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Hamburg-Shields E, Mesiano S. The hormonal control of parturition. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1121-1145. [PMID: 38329421 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Parturition is a complex physiological process that must occur in a reliable manner and at an appropriate gestation stage to ensure a healthy newborn and mother. To this end, hormones that affect the function of the gravid uterus, especially progesterone (P4), 17β-estradiol (E2), oxytocin (OT), and prostaglandins (PGs), play pivotal roles. P4 via the nuclear P4 receptor (PR) promotes uterine quiescence and for most of pregnancy exerts a dominant block to labor. Loss of the P4 block to parturition in association with a gain in prolabor actions of E2 are key transitions in the hormonal cascade leading to parturition. P4 withdrawal can occur through various mechanisms depending on species and physiological context. Parturition in most species involves inflammation within the uterine tissues and especially at the maternal-fetal interface. Local PGs and other inflammatory mediators may initiate parturition by inducing P4 withdrawal. Withdrawal of the P4 block is coordinated with increased E2 actions to enhance uterotonic signals mediated by OT and PGs to promote uterine contractions, cervix softening, and membrane rupture, i.e., labor. This review examines recent advances in research to understand the hormonal control of parturition, with focus on the roles of P4, E2, PGs, OT, inflammatory cytokines, and placental peptide hormones together with evolutionary biology of and implications for clinical management of human parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hamburg-Shields
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Sam Mesiano
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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Ling Q, Zhang YF, Chang W, Liu ST, Zhu HL, Wang H. NBR1-dependent autophagy activation protects against environmental cadmium-evoked placental trophoblast senescence. Chemosphere 2024; 358:142138. [PMID: 38670504 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a well-established developmental toxicant, accumulates in the placentae and disrupts its structure and function. Population study found adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by environmental Cd exposure associated with cell senescence. However, the role of autophagy activation in Cd-induced placental cell senescence and its reciprocal mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we employed animal experiments, cell culture, and case-control study to investigate the above mentioned. We have demonstrated that exposure to Cd during gestation induces placental senescence and activates autophagy. Pharmacological and genetic interventions further exacerbated placental senescence induced by Cd through the suppression of autophagy. Conversely, activation of autophagy ameliorated Cd-induced placental senescence. Knockdown of NBR1 exacerbated senescence in human placental trophoblast cells. Further investigations revealed that NBR1 facilitated the degradation of p21 via LC3B. Our case-control study has demonstrated a positive correlation between placental senescence and autophagy activation in all-cause fetal growth restriction (FGR). These findings offer a novel perspective for mitigating placental aging and placental-origin developmental diseases induced by environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ling
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China; Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medica University, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Si-Ting Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Hua-Long Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, China.
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Paul N, Maiti K, Sultana Z, Fisher JJ, Zhang H, Cole N, Morgan T, Smith R. Human placenta releases extracellular vesicles carrying corticotrophin releasing hormone mRNA into the maternal blood. Placenta 2024; 146:71-78. [PMID: 38190772 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The human placenta releases diverse extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles (100-1000 nm) and exosomes (30-150 nm), into the maternal blood for feto-maternal communication. Exosomes and microvesicles contribute to normal pregnancy physiology and major pregnancy pathologies. Differences in miRNA expressions and protein content in placental exosomes have been reported in complicated pregnancies. During human pregnancy, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) is produced and released by the placenta into the maternal blood. CRH is involved in regulating gestational length and the initiation of labour. CRH mRNA levels in the maternal plasma rise with gestation. High levels of CRH mRNA are reported to be associated with preeclamptic and preterm pregnancies. However, the underlying mechanism of placental CRH mRNA secretion remains to be elucidated. We hypothesise that the placenta releases CRH mRNA packaged within extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the maternal blood. In this study, placental EVs (microvesicles and exosomes) were isolated from human term healthy placentas via villus washes and from explant culture media by differential centrifugation and purified by density gradient ultracentrifugation using a continuous sucrose gradient (0.25-2.5 M). Western blotting using placenta- and exosome-specific markers and electron microscopy confirmed exosomes and microvesicles in the placental wash and explant media samples. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR data detected CRH mRNA in placenta-derived EVs from placental washes and explants. We also sorted placenta-secreted EVs in maternal plasma samples (≥37 weeks) by high-resolution flow cytometry using a fluorescent-labelled PLAP antibody. CRH mRNA was demonstrated in placental EVs obtained from maternal blood plasma. We therefore show that human placental EVs carry CRH mRNA into the maternal blood. Our study implies that measuring CRH mRNA in placental EVs in the maternal plasma could beused for monitoring pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjana Paul
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2305, Australia; Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, The University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kaushik Maiti
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2305, Australia
| | - Zakia Sultana
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2305, Australia
| | - Joshua J Fisher
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2305, Australia
| | - Huiming Zhang
- Research and Innovation Division, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Nicole Cole
- Research and Innovation Division, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Terry Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Roger Smith
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2305, Australia.
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Sameshima T, Ashina M, Fukuda T, Kido T, Abe S, Watanabe Y, Sato I, Yano Y, Tanimura K, Nagase H, Nozu K, Fujioka K. Range of protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II levels in neonates at birth. Sci Rep 2024; 14:921. [PMID: 38195988 PMCID: PMC10776853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51674-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) is avitamin K (VK) deficiency indicator in neonates. However, PIVKA-II detection frequency in neonatal blood at birth and the correlation between PIVKA-II and gestational age are unclear. We retrospectively analyzed infants admitted to our institution between June 1, 2018, and March 31, 2022, whose clinical and PIVKA-II data were available, and classified them into preterm and term infant groups. Overall incidence of PIVKA-II-positive cases (≥ 50 mAU/mL) was 42.8%, including 0.6% apparent VK deficiency (≥ 5000 mAU/mL), 3.1% experimental VK deficiency (1000-4999 mAU/mL), and 10.7% latent VK deficiency (200-999 mAU/mL) cases. Incidence of PIVKA-II-positive cases was significantly higher in the term group than in the preterm group (49.4% vs. 29.7%, p < 0.001). Gestational age correlated with PIVKA-II levels (r2 = 0.117, p < 0.0001). Median serum PIVKA-II levels and incidence of PIVKA-II-positive cases (≥ 50 mAU/mL, 16.4%) were lower at 5 days after birth than at birth, possibly reflecting the postnatal VK prophylaxis impact. Only one infant was diagnosed with VK deficiency bleeding (PIVKA-II levels, at birth: 10,567 mAU/mL; at day 5: 2418 mAU/mL). Thus, serum PIVKA-II levels after birth weakly correlated with gestational age. VK deficiency was more common in term infants than in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Sameshima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Mariko Ashina
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takuya Fukuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takumi Kido
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Shinya Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yuko Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Itsuko Sato
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kenji Tanimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagase
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kandai Nozu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Fujioka
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
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Vinnars MT, Bixo M, Damdimopoulou P. Pregnancy-related maternal physiological adaptations and fetal chemical exposure. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 578:112064. [PMID: 37683908 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal life represents a susceptible window of development during which chemical exposures can permanently alter fetal development, leading to an increased likelihood of disease later in life. Therefore, it is essential to assess exposure in the fetus. However, direct assessment in human fetuses is challenging, so most research measures maternal exposure. Pregnancy induces a range of significant physiological changes in women that may affect chemical metabolism and responses. Moreover, placental function, fetal sex, and pregnancy complications may further modify these exposures. The purpose of this narrative review is to give an overview of major pregnancy-related physiological changes, including placental function and impacts of pregnancy complications, to summarize existing studies assessing chemical exposure in human fetal organs, and to discuss possible interactions between physiological changes and exposures. Our review reveals major knowledge gaps in factors affecting fetal chemical exposure, highlighting the need to develop more sophisticated tools for chemical health risk assessment in fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Therese Vinnars
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marie Bixo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pauliina Damdimopoulou
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ciampa EJ, Flahardy P, Srinivasan H, Jacobs C, Tsai L, Karumanchi SA, Parikh SM. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling drives placental aging and can provoke preterm labor. eLife 2023; 12:RP85597. [PMID: 37610425 PMCID: PMC10446824 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cases of preterm labor have unknown cause, and the burden of preterm birth is immense. Placental aging has been proposed to promote labor onset, but specific mechanisms remain elusive. We report findings stemming from unbiased transcriptomic analysis of mouse placenta, which revealed that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) stabilization is a hallmark of advanced gestational timepoints, accompanied by mitochondrial dysregulation and cellular senescence; we detected similar effects in aging human placenta. In parallel in primary mouse trophoblasts and human choriocarcinoma cells, we modeled HIF-1 induction and demonstrated resultant mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that HIF-1 stabilization recapitulated gene signatures observed in aged placenta. Further, conditioned media from trophoblasts following HIF-1 induction promoted contractility in immortalized uterine myocytes, suggesting a mechanism by which the aging placenta may drive the transition from uterine quiescence to contractility at the onset of labor. Finally, pharmacological induction of HIF-1 via intraperitoneal administration of dimethyloxalyl glycine (DMOG) to pregnant mice caused preterm labor. These results provide clear evidence for placental aging in normal pregnancy, and demonstrate how HIF-1 signaling in late gestation may be a causal determinant of the mitochondrial dysfunction and senescence observed within the trophoblast as well as a trigger for uterine contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Ciampa
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Padraich Flahardy
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Christopher Jacobs
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Linus Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | | | - Samir M Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical SchoolDallasUnited States
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Foteva V, Fisher JJ, Qiao Y, Smith R. Does the Micronutrient Molybdenum Have a Role in Gestational Complications and Placental Health? Nutrients 2023; 15:3348. [PMID: 37571285 PMCID: PMC10421405 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum is an essential trace element for human health and survival, with molybdenum-containing enzymes catalysing multiple reactions in the metabolism of purines, aldehydes, and sulfur-containing amino acids. Recommended daily intakes vary globally, with molybdenum primarily sourced through the diet, and supplementation is not common. Although the benefits of molybdenum as an anti-diabetic and antioxidant inducer have been reported in the literature, there are conflicting data on the benefits of molybdenum for chronic diseases. Overexposure and deficiency can result in adverse health outcomes and mortality, although physiological doses remain largely unexplored in relation to human health. The lack of knowledge surrounding molybdenum intake and the role it plays in physiology is compounded during pregnancy. As pregnancy progresses, micronutrient demand increases, and diet is an established factor in programming gestational outcomes and maternal health. This review summarises the current literature concerning varied recommendations on molybdenum intake, the role of molybdenum and molybdoenzymes in physiology, and the contribution these play in gestational outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimira Foteva
- Mothers and Babies Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; (J.J.F.); (R.S.)
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Joshua J. Fisher
- Mothers and Babies Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; (J.J.F.); (R.S.)
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Yixue Qiao
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou 215000, China;
| | - Roger Smith
- Mothers and Babies Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; (J.J.F.); (R.S.)
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
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Kajdy A, Sys D, Modzelewski J, Bogusławska J, Cymbaluk-Płoska A, Kwiatkowska E, Bednarek-Jędrzejek M, Borowski D, Stefańska K, Rabijewski M, Baran A, Torbe A, Feduniw S, Kwiatkowski S. Evidence of Placental Aging in Late SGA, Fetal Growth Restriction and Stillbirth-A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1785. [PMID: 37509425 PMCID: PMC10376283 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, the placenta undergoes a natural aging process, which is considered normal. However, it has been hypothesized that an abnormally accelerated and premature aging of the placenta may contribute to placenta-related health issues. Placental senescence has been linked to several obstetric complications, including abnormal fetal growth, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and stillbirth, with stillbirth being the most challenging. A systematic search was conducted on Pubmed, Embase, and Scopus databases. Twenty-two full-text articles were identified for the final synthesis. Of these, 15 presented original research and 7 presented narrative reviews. There is a paucity of evidence in the literature on the role of placental aging in late small for gestational age (SGA), fetal growth restriction (FGR), and stillbirth. For future research, guidelines for both planning and reporting research must be implemented. The inclusion criteria should include clear differentiation between early and late SGA and FGR. As for stillbirths, only those with no other known cause of stillbirth should be included in the studies. This means excluding stillbirths due to congenital defects, infections, placental abruption, and maternal conditions affecting feto-maternal hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kajdy
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Sys
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-828 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Modzelewski
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Bogusławska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Kwiatkowska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Dariusz Borowski
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Provincial Combined Hospital in Kielce, 25-736 Kielce, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stefańska
- Department of Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Rabijewski
- Department of Reproductive Health, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Żelazna 90 St., 01-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Baran
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Torbe
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Stepan Feduniw
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kwiatkowski
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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de Graaff E, Bartlett K, Sadler L, Lakhdhir H, Simon-Kumar R, Peiris-John R, Burgess W, Cronin R, McCowan L, Anderson N. Placental pathology findings in perinatal deaths from 28 weeks gestation in Aotearoa New Zealand. Placenta 2023; 138:97-108. [PMID: 37245428 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women of South Asian ethnicity are overrepresented in adverse pregnancy outcome across high-income countries, including those related to placental dysfunction. It has been hypothesised that placental aging occurs at earlier gestation in South Asian pregnancies. We aimed to identify differences in placental pathology among perinatal deaths ≥28 weeks gestation, between South Asian, Māori and New Zealand (NZ) European women in Aotearoa NZ, with a focus on women of South Asian ethnicity. METHODS Placental pathology reports and clinical data from perinatal deaths between 2008 and 2017 were provided by the NZ Perinatal and Maternal Mortality Review Committee, blinded, and analysed by an experienced perinatal pathologist using the Amsterdam Placental Workshop Group Consensus Statement criteria. RESULTS 790 of 1161 placental pathology reports, 346 preterm (28+0 to 36+6 weeks) and 444 term (≥37+0 weeks) deaths, met the inclusion criteria. Among preterm deaths, South Asian women had higher rates of maternal vascular malperfusion compared with Māori (aOR 4.16, 95%CI 1.55-11.15) and NZ European (aOR 2.60, 95%CI 1.10-6.16). Among term deaths, South Asian women had higher rates of abnormal villous morphology compared with Māori (aOR 2.19, 95%CI 1.04-4.62) and NZ European (aOR 2.12, 95%CI 1.14-3.94), mostly due to increased rates of chorangiosis (36.7%, compared to 23.3% and 21.7%, respectively). DISCUSSION Differences in placental pathology by ethnicity were observed among preterm and term perinatal deaths. While we suspect differing underlying causal pathways, these deaths may be associated with maternal diabetic and red blood cell disorders among South Asian women, leading to a hypoxic state in-utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esti de Graaff
- The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Building 507, 22-30 Park Avenue, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Kate Bartlett
- Auckland District Health Board LabPlus, Auckland City Hospital, Building 31, Gate 4 Grafton Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1148, New Zealand.
| | - Lynn Sadler
- The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Building 507, 22-30 Park Avenue, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand; Te Toka Tumai Auckland, Te Whatu Ora Health, 2 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Heena Lakhdhir
- Counties Manukau District, Division of Women's Health, Te Whatu Ora - Health, 100 Hospital Road, Ōtāhuhu, Auckland, 2025, New Zealand.
| | - Rachel Simon-Kumar
- The University of Auckland School of Population Health, Building 507, 22-30 Park Avenue, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Roshini Peiris-John
- The University of Auckland Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Building 507, 22-30 Park Avenue, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Wendy Burgess
- The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Building 507, 22-30 Park Avenue, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Robin Cronin
- The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Building 507, 22-30 Park Avenue, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand; Counties Manukau District, Division of Women's Health, Te Whatu Ora - Health, 100 Hospital Road, Ōtāhuhu, Auckland, 2025, New Zealand.
| | - Lesley McCowan
- The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Building 507, 22-30 Park Avenue, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Ngaire Anderson
- The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Building 507, 22-30 Park Avenue, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
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Abstract
Healthy pregnancies are fundamental to healthy populations, but very few therapies to improve pregnancy outcomes are available. Fundamental concepts-for example, placentation or the mechanisms that control the onset of labor-remain understudied and incompletely understood. A key issue is that research efforts must capture the complexity of the tripartite maternal-placental-fetal system, the dynamics of which change throughout gestation. Studying pregnancy disorders is complicated by the difficulty of creating maternal-placental-fetal interfaces in vitro and the uncertain relevance of animal models to human pregnancy. However, newer approaches include trophoblast organoids to model the developing placenta and integrated data-science approaches to study longer-term outcomes. These approaches provide insights into the physiology of healthy pregnancy, which is the first step to identifying therapeutic targets in pregnancy disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Stock
- University of Edinburgh Usher Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK
- University of Edinburgh MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Wellcome Leap In Utero Program, Wellcome Leap Inc., Culver City, CA 90232, USA
| | - Catherine E Aiken
- The Rosie Hospital and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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11
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Farfán-Labonne B, Leff-Gelman P, Pellón-Díaz G, Camacho-Arroyo I. Cellular senescence in normal and adverse pregnancy. Reprod Biol 2023; 23:100734. [PMID: 36773450 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2023.100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence (CS) is defined as a state of terminal proliferation arrest accompanied by morphological alterations, pro-inflammatory phenotype, and metabolic changes. In recent years, the implications of senescence in numerous physiological and pathological conditions such as development, tissue repair, aging, or cancer have been evident. Some inductors of senescence are tissue repair pathways, telomere shortening, DNA damage, degenerative disorders, and wound healing. Lately, it has been demonstrated that CS plays a decisive role in the development and progression of healthy pregnancy and labor. Premature maternal-fetal tissues senescence (placenta, choriamniotic membranes, and endothelium) is implicated in many adverse pregnancy outcomes, including fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and intrauterine fetal death. Here we discuss cellular senescence and its association with normal pregnancy development and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Current evidence allows us to establish the relevance of CS in processes associated with the appropriate development of placentation, the progression of pregnancy, and the onset of labor; likewise, it allows us to understand the undeniable participation of CS deregulation in pathological processes associated with pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Farfán-Labonne
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", México.
| | - Philippe Leff-Gelman
- Coordinación de Salud Mental, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", México
| | - Gabriela Pellón-Díaz
- Coordinación de Salud Mental, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", México
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México.
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12
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Aitken RJ. Oxidative stress and reproductive function. Reproduction 2022; 164:E5-E8. [PMID: 36408964 DOI: 10.1530/rep-22-0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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13
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Aitken RJ, Bromfield EG, Gibb Z. OXIDATIVE STRESS AND REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION: The impact of oxidative stress on reproduction: a focus on gametogenesis and fertilization. Reproduction 2022; 164:F79-F94. [PMID: 35929832 DOI: 10.1530/rep-22-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In brief Many aspects of the reproductive process are impacted by oxidative stress. This article summarizes the chemical nature of reactive oxygen species and their role in both the physiological regulation of reproductive processes and the pathophysiology of infertility. Abstract This article lays out the fundamental principles of oxidative stress. It describes the nature of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the way in which these potentially toxic metabolites interact with cells and how they impact both cellular function and genetic integrity. The mechanisms by which ROS generation is enhanced to the point that the cells' antioxidant defence mechanisms are overwhelmed are also reviewed taking examples from both the male and female reproductive system, with a focus on gametogenesis and fertilization. The important role of external factors in exacerbating oxidative stress and impairing reproductive competence is also examined in terms of their ability to disrupt the physiological redox regulation of reproductive processes. Developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to cope with oxidative stress within the reproductive system will depend on the development of a deeper understanding of the nature, source, magnitude, and location of such stress in order to fashion personalized treatments that meet a given patient's clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Bromfield
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zamira Gibb
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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14
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Cindrova-Davies T, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Human placental development and function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 131:66-77. [PMID: 35393235 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The placenta is a transient fetal organ that plays a critical role in the health and wellbeing of both the fetus and its mother. Functionally, the placenta sustains the growth of the fetus as it facilitates delivery of oxygen and nutrients and removal of waste products. Not surprisingly, defective early placental development is the primary cause of common disorders of pregnancy, including recurrent miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, pre-eclampsia and stillbirth. Adverse pregnancy conditions will also affect the life-long health of the fetus via developmental programming[1]. Despite its critical importance in reproductive success and life-long health, our understanding of placental development is not extensive, largely due to ethical limitations to studying early or chronological placental development, lack of long-term in vitro models, or comparative animal models. In this review, we examine current knowledge of early human placental development, discuss the critical role of the maternal endometrium and of the fetal-maternal dialogue in pregnancy success, and we explore the latest models of trophoblast and endometrial stem cells. In addition, we discuss the role of oxygen in placental formation and function, how nutrient delivery is mediated during the periods of histotrophic nutrition (uptake of uterine secretions) and haemotrophic nutrition (exchange between the maternal and fetal circulations), and how placental endocrine function facilitates fetal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Cindrova-Davies
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
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15
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Negre-Salvayre A, Swiader A, Salvayre R, Guerby P. Oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and premature placental senescence in preeclampsia. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 730:109416. [PMID: 36179910 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Accelerated placental senescence is associated with preeclampsia (PE) and other pregnancy complications. It is characterized by an accelerated decline in placental function due to the accumulation of senescence patterns such as telomere shortening, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damages, increased expression of phosphorylated (serine-139) histone γ-H2AX, a sensitive marker of double-stranded DNA breaks, accumulation of cross-linked ubiquitinated proteins and sirtuin inhibition. Among the lipid oxidation products generated by the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, aldehydes such as acrolein, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, 4-oxo-2-nonenal, are present in the blood and placenta from PE-affected women and could contribute to PE pathogenesis and accelerated placental aging. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on premature placental senescence and the role of oxidative stress and lipid oxidation-derived aldehydes in this process, as well as their links with PE pathogenesis. The interest of developing (or not) new therapeutic strategies targeting lipid peroxidation is discussed, the objective being a better understanding of accelerated placental aging in PE pathophysiology, and the prevention of PE bad outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul Guerby
- lnfinity, CNRS, Inserm UMR 1291, University Toulouse III and Gynecology/Obstetrics Department, Paule-de-Viguier Hospital, Toulouse, France
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16
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Jaiman S, Romero R, Bhatti G, Jung E, Gotsch F, Suksai M, Gallo DM, Chaiworapongsa T, Kadar N. The role of the placenta in spontaneous preterm labor and delivery with intact membranes. J Perinat Med 2022; 50:553-566. [PMID: 35246973 PMCID: PMC9189066 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2021-0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether placental vascular pathology and impaired placental exchange due to maturational defects are involved in the etiology of spontaneous preterm labor and delivery in cases without histologic acute chorioamnionitis. METHODS This was a retrospective, observational study. Cases included pregnancies that resulted in spontaneous preterm labor and delivery (<37 weeks), whereas uncomplicated pregnancies that delivered fetuses at term (≥37-42 weeks of gestation) were selected as controls. Placental histological diagnoses were classified into three groups: lesions of maternal vascular malperfusion, lesions of fetal vascular malperfusion, and placental microvasculopathy, and the frequency of each type of lesion in cases and controls was compared. Moreover, we specifically searched for villous maturational abnormalities in cases and controls. Doppler velocimetry of the umbilical and uterine arteries were performed in a subset of patients. RESULTS There were 184 cases and 2471 controls, of which 95 and 1178 had Doppler studies, respectively. The frequency of lesions of maternal vascular malperfusion was greater in the placentas of patients with preterm labor than in the control group [14.1% (26/184) vs. 8.8% (217/2471) (p=0.023)]. Disorders of villous maturation were more frequent in the group with preterm labor than in the control group: 41.1% (39/95) [delayed villous maturation in 31.6% (30/95) vs. 2.5% (13/519) in controls and accelerated villous maturation in 9.5% (9/95) vs. none in controls]. CONCLUSIONS Maturational defects of placental villi were associated with approximately 41% of cases of unexplained spontaneous preterm labor and delivery without acute inflammatory lesions of the placenta and with delivery of appropriate-for-gestational-age fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Jaiman
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA,Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA,Corresponding Author: Roberto Romero, MD, DMedSci, Chief, Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, 3990 John R Street, 4 Brush, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA. (313) 993-2700;
| | - Gaurav Bhatti
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, MI, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Eunjung Jung
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Manaphat Suksai
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Dahiana M. Gallo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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17
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Hoai Nam N, Sukon P. Risk factors for intrapartum stillbirth in piglets born from cloprostenol-induced farrowing sows. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2089152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoai Nam
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Peerapol Sukon
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research Group for Animal Health Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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18
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Smith R, Dedman L, Sultana Z, Banney D, Maiti K. Insights into fetal death-a patient resource. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 226:761-763. [PMID: 35331689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Evidence supports a role for placental aging in the etiology of the majority of fetal deaths. This knowledge may reduce maternal feelings of guilt following fetal death that frequently exacerbates the distress caused by grief. The accompanying video may be a useful resource for women who have experienced a fetal death.
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19
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Blake BE, Rickard BP, Fenton SE. A High-Throughput Toxicity Screen of 42 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and Functional Assessment of Migration and Gene Expression in Human Placental Trophoblast Cells. Front Toxicol 2022; 4:881347. [PMID: 35548680 PMCID: PMC9081605 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.881347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have become ubiquitous environmental contaminants that have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in women and experimental research models. Adverse developmental and reproductive outcomes have been investigated for relatively few PFAS, and such studies are not scalable to address the thousands of unique chemical structures. As the placenta has been reported as a PFAS target tissue, the human placental trophoblast JEG-3 cell line was employed in a high-throughput toxicity screen (HTTS) to evaluate the effects of 42 unique PFAS on viability, proliferation, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). HTTS concentration-response curve fitting determined EC50 values for 79% of tested compounds for at least one of the three endpoints. Trophoblast migratory potential was evaluated for a subset of six prioritized PFAS using a scratch wound assay. Migration, measured as the percent of wound closure after 72 h, was most severely inhibited by exposure to 100 µM perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA; 72% closure), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS; 57% closure), or ammonium perfluoro-2-methyl-3-oxahexanoate (GenX; 79% closure). PFOA and GenX were subsequently evaluated for disrupted expression of 46 genes reported to be vital to trophoblast health. Disrupted regulation of oxidative stress was suggested by altered expression of GPEX1 (300 µM GenX and 3 µM GenX), GPER1 (300 µM GenX), and SOD1 and altered cellular response to xenobiotic stress was indicated by upregulation of the placental efflux transporter, ABCG2 (300 µM GenX, 3 µM GenX, and 100 µM PFOA). These findings suggest the placenta is potentially a direct target of PFAS exposure and indicate that trophoblast cell gene expression and function are disrupted at PFAS levels well below the calculated cytotoxicity threshold (EC50). Future work is needed to determine the mechanism(s) of action of PFAS towards placental trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bevin E. Blake
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Brittany P. Rickard
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Suzanne E. Fenton
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Suzanne E. Fenton,
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20
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Arthurs AL, Jankovic-Karasoulos T, Smith MD, Roberts CT. Circular RNAs in Pregnancy and the Placenta. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094551. [PMID: 35562943 PMCID: PMC9100345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging field of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has identified their novel roles in the development and function of many cancers and inspired the interest of many researchers. circRNAs are also found throughout the healthy body, as well as in other pathological states, but while research into the function and abundance of circRNAs has progressed, our overall understanding of these molecules remains primitive. Importantly, recent studies are elucidating new roles for circRNAs in pregnancy, particularly in the placenta. Given that many of the genes responsible for circRNA production in cancer are also highly expressed in the placenta, it is likely that the same genes act in the production of circRNAs in the placenta. Furthermore, placental development can be referred to as ‘controlled cancer’, as it shares many key signalling pathways and hallmarks with tumour growth and metastasis. Hence, the roles of circRNAs in this field are important to study with respect to pregnancy success but also may provide novel insights for cancer progression. This review illuminates the known roles of circRNAs in pregnancy and the placenta, as well as demonstrating differential placental expressions of circRNAs between complicated and uncomplicated pregnancies.
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21
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wu Y, He Y, Xiang J, Huang J, Lash GE, Li P. SIRT1 regulates trophoblast senescence in premature placental aging in preeclampsia. Placenta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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22
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Redman CW, Staff AC, Roberts JM. Syncytiotrophoblast stress in preeclampsia: the convergence point for multiple pathways. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 226:S907-S927. [PMID: 33546842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia evolves in 2 stages: a placental problem that generates signals to the mother to cause a range of responses that comprise the second stage (preeclampsia syndrome). The first stage of early-onset preeclampsia is poor placentation, which we here call malplacentation. The spiral arteries are incompletely remodeled, leading to later placental malperfusion, relatively early in the second half of pregnancy. The long duration of the first stage (several months) is unsurprisingly associated with fetal growth restriction. The first stage of late-onset preeclampsia, approximately 80% of total cases, is shorter (several weeks) and part of a process that is common to all pregnancies. Placental function declines as it outgrows uterine capacity, with increasing chorionic villous packing, compression of the intervillous space, and fetal hypoxia, and causes late-onset clinical presentations such as "unexplained" stillbirths, late-onset fetal growth restriction, or preeclampsia. The second stages of early- and late-onset preeclampsia share syncytiotrophoblast stress as the most relevant feature that causes the maternal syndrome. Syncytiotrophoblast stress signals in the maternal circulation are probably the most specific biomarkers for preeclampsia. In addition, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (mainly produced by syncytiotrophoblast) is the best-known biomarker and is routinely used in clinical practice in many locations. How the stress signals change over time in normal pregnancies indicates that syncytiotrophoblast stress begins on average at 30 to 32 weeks' gestation and progresses to term. At term, syncytiotrophoblast shows increasing markers of stress, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, syncytial knots, and necrosis. We label this phenotype the "twilight placenta" and argue that it accounts for the clinical problems of postmature pregnancies. Senescence as a stress response differs in multinuclear syncytiotrophoblast from that of mononuclear cells. Syncytiotrophoblast irreversibly acquires part of the senescence phenotype (cell cycle arrest) when it is formed by cell fusion. The 2 pathways converge on the common pathologic endpoint, syncytiotrophoblast stress, and contribute to preeclampsia subtypes. We highlight that the well-known heterogeneity of the preeclampsia syndrome arises from different pathways to this common endpoint, influenced by maternal genetics, epigenetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors with different fetal and maternal responses to the ensuing insults. This complexity mandates a reassessment of our approach to predicting and preventing preeclampsia, and we summarize research priorities to maximize what we can learn about these important issues.
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23
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Jung E, Romero R, Yeo L, Gomez-Lopez N, Chaemsaithong P, Jaovisidha A, Gotsch F, Erez O. The etiology of preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 226:S844-66. [PMID: 35177222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.11.1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is one of the "great obstetrical syndromes" in which multiple and sometimes overlapping pathologic processes activate a common pathway consisting of endothelial cell activation, intravascular inflammation, and syncytiotrophoblast stress. This article reviews the potential etiologies of preeclampsia. The role of uteroplacental ischemia is well-established on the basis of a solid body of clinical and experimental evidence. A causal role for microorganisms has gained recognition through the realization that periodontal disease and maternal gut dysbiosis are linked to atherosclerosis, thus possibly to a subset of patients with preeclampsia. The recent reports indicating that SARS-CoV-2 infection might be causally linked to preeclampsia are reviewed along with the potential mechanisms involved. Particular etiologic factors, such as the breakdown of maternal-fetal immune tolerance (thought to account for the excess of preeclampsia in primipaternity and egg donation), may operate, in part, through uteroplacental ischemia, whereas other factors such as placental aging may operate largely through syncytiotrophoblast stress. This article also examines the association between gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal obesity with preeclampsia. The role of autoimmunity, fetal diseases, and endocrine disorders is discussed. A greater understanding of the etiologic factors of preeclampsia is essential to improve treatment and prevention.
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Carroll A, Desforges M, Jones CJ, Heazell AE. Morphological and functional changes in placentas from prolonged pregnancies. Placenta 2022; 125:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Swain N, Moharana AK, Jena SR, Samanta L. Impact of Oxidative Stress on Embryogenesis and Fetal Development. Adv Exp Med Biol 2022; 1391:221-41. [PMID: 36472825 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12966-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple cellular processes are regulated by oxygen radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) where they play crucial roles as primary or secondary messengers, particularly during cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Embryogenesis and organogenesis encompass all these processes; therefore, their role during these crucial life events cannot be ignored, more so when there is an imbalance in redox homeostasis. Perturbed redox homeostasis is responsible for damaging the biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids resulting in leaky membrane, altered protein, enzyme function, and DNA damage which have adverse impact on the embryo and fetal development. In this article, we attempt to summarize the available data in literature for an in-depth understanding of redox regulation during development that may help in optimizing the pregnancy outcome both under natural and assisted conditions.
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Carey AZ, Blue NR, Varner MW, Page JM, Chaiyakunapruk N, Quinlan AR, Branch DW, Silver RM, Workalemahu T. A Systematic Review to Guide Future Efforts in the Determination of Genetic Causes of Pregnancy Loss. Front Reprod Health 2021; 3. [PMID: 35462723 PMCID: PMC9031276 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2021.770517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pregnancy loss is the most common obstetric complication occurring in almost 30% of conceptions overall and in 12–14% of clinically recognized pregnancies. Pregnancy loss has strong genetic underpinnings, and despite this consensus, our understanding of its genetic causes remains limited. We conducted a systematic review of genetic factors in pregnancy loss to identify strategies to guide future research.Methods: To synthesize data from population-based association studies on genetics of pregnancy loss, we searched PubMed for relevant articles published between 01/01/2000-01/01/2020. We excluded review articles, case studies, studies with limited sample sizes to detect associations (N < 4), descriptive studies, commentaries, and studies with non-genetic etiologies. Studies were classified based on developmental periods in gestation to synthesize data across various developmental epochs.Results: Our search yielded 580 potential titles with 107 (18%) eligible after title/abstract review. Of these, 54 (50%) were selected for systematic review after full-text review. These studies examined either early pregnancy loss (n = 9 [17%]), pregnancy loss >20 weeks' gestation (n = 10 [18%]), recurrent pregnancy loss (n = 32 [59%]), unclassified pregnancy loss (n = 3 [4%]) as their primary outcomes. Multiple genetic pathways that are essential for embryonic/fetal survival as well as human development were identified.Conclusion: Several genetic pathways may play a role in pregnancy loss across developmental periods in gestation. Systematic evaluation of pregnancy loss across developmental epochs, utilizing whole genome sequencing in families may further elucidate causal genetic mechanisms and identify other pathways critical for embryonic/fetal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Z. Carey
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Nathan R. Blue
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Michael W. Varner
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jessica M. Page
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Aaron R. Quinlan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - D. Ware Branch
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Robert M. Silver
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Tsegaselassie Workalemahu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Tsegaselassie Workalemahu
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Stone R, Palmer K, Wallace EM, Davey MA, Hodges R, Davies-Tuck M. Fetal monitoring from 39 weeks' gestation to identify South Asian-born women at risk of perinatal compromise: a retrospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23352. [PMID: 34857850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether earlier “post-term” monitoring of South Asian (SA) pregnancies from 39 weeks’ gestation with amniotic fluid index (AFI) and cardiotocography (CTG) detected suspected fetal compromise. Retrospective cohort study of all SA-born women at an Australian health service with uncomplicated, singleton pregnancies following the introduction of twice-weekly AFI and CTG monitoring from 39 weeks. Monitoring results, and their association with a perinatal compromise composite (including assisted delivery for fetal compromise, stillbirth, and NICU admission) were determined. 771 SA-born women had earlier monitoring, triggering delivery in 82 (10.6%). 31 (4%) had a non-reassuring antepartum CTG (abnormal fetal heart rate or variability, or decelerations) and 21 (2.7%) had an abnormal AFI (≤ 5 cm). Women with abnormal monitoring were 53% (95% CI 1.2–1.9) more likely to experience perinatal compromise and 83% (95% CI 1.2–2.9) more likely to experience intrapartum compromise than women with normal monitoring. Monitoring from 39 weeks identified possible fetal compromise earlier than it otherwise would have been, and triggered intervention in 10% of women. Without robust evidence to guide timing of birth in SA-born women to reduce rates of stillbirth, earlier monitoring provides an alternative to routine induction of labour.
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Nam NH, Sukon P. Non-infectious risk factors for intrapartum stillbirth in a swine farm in the North of Vietnam. Vet World 2021; 14:1829-1834. [PMID: 34475705 PMCID: PMC8404137 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1829-1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Stillbirth causes considerable loss to the pig farming industry. Methods aimed at reducing stillbirth should base on the understanding of risk factors for intrapartum stillbirth because it accounts for 75% of all stillbirths. Unfortunately, few studies have differentiated between intrapartum and prepartum stillbirths leading to inadequate information about risk factors for sole intrapartum stillbirth. This study investigated risk factors for piglet's intrapartum stillbirth. Materials and Methods Data of 1527 piglets born from 103 sows in one herd were recorded. Generalized linear mixed models were used to determine the relationship between investigated risk factors and intrapartum stillbirth at the piglet level. The potential risk factors were parity, gestation length (GL), litter size (LS), birth order (BO), birth interval (BI), cumulative farrowing duration (CFD), gender, crown-rump length, birth weight (BW), body mass index, ponderal index (PI), and BW deviation. Results About 60% (60.2%, 62/103) litters had stillborn piglet(s), and the intrapartum stillbirth rate was 5.8% (89/1527). BW deviation (≤0.1 and >0.6 kg), LS >13, GL (<114 and >117 days), PI ≤54, and BO >10 were the most significant factors associated with increased intrapartum stillbirth. No effect of parity, sex, BI, and CFD on intrapartum stillbirth was detected. Conclusion These data stressed the importance of piglets' size and shape in the prediction of intrapartum stillbirth. Furthermore, large LS, high BO, short, and long GL were associated with increased intrapartum stillbirth. The results of this study suggest that procedures aimed at increasing litter homogeneity, optimizing piglets' size and shape, avoiding short and long gestation, and increasing supervision rate, especially at the second half, of the farrowing may reduce piglet's intrapartum stillbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoai Nam
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trauqui, Gialam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Peerapol Sukon
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Rd., Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Research Group for Animal Health Technology, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Rd., Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Scaife PJ, Simpson A, Kurlak LO, Briggs LV, Gardner DS, Broughton Pipkin F, Jones CJP, Mistry HD. Increased Placental Cell Senescence and Oxidative Stress in Women with Pre-Eclampsia and Normotensive Post-Term Pregnancies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7295. [PMID: 34298913 PMCID: PMC8303298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 11% of pregnancies extend to post-term with adverse obstetric events linked to pregnancies over 42 weeks. Oxidative stress and senescence (cells stop growing and dividing by irreversibly arresting their cell cycle and gradually ageing) can result in diminished cell function. There are no detailed studies of placental cell senescence markers across a range of gestational ages, although increased levels have been linked to pre-eclampsia before full term. This study aimed to determine placental senescence and oxidative markers across a range of gestational ages in women with uncomplicated pregnancies and those with a diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. Placentae were obtained from 37 women with uncomplicated pregnancies of 37-42 weeks and from 13 cases of pre-eclampsia of 31+2-41+2 weeks. The expression of markers of senescence, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defence (tumour suppressor protein p16INK4a, kinase inhibitor p21, interleukin-6 (IL-6), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), glutathione peroxidases 1, 3, and 4 (GPx1, GPx3, and GPx4), placental growth factor (PlGF), and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1)) genes was measured (quantitative real-time PCR). Protein abundance of p16INK4a, IL-6, NOX4, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG), and PlGF was assessed by immunocytochemistry. Placental NOX4 protein was higher in post-term than term deliveries and further increased by pre-eclampsia (p < 0.05 for all). P21 expression was higher in post-term placentae (p = 0.012) and in pre-eclampsia (p = 0.04), compared to term. Placental P16INK4a protein expression was increased post-term, compared to term (p = 0.01). In normotensive women, gestational age at delivery was negatively associated with GPx4 and PlGF (mRNA and protein) (p < 0.05 for all), whereas a positive correlation was seen with placental P21, NOX4, and P16INK4a (p < 0.05 for all) expression. Markers of placental oxidative stress and senescence appear to increase as gestational age increases, with antioxidant defences diminishing concomitantly. These observations increase our understanding of placental health and may contribute to assessment of the optimal gestational age for delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J. Scaife
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Amy Simpson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (A.S.); (F.B.P.)
| | - Lesia O. Kurlak
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (L.O.K.); (D.S.G.)
| | - Louise V. Briggs
- School of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - David S. Gardner
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (L.O.K.); (D.S.G.)
| | - Fiona Broughton Pipkin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (A.S.); (F.B.P.)
| | - Carolyn J. P. Jones
- Maternal & Fetal Health Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Hiten D. Mistry
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
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Saroyo YB, Wibowo N, Irwinda R, Prijanti AR, Yunihastuti E, Bardosono S, Krisnadi SR, Permata PI, Wijaya S, Santawi VPA. Oxidative Stress Induced Damage and Early Senescence in Preterm Placenta. J Pregnancy 2021; 2021:9923761. [PMID: 34258068 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9923761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Senescent cells have been demonstrated to release High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) which induces labor through an inflammatory pathway. This research is aimed at demonstrating whether telomere shortening, proinflammatory HMGB1, and oxidative damage marker 8-OHdG play a role in the placenta of preterm birth in comparison to term birth. Method A cross-sectional study on 67 full thickness of the placenta obtained from mothers with term and preterm birth. Mothers with clinical signs of infection (fever > 38°C, leukocytosis > 18000/μL, or abnormal vaginal discharge) and other pregnancy complications were excluded. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure T/S ratio and ELISA quantification to measure the amount of HMGB1 and 8-OHdG. Result A total of 34 placentas from preterm and 33 placentas from term birth were examined. Maternal characteristics were comparable between the two groups. There were no statistical difference of T/S ratio (p = 0.181), HMGB1 (p = 0.119), and 8-OHdG (p = 0.144) between the preterm and term groups. HMGB1 was moderately correlated with 8-OHdG (r = 0.314). Telomere T/S ratio of the placenta did not differ between preterm and term labor despite difference in gestational age, suggesting earlier shortening in the preterm group. It is possible that critical telomere length has been achieved in both term and preterm placenta that warrants labor through senescence process. The result of our study also showed that HMGB1 was not correlated to telomere length, due to the fact that HMGB1 is not upregulated until the critical length of telomere for senescence is exhibited. Conclusion Similar telomere length might be exhibited due to early telomere shortening in preterm birth that mimics the term placenta. The relationship between placental telomere shortening and HMGB1 release remains to be uncovered. Further research is needed to discover the factors leading to early telomere shortening in the placenta of preterm birth.
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Soltani S, Hallaj-Nezhadi S, Rashidi MR. A comprehensive review of in silico approaches for the prediction and modulation of aldehyde oxidase-mediated drug metabolism: The current features, challenges and future perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 222:113559. [PMID: 34119831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The importance of aldehyde oxidase (AOX) in drug metabolism necessitates the development and application of the in silico rational drug design methods as an integral part of drug discovery projects for the early prediction and modulation of AOX-mediated metabolism. The current study represents an up-to-date and thorough review of in silico studies of AOX-mediated metabolism and modulation methods. In addition, the challenges and the knowledge gap that should be covered have been discussed. The importance of aldehyde oxidase (AOX) in drug metabolism is a hot topic in drug discovery. Different strategies are available for the modulation of the AOX-mediated metabolism of drugs. Application of the rational drug design methods as an integral part of drug discovery projects is necessary for the early prediction of AOX-mediated metabolism. The current study represents a comprehensive review of AOX molecular structure, AOX-mediated reactions, AOX substrates, AOX inhibition, approaches to modify AOX-mediated metabolism, prediction of AOX metabolism/substrates/inhibitors, and the AOX related structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. Furthermore, an up-to-date and thorough review of in silico studies of AOX metabolism has been carried out. In addition, the challenges and the knowledge gap that should be covered in the scientific literature have been discussed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaieh Soltani
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Pharmacy Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Hallaj-Nezhadi
- Drug Applied Research Center and Pharmacy Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rashidi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute and Pharmacy faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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Mitlid-Mork B, Turowski G, Bowe S, Staff AC, Sugulle M. Circulating angiogenic profiles and histo-morphological placental characteristics of uncomplicated post-date pregnancies. Placenta 2021; 109:55-63. [PMID: 33990027 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objectives of this study were to describe the histo-morphology of post-date placentas in clinically uncomplicated pregnancies without adverse delivery outcomes and the association with maternal circulating pre-delivery Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), as well as the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio. METHODS Post-date placentas (gestational week ≥40+2, n = 87) were macroscopically and histo-morphologically assessed according to the international, standardized Amsterdam Workshop Consensus Group criteria. Inter-rater agreement was evaluated by percentage of agreement. PlGF and sFlt-1 concentrations were available from maternal serum sampled close to delivery, and were compared by Mann-Whitney U test. Linear regression analyses were adjusted for predefined potential confounders. RESULTS The majority of the post-date placentas showed morphological signs of delayed maturation. About half of the placentas showed increased syncytial knotting and fibrin. In placentas with increased presence of intervillous fibrin, median maternal PlGF level was significantly lower (p = 0.004), median sFlt-1 level higher and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio significantly higher (p = 0.002) compared to those with normal fibrin amounts. Increased placental syncytial knotting was associated with lower levels of PlGF, higher sFlt-1 and higher sFlt-1/PlGF ratio compared to those with normal knotting. DISCUSSION Our standardized morphological study of post-date placentas in clinically healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies and delivery outcomes revealed delayed maturation in the majority of placentas. Increased pre-delivery circulating anti-angiogenic profile was associated with increased intervillous fibrin and syncytial knotting. We propose that circulating maternal angiogenic biomarkers may be of future use in clinical post-date pregnancy assessment, as they reflect important aspects of placental health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Mitlid-Mork
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Obstetrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gitta Turowski
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sophie Bowe
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Obstetrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Obstetrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Meryam Sugulle
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Obstetrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway.
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Khanabdali R, Zheng S, Melton PE, Georgiou HM, Moses E, Brennecke SP, Kalionis B. Late/post-term decidual basalis-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells show evidence of advanced ageing and downregulation of microRNA-516b-5p. Placenta 2021; 109:43-54. [PMID: 33975264 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The placenta is a short-lived organ, yet it shows signs of progressive ageing in the third trimester. Studies of ageing chorionic placental tissue have recently flourished, providing evidence of advanced ageing of tissues in the late/post-term (L/PT) period of gestation. However, ageing of the maternal aspect of the maternal-fetal interface, specifically the decidua basalis, is poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether the L/PT period was associated with advanced ageing and exhaustion of important decidua basalis mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (DMSCs) functions. METHODS In this study, DMSCs were isolated and characterised from early term (ET) and L/PT placental tissue and they were then investigated by employing various MSC potency and ageing assays. RNA sequencing was also performed to screen for specific microRNAs that are associated with stem cell exhaustion and ageing between ET- and L/PT-DMSCs. RESULTS L/PT-DMSCs, when compared to ET-DMSCs, showed significantly lower cell proliferation and a significant higher level of cell apoptosis. L/PT-DMSCs showed significantly lower resistance to oxidative stress and a significant decrease in antioxidant capacity compared with ET-DMSCs. Western blot analysis revealed increased expression of the stress-mediated P-p38MAPK protein in L/PT-DMSCs. RNA Sequencing showed microRNA (miR) miR-516b-5p, was present at significantly lower levels in L/PT-DMSCs. Inhibition of miR-516b-5p in ET-DMSCs revealed a decline in the ability of the inhibited cells to survive in extended cell culture. DISCUSSION These data provide the first evidence of advanced ageing and exhaustion of important stem cell functions in L/PT-DMSCs, and the involvement of specific miRs in the DMSC ageing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Khanabdali
- Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shixuan Zheng
- Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phillip E Melton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Harry M Georgiou
- Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric Moses
- The University of Tasmania, Menzies Institute for Medical Research. Tasmania, Australia
| | - Shaun P Brennecke
- Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bill Kalionis
- Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Kajdy A, Modzelewski J, Cymbaluk-Płoska A, Kwiatkowska E, Bednarek-Jędrzejek M, Borowski D, Stefańska K, Rabijewski M, Torbé A, Kwiatkowski S. Molecular Pathways of Cellular Senescence and Placental Aging in Late Fetal Growth Restriction and Stillbirth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4186. [PMID: 33919502 PMCID: PMC8072706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormally accelerated, premature placental senescence plays a crucial role in the genesis of pregnancy pathologies. Abnormal growth in the third trimester can present as small for gestational age fetuses or fetal growth restriction. One differs from the other by the presence of signs of placental insufficiency and the risk of stillbirth. The majority of stillbirths occur in normally grown fetuses and are classified as "unexplained", which often leads to conclusions that they were unpreventable. The main characteristic of aging is a gradual decline in the function of cells, tissues, and organs. These changes result in the accumulation of senescent cells in mitotic tissues. These cells begin the aging process that disrupts tissues' normal functions by affecting neighboring cells, degrading the extracellular matrix, and reducing tissues' regeneration capacity. Different degrees of abnormal placentation result in the severity of fetal growth restriction and its sequelae, including fetal death. This review aims to present the current knowledge and identify future research directions to understand better placental aging in late fetal growth restriction and unexplained stillbirth. We hypothesized that the final diagnosis of placental insufficiency can be made only using markers of placental senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kajdy
- Department of Reproductive Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Żelazna 90 St., 01-004 Warsaw, Poland; (J.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Jan Modzelewski
- Department of Reproductive Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Żelazna 90 St., 01-004 Warsaw, Poland; (J.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Kwiatkowska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Bednarek-Jędrzejek
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.-J.); (A.T.)
| | - Dariusz Borowski
- Clinic of Fetal-Maternal, Gynecology and Neonatology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Bydgoszcz, Łukasiewicza 1 St., 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Stefańska
- Department of Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17 St., 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Michał Rabijewski
- Department of Reproductive Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Żelazna 90 St., 01-004 Warsaw, Poland; (J.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Andrzej Torbé
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.-J.); (A.T.)
| | - Sebastian Kwiatkowski
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.-J.); (A.T.)
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Abstract
Placentation in humans is precocious and highly invasive compared to other mammals. Implantation is interstitial, with the conceptus becoming completely embedded within the endometrium towards the end of the second week post-fertilization. Villi initially form over the entire surface of the chorionic sac, stimulated by histotrophic secretions from the endometrial glands. The secondary yolk sac never makes contact with the chorion, and a choriovitelline placenta is never established. However, recent morphological and transcriptomic analyses suggest that the yolk sac plays an important role in the uptake of nutrients from the coelomic fluid. Measurements performed in vivo demonstrate that early development takes place in a physiological, low-oxygen environment that protects against teratogenic free radicals and maintains stem cells in a multipotent state. The maternal arterial circulation to the placenta is only fully established around 10-12 weeks of gestation. By then, villi have regressed over the superficial, abembryonic pole, leaving the definitive discoid placenta, which is of the villous, hemochorial type. Remodeling of the maternal spiral arteries is essential to ensure a high-volume but low-velocity inflow into the mature placenta. Extravillous trophoblast cells migrate from anchoring villi and surround the arteries. Their interactions with maternal immune cells release cytokines and proteases that are key to remodeling, and a successful pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Burton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Eric Jauniaux
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
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Ding H, Yang Y, Wei S, Spicer LJ, Kenéz Á, Xu W, Liu Y, Feng T. Influence of N-acetylcysteine on steroidogenesis and gene expression in porcine placental trophoblast cells. Theriogenology 2021; 161:49-56. [PMID: 33302164 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a widely used anti-inflammatory agent and antioxidant in vivo and in vitro. As a nutritional supplement, NAC can improve production and reproductive performances in animals through enhancing placental function and regulating hormone production. Trophoblast proliferation and steroid hormone production are two major functions in the placenta. We hypothesized that the effects of NAC on placental function is due to its direct and indirect effects on gene expression in placental trophoblast cells (pTr). To evaluate this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of NAC on steroidogenesis, gene expression, and cell proliferation in porcine pTr in vitro. pTr were treated with NAC in serum-free medium for 24 h with different concentrations (0, 0.1 μM, 1.0 μM, 10.0 μM, 0.1 mM, 1.0 mM, and 10.0 mM). Low-dose NAC (1 μM) stimulated pTr proliferation and decreased progesterone production, while increasing estradiol production (P < 0.05). High-dose NAC (10 mM) suppressed cell proliferation (P < 0.05), but had no effect on steroidogenesis. Low-dose NAC increased CCDN1 and decreased CASP3 and CASP8 mRNA levels (P < 0.05), whereas high-dose NAC decreased CDK4 and CCDN1 and increased CASP3 mRNA levels (P < 0.05). NAC had no effect on the mRNA abundance of StAR and HSD3B. Low-dose NAC upregulated CYP19A1 mRNA expression, and high-dose NAC downregulated CYP11A1 mRNA abundance (P < 0.05). Only low-dose NAC increased NOS3 mRNA abundance and tetrahydrobiopterin reduction (BH4/BH2 ratio). We conclude that NAC may act directly and indirectly on pTr with a dose-dependent manner and may regulate placental function by affecting pTr differentiation via regulating pTr steroid synthesis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis in sows.
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Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that increases in maternal cortisol or maternal stress in late pregnancy increase the risk of stillbirth at term. In an ovine model with increased maternal cortisol over the last 0.20 of gestation, we have previously found evidence of disruption of fetal serum and cardiac metabolomics and altered expression of genes related to mitochondrial function and metabolism in biceps femoris, diaphragm, and cardiac muscle. The present studies were designed to test for effects of chronically increased maternal cortisol on gene expression and metabolomics in placentomes near term. We hypothesized that changes in placenta might underlie or contribute to the alterations in fetal serum metabolomics and thereby contribute to changes in striated muscle metabolism. Placentomes were collected from pregnancies in early labor (143 ± 1 days gestation) of control ewes (n = 7) or ewes treated with cortisol (1 mg·kg-1·day-1 iv; n = 5) starting at day 115 of gestation. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were performed using an ovine gene expression microarray (Agilent 019921) and HR-MAS NMR, respectively. Multiomic analysis indicates that amino acid metabolism, particularly of branched-chain amino acids and glutamate, occur in placenta; changes in amino acid metabolism, degradation, or biosynthesis in placenta were consistent with changes in valine, isoleucine, leucine, and glycine in fetal serum. The analysis also indicates changes in glycerophospholipid metabolism and suggests changes in endoplasmic reticulum stress and antioxidant status in the placenta. These findings suggest that changes in placental function occurring with excess maternal cortisol in late gestation may contribute to metabolic dysfunction at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serene Joseph
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jacquelyn M Walejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville Florida
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Sicong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Arthur S Edison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Maureen Keller-Wood
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Cao S, Shen WB, Reece EA, Yang P. Deficiency of the oxidative stress-responsive kinase p70S6K1 restores autophagy and ameliorates neural tube defects in diabetic embryopathy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223:753.e1-753.e14. [PMID: 32416155 PMCID: PMC7609618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is highly active in neuroepithelial cells of the developing neuroepithelium, and impairment of autophagy leads to neural tube defects. In this study, we have found that maternal diabetes suppresses autophagy that leads to neural tube defects and consequent cellular imbalance in the endoplasmic reticulum where critical events occur, leading to the induction of diabetic embryopathy. Because the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway suppresses autophagy, we hypothesized that 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (p70S6K1), a major downstream effector of mammalian target of rapamycin, mediates the inhibitory effect of maternal diabetes on autophagy in the developing neuroepithelium. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether p70S6K1 mediates the inhibitory effect of maternal diabetes on autophagy during neurulation. We also examined whether p70S6K1 deficiency restores autophagy and therefore relieves endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibits maternal diabetes-induced apoptosis, which leads to reduction in neural tube defect incidence in diabetic embryopathy. STUDY DESIGN Female p70S6K1 heterogeneous knockout (p70S6K1+/-) mice were bred with male p70S6K1 heterogeneous knockout (p70S6K1+/-) mice to generate wild-type (WT), p70S6K1+/- and p70S6K1 knockout (p70S6K1-/-) embryos. Embryos at embryonic day 8.5 were harvested for the assessment of indices of autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. Neural tube defect incidence in embryos was determined at embryonic day 10.5. For in vitro studies, small interfering RNA knockdown of p70S6K1 in C17.2 mouse neural stem cells was used to determine the effect of p70S6K1 deficiency on autophagy impairment and endoplasmic reticulum stress under high glucose conditions. RESULTS Knockout of the Rps6kb1 gene, which encodes for p70S6K1, ameliorated maternal diabetes-induced NTDs and restored autophagosome formation in neuroepithelial cells suppressed by maternal diabetes. Maternal diabetes-suppressed conversion of LC3-I (microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3) to LC3-II, an index of autophagic activity, in neurulation stage embryos was abrogated in the absence of p70S6K1. p70S6K1 knockdown in neural stem cells also restored autophagosome formation and the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. The activation of the major unfolded protein response, indicated by phosphorylation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha, and protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α, and the increase of the endoplasmic reticulum stress marker, C/EBP homologous protein, were induced by maternal diabetes in vivo and high glucose in vitro. Unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by maternal diabetes or high glucose were reduced by Rps6kb1 deletion or p70S6K1 knockdown, respectively. Rps6kb1 knockout blocked maternal diabetes-induced caspase cleavage and neuroepithelial cell apoptosis. The superoxide dismutase mimetic Tempol abolished high glucose-induced p70S6K1 activation. CONCLUSION The study revealed the critical involvement of p70S6K1 in the pathogenesis of diabetic embryopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songying Cao
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wei-Bin Shen
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - E Albert Reece
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peixin Yang
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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Mitlid-Mork B, Bowe S, Gran JM, Bolstad N, Berg JP, Redman CW, Staff AC, Sugulle M. Maternal placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 reference ranges in post-term pregnancies: A prospective observational study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240473. [PMID: 33079955 PMCID: PMC7575115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-term pregnancies have increased risks for adverse fetal and maternal outcomes. Maternal concentrations of the placenta-associated proteins placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) have been identified as predictors for preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction, both syndromes of placental dysfunction. We have proposed that low maternal circulating PlGF and increased sFlt-1 are general markers for syncytiotrophoblast stress, which increases at and beyond term, even in apparently uncomplicated pregnancies. Our aim was to establish circulating PlGF, sFlt-1, and sFlt-1/PlGF reference ranges in healthy post-term pregnancies (gestational week ≥40+2), comparing with healthy term pregnancies and evaluating associations between time to delivery and biomarker percentiles. Methods Of 501 healthy, singleton post-term pregnancies prospectively recruited between September 2016 and December 2017 at our tertiary obstetric department, 426 with an uncomplicated delivery outcome contributed PlGF and sFlt-1 serum concentrations for reference range construction. A retrospective, cross-sectional, term group with an uncomplicated delivery outcome (n = 146) served as comparison. Differences in percentile values between groups and confidence intervals were calculated by quantile regression. Results In post-term pregnancies the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles for PlGF were: 70, 172, and 496 pg/mL; for sFlt-1: 2074, 4268, and 9141 pg/mL; and for sFlt-1/PlGF 5.3, 25.5, and 85.2. Quantile regression analyses comparing the post-term to the term group showed for PlGF a trend towards higher 10th through 30th percentiles, for sFlt-1 significantly higher 10th through 80th percentiles, and for sFlt-1/PlGF ratio significantly higher 30th percentile and significantly lower 95th percentile. PlGF below the 5th percentile and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio above the 95th percentile was associated with shorter time to delivery (p = 0.031 and p = 0.025, respectively). Conclusions Our findings support the concept of increasing syncytiotrophoblast stress post-term in clinically healthy pregnancies. Whether post-term dysregulated angiogenic markers reflect a biological placental clock merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Mitlid-Mork
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sophie Bowe
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon M. Gran
- Oslo Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Bolstad
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Petter Berg
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher W. Redman
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Meryam Sugulle
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different risk factors on stillbirth of piglets born from oxytocin-assisted parturitions. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from a total of 1121 piglets born from 74 Landrace x Yorkshire crossbred sows from a herd. Logistic regression models were used to determine the associations between stillbirth and different risk factors including parity (1, 2, 3-5, and 6-10), gestation length (GL) (112-113, 114-116, and 117-119 days), litter size, birth order (BO), sex, birth interval (BI), cumulative farrowing duration, birth weight (BW), crown rump length, BW deviation, body mass index, ponderal index (PI), and the use of oxytocin during expulsive stage of farrowing. Results: The incidence of stillbirth at litter level and stillbirth rate was 59.5% (44/74) and 8.1% (89/1094), respectively. The final multivariate logistic regression selected BO, BI, PI, GL, and parity as the five most significant risk factors for stillbirth. Increased BO and BI, GL <114 and >116 days, parity 6-10, and low PI increased the stillbirth rate in piglets. Conclusion: Several factors previously determined as risks for stillbirth in exogenous oxytocin-free parturitions also existed in exogenous oxytocin-assisted parturitions. One dose of oxytocin at fairly high BO did not increase stillbirth, whereas two doses of oxytocin were potentially associated with increased values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoai Nam
- Department of Animal Surgery and Theriogenology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trauqui, Gialam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Peerapol Sukon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Mueang Khon Kaen District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Research Group for Animal Health Technology, Khon Kaen University, Mueang Khon Kaen District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Kohlrausch FB, Keefe DL. Telomere erosion as a placental clock: From placental pathologies to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Placenta 2020; 97:101-7. [PMID: 32792055 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The placenta provides nutritional and gas exchange between fetus and mother. Early in pregnancy, placental trophoblasts proliferate rapidly and invade aggressively. As pregnancy progresses, placental cells begin to age. Indeed, pregnancy itself has a tightly regulated duration, determined in large part by placental lifespan. Late in pregnancy, placental cells reach a senescent apoptotic state, activated by a number of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including oxidative stress (OS), and DNA damage. Pregnancy complications, stillbirths and neonatal deaths have been related to OS and abnormal placental aging. Telomeres, the protective nucleoprotein structures at the ends of linear chromosomes, shorten both from cell replication and from exposure to OS. When telomeres become critically short they trigger cell cycle arrest and eventually cell death. Telomere attrition thus provide an intrinsic mechanism to explain tissue senescence and aging. Mounting evidence suggests that senescence of placental and fetal membrane cells results from telomere attrition. We review the studies that have addressed the role of telomere length (TL) in placentas from normal and complicated pregnancies, including pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, gestational diabetes, and stillbirth. To date studies have uncovered associations between TL and a number of obstetrical complications. Future research is needed to determine whether these associations are causative, i.e. whether these clinical conditions result from telomere dysfunction, and whether particular features of telomeres, e.g. mean or shortest length, etc. could serve as clinically useful biomarkers of placental health.
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Wijaya JC, Khanabdali R, Georgiou HM, Kalionis B. Ageing in human parturition: impetus of the gestation clock in the decidua†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:695-710. [PMID: 32591788 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite sharing many common features, the relationship between ageing and parturition remains poorly understood. The decidua is a specialized lining of endometrial tissue, which develops in preparation for pregnancy. The structure and location of the decidua support its role as the physical scaffold for the growing embryo and placenta, and thus, it is vital to sustain pregnancy. Approaching term, the physical support properties of the decidua are naturally weakened to permit parturition. In this review, we hypothesize that the natural weakening of decidual tissue at parturition is promoted by the ageing process. Studies of the ageing-related functional and molecular changes in the decidua at parturition are reviewed and classified using hallmarks of ageing as the framework. The potential roles of decidual mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (DMSC) ageing in labor are also discussed because, although stem cell exhaustion is also a hallmark of ageing, its role in labor is not completely understood. In addition, the potential roles of extracellular vesicles secreted by DMSCs in labor, and their parturition-related miRNAs, are reviewed to gain further insight into this research area. In summary, the literature supports the notion that the decidua ages as the pregnancy progresses, and this may facilitate parturition, suggesting that ageing is the probable impetus of the gestational clocks in the decidua. This conceptual framework was developed to provide a better understanding of the natural ageing process of the decidua during parturition as well as to encourage future studies of the importance of healthy ageing for optimal pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan C Wijaya
- Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ramin Khanabdali
- Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Process Development, Exopharm Limited, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harry M Georgiou
- Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bill Kalionis
- Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Beard S, Pritchard N, Binder N, Schindler K, De Alwis N, Kaitu'u-Lino TJ, Tong S, Hannan NJ. Aurora kinase mRNA expression is reduced with increasing gestational age and in severe early onset fetal growth restriction. Placenta 2020; 95:53-61. [PMID: 32452402 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative damage and biochemical ageing are implicated in placental dysfunction and potentially fetal death. Cellular senescence may play a role in the pathophysiology of fetal growth restriction (FGR) and preeclampsia (PE). Aurora kinases (AURKA, B and C) are important regulators of cellular division in mitosis and meiosis with implications in cellular senescence. We aimed to investigate whether aurora kinase expression is altered with placental dysfunction or placental ageing. METHODS Placenta and blood was obtained across gestation from pregnancies complicated by PE, FGR or both PE and FGR, as well as gestation-matched control samples. Expression of AURKA, B and C mRNA was examined using real time qPCR in both the placenta and maternal circulation. RESULTS Placental aurora kinase expression decreased as gestation progressed: AURKA and AURKB were significantly reduced at 37-40 weeks, whereas AURKC was significantly reduced at 34-37 weeks, when compared to <34 weeks. In the maternal circulation, the mRNA level of AURKB was significantly reduced at >40 weeks compared to <34 weeks gestation. A significant reduction in AURKC was seen in FGR pregnancies <34 weeks compared to gestation-matched controls. CONCLUSION Placental AURK expression is reduced with increased gestation. Circulating AURKB mRNA reduces at >40 weeks gestation, when compared to <34 weeks. AURKC is significantly reduced in placentas from pregnancies complicated by severe early onset (<34 weeks) FGR compared with gestation-matched controls. The functional role of aurora kinase in the placenta and in gestational age warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Beard
- Therapeutics Discovery and Vascular Function in Pregnancy Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natasha Pritchard
- Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie Binder
- Therapeutics Discovery and Vascular Function in Pregnancy Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Schindler
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Natasha De Alwis
- Therapeutics Discovery and Vascular Function in Pregnancy Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tu'uhevaha J Kaitu'u-Lino
- Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Tong
- Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie J Hannan
- Therapeutics Discovery and Vascular Function in Pregnancy Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Victoria, Australia.
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Campbell J, Evans MJ. Normally Grown Non-dysmorphic Stillbirth Post 38 Weeks Gestation and Reduced Fetal Movements: A Matter of Reserve? A Retrospective Study. J Fetal Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40556-019-00230-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between placental weight relative to birthweight and risk of stillbirth in non-dysmorphic fetuses ≥ 38 weeks gestation with no evidence of intrauterine growth restriction. This is a retrospective study of stillbirths who underwent post-mortem between 1st Jan 2011 and 31st Dec 2018 in South East Scotland (n = 55). The control group (n = 74) was matched for gestation, age of mother and maternal BMI. There was a significant difference (p = 0.0117) in the mean ratio of birth weight to placental weight (BW:PW) between the stillbirth group (8.17) and control group (7.33). Cases of stillbirths where the mother had reported reduced fetal movements (RFM) had a higher BW:PW compared to controls (p = 0.024). Within the RFM stillbirth group, 5/6 (83%) cases showed significant changes of maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) and/or fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM); whilst within the RFM control group, 5/15 (33%) cases showed significant changes of MVM and/or FVM. There is a significantly higher BW:PW within the stillbirth group than within the control group, both groups show changes of MVM and/or FVM and our supposition is that these changes have a greater impact on placental reserve when the birthweight is high relative to placental weight. Reduced fetal movements may indicate diminished placental reserve. We propose that the ability to predict a high BW:PW within pregnancies where the mothers report RFM may help to prevent late stillbirth in non-IUGR infants.
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Vangrieken P, Vanterpool SF, van Schooten FJ, Al-Nasiry S, Andriessen P, Degreef E, Alfer J, Kramer BW, von Rango U. Histological villous maturation in placentas of complicated pregnancies. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:849-862. [PMID: 31985030 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chorioamnionitis and preeclampsia account for the majority of preterm births worldwide. Thus far, adequate methods for early detection or prevention of these diseases are lacking. In preeclampsia, accelerated villous maturation is believed to compensate placental insufficiency. However, little is known about the effects of placental inflammation in chorioamnionitis on villous maturation. Therefore, we established a set of morphological parameters to evaluate histological villous maturity in pregnancies complicated by chorioamnionitis and preeclampsia. Preterm placentas complicated by chorioamnionitis or preeclampsia were compared to idiopathic preterm placentas and term controls. Histological villous maturation was analyzed by means of 17 histological markers. Fourteen of these markers provided information on absolute and relative numbers of the terminal villi (TV), the extent of their vascularization (using CD31-stained sections) and their exchange capacities. In addition, the numbers of syncytial bridges, syncytial apoptotic knots and shed syncytiotrophoblasts were counted. Accelerated villous maturation in preeclampsia was demonstrated by means of histological villous remodeling and confirmed by 11 relevant markers. Chorioamnionitis, however, only showed increased area of fetal capillaries. In preeclampsia, placentas may transition from growth to maturation earlier than placentas in normal pregnancies, whereas in chorioamnionitis placental changes are more acute and therefore less elaborated at a structural level. Regression analysis suggests the number of all villi and the number of terminal villi as a percentage of all villi as parameters to evaluate histological villous maturity in preeclamptic placentas and to assist diagnosis. However, we would recommend to analyze all 11 relevant parameters to judge placental maturity in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Vangrieken
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Sizzle F Vanterpool
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (MHeNS), Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik J van Schooten
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Salwan Al-Nasiry
- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Andriessen
- Department of Pediatrics, Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen Degreef
- Foundation Laboratory for Pathology and Medical Microbiology (PAMM), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Alfer
- Department of Pathology, Kaufbeuren-Ravensburg, Ravensburg, Germany
| | - Boris W Kramer
- School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (MHeNS), Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrike von Rango
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Workalemahu T, Shrestha D, Tajuddin SM, Tekola-Ayele F. Maternal cardiometabolic factors and genetic ancestry influence epigenetic aging of the placenta. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 12:34-41. [PMID: 31948495 DOI: 10.1017/S2040174419000801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of physiological aging of the placenta can lead to pregnancy complications and increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases during childhood and adulthood. Maternal metabolic and genetic factors need to operate in concert with placental development for optimal pregnancy outcome. However, it is unknown whether maternal cardiometabolic status and genetic ancestry contribute to differences in placental epigenetic age acceleration (PAA). We investigated whether maternal prepregnancy obesity, gestational weight gain (GWG), blood pressure, and genetic ancestry influence PAA. Among 301 pregnant women from 4 race/ethnic groups who provided placenta samples at delivery as part of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies, placental DNA methylation age was estimated using 62 CpGs known to predict placental aging. PAA was defined to be the difference between placental DNA methylation age and gestational age at birth. Percentage of genetic ancestries was estimated using genotype data. We found that a 1 kg/week increase in GWG was associated with up to 1.71 (95% CI: -3.11, -0.32) week lower PAA. Offspring Native American ancestry and African ancestry were associated, respectively, with higher and lower PAA among Hispanics, and maternal East Asian ancestry was associated with lower PAA among Asians (p < 0.05). Among mothers with a male offspring, blood pressure was associated with lower PAA across all three trimesters (p < 0.05), prepregnancy obesity compared to normal weight was associated with 1.24 (95% CI: -2.24, -0.25) week lower PAA. In summary, we observed that maternal cardiometabolic factors and genetic ancestry influence placental epigenetic aging and some of these influences may be male offspring-specific.
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Qiao Y, Maiti K, Sultana Z, Fu L, Smith R. Inhibition of vertebrate aldehyde oxidase as a therapeutic treatment for cancer, obesity, aging and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 187:111948. [PMID: 31877540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aldehyde oxidases (AOXs) are a small sub-family of cytosolic molybdo-flavoenzymes, which are structurally conserved proteins and broadly distributed from plants to animals. AOXs play multiple roles in both physiological and pathological processes and AOX inhibition is of increasing significance in the development of novel drugs and therapeutic strategies. This review provides an overview of the evolution and the action mechanism of AOX and the role of each domain. The review provides an update of the polymorphisms in the human AOX. This review also summarises the physiology of AOX in different organs and its role in drug metabolism. The inhibition of AOX is a promising therapeutic treatment for cancer, obesity, aging and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Tekola-Ayele F, Workalemahu T, Gorfu G, Shrestha D, Tycko B, Wapner R, Zhang C, Louis GMB. Sex differences in the associations of placental epigenetic aging with fetal growth. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5412-5432. [PMID: 31395791 PMCID: PMC6710059 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Identifying factors that influence fetal growth in a sex-specific manner can help unravel mechanisms that explain sex differences in adverse neonatal outcomes and in-utero origins of cardiovascular disease disparities. Premature aging of the placenta, a tissue that supports fetal growth and exhibits sex-specific epigenetic changes, is associated with pregnancy complications. Using DNA methylation-based age estimator, we investigated the sex-specific relationship of placental epigenetic aging with fetal growth across 13-40 weeks gestation, neonatal size, and risk of low birth weight. Placental epigenetic age acceleration (PAA), the difference between DNA methylation age and gestational age, was associated with reduced fetal weight among males but with increased fetal weight among females. PAA was inversely associated with fetal weight, abdominal circumference, and biparietal diameter at 32-40 weeks among males but was positively associated with all growth measures among females across 13-40 weeks. A 1-week increase in PAA was associated with 2-fold (95% CI 1.2, 3.2) increased odds for low birth weight and 1.5-fold (95% CI 1.1, 2.0) increased odds for small-for-gestational age among males. In all, fetal growth was significantly reduced in males but not females exposed to a rapidly aging placenta. Epigenetic aging of the placenta may underlie sex differences in neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasil Tekola-Ayele
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tsegaselassie Workalemahu
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gezahegn Gorfu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Deepika Shrestha
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Benjamin Tycko
- Hackensack-Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation and the Hackensack-Meridian Health School of Medicine at Seton Hall University, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Ronald Wapner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Germaine M. Buck Louis
- Dean’s Office, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
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Paules C, Dantas AP, Miranda J, Crovetto F, Eixarch E, Rodriguez-Sureda V, Dominguez C, Casu G, Rovira C, Nadal A, Crispi F, Gratacós E. Premature placental aging in term small-for-gestational-age and growth-restricted fetuses. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019; 53:615-622. [PMID: 30125412 DOI: 10.1002/uog.20103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a comprehensive assessment of the placental aging process in small term fetuses classified as being small-for-gestational age (SGA) or having fetal growth restriction (FGR) through analysis of senescence and apoptosis markers. METHODS This was a prospective nested case-control study of singleton pregnancies delivered at term, including 21 control pregnancies with normally grown fetuses and 36 with a small fetus classified as SGA (birth weight between the 3rd and 9th percentiles and normal fetoplacental Doppler; n = 18) or FGR (birth weight < 3rd percentile and/or abnormal cerebroplacental ratio and/or uterine artery Doppler; n = 18). Telomerase activity, telomere length (quantified by comparing the amount of amplification product for the telomere sequence (T) to that of a single copy of the gene 36B4 (S)) and RNA expression of senescence (Sirtuins 1, 3 and 6) and apoptosis (p53, p21, BAX and Caspases 3 and 9) markers (analyzed using the 2-ΔΔCt method) were determined in placental samples collected at birth and compared between the three groups. RESULTS Compared to pregnancies with a normally grown fetus, both SGA and FGR pregnancies presented signs of accelerated placental aging, including lower telomerase activity (mean ± SD, 12.8 ± 6.6% in controls vs 7.98 ± 4.2% in SGA vs 7.79 ± 4.6% in FGR; P = 0.008), shorter telomeres (mean ± SD T/S ratio, 1.20 ± 0.6 in controls vs 1.08 ± 0.9 in SGA vs 0.66 ± 0.5 in FGR; P = 0.047) and reduced Sirtuin-1 RNA expression (mean ± SD 2-ΔΔCt , 1.55 ± 0.8 in controls vs 0.91 ± 0.8 in SGA vs 0.63 ± 0.5 in FGR; P = 0.001) together with increased p53 RNA expression (median (interquartile range) 2-ΔΔCt , 1.07 (0.3-3.3) in controls vs 5.39 (0.6-15) in SGA vs 3.75 (0.9-7.8) in FGR; P = 0.040). FGR cases presented signs of apoptosis, with increased Caspase-3 RNA levels (median (interquartile range) 2-ΔΔCt , 0.94 (0.7-1.7) in controls vs 3.98 (0.9-31) in FGR; P = 0.031) and Caspase-9 RNA levels (median (interquartile range) 2-ΔΔCt , 1.21 (0.6-4.0) in controls vs 3.87 (1.5-9.0) in FGR; P = 0.037) compared with controls. In addition, Sirtuin-1 RNA expression, telomerase activity, telomere length and Caspase-3 activity showed significant linear trends across groups as severity of the condition increased. CONCLUSIONS Accelerated placental aging was observed in both clinical forms of late-onset fetal smallness (SGA and FGR), supporting a common pathophysiology and challenging the concept of SGA fetuses being constitutionally small. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Paules
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, ICGON, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A P Dantas
- Cardiovascular Institut, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Miranda
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, ICGON, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Crovetto
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, ICGON, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Eixarch
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, ICGON, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Disease (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Rodriguez-Sureda
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Disease (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Centre for Nanomedicine, Hospital Univeritari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Dominguez
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Disease (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Centre for Nanomedicine, Hospital Univeritari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Casu
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, ICGON, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Rovira
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - A Nadal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Crispi
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, ICGON, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Disease (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Gratacós
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, ICGON, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Disease (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Christian LM. At the forefront of psychoneuroimmunology in pregnancy: Implications for racial disparities in birth outcomes: PART 2: Biological mechanisms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 117:327-333. [PMID: 30885813 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
As reviewed in Part 1 of this two part review, birth prior to full term is a substantial public health issue. In the US, ˜400,000 babies per year are born preterm (< 37 weeks), while>1 million are early term (37-386/7 weeks) and remarkable racial disparities in shortened gestation are observed among African Americans as compared to Whites. Biomechanisms linking stressor exposures with birth outcomes are increasingly being explicated. The current paper reviews the mechanistic role of maternal biological functioning in the link between behavioral exposures and birth outcomes. These include the inter-related roles of neuroendocrine function, inflammatory regulation, biological aging, and the microbiome. An integrative approach which addresses both behavioral and biological factors within the same study, carefully considers the role of race/ethnicity, and rigorously defines birth outcomes (e.g., spontaneous versus medically-indicated and inclusive of early term birth) is needed to move research in this field toward better mechanistic understanding and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Christian
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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