in making a tissue-engineered repair material for SUI or POP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf Mangera
- University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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15
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2012; 17:688-99. [PMID: 23147911 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e32835af316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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MCKEON-FISCHER KD, FREEMAN JW. ADDITION OF CONDUCTIVE ELEMENTS TO POLYMERIC SCAFFOLDS FOR MUSCLE TISSUE ENGINEERING. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984412300117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac and skeletal muscles are two tissues that would benefit from an electrically conductive scaffold to regenerate lost or lower functioning areas. By augmenting polymeric scaffolds with conductive elements, the contractile process for both muscles could increase. In this review, the components reviewed include polyaniline (PANi), gold (Au) nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes (CNT). PANi has been combined with several polymers and increased the conductivity of the scaffolds. It is biocompatible, but increases mechanical properties and decreases scaffold elongation. Tissue engineering using nanoparticles is an emerging area and considerable research focuses on determining possible toxicity due to nanoparticle concentration. Contradicting data exists for both Au nanoparticles and CNT. Smaller Au nanoparticles damage cardiac tissue in vivo while larger ones do not. By comparison, in vitro data shows no harmful results for skeletal muscle cells. Data for CNT is just as diverse as the amount, orientation and further purification or functionalization could all play a role in determining biocompatibility. Future research should focus on establishing the conductivity level needed for each muscle tissue to ascertain the amount of conductive element needed so the most suitable one can be utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. D. MCKEON-FISCHER
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J. W. FREEMAN
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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17
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Boennelycke M, Gras S, Lose G. Tissue engineering as a potential alternative or adjunct to surgical reconstruction in treating pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J 2012; 24:883. [PMID: 22940843 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-012-2022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS Cell-based tissue engineering strategies could potentially provide attractive alternatives to surgical reconstruction of native tissue or the use of surgical implants in treating pelvic organ prolapse (POP). METHODS Based on a search in PubMed, this review focuses on candidate cell types, scaffolds, and trophic factors used in studies examining cell-based tissue engineering strategies to treat POP, stress urinary incontinence (SUI), and the closely related field of hernias. RESULTS In contrast to the field of SUI, the use of cell-based tissue engineering strategies to treat POP are very sparsely explored, and only preclinical studies exist. CONCLUSION The available evidence suggests that the use of autologous muscle-derived cells, fibroblasts, or mesenchymal stem cells seeded on biocompatible, degradable, and potentially growth-promoting scaffolds could be an alternative to surgical reconstruction of native tissue or the use of conventional implants in treating POP. However, the vagina is a complex organ with great demands of functionality, and the perfect match of scaffold, cell, and trophic factor has yet to be found and tested in preclinical studies. Important issues such as safety and economy must also be addressed before this approach is ready for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boennelycke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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Boennelycke M, Gras S, Lose G. Tissue engineering as a potential alternative or adjunct to surgical reconstruction in treating pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J 2012; 24:741-7. [PMID: 22940843 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-012-1927-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS Cell-based tissue engineering strategies could potentially provide attractive alternatives to surgical reconstruction of native tissue or the use of surgical implants in treating pelvic organ prolapse (POP). METHODS Based on a search in PubMed, this review focuses on candidate cell types, scaffolds, and trophic factors used in studies examining cell-based tissue engineering strategies to treat POP, stress urinary incontinence (SUI), and the closely related field of hernias. RESULTS In contrast to the field of SUI, the use of cell-based tissue engineering strategies to treat POP are very sparsely explored, and only preclinical studies exist. CONCLUSION The available evidence suggests that the use of autologous muscle-derived cells, fibroblasts, or mesenchymal stem cells seeded on biocompatible, degradable, and potentially growth-promoting scaffolds could be an alternative to surgical reconstruction of native tissue or the use of conventional implants in treating POP. However, the vagina is a complex organ with great demands of functionality, and the perfect match of scaffold, cell, and trophic factor has yet to be found and tested in preclinical studies. Important issues such as safety and economy must also be addressed before this approach is ready for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boennelycke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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