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Johnson J, Shojaee M, Mitchell Crow J, Khanabdali R. From Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Engineered Extracellular Vesicles: A New Therapeutic Paradigm. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:705676. [PMID: 34409037 PMCID: PMC8366519 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.705676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells obtained from many tissues including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, and placenta. MSCs are the leading cell source for stem cell therapy due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, their low risk of tumorigenesis and lack of ethical constraints. However, clinical applications of MSCs remain limited. MSC therapeutic development continues to pose challenges in terms of preparation, purity, consistency, efficiency, reproducibility, processing time and scalability. Additionally, there are issues with their poor engraftment and survival in sites of disease or damage that limit their capacity to directly replace damaged cells. A key recent development in MSC research, however, is the now widely accepted view that MSCs primarily exert therapeutic effects via paracrine factor secretion. One of the major paracrine effectors are extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs represent a potential cell-free alternative to stem cell therapy but are also rapidly emerging as a novel therapeutic platform in their own right, particularly in the form of engineered EVs (EEVs) tailored to target a broad range of clinical indications. However, the development of EVs and EEVs for therapeutic application still faces a number of hurdles, including the establishment of a consistent, scalable cell source, and the development of robust GMP-compliant upstream and downstream manufacturing processes. In this review we will highlight the clinical challenges of MSC therapeutic development and discuss how EVs and EEVs can overcome the challenges faced in the clinical application of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jancy Johnson
- Exopharm Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Wijaya JC, Khanabdali R, Georgiou HM, Kokkinos MI, James PF, Brennecke SP, Kalionis B. Functional changes in decidual mesenchymal stem/stromal cells are associated with spontaneous onset of labour. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 26:636-651. [PMID: 32609359 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing and parturition share common pathways, but their relationship remains poorly understood. Decidual cells undergo ageing as parturition approaches term, and these age-related changes may trigger labour. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are the predominant stem cell type in the decidua. Stem cell exhaustion is a hallmark of ageing, and thus ageing of decidual MSCs (DMSCs) may contribute to the functional changes in decidual tissue required for term spontaneous labour. Here, we determine whether DMSCs from patients undergoing spontaneous onset of labour (SOL-DMSCs) show evidence of ageing-related functional changes compared with those from patients not in labour (NIL-DMSCs), undergoing Caesarean section. Placentae were collected from term (37-40 weeks of gestation), SOL (n = 18) and NIL (n = 17) healthy patients. DMSCs were isolated from the decidua basalis that remained attached to the placenta after delivery. DMSCs displayed stem cell-like properties and were of maternal origin. Important cell properties and lipid profiles were assessed and compared between SOL- and NIL-DMSCs. SOL-DMSCs showed reduced proliferation and increased lipid peroxidation, migration, necrosis, mitochondrial apoptosis, IL-6 production and p38 MAPK levels compared with NIL-DMSCs (P < 0.05). SOL- and NIL-DMSCs also showed significant differences in lipid profiles in various phospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine), sphingolipids (ceramide, sphingomyelin), triglycerides and acyl carnitine (P < 0.05). Overall, SOL-DMSCs had altered lipid profiles compared with NIL-DMSCs. In conclusion, SOL-DMSCs showed evidence of ageing-related reduced functionality, accumulation of cellular damage and changes in lipid profiles compared with NIL-DMSCs. These changes may be associated with term spontaneous labour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan C Wijaya
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ramin Khanabdali
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Exopharm Limited, Level 17, 31 Queen Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Harry M Georgiou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Maria I Kokkinos
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Patrick F James
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Exopharm Limited, Level 17, 31 Queen Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Shaun P Brennecke
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Bill Kalionis
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Khanabdali R, Zheng S, Melton PE, Georgiou HM, Moses E, Brennecke SP, Kalionis B. Late/post-term decidual basalis-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells show evidence of advanced ageing and downregulation of microRNA-516b-5p. Placenta 2021; 109:43-54. [PMID: 33975264 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The placenta is a short-lived organ, yet it shows signs of progressive ageing in the third trimester. Studies of ageing chorionic placental tissue have recently flourished, providing evidence of advanced ageing of tissues in the late/post-term (L/PT) period of gestation. However, ageing of the maternal aspect of the maternal-fetal interface, specifically the decidua basalis, is poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether the L/PT period was associated with advanced ageing and exhaustion of important decidua basalis mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (DMSCs) functions. METHODS In this study, DMSCs were isolated and characterised from early term (ET) and L/PT placental tissue and they were then investigated by employing various MSC potency and ageing assays. RNA sequencing was also performed to screen for specific microRNAs that are associated with stem cell exhaustion and ageing between ET- and L/PT-DMSCs. RESULTS L/PT-DMSCs, when compared to ET-DMSCs, showed significantly lower cell proliferation and a significant higher level of cell apoptosis. L/PT-DMSCs showed significantly lower resistance to oxidative stress and a significant decrease in antioxidant capacity compared with ET-DMSCs. Western blot analysis revealed increased expression of the stress-mediated P-p38MAPK protein in L/PT-DMSCs. RNA Sequencing showed microRNA (miR) miR-516b-5p, was present at significantly lower levels in L/PT-DMSCs. Inhibition of miR-516b-5p in ET-DMSCs revealed a decline in the ability of the inhibited cells to survive in extended cell culture. DISCUSSION These data provide the first evidence of advanced ageing and exhaustion of important stem cell functions in L/PT-DMSCs, and the involvement of specific miRs in the DMSC ageing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Khanabdali
- Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shixuan Zheng
- Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phillip E Melton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Harry M Georgiou
- Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric Moses
- The University of Tasmania, Menzies Institute for Medical Research. Tasmania, Australia
| | - Shaun P Brennecke
- Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bill Kalionis
- Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Wijaya JC, Khanabdali R, Georgiou HM, Kalionis B. Ageing in human parturition: impetus of the gestation clock in the decidua†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:695-710. [PMID: 32591788 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite sharing many common features, the relationship between ageing and parturition remains poorly understood. The decidua is a specialized lining of endometrial tissue, which develops in preparation for pregnancy. The structure and location of the decidua support its role as the physical scaffold for the growing embryo and placenta, and thus, it is vital to sustain pregnancy. Approaching term, the physical support properties of the decidua are naturally weakened to permit parturition. In this review, we hypothesize that the natural weakening of decidual tissue at parturition is promoted by the ageing process. Studies of the ageing-related functional and molecular changes in the decidua at parturition are reviewed and classified using hallmarks of ageing as the framework. The potential roles of decidual mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (DMSC) ageing in labor are also discussed because, although stem cell exhaustion is also a hallmark of ageing, its role in labor is not completely understood. In addition, the potential roles of extracellular vesicles secreted by DMSCs in labor, and their parturition-related miRNAs, are reviewed to gain further insight into this research area. In summary, the literature supports the notion that the decidua ages as the pregnancy progresses, and this may facilitate parturition, suggesting that ageing is the probable impetus of the gestational clocks in the decidua. This conceptual framework was developed to provide a better understanding of the natural ageing process of the decidua during parturition as well as to encourage future studies of the importance of healthy ageing for optimal pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan C Wijaya
- Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ramin Khanabdali
- Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Process Development, Exopharm Limited, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harry M Georgiou
- Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bill Kalionis
- Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Khanabdali R, Shojaee M, Johnson J, Law S, Whitmore M, Lim M, Schoppet M, Silva A, James P, Kalionis B, Dixon I, Lichtfuss GG, Tester A. Characterization of extracellular vesicles derived from two populations of human placenta derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) generated by alternative splicing represents a special class of non-coding RNA molecule. CircRNAs are abundant in the eukaryotic cell cytoplasm and have a characteristic organization, timing of action and disease specificity. In contrast to linear RNA, circRNAs are resistant to RNA exonuclease. Consequently, circRNA escapes normal RNA turnover and this improves circRNA stability. CircRNAs can be degraded by microRNA (miRNA) and this results in linearization of the circRNA, which can then act as competitor to endogenous RNA. Through interactions with disease-related miRNA, circRNA can play an important regulatory role in specific diseases. Furthermore, circRNAs have significant potential to become new clinical diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumei Liu
- a Department of Geriatrics , Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,b Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine , Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jian Wang
- c Department of Respiration , Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Ramin Khanabdali
- d Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre and University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Royal Women's Hospital , Parkville , Australia
| | - Bill Kalionis
- d Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre and University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Royal Women's Hospital , Parkville , Australia
| | - Xiantao Tai
- e Department of Clinical Massage, School of Acupuncture, Massage and Rehabilitation , Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Kunming , China
| | - Shijin Xia
- a Department of Geriatrics , Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
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Shakouri-Motlagh A, Khanabdali R, Heath DE, Kalionis B. The application of decellularized human term fetal membranes in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). Placenta 2017; 59:124-130. [PMID: 28693892 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) is a field that applies biology and engineering principles to "restore, maintain or repair a tissue after injury". Besides the potential to treat various diseases, these endeavours increase our understanding of fundamental cell biology. Although TERM has progressed rapidly, engineering a whole organ is still beyond our skills, primarily due to the complexity of tissues. Material science and current manufacturing methods are not capable of mimicking this complexity. Therefore, many researchers explore the use of naturally derived materials that maintain important biochemical, structural and mechanical properties of tissues. Consequently, employing non-cellular components of tissues, particularly the extracellular matrix, has emerged as an alternative to synthetic materials. Because of their complexity, decellularized tissues are not as well defined as synthetic materials but they provide cells with a microenvironment that resembles their natural niche. Decellularized tissues are produced from a variety of sources, among which the fetal membranes are excellent candidates since their supply is virtually unlimited, they are readily accessible with minimum ethical concerns and are often discarded as a biological waste. In this review, we will discuss various applications of decellularized fetal membranes as substrates for the expansion of stem cells, their use as two and three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue regeneration, and their use as cell delivery systems. We conclude that fetal membranes have great potential for use in TERM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Shakouri-Motlagh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ramin Khanabdali
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel E Heath
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Bill Kalionis
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Abstract
Activated microglial cells play an important role in immune and inflammatory responses in central nervous system and neurodegenerative diseases. Many pro-apoptotic pathways are mediated by signaling molecules that are produced during neuroinflammation. In glial cells, NF-κB, a transcription factor, initiates and regulates the expression of several inflammatory processes during inflammation which are attributed to the pathology of the several neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the most important neuroinflammatory mediators with their pathways. Attenuating cytokines production and controlling microglial inflammatory response, which are the result of understanding neuroinflammation pathways, are considered therapeutic strategies for treating neurodegenerative diseases with an inflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Shabab
- a Faculty of Science, Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program , Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Ramin Khanabdali
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia.,c Department of Perinatal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre , Royal Women's Hospital , Parkville , Australia
| | - Soheil Zorofchian Moghadamtousi
- a Faculty of Science, Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program , Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Habsah Abdul Kadir
- a Faculty of Science, Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program , Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Gokula Mohan
- a Faculty of Science, Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program , Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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Wu JZ, Huang JH, Khanabdali R, Kalionis B, Xia SJ, Cai WJ. Pyrroloquinoline quinone enhances the resistance to oxidative stress and extends lifespan upon DAF-16 and SKN-1 activities in C. elegans. Exp Gerontol 2016; 80:43-50. [PMID: 27090484 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is linked to fundamental biological processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis and lipid metabolism. PQQ may also function as an essential micronutrient during animal development. Recent studies have shown the therapeutic potential of PQQ for several age-related diseases due to its antioxidant capacity. However, whether PQQ can promote longevity is unknown. Here, we investigate the effects of PQQ on oxidative stress resistance as well as lifespan modulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that PQQ enhances resistance to oxidative stress and extends the lifespan of C. elegans at optimal doses. The underlying molecular mechanism involves the increased activities of the primary lifespan extension transcriptional factors DAF-16/FOXO, the conserved oxidative stress-responsive transcription factor SKN-1/Nrf2, and upregulation of daf-16, skn-1 downstream targets including sod-3, hsp16.2, gst-1 and gst-10. Our findings uncover a novel role of PQQ in longevity, supporting PQQ as a possible dietary supplement for overall health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Z Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Medicine and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - J H Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Medicine and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - R Khanabdali
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre, University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - B Kalionis
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre, University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - S J Xia
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - W J Cai
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Medicine and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Khanabdali R, Saadat A, Fazilah M, Bazli KFK, Qazi REM, Khalid RS, Hasan Adli DS, Moghadamtousi SZ, Naeem N, Khan I, Salim A, Shamsuddin SA, Mohan G. Promoting effect of small molecules in cardiomyogenic and neurogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 10:81-91. [PMID: 26766903 PMCID: PMC4699543 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s89658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecules, growth factors, and cytokines have been used to induce differentiation of stem cells into different lineages. Similarly, demethylating agents can trigger differentiation in adult stem cells. Here, we investigated the in vitro differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into cardiomyocytes by a demethylating agent, zebularine, as well as neuronal-like cells by β-mercaptoethanol in a growth factor or cytokines-free media. Isolated bone marrow-derived MSCs cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology. These cells expressed positive markers for CD29, CD44, and CD117 and were negative for CD34 and CD45. After treatment with 1 μM zebularine for 24 hours, the MSCs formed myotube-like structures after 10 days in culture. Expression of cardiac-specific genes showed that treated MSCs expressed significantly higher levels of cardiac troponin-T, Nkx2.5, and GATA-4 compared with untreated cells. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that differentiated cells also expressed cardiac proteins, GATA-4, Nkx 2.5, and cardiac troponin-T. For neuronal differentiation, MSCs were treated with 1 and 10 mM β-mercaptoethanol overnight for 3 hours in complete and serum-free Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, respectively. Following overnight treatment, neuron-like cells with axonal and dendritic-like projections originating from the cell body toward the neighboring cells were observed in the culture. The mRNA expression of neuronal-specific markers, Map2, Nefl, Tau, and Nestin, was significantly higher, indicating that the treated cells differentiated into neuronal-like cells. Immunostaining showed that differentiated cells were positive for the neuronal markers Flk, Nef, Nestin, and β-tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Khanabdali
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anbarieh Saadat
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maizatul Fazilah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Rida-e-Maria Qazi
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ramla Sana Khalid
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Nadia Naeem
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Khan
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Salim
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Gokula Mohan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zhang Y, Sivakumaran P, Newcomb AE, Hernandez D, Harris N, Khanabdali R, Liu GS, Kelly DJ, Pébay A, Hewitt AW, Boyle A, Harvey R, Morrison WA, Elliott DA, Dusting GJ, Lim SY. Cardiac Repair With a Novel Population of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Resident in the Human Heart. Stem Cells 2015; 33:3100-13. [PMID: 26184084 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac resident stem cells (CRSCs) hold much promise to treat heart disease but this remains a controversial field. Here, we describe a novel population of CRSCs, which are positive for W8B2 antigen and were obtained from adult human atrial appendages. W8B2(+) CRSCs exhibit a spindle-shaped morphology, are clonogenic and capable of self-renewal. W8B2(+) CRSCs show high expression of mesenchymal but not hematopoietic nor endothelial markers. W8B2(+) CRSCs expressed GATA4, HAND2, and TBX5, but not C-KIT, SCA-1, NKX2.5, PDGFRα, ISL1, or WT1. W8B2(+) CRSCs can differentiate into cardiovascular lineages and secrete a range of cytokines implicated in angiogenesis, chemotaxis, inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, cell growth, and survival. In vitro, conditioned medium collected from W8B2(+) CRSCs displayed prosurvival, proangiogenic, and promigratory effects on endothelial cells, superior to that of other adult stem cells tested, and additionally promoted survival and proliferation of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Intramyocardial transplantation of human W8B2(+) CRSCs into immunocompromised rats 1 week after myocardial infarction markedly improved cardiac function (∼40% improvement in ejection fraction) and reduced fibrotic scar tissue 4 weeks after infarction. Hearts treated with W8B2(+) CRSCs showed less adverse remodeling of the left ventricle, a greater number of proliferating cardiomyocytes (Ki67(+) cTnT(+) cells) in the remote region, higher myocardial vascular density, and greater infiltration of CD163(+) cells (a marker for M2 macrophages) into the border zone and scar regions. In summary, W8B2(+) CRSCs are distinct from currently known CRSCs found in human hearts, and as such may be an ideal cell source to repair myocardial damage after infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Andrew E Newcomb
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Vascular and Cardiac Surgery, The Cardiovascular Research Centre (CvRC), Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Damián Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,O'Brien Institute Department, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Harris
- O'Brien Institute Department, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ramin Khanabdali
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,O'Brien Institute Department, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Eye Research Australia & Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Darren J Kelly
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alice Pébay
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Eye Research Australia & Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Eye Research Australia & Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Boyle
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Harvey
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wayne A Morrison
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,O'Brien Institute Department, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,AORTEC, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A Elliott
- Cardiac Development, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory J Dusting
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,O'Brien Institute Department, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Eye Research Australia & Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,O'Brien Institute Department, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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Zorofchian Moghadamtousi S, Karimian H, Khanabdali R, Razavi M, Firoozinia M, Zandi K, Abdul Kadir H. Anticancer and antitumor potential of fucoidan and fucoxanthin, two main metabolites isolated from brown algae. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:768323. [PMID: 24526922 PMCID: PMC3910333 DOI: 10.1155/2014/768323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweed is one of the largest producers of biomass in marine environment and is a rich arsenal of active metabolites and functional ingredients with valuable beneficial health effects. Being a staple part of Asian cuisine, investigations on the crude extracts of Phaeophyceae or brown algae revealed marked antitumor activity, eliciting a variety of research to determine the active ingredients involved in this potential. The sulfated polysaccharide of fucoidan and carotenoid of fucoxanthin were found to be the most important active metabolites of brown algae as potential chemotherapeutic or chemopreventive agents. This review strives to provide detailed account of all current knowledge on the anticancer and antitumor activity of fucoidan and fucoxanthin as the two major metabolites isolated from brown algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Zorofchian Moghadamtousi
- Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hamed Karimian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ramin Khanabdali
- Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahboubeh Razavi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Firoozinia
- Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Keivan Zandi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Habsah Abdul Kadir
- Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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