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Cao D, Li B, Cao C, Zhang J, Li X, Li H, Yu Z, Shen H, Ye M. Caveolin-1 aggravates neurological deficits by activating neuroinflammation following experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Exp Neurol 2023; 368:114508. [PMID: 37598879 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the stroke subtypes with the highest mortality. Secondary brain injury is associated with neurological dysfunction and poor prognosis after ICH. Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is the key protein of Caveolae. Previous studies have shown that CAV1 plays an important role in central nervous system diseases, and pointed out that in a collagenase-induced ICH model in vivo, CAV1 is associated with neuroinflammatory activation and poor neurological prognosis. In this study, we explore the role and the molecular mechanism of CAV1 in brain injury via a rat autologous whole blood injection model and an in vitro model of ICH. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats ICH model was induced through autologous whole blood injecting into the right basal ganglia. The changes in protein levels of CAV1 in brain tissues of ICH rats were detected by western blot analysis. The immunofluorescent staining was used to explore the changes of CAV1 in microglia/macrophages (Iba1+ cells). Lentivirus vectors were administered by intracerebroventricular injection to induce CAV1 overexpression and knockdown respectively. The western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and Nissl staining were performed to explore the role of CAV1 in secondary brain injury after ICH. Meanwhile, the rotarod test, foot fault test, adhesive-removal test, and Modified Garcia Test, as well as Morris Water Maze test, were performed to evaluate the behavioral cognitive impairment of ICH rats after genetic intervention. Additionally, BV-2 cells treated with oxygen hemoglobin for 24 h, were used as an in vitro model of ICH in this study to explore the molecular mechanism of CAV1 in brain injury; we performed western blot analysis after precise regulation of CAV1 in BV2 cells to observe changes in protein levels and phosphorylated levels of C-Src, IKK-β, and NF-κB. RESULTS The expression of CAV1 in microglia/macrophages (Iba1+ cells) was elevated and reached the peak at 24 h after ICH. CAV1 knockdown ameliorated ICH-induced neurological deficits, while CAV1 overexpression significantly worsened neurological dysfunction of ICH rats. CAV1 knockdown attenuated cellular apoptosis and promoted neuronal survival in brain tissues of ICH rats, while the ICH rats with CAV1 overexpression presented more cellular apoptosis and neuronal loss. Meanwhile, CAV1 knockdown inhibited the microglia activation and neuroinflammatory response, while CAV1 overexpression abolished these effects and aggravated neuroinflammation in brain tissues of ICH rats. Additionally, by inducing to CAV1 knockdown in BV2 cells in an in vitro model of ICH, the levels of p-C-Src, CAV-1, p-CAV-1, and p-IKK-β in cytoplasm and the level of NF-κB p65 in nucleus of BV2 cells were significantly decreased, while they were increased by inducing to CAV1 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS Our research revealed CAV1 aggravated neurological dysfunction in a rat ICH model. CAV1 knockdown exerted neuroprotective effect by suppressing microglia activation and neuroinflammation after ICH might via the C-Src/CAV1/IKK-β/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demao Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Yancheng 224006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Neurocritical Intensive Care Unit, Jiangyin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical College, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Juyi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Ming Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Su WS, Wu CH, Song WS, Chen SF, Yang FY. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound ameliorates glia-mediated inflammation and neuronal damage in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage conditions. J Transl Med 2023; 21:565. [PMID: 37620888 PMCID: PMC10464049 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a condition associated with high morbidity and mortality, and glia-mediated inflammation is a major contributor to neurological deficits. However, there is currently no proven effective treatment for clinical ICH. Recently, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), a non-invasive method, has shown potential for neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects and potential mechanisms of LIPUS on glia-mediated inflammation in ICH. METHODS This study used 289 mice to investigate the effects of LIPUS on ICH. ICH was induced by injecting bacterial collagenase (type VII-S; 0.0375 U) into the striatum of the mice. LIPUS was applied noninvasively for 3 days, including a 2-h-delayed intervention to mimic clinical usage. The study evaluated neurological function, histology, brain water content, hemoglobin content, MRI, and protein expression of neurotrophic factors, inflammatory molecules, and apoptosis. In vitro studies investigated glia-mediated inflammation by adding thrombin (10 U/mL) or conditioned media to primary and cell line cultures. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 was used to confirm the effects of PI3K/Akt signaling after LIPUS treatment. RESULTS LIPUS treatment improved neurological deficits and reduced tissue loss, edema, and neurodegeneration after ICH. The protective effects of LIPUS resulted from decreased glia-mediated inflammation by inhibiting PI3K/Akt-NF-κB signaling, which reduced cytokine expression and attenuated microglial activation-induced neuronal damage in vitro. CONCLUSIONS LIPUS treatment improved neurological outcomes and reduced glia-mediated inflammation by inhibiting PI3K/Akt-NF-κB signaling after ICH. LIPUS may provide a non-invasive potential management strategy for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shen Su
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hu Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shin Song
- Division of Neurosurgery, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Fu Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, No. 45, Cheng Hsin Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Yi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
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Cheng J, Fan YQ, Zhang WF, Zhang G, Zeng K, Ye Z, Zhao D, Wu LQ, Chen ZB. Overexpressing SIRT6 can Attenuate the Injury of Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Down-Regulating NF-kB. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:53-63. [PMID: 35767210 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-022-08715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin-6 (SIRT6), a member of the sirtuins family of NAD ( +) dependent deacetylases, has been shown to have beneficial effects in ischemic stroke. However, the role of SIRT6 in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) has not reported. We observed that SIRT6 expression was down-regulated in human ICH patients and down-regulated in ICH-induced rat cortical neurons. We subsequently found that SIRT6 overexpression reduced brain tissue damage and increased neuronal survival in the ICH model of rats and hemin-induced cortical neurons. Our further study found that overexpression of SIRT6 can reduce inflammatory response by down-regulating the expression of NF-kB and thus promote the recovery of neurological function in ICH animals. In conclusion, SIRT6 can inhibit the expression of NF-kB and plays a neuroprotective role in ICH by inhibiting the NF-kB-mediated inflammatory response.SIRT6 could be a novel therapeutic target for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Street, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yan-Qin Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Street, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wen-Fei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Street, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Guo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Street, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Kuo Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Street, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhang Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Street, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- The Open Project of Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li-Quan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Street, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhi-Biao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Street, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Xue Y, Wang X, Wan B, Wang D, Li M, Cheng K, Luo Q, Wang D, Lu Y, Zhu L. Caveolin-1 accelerates hypoxia-induced endothelial dysfunction in high-altitude cerebral edema. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:160. [PMID: 36253854 PMCID: PMC9575296 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00976-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a serious and potentially fatal brain injury that is caused by acute hypobaric hypoxia (HH) exposure. Vasogenic edema is the main pathological factor of this condition. Hypoxia-induced disruptions of tight junctions in the endothelium trigger blood‒brain barrier (BBB) damage and induce vasogenic edema. Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) acts as a major regulator of hypoxia-induced endothelial cell injury, and caveolin-1 (CAV-1) is upregulated as its downstream gene in hypoxic endothelial cells. This study aimed to investigate whether CAV-1 is involved in HACE progression and the underlying mechanism. Methods C57BL/6 mice were exposed to HH (7600 m above sea level) for 24 h, and BBB injury was assessed by brain water content, Evans blue staining and FITC-dextran leakage. Immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscope, transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), transcytosis assays, and western blotting were performed to confirm the role and underlying mechanism of CAV-1 in the disruption of tight junctions and BBB permeability. Mice or bEnd.3 cells were pretreated with MβCD, a specific blocker of CAV-1, and the effect of CAV-1 on claudin-5 internalization under hypoxic conditions was detected by immunofluorescence, western blotting, and TEER. The expression of NRF1 was knocked down, and the regulation of CAV-1 by NRF1 under hypoxic conditions was examined by qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Results The BBB was severely damaged and was accompanied by a significant loss of vascular tight junction proteins in HACE mice. CAV-1 was significantly upregulated in endothelial cells, and claudin-5 explicitly colocalized with CAV-1. During the in vitro experiments, hypoxia increased cell permeability, CAV-1 expression, and claudin-5 internalization and downregulated tight junction proteins. Simultaneously, hypoxia induced the upregulation of CAV-1 by activating NRF1. Blocking CAV-1-mediated intracellular transport improved the integrity of TJs in hypoxic endothelial cells and effectively inhibited the increase in BBB permeability and brain water content in HH animals. Conclusions Hypoxia upregulated CAV-1 transcription via the activation of NRF1 in endothelial cells, thus inducing the internalization and autophagic degradation of claudin-5. These effects lead to the destruction of the BBB and trigger HACE. Therefore, CAV-1 may be a potential therapeutic target for HACE. Video abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00976-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xue
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, China.,Nantong Health College of Jiangsu Province, Nantong, 226010, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Baolan Wan
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Dongzhi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, China
| | - Meiqi Li
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Kang Cheng
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Qianqian Luo
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Yapeng Lu
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
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Secondary Mechanisms of Neurotrauma: A Closer Look at the Evidence. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10020030. [PMID: 35645251 PMCID: PMC9149951 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic central nervous system injury is a leading cause of neurological injury worldwide. While initial neuroresuscitative efforts are focused on ameliorating the effects of primary injury through patient stabilization, secondary injury in neurotrauma is a potential cause of cell death, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. These secondary injuries lack defined therapy. The major causes of secondary injury in neurotrauma include endoplasmic reticular stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the buildup of reactive oxygen or nitrogenous species. Stress to the endoplasmic reticulum in neurotrauma results in the overactivation of the unfolded protein response with subsequent cell apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to the release of caspases and the buildup of reactive oxygen species; several characteristics make the central nervous system particularly susceptible to oxidative damage. Together, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial, and oxidative stress can have detrimental consequences, beginning moments and lasting days to months after the primary injury. Understanding these causative pathways has led to the proposal of various potential treatment options.
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Tsai HH, Hsieh YC, Lin JS, Kuo ZT, Ho CY, Chen CH, Chang CF. Functional Investigation of Meningeal Lymphatic System in Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Stroke 2022; 53:987-998. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.037834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Promotion of hematoma resolution in a timely manner reduces intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) brain injury induced by toxic blood components and subsequent neuroinflammation. The meningeal lymphatic system is responsible for clearance of macromolecules and pathogenic substances from the central nervous system; however, its role in intraparenchymal hematoma clearance and ICH outcomes is unknown. In the present study, we aimed to understand the contribution of the meningeal lymphatic system to ICH pathologies and to test whether pharmacological enhancement of meningeal lymphatic function promotes hematoma resolution and brain recovery after ICH.
Methods:
Immunofluorescence of whole-mount meninges was used to measure complexity and coverage level of meningeal lymphatic vasculature following ICH induction. Fluorescent microbeads and PKH-26-labeled erythrocytes were used to evaluate drainage function of the meningeal lymphatic system. Visudyne treatment, deep cervical lymph node ligation, and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-C injection were performed to manipulate meningeal lymphatic function. Neurobehavioral performance and hematoma volume were assayed by the cylinder test and histological measurements. Iron deposition, residual erythrocytes, neuronal loss, and astrogliosis were assessed by immunohistochemistry and antibody-based fluorescence staining.
Results:
Meningeal lymphangiogenesis and enhanced lymphatic drainage occurred during the late phase of ICH. Ablation and blockage of meningeal lymphatic vessels impeded hematoma clearance, whereas pharmacological enhancement of their function reduced hematoma volume, improved behavioral performance, and reduced brain residual erythrocytes, iron deposition, neuronal loss, and astroglial activation.
Conclusions:
Early enhancement of meningeal lymphatic function is beneficial for ICH recovery. Targeting the meningeal lymphatic system is therefore a potential therapeutic approach for treating ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hsi Tsai
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei (H.-H.T.)
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (H.-H.T.)
| | - Yung-Chia Hsieh
- School of Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei. (Y.-C.H.)
- Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei. (Y.-C.H., J.S.L., Z.-T.K., C.-Y.H., C.-H.C., C.-F.C.)
| | - Jhih Syuan Lin
- Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei. (Y.-C.H., J.S.L., Z.-T.K., C.-Y.H., C.-H.C., C.-F.C.)
| | - Zi-Ting Kuo
- Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei. (Y.-C.H., J.S.L., Z.-T.K., C.-Y.H., C.-H.C., C.-F.C.)
| | - Chi-Ying Ho
- Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei. (Y.-C.H., J.S.L., Z.-T.K., C.-Y.H., C.-H.C., C.-F.C.)
| | - Chih-Hung Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei. (Y.-C.H., J.S.L., Z.-T.K., C.-Y.H., C.-H.C., C.-F.C.)
| | - Che-Feng Chang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei. (Y.-C.H., J.S.L., Z.-T.K., C.-Y.H., C.-H.C., C.-F.C.)
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Zhu Y, Huang Y, Yang J, Tu R, Zhang X, He WW, Hou CY, Wang XM, Yu JM, Jiang GH. Intranasal insulin ameliorates neurological impairment after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:210-216. [PMID: 34100458 PMCID: PMC8451559 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.314320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer’s disease and ischemic stroke, intranasal insulin can act as a neuroprotective agent. However, whether intranasal insulin has a neuroprotective effect in intracerebral hemorrhage and its potential mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, a mouse model of autologous blood-induced intracerebral hemorrhage was treated with 0.5, 1, or 2 IU insulin via intranasal delivery, twice per day, until 24 or 72 hours after surgery. Compared with saline treatment, 1 IU intranasal insulin treatment significantly reduced hematoma volume and brain edema after cerebral hemorrhage, decreased blood-brain barrier permeability and neuronal degeneration damage, reduced neurobehavioral deficits, and improved the survival rate of mice. Expression levels of p-AKT and p-GSK3β were significantly increased in the perihematoma tissues after intranasal insulin therapy. Our findings suggest that intranasal insulin therapy can protect the neurological function of mice after intracerebral hemorrhage through the AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the North Sichuan Medical College of China (approval No. NSMC(A)2019(01)) on January 7, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Rong Tu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei-Wei He
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chang-Yue Hou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ju-Ming Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Guo-Hui Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
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Zhang D, Shen X, Pang K, Yang Z, Yu A. VSIG4 alleviates intracerebral hemorrhage induced brain injury by suppressing TLR4-regulated inflammatory response. Brain Res Bull 2021; 176:67-75. [PMID: 34419512 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Numerous evidence demonstrated that macrophage mediated inflammation contributed to brain injury following ICH, but the molecular mechanism had not been well studied. V-set immunoglobulin-domain-containing 4 (VSIG4), specifically expresses in resting tissue-resident macrophages, can deliver anti-inflammatory signals into various inflammatory diseases. However, the role of VSIG4 on ICH has not been reported. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the levels of VSIG4 in macrophages following ICH. Furthermore, Macrophage M1/M2 polarization, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, BBB disruption, brain water content and neurological function were examined in ICH mice. In addition, TLR4/NF-κβ downstream signals were also analyzed. RESULTS The results showed that VSIG4 levels of macrophage decreased following ICH, leading to macrophage M1 polarization. Up-regulation of VSIG4 inhibited macrophage M1 polarization, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, BBB disruption, as well as neurological deficits. Up-regulation of VSIG4 attenuated macrophage TLR4 levels following ICH. Co-IP demonstrated that VSIG4 could interact with TLR4 and inhibit its expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that VSIG4 was negatively correlated with TLR4 and involved in the pathogenesis of ICH, which prevented brain injury and attenuated deleterious inflammatory responses following ICH. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effect of VSIG4 was mainly through the blockage of TLR4/NF-κβ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhu Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Xue Shen
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Ke Pang
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China.
| | - Anyong Yu
- Emergency Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563003, China.
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Caveolin-1, a novel player in cognitive decline. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 129:95-106. [PMID: 34237390 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive decline (CD), which related to vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and diabetes mellitus, is a growing health concern that has a great impact on the patients' quality of life. Although extensive efforts, the mechanisms of CD are still far from being clarified, not to mention the effective treatment and prevention strategies. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a trans-membrane protein, is a major component of the caveolae structure and scaffolding proteins. Recently, ample evidence depicts a strong correlation between Cav-1 and CD, however, the specific role of Cav-1 in CD has not been clearly examined and how they might be connected have yet to be identified. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive overview about how Cav-1 modulates pathogeneses of CD-associated diseases. In summary, Cav-1 can promote structural and functional plasticity of neurons, improve neurogenesis, relieve mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibit inflammation and suppress oxidative stress, which have shed light on the idea that Cav-1 may be an efficacious therapeutic target to treat CD.
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10
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Yang W, Geng C, Yang Z, Xu B, Shi W, Yang Y, Tian Y. Deciphering the roles of caveolin in neurodegenerative diseases: The good, the bad and the importance of context. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101116. [PMID: 32554058 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), which contribute to progressive and irreversible impairments of both the structure and function of the nervous system, pose a substantial socioeconomic burden on society. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, membrane damage, DNA damage, and abnormal protein degradation pathways play pivotal roles in the etiology of NDDs. Recently, growing evidence has demonstrated that caveolins are important in the pathology of NDDs due to their cellular functions in signal transduction, endocytosis, transcytosis, cholesterol transport, and lipid homeostasis. Given the significance of caveolins, here we review the literature to clarify their molecular mechanisms and roles in NDDs. We first briefly introduce the general background on caveolins. Next, we focus on the various important functions of caveolins in the brain. Finally, we emphasize recent progress regarding caveolins, especially Cav-1, which exert both benefit and unfavorable effects in NDDs such as AD and PD. Collectively, the data presented here should advance the investigation of caveolins for the future development of innovative strategies for the treatment of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Yang
- Department of Medical Research Center, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an 710021, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Life of Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Chenhui Geng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Life of Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Life of Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Baoping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Life of Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Wenzhen Shi
- Department of Medical Research Center, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Life of Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Medical Research Center, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an 710021, China.
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11
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Cheng J, Tang JC, Pan MX, Chen SF, Zhao D, Zhang Y, Liao HB, Zhuang Y, Lei RX, Wang S, Liu AC, Chen J, Zhang ZH, Li HT, Wan Q, Chen QX. l-lysine confers neuroprotection by suppressing inflammatory response via microRNA-575/PTEN signaling after mouse intracerebral hemorrhage injury. Exp Neurol 2020; 327:113214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Zhao D, Qin XP, Chen SF, Liao XY, Cheng J, Liu R, Lei Y, Zhang ZF, Wan Q. PTEN Inhibition Protects Against Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced Brain Injury Through PTEN/E2F1/β-Catenin Pathway. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:281. [PMID: 31866820 PMCID: PMC6906195 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke with highest mortality and morbidity. We have previously demonstrated that dipotassium bisperoxo (picolinato) oxovanadate (V), (bpV[pic]) inhibits phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. In this study, we examined the effect of bpV[pic] in the rat ICH model in vivo and the hemin-induced injury model in rat cortical cultures. The rat model of ICH was created by injecting autologous blood into the striatum, and bpV[pic] was intraperitoneally injected. The effects of bpV[pic] were evaluated by neurological tests, Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining, and Nissl staining. We demonstrate that bpV[pic] attenuates ICH-induced brain injury in vivo and hemin-induced neuron injury in vitro. The expression of E2F1 was increased, but β-catenin expression was decreased after ICH, and the altered expressions of E2F1 and β-catenin after ICH were blocked by bpV[pic] treatment. Our results further show that bpV[pic] increases β-catenin expression through downregulating E2F1 in cortical neurons and prevents hemin-induced neuronal damage through E2F1 downregulation and subsequent upregulation of β-catenin. By testing the effect of PTEN-siRNA, PTEN cDNA, or combined use of ERK1/2 inhibitor and bpV[pic] in cultured cortical neurons after hemin-induced injury, we provide evidence suggesting that PTEN inhibition by bpV[pic] confers neuroprotection through E2F1 and β-catenin pathway, but the neuroprotective role of ERK1/2 activation by bpV[pic] cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xing-Ping Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song-Feng Chen
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Yu Liao
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Lei
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurosurgery of the Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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13
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Wu CH, Chen CC, Hung TH, Chuang YC, Chao M, Shyue SK, Chen SF. Activation of TrkB/Akt signaling by a TrkB receptor agonist improves long-term histological and functional outcomes in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:53. [PMID: 31307481 PMCID: PMC6628494 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) induces a complex sequence of apoptotic cascades that contribute to secondary neuronal damage. Tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) signaling plays a crucial role in promoting neuronal survival following brain damage. METHODS The present study investigated the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of TrkB activation by the specific TrkB agonist, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), in a model of collagenase-induced ICH and in neuronal cultures. Mice subjected to collagenase-induced ICH were intraperitoneally injected with either 7,8-DHF or vehicle 10 min after ICH and, subsequently, daily for 3 days. Behavioral studies, brain edema measurement, and histological analysis were conducted. Levels of TrkB signaling-related molecules and apoptosis-related proteins were analyzed by western blots. RESULTS Treatment with 20 mg/kg 7,8-DHF significantly improved functional recovery and reduced brain damage up to 28 days post-ICH. Reduction in neuronal death, apoptosis, and brain edema were also observed in response to 7,8-DHF treatment at 3 days post-ICH. These changes were accompanied by a significant increase in the phosphorylation of TrkB and Akt (Ser473/Thr308) at 1 and 3 days, but had no effect on Erk 44/42 phosphorylation. 7,8-DHF also enhanced the phosphorylation of Ask-1 Ser967 and FOXO-1, downstream targets of Akt at 1 and 3 days. Moreover, 7,8-DHF increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels at 1 day. In primary cultured neurons stimulated with hemin, 7,8-DHF promoted survival and reduced apoptosis. Furthermore, delaying the administration of 7,8-DHF to 3 h post-ICH reduced brain tissue damage and neuronal death. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the activation of TrkB signaling by 7,8-DHF protects against ICH via the Akt, but not the Erk, pathway. These data provide new insights into the role of TrkB signaling deficit in the pathophysiology of ICH and highlight TrkB/Akt as possible therapeutic targets in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, 45 Cheng Hsin Street, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Gerontology and Health Care Management, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ho Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taipei and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chieh Chuang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min Chao
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Song-Kun Shyue
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Szu-Fu Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, 45 Cheng Hsin Street, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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14
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The Role of Caveolin-1 in Retinal Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1185:169-173. [PMID: 31884607 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27378-1_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although the retina resides within the immune-protected ocular environment, inflammatory processes mounted in the eye can lead to retinal damage. Unchecked chronic ocular inflammation leads to retinal damage. Thus, retinal degenerative diseases that result in chronic inflammation accelerate retinal tissue destruction and vision loss. Treatments for chronic retinal inflammation involve corticosteroid administration, which has been associated with glaucoma and cataract formation. Therefore, we must consider novel, alternative treatments. Here, we provide a brief review of our current understanding of chronic innate inflammatory processes in retinal degeneration and the complex role of a putative inflammatory regulator, Caveolin-1 (Cav1). Furthermore, we suggest that the complex role of Cav1 in retinal inflammatory modulation is likely dictated by cell type-specific subcellular localization.
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15
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Wang F, Cao Y, Ma L, Pei H, Rausch WD, Li H. Dysfunction of Cerebrovascular Endothelial Cells: Prelude to Vascular Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:376. [PMID: 30505270 PMCID: PMC6250852 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by progressive cognitive impairment, memory loss, and thinking or speech problems. VaD is usually caused by cerebrovascular disease, during which, cerebrovascular endothelial cells (CECs) are vulnerable. CEC dysfunction occurs before the onset of VaD and can eventually lead to dysregulation of cerebral blood flow and blood-brain barrier damage, followed by the activation of glia and inflammatory environment in the brain. White matter, neuronal axons, and synapses are compromised in this process, leading to cognitive impairment. The present review summarizes the mechanisms underlying CEC impairment during hypoperfusion and pathological role of CECs in VaD. Through the comprehensive examination and summarization, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway, Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) signaling pathway, and CEC-derived caveolin-1 (CAV-1) are proposed to serve as targets of new drugs for the treatment of VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixue Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pei
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wolf Dieter Rausch
- Department for Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Gang X, Han Q, Zhao X, Liu Q, Wang Y. Dynamic Changes in Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Human Perihematoma Tissue after Intracerebral Hemorrhage. World Neurosurg 2018; 118:e593-e600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.06.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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17
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Yu A, Zhang X, Li M, Ye P, Duan H, Zhang T, Yang Z. Tim-3 enhances brain inflammation by promoting M1 macrophage polarization following intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 53:143-148. [PMID: 29107214 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage polarization contributes to brain inflammation following spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (Tim-3) has been identified to induce macrophage mediated inflammation following ICH. However, the regulation of Tim-3 on macrophage polarization following ICH has not been fully studied. In current experiment, we explored Tim-3 expression, macrophage polarization, brain water content and neurological function in WT and Tim-3-/- ICH mice. In addition, downstream transcriptional factor TRIF and IRF3 were also analyzed. We found that ICH promoted Tim-3 expression and M1 polarization in the perihematomal region of WT mice, leading to increased brain water content and neurological impairment. However, deletion of Tim-3 expression attenuated M1 polarization, decreased rain water content and improved neurological function of ICH mice. Furthermore, Tim-3 signal promoted transcriptional factors TRIF and IRF3 levels, regulating macrophage polarization. The data suggested that Tim-3 played a crucial role in the macrophage polarization and brain inflammation following ICH, and might represent a promising way in ICH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyong Yu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Haizhen Duan
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Tianxi Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China.
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18
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Wang Y, Jiang S, Xiao J, Liang Q, Tang M. Sparstolonin B improves neurological outcomes following intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:5436-5442. [PMID: 29844805 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation serves an important role in inducing secondary injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). It has been demonstrated that sparstolonin B (SsnB) is able to attenuate the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in sepsis. Mouse ICH models were used to explore the efficacy of SsnB on the ICH-induced inflammatory response. Mice underwent a working memory version of Morris water maze (MWM) test. They underwent 5 successive days of training consisting of 4 trials each day. The ICH model was established on the last training day. Mice were injected intraperitoneally either with vehicle or SsnB once a day for 3 consecutive days following the establishment of the ICH model. The MWM was used to determine the effect of SsnB on short-term memory following ICH. Neurological deficit scores and brain water content were measured following the MWM. Furthermore, the expression of inflammatory factors and signaling molecules downstream of TLR4 were measured. The results demonstrated that 5 mg/kg SsnB significantly improved the MWM path and time latency (P<0.05). Furthermore, neurological deficit scores were decreased in SsnB-treated mice compared with vehicle-treated mice (P<0.01). Brain water content, levels of inflammatory cytokines and the expression of inflammation-associated proteins were also significantly reduced in the SsnB-treated group (P<0.05). These results indicate that SsnB treatment stimulates short-term neurobehavioral recovery and reduces neurological deficits and this may inhibit the inflammatory response. Therefore, SsnB may attenuate the inflammatory response following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ba-Nan People's Hospital, Chongqing 401320, P.R. China
| | - Side Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Ba-Nan People's Hospital, Chongqing 401320, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Ba-Nan People's Hospital, Chongqing 401320, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoli Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Mingshan Tang
- Department of Neurology, Ba-Nan People's Hospital, Chongqing 401320, P.R. China
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19
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Chang CF, Goods BA, Askenase MH, Hammond MD, Renfroe SC, Steinschneider AF, Landreneau MJ, Ai Y, Beatty HE, da Costa LHA, Mack M, Sheth KN, Greer DM, Huttner A, Coman D, Hyder F, Ghosh S, Rothlin CV, Love JC, Sansing LH. Erythrocyte efferocytosis modulates macrophages towards recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage. J Clin Invest 2017; 128:607-624. [PMID: 29251628 DOI: 10.1172/jci95612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a source of both proinflammatory and restorative functions in damaged tissue through complex dynamic phenotypic changes. Here, we sought to determine whether monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) contribute to recovery after acute sterile brain injury. By profiling the transcriptional dynamics of MDMs in the murine brain after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), we found robust phenotypic changes in the infiltrating MDMs over time and demonstrated that MDMs are essential for optimal hematoma clearance and neurological recovery. Next, we identified the mechanism by which the engulfment of erythrocytes with exposed phosphatidylserine directly modulated the phenotype of both murine and human MDMs. In mice, loss of receptor tyrosine kinases AXL and MERTK reduced efferocytosis of eryptotic erythrocytes and hematoma clearance, worsened neurological recovery, exacerbated iron deposition, and decreased alternative activation of macrophages after ICH. Patients with higher circulating soluble AXL had poor 1-year outcomes after ICH onset, suggesting that therapeutically augmenting efferocytosis may improve functional outcomes by both reducing tissue injury and promoting the development of reparative macrophage responses. Thus, our results identify the efferocytosis of eryptotic erythrocytes through AXL/MERTK as a critical mechanism modulating macrophage phenotype and contributing to recovery from ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Feng Chang
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brittany A Goods
- Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael H Askenase
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Matthew D Hammond
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stephen C Renfroe
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Margaret J Landreneau
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Youxi Ai
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hannah E Beatty
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Luís Henrique Angenendt da Costa
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kevin N Sheth
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - David M Greer
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Daniel Coman
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Biomedical Engineering
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Biomedical Engineering
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, and
| | - Carla V Rothlin
- Department of Pharmacology, and.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren H Sansing
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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20
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Wu CH, Shyue SK, Hung TH, Wen S, Lin CC, Chang CF, Chen SF. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase reduces brain damage and attenuates neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:230. [PMID: 29178914 PMCID: PMC5702198 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-1005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory responses significantly contribute to neuronal damage and poor functional outcomes following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is known to induce neuroinflammatory responses via degradation of anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET), and sEH is upregulated in response to brain injury. The present study investigated the involvement of sEH in ICH-induced neuroinflammation, brain damage, and functional deficits using a mouse ICH model and microglial cultures. Methods ICH was induced by injecting collagenase in both wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and sEH knockout (KO) mice. WT mice were injected intracerebroventricularly with 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-dodecanoic acid (AUDA), a selective sEH inhibitor, 30 min before ICH. Expression of sEH in the hemorrhagic hemisphere was examined by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. The effects of genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of sEH by AUDA on neuroinflammatory responses, EET degradation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, histological damage, and functional deficits were evaluated. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of sEH inactivation was investigated in thrombin- or hemin-stimulated cultured microglia. Results ICH induced an increase in sEH protein levels in the hemorrhagic hemisphere from 3 h to 4 days. sEH was expressed in microglia/macrophages, astrocytes, neurons, and endothelial cells in the perihematomal region. Genetic deletion of sEH significantly attenuated microglia/macrophage activation and expression of inflammatory mediators and reduced EET degradation at 1 and 4 days post-ICH. Deletion of sEH also reduced BBB permeability, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity, neutrophil infiltration, and neuronal damage at 1 and 4 days. Likewise, administration of AUDA attenuated proinflammatory microglia/macrophage activation and EET degradation at 1 day post-ICH. These findings were associated with a reduction in functional deficits and brain damage for up to 28 days. AUDA also ameliorated neuronal death, BBB disruption, MMP-9 activity, and neutrophil infiltration at 1 day. However, neither gene deletion nor pharmacological inhibition of sEH altered the hemorrhage volume following ICH. In primary microglial cultures, genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of sEH by AUDA reduced thrombin- and hemin-induced microglial activation. Furthermore, AUDA reduced thrombin- and hemin-induced P38 MAPK and NF-κB activation in BV2 microglia cultures. Ultimately, AUDA attenuated N2A neuronal death that was induced by BV2 microglial conditioned media. Conclusions Our results suggest that inhibition of sEH may provide a potential therapy for ICH by suppressing microglia/macrophage-mediated neuroinflammation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-017-1005-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Song-Kun Shyue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tai-Ho Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shin Wen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chao-Chang Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, 45 Cheng Hsin Street, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Che-Feng Chang
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Szu-Fu Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, 45 Cheng Hsin Street, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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21
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Hung TH, Shyue SK, Wu CH, Chen CC, Lin CC, Chang CF, Chen SF. Deletion or inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase protects against brain damage and reduces microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103236-103260. [PMID: 29262558 PMCID: PMC5732724 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces a series of inflammatory processes that contribute to neuronal damage. The present study investigated the involvement of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in neuroinflammation and brain damage in mouse TBI and in microglial cultures. The effects of genetic deletion of sEH and treatment with an sEH inhibitor, 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-dodecanoic acid (AUDA), on brain damage and inflammatory responses were evaluated in mice subjected to controlled cortical impact. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of sEH inhibition/deletion was investigated in vitro. TBI-induced an increase in sEH protein level in the injured cortex from 1 h to 4 days and sEH was expressed in microglia. Genetic deletion of sEH significantly attenuated functional deficits and brain damage up to 28 days post-TBI. Deletion of sEH also reduced neuronal death, apoptosis, brain edema, and BBB permeability at 1 and 4 day(s). These changes were associated with markedly reduced microglial/macrophage activation, neutrophil infiltration, matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity, inflammatory mediator expression at 1 and 4 day(s), and epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) degradation at 1 and 4 day(s). Administration of AUDA attenuated brain edema, apoptosis, inflammatory mediator upregulation and EET degradation at 4 days. In primary microglial cultures, AUDA attenuated both LPS- or IFN-γ-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production and reduced LPS- or IFN-γ-induced p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Deletion of sEH also reduced IFN-γ-induced NO production. Moreover, AUDA attenuated N2A neuronal death induced by BV2 microglial-conditioned media. Our results suggest that inhibition of sEH may be a potential therapy for TBI by modulating the cytotoxic functions of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ho Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taipei and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Song-Kun Shyue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Cheng Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chao-Chang Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Che-Feng Chang
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Szu-Fu Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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22
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Zhou YF, Zhang C, Yang G, Qian ZM, Zhang MW, Ma J, Zhang FL, Ke Y. Hepcidin Protects Neuron from Hemin-Mediated Injury by Reducing Iron. Front Physiol 2017; 8:332. [PMID: 28588503 PMCID: PMC5440571 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemin plays a key role in mediating secondary neuronal injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and the cell toxicity of hemin is thought to be due to iron that is liberated when hemin is degraded. In a recent study, we demonstrated the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin reduces brain iron in iron-overloaded rats. Therefore, we hypothesized that hepcidin might be able to reduce iron and then protect neurons from hemin or iron-mediated neurotoxicity in hemin-treated neuronal cells. Here, we tested the hypothesis and demonstrated that ad-hepcidin and hepcidin peptide both have the ability to suppress the hemin-induced increase in LDH release and apoptotic cell numbers, to reduce cell iron and ferritin contents, and to inhibit expression of transferrin receptor 1, divalent metal transporter 1, and ferroportin 1 in hemin-treated neurons. We conclude that hepcidin protects neuron from hemin-mediated injury by reducing iron via inhibition of expression of iron transport proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fu Zhou
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong KongShatin, Hong Kong
| | - Guang Yang
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Qian
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Meng-Wan Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong KongShatin, Hong Kong
| | - Juan Ma
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong KongShatin, Hong Kong
| | - Fa-Li Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong KongShatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ya Ke
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong KongShatin, Hong Kong
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23
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Alternative activation-skewed microglia/macrophages promote hematoma resolution in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 103:54-69. [PMID: 28365213 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia/macrophages (MMΦ) are highly plastic phagocytes that can promote both injury and repair in diseased brain through the distinct function of classically activated and alternatively activated subsets. The role of MMΦ polarization in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is unknown. Herein, we comprehensively characterized MMΦ dynamics after ICH in mice and evaluated the relevance of MMΦ polarity to hematoma resolution. MMΦ accumulated within the hematoma territory until at least 14days after ICH induction. Microglia rapidly reacted to the hemorrhagic insult as early as 1-1.5h after ICH and specifically presented a "protective" alternatively activated phenotype. Substantial numbers of activated microglia and newly recruited monocytes also assumed an early alternatively activated phenotype, but the phenotype gradually shifted to a mixed spectrum over time. Ultimately, markers of MMΦ classic activation dominated at the chronic stage of ICH. We enhanced MMΦ alternative activation by administering intraperitoneal injections of rosiglitazone, and subsequently observed elevations in CD206 expression on brain-isolated CD11b+ cells and increases in IL-10 levels in serum and perihematomal tissue. Enhancement of MMΦ alternative activation correlated with hematoma volume reduction and improvement in neurologic deficits. Intraventricular injection of alternative activation signature cytokine IL-10 accelerated hematoma resolution, whereas microglial phagocytic ability was abolished by IL-10 receptor neutralization. Our results suggest that MMΦ respond dynamically to brain hemorrhage by exhibiting diverse phenotypic changes at different stages of ICH. Alternative activation-skewed MMΦ aid in hematoma resolution, and IL-10 signaling might contribute to regulation of MMΦ phagocytosis and hematoma clearance in ICH.
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24
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Li D, Liu N, Zhao HH, Zhang X, Kawano H, Liu L, Zhao L, Li HP. Interactions between Sirt1 and MAPKs regulate astrocyte activation induced by brain injury in vitro and in vivo. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:67. [PMID: 28356158 PMCID: PMC5372348 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Astrocyte activation is a hallmark of traumatic brain injury resulting in neurological dysfunction or death for an overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and glial scar formation. Both the silent mating type information (Sirt1) expression and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway activation represent a promising therapeutic target for several models of neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated the potential effects of Sirt1 upregulation and MAPK pathway pharmacological inhibition on astrocyte activation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we attempted to confirm the underlying interactions between Sirt1 and MAPK pathways in astrocyte activation after brain injury. Methods The present study employs an interleukin-1β (IL-1β) stimulated primary cortical astrocyte model in vitro and a nigrostriatal pathway injury model in vivo to mimic the astrocyte activation induced by traumatic brain injury. The activation of GFAP, Sirt1, and MAPK pathways were detected by Western blot; astrocyte morphological hypertrophy was assessed using immunofluorescence staining; in order to explore the neuroprotective effect of regulation Sirt1 expression and MAPK pathway activation, the motor and neurological function tests were assessed after injury. Results GFAP level and morphological hypertrophy of astrocytes are elevated after injury in vitro or in vivo. Furthermore, the expressions of phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK), phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and phosphorylated p38 activation (p-p38) are upregulated, but the Sirt1 expression is downregulated. Overexpression of Sirt1 significantly increases the p-ERK expression and reduces the p-JNK and p-p38 expressions. Inhibition of ERK, JNK, or p38 activation respectively with their inhibitors significantly elevated the Sirt1 expression and attenuated the astrocyte activation. Both the overproduction of Sirt1 and inhibition of ERK, JNK, or p38 activation can alleviate the astrocyte activation, thereby improving the neurobehavioral function according to the modified neurological severity scores (mNSS) and balance latency test. Conclusions Thus, Sirt1 plays a protective role against astrocyte activation, which may be associated with the regulation of the MAPK pathway activation induced by brain injury in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hai-Hua Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hitoshi Kawano
- Department of Health and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, 170-8445, Japan
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-Peng Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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25
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Coelho-Santos V, Socodato R, Portugal C, Leitão RA, Rito M, Barbosa M, Couraud PO, Romero IA, Weksler B, Minshall RD, Fontes-Ribeiro C, Summavielle T, Relvas JB, Silva AP. Methylphenidate-triggered ROS generation promotes caveolae-mediated transcytosis via Rac1 signaling and c-Src-dependent caveolin-1 phosphorylation in human brain endothelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4701-4716. [PMID: 27376435 PMCID: PMC11108272 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) is an amphetamine-like stimulant commonly prescribed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Despite its widespread use, the cellular/molecular effects of MPH remain elusive. Here, we report a novel direct role of MPH on the regulation of macromolecular flux through human brain endothelial cells (ECs). MPH significantly increased caveolae-mediated transcytosis of horseradish peroxidase through ECs without affecting paracellular permeability. Using FRET-based live cell imaging, together with pharmacological inhibitors and lentiviral-mediated shRNA knockdown, we demonstrate that MPH promoted ROS generation via activation of Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidase (NOX) and c-Src activation at the plasma membrane. c-Src in turn was shown to mediate the phosphorylation of caveolin-1 (Cav1) on Tyr14 leading to enhanced caveolae formation and transendothelial transport. Accordingly, the inhibition of Cav1 phosphorylation by overexpression of a phosphodefective Cav1Y14F mutant or knocking down Cav1 expression abrogated MPH-induced transcytosis. In addition, both vitamin C and inhibition of NOX blocked MPH-triggered vesicular transport. This study, therefore, identifies Rac1/NOX/c-Src-dependent signaling in MPH-induced increase in transendothelial permeability of brain endothelial cell monolayers via caveolae-mediated transcytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Coelho-Santos
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Renato Socodato
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Camila Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo A Leitão
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel Rito
- Neurosurgery Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marcos Barbosa
- Neurosurgery Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pierre-Olivier Couraud
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ignacio A Romero
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Babette Weksler
- Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carlos Fontes-Ribeiro
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Summavielle
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João B Relvas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P Silva
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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26
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Soares ES, Stávale LM, Mendonça MCP, Coope A, Cruz-Höfling MAD. Age-Related Modulations of AQP4 and Caveolin-1 in the Hippocampus Predispose the Toxic Effect of Phoneutria nigriventer Spider Venom. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111462. [PMID: 27886057 PMCID: PMC5133769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that Phoneutria nigriventer venom (PNV) causes blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, swelling of astrocytes end-feet and fluid permeation into brain interstitium in rats. Caveolae and water channels respond to BBB alterations by co-participation in shear stress response and edema formation/resolution. Herein, we showed post-natal developmental-related changes of two BBB-associated transporter proteins: the endothelial caveolin-1 (Cav-1), the major scaffolding protein from caveolae frame, and the astroglial aquaporin-4 (AQP4), the main water channel protein expressed in astrocytic peri-vascular end-feet processes, in the hippocampus of rats intraperitoneally-administered PNV. Western blotting protein levels; immunohistochemistry (IHC) protein distribution in CA1, CA2, and CA3 subfields; and gene expression by Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) were assessed in post-natal Day 14 (P14) and 8–10-week-old rats over critical periods of envenomation. The intensity and duration of the toxic manifestations indicate P14 neonate rats more vulnerable to PNV than adults. Histologically, the capillaries of P14 and 8–10-week-old rats treated with PNV showed perivascular edema, while controls did not. The intensity of the toxic manifestations in P14 decreases temporally (2 > 5 > 24 h), while inversely the expression of AQP4 and Cav-1 peaked at 24 h when clinically PNV-treated animals do not differ from saline controls. IHC of AQP4 revealed that hippocampal CA1 showed the least expression at 2 h when toxic manifestation was maximal. Subfield IHC quantification revealed that in P14 rats Cav-1 peaked at 24 h when toxic manifestations were absent, whereas in 8–10-week-old rats Cav-1 peaked at 2 h when toxic signs were highest, and progressively attenuated such increases until 24 h, remaining though significantly above baseline. Considering astrocyte-endothelial physical and functional interactions, we hypothesize that age-related modulations of AQP4 and Cav-1 might be linked both to changes in functional properties of astrocytes during post-natal development and in the BBB breakdown induced by the venom of P. nigriventer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilene S Soares
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-863, Brazil.
| | - Leila M Stávale
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-863, Brazil.
| | - Monique C P Mendonça
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-863, Brazil.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil.
| | - Andressa Coope
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil.
| | - Maria Alice da Cruz-Höfling
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-863, Brazil.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil.
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27
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Choi KH, Kim HS, Park MS, Lee EB, Lee JK, Kim JT, Kim JH, Lee MC, Lee HJ, Cho KH. Overexpression of caveolin-1 attenuates brain edema by inhibiting tight junction degradation. Oncotarget 2016; 7:67857-67867. [PMID: 27708218 PMCID: PMC5356525 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral edema from the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after cerebral ischemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality as well as a common event in patients with stroke. Caveolins (Cavs) are thought to regulate BBB functions. Here, we report for the first time that Cav-1 overexpression (OE) decreased brain edema from BBB disruption following ischemic insult. Edema volumes and Cav-1 expression levels were measured following photothrombosis and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Endothelial cells that were transduced with a Cav-1 lentiviral expression vector were transplanted into rats. BBB permeability was quantified with Evans blue extravasation. Edema volume was determined from measures of the extravasation area, brain water content, and average fluorescence intensity after Cy5.5 injections. Tight junction (TJ) protein expression was measured with immunoblotting. Cav-1 expression levels and vasogenic brain edema correlated strongly after ischemic insult. Cav-1 expression and BBB disruption peaked 3 d after the MCAO. In addition, intravenous administration of endothelial cells expressing Cav-1 effectively increased the Cav-1 levels 3 d after the MCAO ischemic insult. Importantly, Cav-1 OE ameliorated the vasogenic edema by inhibiting the degradation of TJ protein expression in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. These results suggested that Cav-1 OE protected the integrity of the BBB mainly by preventing the degradation of TJ proteins in rats. These findings need to be confirmed in a clinical setting in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Man-Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eun-Bin Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jung-Kil Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ja-Hae Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hong-Joon Lee
- Medical Research Institute, Chungang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Cho
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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28
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Mouse model of intracerebellar haemorrhage. Behav Brain Res 2016; 312:374-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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The influence of lipoic acid on caveolin-1-regulated antioxidative enzymes in the mouse model of acute ulcerative colitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:470-475. [PMID: 27685790 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study was undertaken to verify if two-weeks treatment of lipoic acid (LA) influence colon damage and pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis during DSS-induced acute colitis. Moreover, as LA has anti-oxidative properties, we analyzed its influence on the level of antioxidative enzymes, HO-1 and eNOS, and their regulator- caveolin-1. METHODS LA was administrated to male C57/BALBc mice at a dose of 25 or 50mg/kg/day (i.p.) for 21days. Acute colitis was induced by administration of 4% DSS (w/v) in drinking water for 5days, followed by 2days of normal drinking water. Mice in LA+DSS groups were treated with LA (25 or 50mg/kg/day; i.p.) starting 14days prior to 4% DSS. Control group received saline for 21days. In the colon tissue we measured myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-23 (ELISA method), and tissue level of cav-1, phospho-eNOS, total eNOS and HO-1 (Western blot). RESULTS Administration of DSS significantly increased total colon damage (p<0.001), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (p<0.05) and pro-inflammatory IL-6 (p<0.05). There was also a tendency towards higher IL-1β, IL-17A, and IL-23 in the colon. LA alone did not influence total colon damage, MPO activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokines concentration compared to control (p<0.05). Notably, mice treated with LA and DSS had significantly decreased total colon damage score (p<0.001), despite augmented colon MPO activity (p<0.01), but similar (IL-17A) or even significantly higher level (IL-1β, IL-23) as compared to the DSS group (p<0.05). IL-6 was insignificantly decreased after LA treatment at a dose of 50mg/kg. In acute colitis there was a tendency towards an increase in cav-1 and HO-1 and a decrease p-eNOS/total eNOS ratio. Moreover, the LA+DSS groups had higher expression of HO-1 and p-eNOS/total eNOS (p<0.05) compared to the DSS group, and a tendency towards higher cav-1 level. The changes did not depend on LA dose. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that LA, at lower doses, may influence cav-1-regulated antioxidative enzyme levels (HO-1 and p-eNOS/total eNOS) despite an increase in colon pro-inflammatory cytokine levels during acute colitis. Hence, LA treatment may be - to some extent - beneficial in attenuation of acute colitis.
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30
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Li D, Tong L, Kawano H, Liu N, Liu L, Li HP. Protective effects of batroxobin on a nigrostriatal pathway injury in mice. Brain Res Bull 2016; 127:195-201. [PMID: 27679398 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury triggers a series of damaged processes, such as neuronal death and apoptosis, inflammation and scar formation, which contribute to evolution of brain injury. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of batroxobin, a drug widely used clinically for ischemia, in a nigrostriatal pathway injury model. Mice subjected to the nigrostriatal pathway injury were injected with batroxobin (30 BU/kg) or vehicle immediately after injury. The behavioral studies showed that batroxobin could improve the motor function in injured mice in long term. Batroxobin also reduced neuronal apoptosis and inflammation at the acute stage. Moreover, administration of batroxobin attenuated the scar formation and reduced the lesion size at 4 and 14days after brain injury. These results suggest that batroxobin has beneficial effects on the nigrostriatal pathway injury, indicating a potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Tong
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hitoshi Kawano
- Department of Health and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo 170-8445, Japan
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-Peng Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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31
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Electroacupuncture Exerts Neuroprotection through Caveolin-1 Mediated Molecular Pathway in Intracerebral Hemorrhage of Rats. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:7308261. [PMID: 27725888 PMCID: PMC5048052 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7308261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most devastating types of stroke. Here, we aim to demonstrate that electroacupuncture on Baihui (GV20) exerts neuroprotection for acute ICH possibly via the caveolin-1/matrix metalloproteinase/blood-brain barrier permeability pathway. The model of ICH was established by using collagenase VII. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham-operation group, Sham electroacupuncture group, and electroacupuncture group. Each group was further divided into 4 subgroups according to the time points of 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, and 7 d after ICH. The methods were used including examination of neurological deficit scores according to Longa's scale, measurement of blood-brain barrier permeability through Evans Blue content, in situ immunofluorescent detection of caveolin-1 in brains, western blot analysis of caveolin-1 in brains, and in situ zymography for measuring matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 activity in brains. Compared with Sham electroacupuncture group, electroacupuncture group has resulted in a significant improvement in neurological deficit scores and in a reduction in Evans Blue content, expression of caveolin-1, and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 at 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, and 7 d after ICH (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the present results suggested that electroacupuncture on GV20 can improve neurological deficit scores and reduce blood-brain barrier permeability after ICH, and the mechanism possibly targets caveolin-1/matrix metalloproteinase/blood-brain barrier permeability pathway.
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Zhao YL, Song JN, Ma XD, Zhang BF, Li DD, Pang HG. Rosiglitazone ameliorates diffuse axonal injury by reducing loss of tau and up-regulating caveolin-1 expression. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:944-50. [PMID: 27482223 PMCID: PMC4962592 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.184493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosiglitazone up-regulates caveolin-1 levels and has neuroprotective effects in both chronic and acute brain injury. Therefore, we postulated that rosiglitazone may ameliorate diffuse axonal injury via its ability to up-regulate caveolin-1, inhibit expression of amyloid-beta precursor protein, and reduce the loss and abnormal phosphorylation of tau. In the present study, intraperitoneal injection of rosiglitazone significantly reduced the levels of amyloid-beta precursor protein and hyperphosphorylated tau (phosphorylated at Ser404(p-tau (S404)), and it increased the expression of total tau and caveolin-1 in the rat cortex. Our results show that rosiglitazone inhibits the expression of amyloid-beta precursor protein and lowers p-tau (S404) levels, and it reduces the loss of total tau, possibly by up-regulating caveolin-1. These actions of rosiglitazone may underlie its neuroprotective effects in the treatment of diffuse axonal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Lin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jin-Ning Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xu-Dong Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bin-Fei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dan-Dong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hong-Gang Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Askenase MH, Sansing LH. Stages of the Inflammatory Response in Pathology and Tissue Repair after Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Semin Neurol 2016; 36:288-97. [PMID: 27214704 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1582132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major health concern, with high rates of mortality and morbidity and no highly effective clinical interventions. Basic research in animal models of ICH has provided insight into its complex pathology, in particular revealing the role of inflammation in driving neuronal death and neurologic deficits after hemorrhage. The response to ICH occurs in four distinct phases: (1) initial tissue damage and local activation of inflammatory factors, (2) inflammation-driven breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, (3) recruitment of circulating inflammatory cells and subsequent secondary immunopathology, and (4) engagement of tissue repair responses that promote tissue repair and restoration of neurologic function. The development of CNS inflammation occurs over many days after initial hemorrhage and thus may represent an ideal target for treatment of the disease, but further research is required to identify the mechanisms that promote engagement of inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory pathways. In this review, the authors examine how experimental models of ICH have uncovered critical mediators of pathology in each of the four stages of the inflammatory response, and focus on the role of the immune system in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Askenase
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lauren H Sansing
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Choi KH, Kim HS, Park MS, Kim JT, Kim JH, Cho KA, Lee MC, Lee HJ, Cho KH. Regulation of Caveolin-1 Expression Determines Early Brain Edema After Experimental Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Stroke 2016; 47:1336-43. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.013205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Most patients with cerebral infarction die of brain edema because of the breakdown of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in ischemic tissue. Caveolins (a group of proteins) are key modulators of vascular permeability; however, a direct role of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in the regulation of BBB permeability during ischemic injury has yet to be identified.
Methods—
Cav-1 expression was measured by immunoblotting after photothrombotic ischemia. A direct functional role of Cav-1 in cerebral edema and BBB permeability during cerebral ischemia was investigated by genetic manipulation (gene disruption and re-expression) of Cav-1 protein expression in mice.
Results—
There was a significant correlation between the extent of BBB disruption and the Cav-1 expression. In Cav-1–deficient (Cav-1
−/−
) mice, the extent of BBB disruption after cerebral ischemia was increased compared with wild-type (Cav-1
+/+
) mice, whereas the increase in cerebral edema volume was ameliorated by lentiviral-mediated re-expression of Cav-1. Furthermore, Cav-1
−/−
mice had significantly higher degradation of tight junction proteins and proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinase than Cav-1
+/+
mice. Conversely, re-expression of Cav-1 in Cav-1
−/−
mice restored tight junction protein expression and reduced matrix metalloproteinase proteolytic activity.
Conclusions—
These results indicate that Cav-1 is a critical determinant of BBB permeability. Strategies for regulating Cav-1 represent a novel therapeutic approach to controlling BBB disruption and subsequent neurological deterioration during cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ho Choi
- From the Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea (K.-H.C.); Departments of Neurology (K.-H.C., M.-S.P., J.-T.K., K.-H.C.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), Nuclear Medicine (J.-H.K.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (K.-A.C.), and Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (M.-C.L.); and Medical Research Institute, Chungang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (H.-J.L.)
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- From the Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea (K.-H.C.); Departments of Neurology (K.-H.C., M.-S.P., J.-T.K., K.-H.C.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), Nuclear Medicine (J.-H.K.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (K.-A.C.), and Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (M.-C.L.); and Medical Research Institute, Chungang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (H.-J.L.)
| | - Man-Seok Park
- From the Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea (K.-H.C.); Departments of Neurology (K.-H.C., M.-S.P., J.-T.K., K.-H.C.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), Nuclear Medicine (J.-H.K.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (K.-A.C.), and Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (M.-C.L.); and Medical Research Institute, Chungang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (H.-J.L.)
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- From the Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea (K.-H.C.); Departments of Neurology (K.-H.C., M.-S.P., J.-T.K., K.-H.C.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), Nuclear Medicine (J.-H.K.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (K.-A.C.), and Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (M.-C.L.); and Medical Research Institute, Chungang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (H.-J.L.)
| | - Ja-Hae Kim
- From the Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea (K.-H.C.); Departments of Neurology (K.-H.C., M.-S.P., J.-T.K., K.-H.C.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), Nuclear Medicine (J.-H.K.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (K.-A.C.), and Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (M.-C.L.); and Medical Research Institute, Chungang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (H.-J.L.)
| | - Kyung-Ah Cho
- From the Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea (K.-H.C.); Departments of Neurology (K.-H.C., M.-S.P., J.-T.K., K.-H.C.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), Nuclear Medicine (J.-H.K.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (K.-A.C.), and Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (M.-C.L.); and Medical Research Institute, Chungang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (H.-J.L.)
| | - Min-Cheol Lee
- From the Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea (K.-H.C.); Departments of Neurology (K.-H.C., M.-S.P., J.-T.K., K.-H.C.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), Nuclear Medicine (J.-H.K.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (K.-A.C.), and Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (M.-C.L.); and Medical Research Institute, Chungang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (H.-J.L.)
| | - Hong-Joon Lee
- From the Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea (K.-H.C.); Departments of Neurology (K.-H.C., M.-S.P., J.-T.K., K.-H.C.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), Nuclear Medicine (J.-H.K.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (K.-A.C.), and Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (M.-C.L.); and Medical Research Institute, Chungang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (H.-J.L.)
| | - Ki-Hyun Cho
- From the Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea (K.-H.C.); Departments of Neurology (K.-H.C., M.-S.P., J.-T.K., K.-H.C.), Forensic Medicine (H.-S.K.), Nuclear Medicine (J.-H.K.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (K.-A.C.), and Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea (M.-C.L.); and Medical Research Institute, Chungang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (H.-J.L.)
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Lower Serum Caveolin-1 Is Associated with Cerebral Microbleeds in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9026787. [PMID: 27119011 PMCID: PMC4826928 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9026787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) plays pivotal roles in the endothelial damage following stroke. The present study aimed to investigate whether serum Cav-1 level is associated with the presence of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) in patients with acute ischemic stroke. To this end, 156 patients were consecutively enrolled. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging was analyzed to determine the surrogates of cSVD, including cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), silent lacunar infarcts (SLIs), and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). After adjusting for potential confounders, patients with low Cav-1 level had a higher risk of CMBs than patients with high Cav-1 level (OR: 4.05, 95% CI: 1.77-9.30). However, there was no relationship between Cav-1 and the presence of SLIs or WMHs. When CMBs were stratified by location and number, a similar association was found in patients with deep or infratentorial CMBs (OR: 4.04, 95% CI: 1.59-10.25) and with multiple CMBs (OR: 3.18, 95% CI: 1.16-8.72). These results suggest lower serum Cav-1 levels may be associated with CMBs, especially those that are multiple and located in deep brain or infratentorial structures, in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Cav-1 may be involved in the pathophysiology of CMBs, and may act as a potential target for treating cSVD.
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Wu CH, Chen CC, Lai CY, Hung TH, Lin CC, Chao M, Chen SF. Treatment with TO901317, a synthetic liver X receptor agonist, reduces brain damage and attenuates neuroinflammation in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:62. [PMID: 26968836 PMCID: PMC4788882 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) induces a series of inflammatory processes that contribute to neuronal damage and neurological deterioration. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are nuclear receptors that negatively regulate transcriptional processes involved in inflammatory responses, but their role in the pathology following ICH remains unclear. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects and anti-inflammatory actions of TO901317, a synthetic LXR agonist, in a model of collagenase-induced ICH and in microglial cultures. Methods Mice subjected to collagenase-induced ICH injury were injected with either TO901317 (30 mg/kg) or vehicle 10 min after ICH and subsequently daily for 2 days. Behavioral studies, histology analysis, and assessments of hematoma volumes, brain water content, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability were performed. The protein expression of LXR-α, LXR-β, ATP binding cassette transporter-1 (ABCA-1), and inflammatory molecules was analyzed. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of TO901317 was investigated in cultured microglia that were stimulated with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or thrombin. Results ICH induced an increase in LXR-α protein levels in the hemorrhagic hemisphere at 6 h whereas LXR-β expression remained unaffected. Both LXR-α and LXR-β were expressed in neurons and microglia in the peri-ICH region and but rarely in astrocytes. TO901317 significantly attenuated functional deficits and brain damage up to 28 days post-ICH. TO901317 also reduced neuronal death, BBB disruption, and brain edema at day 4 post-ICH. These changes were associated with marked reductions in microglial activation, neutrophil infiltration, and expression levels of inflammatory mediators at 4 and 7 days. However, TO901317 had no effect on matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity. In BV2 microglial cultures, TO901317 attenuated LPS- and thrombin-stimulated nitric oxide production and reduced LPS-induced p38, JNK, MAPK, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. Moreover, delaying administration of TO901317 to 3 h post-ICH reduced brain tissue damage and neuronal death. Conclusions Our results suggest that enhancing LXR activation may provide a potential therapy for ICH by modulating the cytotoxic functions of microglia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0524-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hu Wu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Cheng Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chai-You Lai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tai-Ho Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taipei and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chao-Chang Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Min Chao
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Szu-Fu Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Umesalma S, Houwen FK, Baumbach GL, Chan SL. Roles of Caveolin-1 in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertrophy and Inward Remodeling of Cerebral Pial Arterioles. Hypertension 2016; 67:623-9. [PMID: 26831194 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a major determinant of inward remodeling and hypertrophy in pial arterioles that may have an important role in stroke during chronic hypertension. Previously, we found that epidermal growth factor receptor is critical in Ang II-mediated hypertrophy that may involve caveolin-1 (Cav-1). In this study, we examined the effects of Cav-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) on Ang II-mediated structural changes in pial arterioles. Cav-1-deficient (Cav-1(-/-)), MMP9-deficient (MMP9(-/-)), and wild-type mice were infused with either Ang II (1000 ng/kg per minute) or saline via osmotic minipumps for 28 days (n=6-8 per group). Systolic arterial pressure was measured by a tail-cuff method. Pressure and diameter of pial arterioles were measured through an open cranial window in anesthetized mice. Cross-sectional area of the wall was determined histologically in pressurized fixed pial arterioles. Expression of Cav-1, MMP9, phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor, and Akt was determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Deficiency of Cav-1 or MMP9 did not affect Ang II-induced hypertension. Ang II increased the expression of Cav-1, phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor, and Akt in wild-type mice, which was attenuated in Cav-1(-/-) mice. Ang II-induced hypertrophy, inward remodeling, and increased MMP9 expression in pial arterioles were prevented in Cav-1(-/-) mice. Ang II-mediated increases in MMP9 expression and inward remodeling, but not hypertrophy, were prevented in MMP9(-/-) mice. In conclusion, Cav-1 is essential in Ang II-mediated inward remodeling and hypertrophy in pial arterioles. Cav-1-induced MMP9 is exclusively involved in inward remodeling, not hypertrophy. Further studies are needed to determine the role of Akt in Ang II-mediated hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikamjad Umesalma
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City (S.U., F.K.H., G.L.B.); and Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (S.-L.C.)
| | - Frederick Keith Houwen
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City (S.U., F.K.H., G.L.B.); and Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (S.-L.C.)
| | - Gary L Baumbach
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City (S.U., F.K.H., G.L.B.); and Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (S.-L.C.).
| | - Siu-Lung Chan
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City (S.U., F.K.H., G.L.B.); and Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (S.-L.C.).
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Exsanguination Postconditioning of ICH (EPIC-H) Using the Lancet for Brain Bleed in Rodents, Preliminary Study. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2016; 121:49-53. [PMID: 26463922 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18497-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral iron overload contributes to free-radical damage and secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Phlebotomy most effectively removes iron from the human body, compared with any pharmacological agent (e.g., chelator), and does not impact mean arterial blood pressure. For centuries, this ancient method was a treatment for stroke. This is the first controlled scientific evaluation of this approach after ICH. Femoral catheterization occurred at 30 min following collagenase infusion. Three different exsanguination volumes were tested: 1, 2, 3 ml (approximately 5-15 % (normotensive) loss of total blood volume; or 3.33-10 ml/kg) compared with ICH and sham controls. Brain water content, hemorrhage size, and neuroscore were measured 24 h later. Preliminary analysis of the data demonstrated that therapeutic phlebotomy occurring shortly after ICH in adult rats significantly decreased brain edema and hemorrhagic size at 1 day after the brain injury. However, the neuroscore was unchanged compared with untreated animals. Therefore, exsanguination therapy after ICH using the traditional phlebotomy approach may eventually ameliorate early brain injury (hemorrhage and edema) in further human studies, despite equivocal changes in the short-term neurological functional ability. In meantime, translational studies must further delineate the involvement of specific neuroprotective molecules, sympathetic responses, hemodynamic-vasoactive mediators, or neuroendocrine factors involved in this apparent postconditioning approach following ICH in rodents.
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Owen JE, Bishop GM, Robinson SR. Uptake and Toxicity of Hemin and Iron in Cultured Mouse Astrocytes. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:298-306. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Bihl JC, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Xiao X, Ma X, Chen Y, Chen S, Zhao B, Chen Y. Angiotensin-(1-7) counteracts the effects of Ang II on vascular smooth muscle cells, vascular remodeling and hemorrhagic stroke: Role of the NFкB inflammatory pathway. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 73:115-123. [PMID: 26264508 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) is a potential vasoprotective peptide. In the present study, we investigated its counteractive effects to Ang II on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke (ICH) through inflammatory mechanism. In in vitro experiments, human brain VSMCs (HBVSMCs) were treated with vehicle, Ang II, Ang II+Ang-(1-7), Ang II+A-779 or Ang II+Ang-(1-7)+A-779 (Mas receptor antagonist). HBVSMC proliferation, migration and apoptosis were determined by methyl thiazolyltetrazolium, wound healing assay and flow cytometry, respectively. In in vivo experiments, C57BL/6 mice were divided into vehicle, Ang II, Ang II+Ang-(1-7), Ang II+A-779 or Ang II+Ang-(1-7)+A-779 groups before they were subjected to collagenase-induced ICH or sham surgery. Hemorrhage volume and middle cerebral artery (MCA) remodeling were determined by histological analyses. Levels of NFκB, inhibitor of κBα (IκBα), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and interleukin (IL-8) were measured by western blot or ELISA. We found that 1) Ang II increased HBVSMC migration, proliferation and apoptosis, and increased the blood pressure (BP), neurological deficit score, MCA remodeling and hemorrhage volume in ICH mice. 2) Ang-(1-7) counteracted these effects of Ang II, which was independent of BP, with the down-regulation of NFκB, up-regulation of IκBα, and decreased levels of TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-8. 3) The beneficial effects of Ang-(1-7) could be abolished by A-779. In conclusion, Ang-(1-7) counteracts the effects of Ang II on ICH via modulating NFκB inflammation pathway in HBVSMCs and cerebral microvessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji C Bihl
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Yuhui Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Xiaotang Ma
- Clinical Research Center and Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Yusen Chen
- Clinical Research Center and Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Shuzhen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Clinical Research Center and Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.,Clinical Research Center and Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
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Toxic role of prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 46:293-310. [PMID: 25697396 PMCID: PMC4422065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory mechanisms mediated by prostaglandins may contribute to the progression of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced brain injury, but they are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the effect of prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 (EP1R) activation and inhibition on brain injury in mouse models of ICH and investigated the underlying mechanism of action. ICH was induced by injecting collagenase, autologous blood, or thrombin into the striatum of middle-aged male and female mice and aged male mice. Effects of selective EP1R agonist ONO-DI-004, antagonist SC51089, and nonspecific Src family kinase inhibitor PP2 were evaluated by a combination of histologic, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), immunofluorescence, molecular, cellular, and behavioral assessments. EP1R was expressed primarily in neurons and axons but not in astrocytes or microglia after ICH induced by collagenase. In middle-aged male mice subjected to collagenase-induced ICH, EP1R inhibition mitigated brain injury, brain edema, cell death, neuronal degeneration, neuroinflammation, and neurobehavioral deficits, whereas its activation exacerbated these outcomes. EP1R inhibition also was protective in middle-aged female mice and aged male mice after collagenase-induced ICH and in middle-aged male mice after blood- or thrombin-induced ICH. EP1R inhibition also reduced oxidative stress, white matter injury, and brain atrophy and improved functional outcomes. Histologic results were confirmed by MRI. Src kinase phosphorylation and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity were increased by EP1R activation and decreased by EP1R inhibition. EP1R regulated matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity through Src kinase signaling, which mediated EP1R toxicity after collagenase-induced ICH. We conclude that prostaglandin E2 EP1R activation plays a toxic role after ICH through mechanisms that involve the Src kinases and the matrix metalloproteinase-9 signaling pathway. EP1R inhibition could be a novel therapeutic strategy to improve outcomes after ICH.
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Yang F, Wang Z, Zhang JH, Tang J, Liu X, Tan L, Huang QY, Feng H. Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Product Antagonist Reduces Blood–Brain Barrier Damage After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Stroke 2015; 46:1328-36. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.008336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
To determine whether the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) plays a role in early brain injury from intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), RAGE expression and activation after injury were examined in a rat model of ICH with or without administration of a RAGE-specific antagonist (FPS-ZM1).
Methods—
Autologous arterial blood was injected into the basal ganglia of rats to induce ICH. The motor function of the rats was examined, and water content was detected after euthanization. Blood–brain barrier permeability was determined by Evans blue staining and colloidal gold nanoparticle tracers. Nerve fiber injury in white matter was determined by diffusion tensor imaging analysis, and the expression of target genes was analyzed by Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. FPS-ZM1 was administered by intraperitoneal injection.
Results—
Expression of RAGE and its ligand high-mobility group protein B1 were increased at 12 hours after ICH, along with blood–brain barrier permeability and perihematomal nerve fiber injury. RAGE and nuclear factor-κB p65 upregulation were also observed when FeCl
2
was infused into the basal ganglia at 24 hours. FPS-ZM1 administration resulted in significant improvements of blood–brain barrier damage, brain edema, motor dysfunction, and nerve fiber injury, and the expression of RAGE, nuclear factor-κB p65, proinflammatory mediators interleukin 1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8R, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and matrix metallopeptidase-9 was attenuated. Moreover, decreases in claudin-5 and occludin expression were partially recovered. FPS-ZM1 also reversed FeCl
2
-induced RAGE and nuclear factor-κB p65 upregulation.
Conclusions—
RAGE signaling is involved in blood–brain barrier and white matter fiber damage after ICH, the initiation of which is associated with iron. RAGE antagonists represent a novel therapeutic intervention to prevent early brain injury after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- From the Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine (F.Y., Q.-Y.H.), Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital (Z.W., X.L., L.T., H.F.), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (J.H.Z., J.T.)
| | - Zhe Wang
- From the Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine (F.Y., Q.-Y.H.), Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital (Z.W., X.L., L.T., H.F.), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (J.H.Z., J.T.)
| | - John H. Zhang
- From the Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine (F.Y., Q.-Y.H.), Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital (Z.W., X.L., L.T., H.F.), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (J.H.Z., J.T.)
| | - Jiping Tang
- From the Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine (F.Y., Q.-Y.H.), Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital (Z.W., X.L., L.T., H.F.), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (J.H.Z., J.T.)
| | - Xin Liu
- From the Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine (F.Y., Q.-Y.H.), Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital (Z.W., X.L., L.T., H.F.), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (J.H.Z., J.T.)
| | - Liang Tan
- From the Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine (F.Y., Q.-Y.H.), Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital (Z.W., X.L., L.T., H.F.), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (J.H.Z., J.T.)
| | - Qing-Yuan Huang
- From the Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine (F.Y., Q.-Y.H.), Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital (Z.W., X.L., L.T., H.F.), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (J.H.Z., J.T.)
| | - Hua Feng
- From the Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine (F.Y., Q.-Y.H.), Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital (Z.W., X.L., L.T., H.F.), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (J.H.Z., J.T.)
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Endogenous plasminogen activators mediate progressive intracerebral hemorrhage after traumatic brain injury in mice. Blood 2015; 125:2558-67. [PMID: 25673638 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-08-588442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major cause of death and disability after traumatic brain injury (TBI) for which no medical treatment is available. Delayed bleeding is often ascribed to consumptive coagulopathy initiated by exposed brain tissue factor. We examined an alternative hypothesis, namely, that marked release of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) followed by delayed synthesis and release of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) from injured brain leads to posttraumatic bleeding by causing premature clot lysis. Using a murine model of severe TBI, we found that ICH is reduced in tPA(-/-) and uPA(-/-) mice but increased in PAI-1(-/-) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. tPA(-/-), but not uPA(-/-), mice developed a systemic coagulopathy post-TBI. Tranexamic acid inhibited ICH expansion in uPA(-/-)mice but not in tPA(-/-) mice. Catalytically inactive tPA-S(481)A inhibited plasminogen activation by tPA and uPA, attenuated ICH, lowered plasma d-dimers, lessened thrombocytopenia, and improved neurologic outcome in WT, tPA(-/-), and uPA(-/-) mice. ICH expansion was also inhibited by tPA-S(481)A in WT mice anticoagulated with warfarin. These data demonstrate that protracted endogenous fibrinolysis induced by TBI is primarily responsible for persistent ICH and post-TBI coagulopathy in this model and offer a novel approach to interrupt bleeding.
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Xu L, Guo R, Xie Y, Ma M, Ye R, Liu X. Caveolae: molecular insights and therapeutic targets for stroke. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:633-50. [PMID: 25639269 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1009446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Caveolae are specialized plasma membrane micro-invaginations of most mammalian cell types. The organization and function of caveolae are carried out by their coat proteins, caveolins and adaptor proteins, cavins. Caveolae/caveolins physically interact with membrane-associated signaling molecules and function in cholesterol incorporation, signaling transduction and macromolecular transport/permeability. AREAS COVERED Recent investigations have implicated a check-and-balance role of caveolae in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. Caveolin knockout mice displayed exacerbated ischemic injury, whereas caveolin peptide exerted remarkable protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive synopsis of how caveolae/caveolins modulate blood-brain barrier permeability, pro-survival signaling, angiogenesis and neuroinflammation, and how this may contribute to a better understanding of the participation of caveolae in ischemic cascade. The role of caveolin in the preconditioning-induced tolerance against ischemia is also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Caveolae represent a novel target for cerebral ischemia. It remains open how to manipulate caveolin expression in a practical way to recapitulate the beneficial therapeutic outcomes. Caveolin peptides and associated antagomirs may be efficacious and deserve further investigations for their potential benefits for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University , Nanjing 210002 , China
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Wang MD, Wang Y, Xia YP, Dai JW, Gao L, Wang SQ, Wang HJ, Mao L, Li M, Yu SM, Tu Y, He QW, Zhang GP, Wang L, Xu GZ, Xu HB, Zhu LQ, Hu B. High Serum MiR-130a Levels Are Associated with Severe Perihematomal Edema and Predict Adverse Outcome in Acute ICH. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1310-1321. [PMID: 25631713 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development and/or progression of perihematomal edema (PHE) in patients with acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) vary substantially with different individuals. Although hematoma volume is a useful indicator for predicting PHE, its predictive power was not good at the early stage of ICH. Better predictors are urgently needed. In this study, we found that miR-130a was elevated in the serum of ICH patients and was an independent indicator positively associated with PHE volume within the first 3 days after onset. The R (2) was further evaluated when it is used in combination with hematoma mass. Serum miR-130a levels were associated with clinical outcome (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at day 14 and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at day 90) only in patients with deep hematoma. Moreover, miR-130a was significantly increased in rat serum and perihematomal tissues and was in line with the change in brain edema. MiR-130a inhibitors reduced brain edema, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and increased neurological deficit scores, and miR-130a mimics increased monolayer permeability. Thrombin-stimulated brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) were a main source of miR-130a under ICH. In the experimental model, the elevated miR-130a level was accompanied by the decreased caveolin-1 and increased matrix metalloproleinase (MMP)-2/9. Meanwhile, caveolin-1 (cav-1) was reduced by miR-130a mimics, accompanied by an increase in MMP-2/9 expression. The upregulated MMP-2/9 was then downregulated by cavtratin, a cav-1 scaffolding domain peptide. This regulation mechanism was authenticated in a thrombin-induced cellular ICH model. Our results suggest that serum miR-130a may serve as a useful early biomarker for monitoring post-ICH PHE and predicting prognosis and may be helpful in the decision-making of individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Die Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Peng Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Wen Dai
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Gao
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Qi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Jun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Mao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Meng Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Attached Hospital of Xinyang Vocational Technical College, Daqing Road, Xinyang, 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Tu
- Department of Geratology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430077, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan-Wei He
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Peng Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shengli Street, Wuhan, 430014, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Zheng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuluo Road, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease, Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Chen CC, Hung TH, Lee CY, Wang LF, Wu CH, Ke CH, Chen SF. Berberine protects against neuronal damage via suppression of glia-mediated inflammation in traumatic brain injury. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115694. [PMID: 25546475 PMCID: PMC4278716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers a series of neuroinflammatory processes that contribute to evolution of neuronal injury. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects and anti-inflammatory actions of berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, in both in vitro and in vivo TBI models. Mice subjected to controlled cortical impact injury were injected with berberine (10 mg·kg−1) or vehicle 10 min after injury. In addition to behavioral studies and histology analysis, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and brain water content were determined. Expression of PI3K/Akt and Erk signaling and inflammatory mediators were also analyzed. The protective effect of berberine was also investigated in cultured neurons either subjected to stretch injury or exposed to conditioned media with activated microglia. Berberine significantly attenuated functional deficits and brain damage associated with TBI up to day 28 post-injury. Berberine also reduced neuronal death, apoptosis, BBB permeability, and brain edema at day 1 post-injury. These changes coincided with a marked reduction in leukocyte infiltration, microglial activation, matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity, and expression of inflammatory mediators. Berberine had no effect on Akt or Erk 1/2 phosphorylation. In mixed glial cultures, berberine reduced TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling. Berberine also attenuated neuronal death induced by microglial conditioned media; however, it did not directly protect cultured neurons subjected to stretch injury. Moreover, administration of berberine at 3 h post-injury also reduced TBI-induced neuronal damage, apoptosis and inflammation in vivo. Berberine reduces TBI-induced brain damage by limiting the production of inflammatory mediators by glial cells, rather than by a direct neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Cheng Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tai-Ho Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taipei and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chao Yu Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Liang-Fei Wang
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hu Wu
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Hua Ke
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Szu-Fu Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Post-injury treatment with 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, a TrkB receptor agonist, protects against experimental traumatic brain injury via PI3K/Akt signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113397. [PMID: 25415296 PMCID: PMC4240709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) signaling is critical for promoting neuronal survival following brain damage. The present study investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of TrkB activation by the TrkB agonist 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) on traumatic brain injury (TBI). Mice subjected to controlled cortical impact received intraperitoneal 7,8-DHF or vehicle injection 10 min post-injury and subsequently daily for 3 days. Behavioral studies, histology analysis and brain water content assessment were performed. Levels of TrkB signaling-related molecules and apoptosis-related proteins were analyzed. The protective effect of 7,8-DHF was also investigated in primary neurons subjected to stretch injury. Treatment with 20 mg/kg 7,8-DHF attenuated functional deficits and brain damage up to post-injury day 28. 7,8-DHF also reduced brain edema, neuronal death, and apoptosis at day 4. These changes were accompanied by a significant decrease in cleaved caspase-3 and increase in Bcl-2/Bax ratio. 7,8-DHF enhanced phosphorylation of TrkB, Akt (Ser473/Thr308), and Bad at day 4, but had no effect on Erk 1/2 phosphorylation. Moreover, 7,8-DHF increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and promoted cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) activation. This beneficial effect was attenuated by inhibition of TrkB or PI3K/Akt. 7,8-DHF also promoted survival and reduced apoptosis in cortical neurons subjected to stretch injury. Remarkably, delayed administration of 7,8-DHF at 3 h post-injury reduced brain tissue damage. Our study demonstrates that activation of TrkB signaling by 7,8-DHF protects against TBI via the PI3K/Akt but not Erk pathway, and this protective effect may be amplified via the PI3K/Akt-CREB cascades.
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Mracsko E, Veltkamp R. Neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:388. [PMID: 25477782 PMCID: PMC4238323 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a particularly severe type of stroke for which no specific treatment has been established yet. Although preclinical models of ICH have substantial methodological limitations, important insight into the pathophysiology has been gained. Mounting evidence suggests an important contribution of inflammatory mechanisms to brain damage and potential repair. Neuroinflammation evoked by intracerebral blood involves the activation of resident microglia, the infiltration of systemic immune cells and the production of cytokines, chemokines, extracellular proteases and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous studies focused on innate immunity including microglia, monocytes and granulocytes. More recently, the role of adaptive immune cells has received increasing attention. Little is currently known about the interactions among different immune cell populations in the setting of ICH. Nevertheless, immunomodulatory strategies are already being explored in ICH. To improve the chances of translation from preclinical models to patients, a better characterization of the neuroinflammation in patients is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mracsko
- Department of Neurology, University Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Veltkamp
- Department of Neurology, University Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany ; Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
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Badaut J, Ajao DO, Sorensen DW, Fukuda AM, Pellerin L. Caveolin expression changes in the neurovascular unit after juvenile traumatic brain injury: signs of blood-brain barrier healing? Neuroscience 2014; 285:215-26. [PMID: 25450954 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major causes of death and disability in pediatrics, and results in a complex cascade of events including the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A controlled-cortical impact on post-natal 17-day-old rats induced BBB disruption by IgG extravasation from 1 to 3 days after injury and returned to normal at day 7. In parallel, we characterized the expression of three caveolin isoforms, caveolin 1 (cav-1), caveolin 2 (cav-2) and caveolin 3 (cav-3). While cav-1 and cav-2 are expressed on endothelial cells, both cav-1 and cav-3 were found to be present on reactive astrocytes, in vivo and in vitro. Following TBI, cav-1 expression was increased in blood vessels at 1 and 7 days in the perilesional cortex. An increase of vascular cav-2 expression was observed 7 days after TBI. In contrast, astrocytic cav-3 expression decreased 3 and 7 days after TBI. Activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) (via its phosphorylation) was detected 1 day after TBI and phospho-eNOS was detected both in association with blood vessels and with astrocytes. The molecular changes involving caveolins occurring in endothelial cells following juvenile-TBI might participate, independently of eNOS activation, to a mechanism of BBB repair while, they might subserve other undefined roles in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Badaut
- CNRS UMR5287, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - D O Ajao
- Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - D W Sorensen
- Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - A M Fukuda
- Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - L Pellerin
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Evidences of endocytosis via caveolae following blood–brain barrier breakdown by Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom. Toxicol Lett 2014; 229:415-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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