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Chia ZJ, Cao YN, Little PJ, Kamato D. Transforming growth factor-β receptors: versatile mechanisms of ligand activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1337-1348. [PMID: 38351317 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is initiated by activation of transmembrane TGF-β receptors (TGFBR), which deploys Smad2/3 transcription factors to control cellular responses. Failure or dysregulation in the TGF-β signaling pathways leads to pathological conditions. TGF-β signaling is regulated at different levels along the pathways and begins with the liberation of TGF-β ligand from its latent form. The mechanisms of TGFBR activation display selectivity to cell types, agonists, and TGF-β isoforms, enabling precise control of TGF-β signals. In addition, the cell surface compartments used to release active TGF-β are surprisingly vibrant, using thrombospondins, integrins, matrix metalloproteinases and reactive oxygen species. The scope of TGFBR activation is further unfolded with the discovery of TGFBR activation initiated by other signaling pathways. The unique combination of mechanisms works in series to trigger TGFBR activation, which can be explored as therapeutic targets. This comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the diverse mechanisms underpinning TGFBR activation, shedding light on potential avenues for therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Jie Chia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Discovery Biology, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Ying-Nan Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Danielle Kamato
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
- Discovery Biology, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia.
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia.
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2
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Qiu Y, Que Y, Ding Z, Zhang S, Wei R, Xia J, Lin Y. Drugs targeting CTGF in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18448. [PMID: 38774993 PMCID: PMC11109635 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis represents the final alteration seen in a wide variety of lung disorders characterized by increased fibroblast activity and the accumulation of substantial amounts of extracellular matrix, along with inflammatory damage and the breakdown of tissue architecture. This condition is marked by a significant mortality rate and a lack of effective treatments. The depositing of an excessive quantity of extracellular matrix protein follows the damage to lung capillaries and alveolar epithelial cells, leading to pulmonary fibrosis and irreversible damage to lung function. It has been proposed that the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) plays a critical role in the advancement of pulmonary fibrosis by enhancing the accumulation of the extracellular matrix and exacerbating fibrosis. In this context, the significance of CTGF in pulmonary fibrosis is examined, and a summary of the development of drugs targeting CTGF for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Qiu
- School of PharmacyHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti‐Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yueyue Que
- School of PharmacyHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti‐Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zheyu Ding
- School of PharmacyHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti‐Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- School of PharmacyHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti‐Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Rong Wei
- School of PharmacyHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti‐Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jianing Xia
- School of PharmacyHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti‐Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yingying Lin
- School of PharmacyHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti‐Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
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3
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Buse M, Cheng M, Jankowski V, Lellig M, Sterzer V, Strieder T, Leuchtle K, Martin IV, Seikrit C, Brinkkoettter P, Crispatzu G, Floege J, Boor P, Speer T, Kramann R, Ostendorf T, Moeller MJ, Costa IG, Stamellou E. Lineage tracing reveals transient phenotypic adaptation of tubular cells during acute kidney injury. iScience 2024; 27:109255. [PMID: 38444605 PMCID: PMC10914483 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Tubular injury is the hallmark of acute kidney injury (AKI) with a tremendous impact on patients and health-care systems. During injury, any differentiated proximal tubular cell (PT) may transition into a specific injured phenotype, so-called "scattered tubular cell" (STC)-phenotype. To understand the fate of this specific phenotype, we generated transgenic mice allowing inducible, reversible, and irreversible tagging of these cells in a murine AKI model, the unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). For lineage tracing, we analyzed the kidneys using single-cell profiling during disease development at various time points. Labeled cells, which we defined by established endogenous markers, already appeared 8 h after injury and showed a distinct expression set of genes. We show that STCs re-differentiate back into fully differentiated PTs upon the resolution of the injury. In summary, we show the dynamics of the phenotypic transition of PTs during injury, revealing a reversible transcriptional program as an adaptive response during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Buse
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mingbo Cheng
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vera Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michaela Lellig
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Viktor Sterzer
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thiago Strieder
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katja Leuchtle
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ina V. Martin
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Claudia Seikrit
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Paul Brinkkoettter
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Giuliano Crispatzu
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Timotheus Speer
- Medical Clinic 4, Nephrology, University of Frankfurt und Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tammo Ostendorf
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus J. Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ivan G. Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eleni Stamellou
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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4
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Guo C, Cui Y, Jiao M, Yao J, Zhao J, Tian Y, Dong J, Liao L. Crosstalk between proximal tubular epithelial cells and other interstitial cells in tubulointerstitial fibrosis after renal injury. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1256375. [PMID: 38260142 PMCID: PMC10801024 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1256375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The energy needs of tubular epithelial components, especially proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs), are high and they heavily depend on aerobic metabolism. As a result, they are particularly vulnerable to various injuries caused by factors such as ischemia, proteinuria, toxins, and elevated glucose levels. Initial metabolic and phenotypic changes in PTECs after injury are likely an attempt at survival and repair. Nevertheless, in cases of recurrent or prolonged injury, PTECs have the potential to undergo a transition to a secretory state, leading to the generation and discharge of diverse bioactive substances, including transforming growth factor-β, Wnt ligands, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin (IL)-1β, lactic acid, exosomes, and extracellular vesicles. By promoting fibroblast activation, macrophage recruitment, and endothelial cell loss, these bioactive compounds stimulate communication between epithelial cells and other interstitial cells, ultimately worsening renal damage. This review provides a summary of the latest findings on bioactive compounds that facilitate the communication between these cellular categories, ultimately leading to the advancement of tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuying Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicin, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingwen Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junyu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yutian Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicin, Jinan, Shandong, China
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5
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Hanazaki H, Yokota H, Yamagami S, Nakamura Y, Nagaoka T. The Effect of Anti-Autotaxin Aptamers on the Development of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15926. [PMID: 37958909 PMCID: PMC10647324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of anti-autotaxin (ATX) aptamers on the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in both in vivo and in vitro PVR swine models. For the in vitro study, primary retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells were obtained from porcine eyes and cultured for cell proliferation and migration assays. For the in vivo study, a swine PVR model was established by inducing retinal detachment and injecting cultured RPE cells (2.0 × 106). Concurrently, 1 week after RPE cell injection, the anti-ATX aptamer, RBM-006 (10 mg/mL, 0.1 mL), was injected twice into the vitreous cavity. Post-injection effects of the anti-ATX aptamer on PVR development in the in vivo swine PVR model were investigated. For the in vitro evaluation, the cultured RPE cell proliferation and migration were significantly reduced at anti-ATX aptamer concentrations of 0.5-0.05 mg and at only 0.5 mg, respectively. Intravitreal administration of the anti-ATX aptamer also prevented tractional retinal detachment caused by PVR in the in vivo PVR model. We observed that the anti-ATX aptamer, RBM-006, inhibited PVR-related RPE cell proliferation and migration in vitro and inhibited the progression of PVR in the in vivo model, suggesting that the anti-ATX aptamer may be effective in preventing PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Hanazaki
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (H.H.); (H.Y.); (S.Y.)
| | - Harumasa Yokota
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (H.H.); (H.Y.); (S.Y.)
| | - Satoru Yamagami
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (H.H.); (H.Y.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yoshikazu Nakamura
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
- RIBOMIC Inc., Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Taiji Nagaoka
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (H.H.); (H.Y.); (S.Y.)
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Huang R, Fu P, Ma L. Kidney fibrosis: from mechanisms to therapeutic medicines. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:129. [PMID: 36932062 PMCID: PMC10023808 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is estimated to affect 10-14% of global population. Kidney fibrosis, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition leading to scarring, is a hallmark manifestation in different progressive CKD; However, at present no antifibrotic therapies against CKD exist. Kidney fibrosis is identified by tubule atrophy, interstitial chronic inflammation and fibrogenesis, glomerulosclerosis, and vascular rarefaction. Fibrotic niche, where organ fibrosis initiates, is a complex interplay between injured parenchyma (like tubular cells) and multiple non-parenchymal cell lineages (immune and mesenchymal cells) located spatially within scarring areas. Although the mechanisms of kidney fibrosis are complicated due to the kinds of cells involved, with the help of single-cell technology, many key questions have been explored, such as what kind of renal tubules are profibrotic, where myofibroblasts originate, which immune cells are involved, and how cells communicate with each other. In addition, genetics and epigenetics are deeper mechanisms that regulate kidney fibrosis. And the reversible nature of epigenetic changes including DNA methylation, RNA interference, and chromatin remodeling, gives an opportunity to stop or reverse kidney fibrosis by therapeutic strategies. More marketed (e.g., RAS blockage, SGLT2 inhibitors) have been developed to delay CKD progression in recent years. Furthermore, a better understanding of renal fibrosis is also favored to discover biomarkers of fibrotic injury. In the review, we update recent advances in the mechanism of renal fibrosis and summarize novel biomarkers and antifibrotic treatment for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongshuang Huang
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Liang Ma
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Stasi A, Franzin R, Caggiano G, Losapio R, Fiorentino M, Alfieri C, Gesualdo L, Stallone G, Castellano G. New Frontiers in Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury and Blood Purification Therapies: The Role of Polymethylmethacrylate Membrane Hemofilter. Blood Purif 2023; 52:1-14. [PMID: 36693337 PMCID: PMC10210082 DOI: 10.1159/000528685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common consequence of sepsis with a mortality rate of up to 40%. The pathogenesis of septic AKI is complex and involves several mechanisms leading to exacerbated inflammatory response associated with renal injury. A large body of evidence suggests that inflammation is tightly linked to AKI through bidirectional interaction between renal and immune cells. Preclinical data from our and other laboratories have identified in complement system activation a crucial mediator of AKI. Partial recovery following AKI could lead to long-term consequences that predispose to chronic dysfunction and may also accelerate the progression of preexisting chronic kidney disease. Recent findings have revealed striking morphological and functional changes in renal parenchymal cells induced by mitochondrial dysfunction, cell cycle arrest via the activation of signaling pathways involved in aging process, microvascular rarefaction, and early fibrosis. Although major advances have been made in our understanding of the pathophysiology of AKI, there are no available preventive and therapeutic strategies in this field. The identification of ideal clinical biomarkers for AKI enables prompt and effective therapeutic strategy that could prevent the progression of renal injury and promote repair process. Therefore, the use of novel biomarkers associated with clinical and functional criteria could provide early interventions and better outcome. Several new drugs for AKI are currently being investigated; however, the complexity of this disease might explain the failure of pharmacological intervention targeting just one of the many systems involved. The hypothesis that blood purification could improve the outcome of septic AKI has attracted much attention. New relevant findings on the role of polymethylmethacrylate-based continuous veno-venous hemofiltration in septic AKI have been reported. Herein, we provide a comprehensive literature review on advances in the pathophysiology of septic AKI and potential therapeutic approaches in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Stasi
- Renal, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DIMEPRE-J), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Rossana Franzin
- Renal, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DIMEPRE-J), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianvito Caggiano
- Renal, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DIMEPRE-J), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Losapio
- Renal, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DIMEPRE-J), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorentino
- Renal, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DIMEPRE-J), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Alfieri
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Renal, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DIMEPRE-J), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Livingston MJ, Shu S, Fan Y, Li Z, Jiao Q, Yin XM, Venkatachalam MA, Dong Z. Tubular cells produce FGF2 via autophagy after acute kidney injury leading to fibroblast activation and renal fibrosis. Autophagy 2023; 19:256-277. [PMID: 35491858 PMCID: PMC9809951 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2072054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Following acute kidney injury (AKI), renal tubular cells may stimulate fibroblasts in a paracrine fashion leading to interstitial fibrosis, but the paracrine factors and their regulation under this condition remain elusive. Here we identify a macroautophagy/autophagy-dependent FGF2 (fibroblast growth factor 2) production in tubular cells. Upon induction, FGF2 acts as a key paracrine factor to activate fibroblasts for renal fibrosis. After ischemic AKI in mice, autophagy activation persisted for weeks in renal tubular cells. In inducible, renal tubule-specific atg7 (autophagy related 7) knockout (iRT-atg7-KO) mice, autophagy deficiency induced after AKI suppressed the pro-fibrotic phenotype in tubular cells and reduced fibrosis. Among the major cytokines, tubular autophagy deficiency in iRT-atg7-KO mice specifically diminished FGF2. Autophagy inhibition also attenuated FGF2 expression in TGFB1/TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor, beta 1)-treated renal tubular cells. Consistent with a paracrine action, the culture medium of TGFB1-treated tubular cells stimulated renal fibroblasts, and this effect was suppressed by FGF2 neutralizing antibody and also by fgf2- or atg7-deletion in tubular cells. In human, compared with non-AKI, the renal biopsies from post-AKI patients had higher levels of autophagy and FGF2 in tubular cells, which showed significant correlations with renal fibrosis. These results indicate that persistent autophagy after AKI induces pro-fibrotic phenotype transformation in tubular cells leading to the expression and secretion of FGF2, which activates fibroblasts for renal fibrosis during maladaptive kidney repair.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladnine; ACTA2/α-SMA: actin alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta; ACTB/β-actin: actin, beta; AKI: acute kidney injury; ATG/Atg: autophagy related; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; CCN2/CTGF: cellular communication network factor 2; CDKN2A/p16: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A; CKD: chronic kidney disease; CM: conditioned medium; COL1A1: collagen, type I, alpha 1; COL4A1: collagen, type IV, alpha 1; CQ: chloroquine; ECM: extracellular matrix; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FGF2: fibroblast growth factor 2; FN1: fibronectin 1; FOXO3: forkhead box O3; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HAVCR1/KIM-1: hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1; IHC: immunohistochemistry; IRI: ischemia-reperfusion injury; ISH: in situ hybridization; LTL: lotus tetragonolobus lectin; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; PDGFB: platelet derived growth factor, B polypeptide; PPIB/cyclophilin B: peptidylprolyl isomerase B; RT-qPCR: real time-quantitative PCR; SA-GLB1/β-gal: senescence-associated galactosidase, beta 1; SASP: senescence-associated secretory phenotype; sCr: serum creatinine; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TASCC: TOR-autophagy spatial coupling compartment; TGFB1/TGF-β1: transforming growth factor, beta 1; VIM: vimentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man J. Livingston
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA,Research Department, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA,Man J. Livingston Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Shaoqun Shu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Jiao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA,Research Department, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA,CONTACT Zheng Dong Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA30912, USA
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9
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Signaling pathways involved in paraquat-induced pulmonary toxicity: Molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic drugs. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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10
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Wang Z, Zhang C. From AKI to CKD: Maladaptive Repair and the Underlying Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810880. [PMID: 36142787 PMCID: PMC9504835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as a pathological condition in which the glomerular filtration rate decreases rapidly over a short period of time, resulting in changes in the physiological function and tissue structure of the kidney. An increasing amount of evidence indicates that there is an inseparable relationship between acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease (CKD). With the progress in research in this area, researchers have found that the recovery of AKI may also result in the occurrence of CKD due to its own maladaptation and other potential mechanisms, which involve endothelial cell injury, inflammatory reactions, progression to fibrosis and other pathways that promote the progress of the disease. Based on these findings, this review summarizes the occurrence and potential mechanisms of maladaptive repair in the progression of AKI to CKD and explores possible treatment strategies in this process so as to provide a reference for the inhibition of the progression of AKI to CKD.
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11
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Magkrioti C, Antonopoulou G, Fanidis D, Pliaka V, Sakellaropoulos T, Alexopoulos LG, Ullmer C, Aidinis V. Lysophosphatidic Acid Is a Proinflammatory Stimulus of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137452. [PMID: 35806457 PMCID: PMC9267536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) refers to a spectrum of diseases defined by renal fibrosis, permanent alterations in kidney structure, and low glomerular-filtration rate. Prolonged epithelial-tubular damage involves a series of changes that eventually lead to CKD, highlighting the importance of tubular epithelial cells in this process. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid that signals mainly through its six cognate LPA receptors and is implicated in several chronic inflammatory pathological conditions. In this report, we have stimulated human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HKC-8) with LPA and 175 other possibly pathological stimuli, and simultaneously detected the levels of 27 intracellular phosphoproteins and 32 extracellular secreted molecules with multiplex ELISA. This quantification revealed a large amount of information concerning the signaling and the physiology of HKC-8 cells that can be extrapolated to other proximal tubular epithelial cells. LPA responses clustered with pro-inflammatory stimuli such as TNF and IL-1, promoting the phosphorylation of important inflammatory signaling hubs, including CREB1, ERK1, JUN, IκΒα, and MEK1, as well as the secretion of inflammatory factors of clinical relevance, including CCL2, CCL3, CXCL10, ICAM1, IL-6, and IL-8, most of them shown for the first time in proximal tubular epithelial cells. The identified LPA-induced signal-transduction pathways, which were pharmacologically validated, and the secretion of the inflammatory factors offer novel insights into the possible role of LPA in CKD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Magkrioti
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (G.A.); (D.F.)
| | - Georgia Antonopoulou
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (G.A.); (D.F.)
| | - Dionysios Fanidis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (G.A.); (D.F.)
| | - Vaia Pliaka
- ProtATonce Ltd., 15343 Athens, Greece; (V.P.); (T.S.); (L.G.A.)
| | | | - Leonidas G. Alexopoulos
- ProtATonce Ltd., 15343 Athens, Greece; (V.P.); (T.S.); (L.G.A.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece
| | - Christoph Ullmer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (G.A.); (D.F.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Pan X, Yang G, Ding N, Peng W, Guo T, Zeng M, Chai X. Admission Lysophosphatidic Acid Is Related to Impaired Kidney Function in Acute Aortic Dissection: 2-Year Retrospective Follow-Up Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:905406. [PMID: 35783860 PMCID: PMC9246270 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.905406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDelayed treatment of acute aortic dissection (AAD)-related acute kidney injury (AKI) significantly increases the burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mortality. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a shared mediator of kidney disease and AAD. Here, we evaluated the relationship between LPA and kidney injury in AAD patients.MethodsWe measured the plasma concentration of LPA in a cohort of 80 patients with AAD. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression and Logistic regression were used to evaluate the effect and interaction of LPA on AKI. Additive generalized model and penalized spline method were used to describe the non-linear association. Multivariable analyses with the Cox proportional-hazards model were used for subgroup analysis and interaction in LPA and subsequent CKD.ResultsThe participant’s average age was 54.27 ± 11.00 years, 68.75% of them were males, and the incidence of AKI was 43.75%. Patients with AKI had higher levels of LPA on admission, and the more significant the increase, the higher the risk of AKI. There was a non-linear positive correlation between admission LPA and AKI, and the premeditated inflection point was 346.33 (μg/dL) through two-piecewise linear regression and recursive algorithm. Subgroup analysis identified a stronger association between admission LPA and AKI in the elder, female and medically treated patients. The incidence of CKD was 22.67% in the 2-year follow-up. Patients with subsequent CKD had higher LPA levels on admission in the follow-up cohort, and a similar interaction trend was also observed through Cox proportional—hazards model.ConclusionAdmission LPA levels show a non-linear positive correlation with AKI and increase the risk of subsequent CKD, which is more pronounced in elderly, female, and medically treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogao Pan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiaogao Pan,
| | - Guifang Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Emergency, Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Peng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tuo Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengping Zeng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangping Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangping Chai,
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13
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Zhou L, Xue X, Hou Q, Dai C. Targeting Ferroptosis Attenuates Interstitial Inflammation and Kidney Fibrosis. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 8:57-71. [PMID: 35224007 DOI: 10.1159/000517723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated necrosis mediated by lipid peroxidation, predominantly polyunsaturated fatty acids, is involved in postischemic and toxic kidney injury. However, the role and mechanisms for tubular epithelial cell (TEC) ferroptosis in kidney fibrosis remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to decipher the role and mechanisms for TEC ferroptosis in kidney fibrosis. METHODS Mouse models with unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) or ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) were generated. RESULTS We found that TEC ferroptosis exhibited as reduced glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression and increased 4-hydroxynonenal abundance was appeared in kidneys from chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and mouse models with UUO or IRI. Inhibition of ferroptosis could largely mitigate kidney injury, interstitial fibrosis, and inflammatory cell accumulation in mice after UUO or IRI. Additionally, treatment of TECs with (1S,3R)-RSL-3, an inhibitor of GPX4, could enhance cell ferroptosis and recruit macrophages. Furthermore, inhibiting TEC ferroptosis reduced monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) secretion and macrophage chemotaxis. CONCLUSIONS This study uncovers that TEC ferroptosis may promote interstitial fibrosis and inflammation, and targeting ferroptosis may shine a light on protecting against kidney fibrosis in patients with CKDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Xue
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Hou
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunsun Dai
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Clinical Genetics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Yan H, Xu J, Xu Z, Yang B, Luo P, He Q. Defining therapeutic targets for renal fibrosis: Exploiting the biology of pathogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112115. [PMID: 34488081 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a failed wound-healing process of the kidney tissue after chronic, sustained injury, which is a common pathway and pathological marker of virtually every type of chronic kidney disease (CKD), regardless of cause. However, there is a lack of effective treatment specifically targeting against renal fibrosis per se to date. The main pathological feature of renal fibrosis is the massive activation and proliferation of renal fibroblasts and the excessive synthesis and secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposited in the renal interstitium, leading to structural damage, impairment of renal function, and eventually end-stage renal disease. In this review, we summarize recent advancements regarding the participation and interaction of many types of kidney residents and infiltrated cells during renal fibrosis, attempt to comprehensively discuss the mechanism of renal fibrosis from the cellular level and conclude by highlighting novel therapeutic targets and approaches for development of new treatments for patients with renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yan
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiangxin Xu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhifei Xu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peihua Luo
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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15
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Ebhodaghe SO. Natural Polymeric Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 32:2144-2194. [PMID: 34328068 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1958185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural polymeric scaffolds can be used for tissue engineering applications such as cell delivery and cell-free supporting of native tissues. This is because of their desirable properties such as; high biocompatibility, tunable mechanical strength and conductivity, large surface area, porous- and extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicked structures. Specifically, their less toxicity and biocompatibility makes them suitable for several tissue engineering applications. For these reasons, several biopolymeric scaffolds are currently being explored for numerous tissue engineering applications. To date, research on the nature, chemistry, and properties of nanocomposite biopolymers are been reported, while the need for a comprehensive research note on more tissue engineering application of these biopolymers remains. As a result, this present study comprehensively reviews the development of common natural biopolymers as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications such as cartilage tissue engineering, cornea repairs, osteochondral defect repairs, and nerve regeneration. More so, the implications of research findings for further studies are presented, while the impact of research advances on future research and other specific recommendations are added as well.
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16
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Igarashi N, Honjo M, Yamagishi R, Kurano M, Yatomi Y, Igarashi K, Kaburaki T, Aihara M. Crosstalk between transforming growth factor β-2 and Autotaxin in trabecular meshwork and different subtypes of glaucoma. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:47. [PMID: 34140021 PMCID: PMC8212476 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00745-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 in aqueous humor (AH) has been suggested to contribute to trabecular meshwork (TM) fibrosis and intraocular pressure (IOP) regulation in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), but TGF-β2 is downregulated in secondary open-angle glaucoma (SOAG). Because autotaxin (ATX) is upregulated in SOAG, we investigated the relationships and trans-signaling interactions of these mediators. METHODS The level of ATX in AH was determined using a two-site immunoenzymetric assay, and TGF-β levels were measured using the Bio-Plex Pro TGF-β Assay. RNA scope was used to assess the expression of ATX and TGF-β2 in human's eye specimen. And in vitro studies were performed using hTM cells to explore if trans-signaling of TGF-β2 regulates ATX expressions. RESULTS TGF-β2/ATX ratio was significantly high in AH of control or POAG compared with SOAG, and negatively correlated with IOP. RNA scope revelated positive expressions of both TGF-β2 and ATX in ciliary body (CB) and TM in control, but ATX expressions was significantly enhanced in SOAG. In hTM cells, ATX expressions were regulated by TGF-β2 with concentration-dependent manner. In counter, ATX also induced TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGFBI upregulations and activation of the Smad-sensitive promoter, as well as upregulation of fibrotic markers, and these upregulation was significantly suppressed by both TGF-β and ATX inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Trans-signaling of TGF-β2 regulates ATX expressions and thereby induced upregulations of TGF-βs or fibrosis of hTM. TGF-β2 trans-signaling potently regulate ATX transcription and signaling in hTM cells, which may reflect different profile of these mediators in glaucoma subtypes. Trial Registration This prospective observational study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Tokyo and was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry of Japan (ID: UMIN000027137). All study procedures conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Igarashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Honjo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Reiko Yamagishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Saitama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Saitama, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Igarashi
- Bioscience Division, Reagent Development Department, AIA Research Group, TOSOH Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Kaburaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Makoto Aihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Meduri B, Pujar GV, Durai Ananda Kumar T, Akshatha HS, Sethu AK, Singh M, Kanagarla A, Mathew B. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor modulators: Structural features and recent development. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 222:113574. [PMID: 34126459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) activates six LPA receptors (LPAR1-6) and regulates various cellular activities such as cell proliferation, cytoprotection, and wound healing. Many studies elucidated the pathological outcomes of LPA are due to the alteration in signaling pathways, which include migration and invasion of cancer cells, fibrosis, atherosclerosis, and inflammation. Current pathophysiological research on LPA and its receptors provides a means that LPA receptors are new therapeutic targets for disorders associated with LPA. Various chemical modulators are developed and are under investigation to treat a wide range of pathological complications. This review summarizes the physiological and pathological roles of LPA signaling, development of various LPA modulators, their structural features, patents, and their clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyalalitha Meduri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015 India
| | - Gurubasavaraj Veeranna Pujar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015 India.
| | - T Durai Ananda Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015 India
| | - H S Akshatha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015 India
| | - Arun Kumar Sethu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015 India
| | - Manisha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015 India
| | - Abhinav Kanagarla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530003, India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
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18
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O'Regan A, O'Brien CJ, Eivers SB. The lysophosphatidic acid axis in fibrosis: Implications for glaucoma. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:613-626. [PMID: 34009724 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a common progressive optic neuropathy that results in visual field defects and can lead to irreversible blindness. The pathophysiology of glaucoma involves dysregulated extracellular matrix remodelling in both the trabecular meshwork in the anterior chamber and in the lamina cribrosa of the optic nerve head. Fibrosis in these regions leads to raised intraocular pressure and retinal ganglion cell degeneration, respectively. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid mediator which acts via six G-protein coupled receptors on the cell surface to activate intracellular pathways that promote cell proliferation, transcription and survival. LPA signalling has been implicated in both normal wound healing and pathological fibrosis. LPA enhances fibroblast proliferation, migration and contraction, and induces expression of pro-fibrotic mediators such as connective tissue growth factor. The LPA axis plays a major role in diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, where it has been identified as an important pharmacological target. In glaucoma, LPA is present in high levels in the aqueous humour, and its signalling has been found to increase resistance to aqueous humour outflow through altered trabecular meshwork cellular contraction and extracellular matrix deposition. LPA signalling may, therefore, also represent an attractive target for treatment of glaucoma. In this review we wish to describe the role of LPA and its related proteins in tissue fibrosis and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy O'Regan
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm J O'Brien
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah B Eivers
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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19
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Geng H, Lan R, Liu Y, Chen W, Wu M, Saikumar P, Weinberg JM, Venkatachalam MA. Proximal tubule LPA1 and LPA2 receptors use divergent signaling pathways to additively increase profibrotic cytokine secretion. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F359-F374. [PMID: 33427061 PMCID: PMC7988817 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00494.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) increases platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGFB) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) production and secretion by proximal tubule (PT) cells through LPA2 receptor-Gqα-αvβ6-integrin-mediated activation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1). LPA2, β6-integrin, PDGFB, and CTGF increase in kidneys after ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), coinciding with fibrosis. The TGFB1 receptor antagonist SD-208 prevents increases of β6-integrin, TGFB1-SMAD signaling, and PDGFB/CTGF expression after IRI and ameliorates fibrosis (Geng H, Lan R, Singha PK, Gilchrist A, Weinreb PH, Violette SM, Weinberg JM, Saikumar P, Venkatachalam MA. Am J Pathol 181: 1236-1249, 2012; Geng H, Lan R, Wang G, Siddiqi AR, Naski MC, Brooks AI, Barnes JL, Saikumar P, Weinberg JM, Venkatachalam MA. Am J Pathol 174: 1291-1308, 2009). We report now that LPA1 receptor signaling through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-ERK1/2-activator protein-1 cooperates with LPA2-dependent TGFB1 signaling to additively increase PDGFB/CTGF production and secretion by PT cells. Conversely, inhibition of both pathways results in greater suppression of PDGFB/CTGF production and secretion and promotes greater PT cellular differentiation than inhibiting one pathway alone. Antagonism of the LPA-generating enzyme autotaxin suppressed signaling through both pathways. After IRI, kidneys showed not only more LPA2, nuclear SMAD2/3, and PDGFB/CTGF but also increased LPA1 and autotaxin proteins, together with enhanced EGFR/ERK1/2 activation. Remarkably, the TGFB1 receptor antagonist SD-208 prevented all of these abnormalities excepting increased LPA2. SD-208 inhibits only one arm of LPA signaling: LPA2-Gqα-αvβ6-integrin-dependent production of active TGFB1 and its receptor-bound downstream effects. Consequently, far-reaching protection by SD-208 against IRI-induced signaling alterations and tubule-interstitial pathology is not fully explained by our data. TGFB1-dependent feedforward modulation of LPA1 signaling is one possibility. SD-208 effects may also involve mitigation of injury caused by IRI-induced TGFB1 signaling in endothelial cells and monocytes. Our results have translational implications for using TGFB1 receptor antagonists, LPA1 and LPA2 inhibitors concurrently, and autotaxin inhibitors in acute kidney injury to prevent the development of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Geng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Rongpei Lan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Yaguang Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Pothana Saikumar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Joel M Weinberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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20
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Shen AR, Zhong X, Tang TT, Wang C, Jing J, Liu BC, Lv LL. Integrin, Exosome and Kidney Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 11:627800. [PMID: 33569013 PMCID: PMC7868550 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.627800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that function as noncovalent heterodimers that mediate cellular adhesion and migration, cell to cell communication, and intracellular signaling activation. In kidney, latency associated peptide-transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) were found as the novel ligands of integrins that contribute to renal interstitial fibrosis and focal segmental glomerular sclerosis glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Interestingly, recent studies revealed that integrins are the compositional cargo of exosomes. Increasing evidence suggested that exosomal integrin played critical roles in diverse pathophysiologic conditions such as tumor metastasis, neurological disorders, immunology regulation, and other processes. This review will focus on the biology and function of exosomal integrin, emphasizing its potential role in kidney disease as well as its implications in developing novel therapeutic and diagnosis approaches for kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Ran Shen
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao-Tao Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin-Li Lv
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Reddy MA, Natarajan R. Cooperative activation of divergent pathways by LPAR1 and LPAR2 receptors in fibrotic signaling. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F322-F324. [PMID: 33491561 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00685.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marpadga A Reddy
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
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22
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Hirata T, Smith SV, Takahashi T, Miyata N, Roman RJ. Increased Levels of Renal Lysophosphatidic Acid in Rodent Models with Renal Disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 376:240-249. [PMID: 33277348 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid mediator that has been implicated in the pathophysiology of kidney disease. However, few studies have attempted to measure changes in the levels of various LPA species in the kidney after the development of renal disease. The present study measured the renal LPA levels during the development of kidney disease in rat models of hypertension, diabetes, and obstructive nephropathy using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. LPA levels (sum of 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, and 20:4 LPA) were higher in the renal cortex of hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) rats fed a high-salt diet than those in normotensive rats fed a low-salt diet (296.6 ± 22.9 vs. 196.3 ± 8.5 nmol/g protein). LPA levels were elevated in the outer medulla of the kidney of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic Dahl S rats compared with control rats (624.6 ± 129.5 vs. 318.8 ± 17.1 nmol/g protein). LPA levels were also higher in the renal cortex of 18-month-old, type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) rats with more severe renal injury than in 6-month-old T2DN rats (184.9 ± 20.9 vs. 116.9 ± 6.0 nmol/g protein). LPA levels also paralleled the progression of renal fibrosis in the renal cortex of Sprague-Dawley rats after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Administration of an LPA receptor antagonist, Ki16425, reduced the degree of renal fibrosis in UUO rats. These results suggest that the production of renal LPA increases during the development of renal injury and contributes to renal fibrosis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The present study reveals that the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) levels increase in the kidney in rat models of hypertension, diabetes, and obstructive nephropathy, and administration of an LPA receptor antagonist attenuates renal fibrosis. Therapeutic approaches that target the formation or actions of renal LPA might be renoprotective and have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hirata
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi (T.H., S.V.S., R.J.R.); and Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., T.T.) and Research Headquarters of Pharmaceutical Operation (N.M.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Stanley V Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi (T.H., S.V.S., R.J.R.); and Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., T.T.) and Research Headquarters of Pharmaceutical Operation (N.M.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Teisuke Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi (T.H., S.V.S., R.J.R.); and Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., T.T.) and Research Headquarters of Pharmaceutical Operation (N.M.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyata
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi (T.H., S.V.S., R.J.R.); and Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., T.T.) and Research Headquarters of Pharmaceutical Operation (N.M.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi (T.H., S.V.S., R.J.R.); and Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., T.T.) and Research Headquarters of Pharmaceutical Operation (N.M.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
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Zhou Y, Little PJ, Cao Y, Ta HT, Kamato D. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 transactivation of TGFBR1 stimulates the mRNA expression of proteoglycan synthesizing genes XYLT1 and CHST3. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118848. [PMID: 32920014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) via transactivation dependent signalling pathways contributes to a plethora of physiological and pathophysiological responses. In the vasculature, hyperelongation of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains on proteoglycans leads to lipid retention in the intima resulting in the early pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Therefore, we investigated and defined the contribution of transactivation dependent signalling in LPA mediated GAG chain hyperelongation in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). LPA acting via the LPA receptor 5 (LPAR5) transactivates the TGFBR1 to stimulate the mRNA expression of GAG initiation and elongation genes xylosyltransferase-1 (XYLT1) and chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase-1 (CHST3), respectively. We found that LPA stimulates ROS and Akt signalling in VSMCs, however they are not associated in LPAR5 transactivation of the TGFBR1. We observed that LPA via ROCK dependent pathways transactivates the TGFBR1 to stimulate genes associated with GAG chain elongation. We demonstrate that GPCR transactivation of the TGFBR1 occurs via a universal biochemical mechanism and the identified effectors represent potential therapeutic targets to inhibit pathophysiological effects of GPCR transactivation of the TGFBR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, the University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, the University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Yingnan Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Hang T Ta
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, the University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Danielle Kamato
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, the University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510520, China.
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Mozaffari Godarzi S, Valizade Gorji A, Gholizadeh B, Mard SA, Mansouri E. Antioxidant effect of p-coumaric acid on interleukin 1-β and tumor necrosis factor-α in rats with renal ischemic reperfusion. Nefrologia 2020. [PMID: 31892486 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Renal ischemia-reperfusion occurs in some clinical conditions such as kidney surgery that can leads to acute renal failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of p-coumaric acid (CA) on ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS Thirty rats were randomly divided into five groups; control, CA (100mg/kg), I/R, propylene glycol (10%)+I/R and CA+I/R, (n=6 each). CA and propylene glycol were administered orally for 2 weeks. Then, the rats were subjected to bilateral renal ischemia for 45min and followed by reperfusion for 24h. All rats were killed and kidney function tests, tissue malondialdehyde and activity of antioxidant enzymes were determined. Histopathological evaluations were also performed. In addition, renal expression of the tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS CA significantly improved the Cr and BUN levels in CA+I/R group compared to I/R group (p<0.005 and p<0.001, respectively). Reduction of tissue superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, were significantly improved by CA (p<0.01, p<0.01 and p<0.05). Treatment with CA also resulted in significant reduction in tissue MDA (p<0.05), TNF-α (p<0.001) and interleukin-1β expression (p<0.001) that were increased by renal I/R. Also, the rats treated with CA had nearly normal structure of the kidney. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that, CA protects the kidneys against I/R injury via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Mozaffari Godarzi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Armita Valizade Gorji
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behnam Gholizadeh
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Atherosclerosis Research Center and Imam Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Coca A, Aller C, Reinaldo Sánchez J, Valencia AL, Bustamante-Munguira E, Bustamante-Munguira J. Role of the Furosemide Stress Test in Renal Injury Prognosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3086. [PMID: 32349337 PMCID: PMC7247682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Risk stratification and accurate patient prognosis are pending issues in the management of patients with kidney disease. The furosemide stress test (FST) has been proposed as a low-cost, fast, safe, and easy-to-perform test to assess tubular integrity, especially when compared to novel plasma and urinary biomarkers. However, the findings regarding its clinical use published so far provide insufficient evidence to recommend the generalized application of the test in daily clinical routine. Dosage, timing, and clinical outcomes of the FST proposed thus far have been significantly different, which further accentuates the need for standardization in the application of the test in order to facilitate the comparison of results between series. This review will summarize published research regarding the usefulness of the FST in different settings, providing the reader some insights about the possible implications of FST in clinical decision-making in patients with kidney disease and the challenges that research will have to address in the near future before widely applying the FST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Coca
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (A.C.); (C.A.); (J.R.S.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Carmen Aller
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (A.C.); (C.A.); (J.R.S.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Jimmy Reinaldo Sánchez
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (A.C.); (C.A.); (J.R.S.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Ana Lucía Valencia
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (A.C.); (C.A.); (J.R.S.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Elena Bustamante-Munguira
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Juan Bustamante-Munguira
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
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Xiang H, Lu Y, Shao M, Wu T. Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptors: Biochemical and Clinical Implications in Different Diseases. J Cancer 2020; 11:3519-3535. [PMID: 32284748 PMCID: PMC7150451 DOI: 10.7150/jca.41841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA, 1-acyl-2-hemolytic-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate) extracted from membrane phospholipid is a kind of simple bioactive glycophospholipid, which has many biological functions such as stimulating cell multiplication, cytoskeleton recombination, cell survival, drug-fast, synthesis of DNA and ion transport. Current studies have shown that six G-coupled protein receptors (LPAR1-6) can be activated by LPA. They stimulate a variety of signal transduction pathways through heterotrimeric G-proteins (such as Gα12/13, Gαq/11, Gαi/o and GαS). LPA and its receptors play vital roles in cancers, nervous system diseases, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, metabolic diseases, etc. In this article, we discussed the structure of LPA receptors and elucidated their functions in various diseases, in order to better understand them and point out new therapeutic schemes for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiao Xiang
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingmei Shao
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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27
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Abedi F, Hayes AW, Reiter R, Karimi G. Acute lung injury: The therapeutic role of Rho kinase inhibitors. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104736. [PMID: 32135249 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a pulmonary illness with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Rho GTPase and its downstream effector, Rho kinase (ROCK), have been demonstrated to be involved in cell adhesion, motility, and contraction which can play a role in ALI. The electronic databases of Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched to obtain relevant studies regarding the role of the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway in the pathophysiology of ALI and the effects of specific Rho kinase inhibitors in prevention and treatment of ALI. Upregulation of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway causes an increase of inflammation, immune cell migration, apoptosis, coagulation, contraction, and cell adhesion in pulmonary endothelial cells. These effects are involved in endothelium barrier dysfunction and edema, hallmarks of ALI. These effects were significantly reversed by Rho kinase inhibitors. Rho kinase inhibition offers a promising approach in ALI [ARDS] treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Abedi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Russel Reiter
- University of Texas, Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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28
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Kamato D, Do BH, Osman N, Ross BP, Mohamed R, Xu S, Little PJ. Smad linker region phosphorylation is a signalling pathway in its own right and not only a modulator of canonical TGF-β signalling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:243-251. [PMID: 31407020 PMCID: PMC11104920 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling pathways are intensively investigated because of their diverse association with physiological and pathophysiological states. Smad transcription factors are the key mediators of TGF-β signalling. Smads can be directly phosphorylated in the carboxy terminal by the TGF-β receptor or in the linker region via multiple intermediate serine/threonine kinases. Growth factors in addition to hormones and TGF-β can activate many of the same kinases which can phosphorylate the Smad linker region. Historically, Smad linker region phosphorylation was shown to prevent nuclear translocation of Smads and inhibit TGF-β signalling pathways; however, it was subsequently shown that Smad linker region phosphorylation can be a driver of gene expression. This review will cover the signalling pathways of Smad linker region phosphorylation that drive the expression of genes involved in pathology and pathophysiology. The role of Smad signalling in cell biology is expanding rapidly beyond its role in TGF-β signalling and many signalling paradigms need to be re-evaluated in terms of Smad involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Kamato
- Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-Sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510520, China.
| | - Bich Hang Do
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Narin Osman
- School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Ross
- Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Raafat Mohamed
- Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Peter J Little
- Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-Sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510520, China
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29
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Mozaffari Godarzi S, Valizade Gorji A, Gholizadeh B, Mard SA, Mansouri E. Antioxidant effect of p-coumaric acid on interleukin 1-β and tumor necrosis factor-α in rats with renal ischemic reperfusion. Nefrologia 2019; 40:311-319. [PMID: 31892486 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Renal ischemia-reperfusion occurs in some clinical conditions such as kidney surgery that can leads to acute renal failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of p-coumaric acid (CA) on ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS Thirty rats were randomly divided into five groups; control, CA (100mg/kg), I/R, propylene glycol (10%)+I/R and CA+I/R, (n=6 each). CA and propylene glycol were administered orally for 2 weeks. Then, the rats were subjected to bilateral renal ischemia for 45min and followed by reperfusion for 24h. All rats were killed and kidney function tests, tissue malondialdehyde and activity of antioxidant enzymes were determined. Histopathological evaluations were also performed. In addition, renal expression of the tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS CA significantly improved the Cr and BUN levels in CA+I/R group compared to I/R group (p<0.005 and p<0.001, respectively). Reduction of tissue superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, were significantly improved by CA (p<0.01, p<0.01 and p<0.05). Treatment with CA also resulted in significant reduction in tissue MDA (p<0.05), TNF-α (p<0.001) and interleukin-1β expression (p<0.001) that were increased by renal I/R. Also, the rats treated with CA had nearly normal structure of the kidney. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that, CA protects the kidneys against I/R injury via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Mozaffari Godarzi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Armita Valizade Gorji
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behnam Gholizadeh
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Atherosclerosis Research Center and Imam Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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30
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Cairns JT, Habgood A, Edwards-Pritchard RC, Joseph C, John AE, Wilkinson C, Stewart ID, Leslie J, Blaxall BC, Susztak K, Alberti S, Nordheim A, Oakley F, Jenkins G, Tatler AL. Loss of ELK1 has differential effects on age-dependent organ fibrosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 120:105668. [PMID: 31877385 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
ETS domain-containing protein-1 (ELK1) is a transcription factor important in regulating αvβ6 integrin expression. αvβ6 integrins activate the profibrotic cytokine Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGFβ1) and are increased in the alveolar epithelium in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). IPF is a disease associated with aging and therefore we hypothesised that aged animals lacking Elk1 globally would develop spontaneous fibrosis in organs where αvβ6 mediated TGFβ activation has been implicated. Here we identify that Elk1-knockout (Elk1-/0) mice aged to one year developed spontaneous fibrosis in the absence of injury in both the lung and the liver but not in the heart or kidneys. The lungs of Elk1-/0 aged mice demonstrated increased collagen deposition, in particular collagen 3α1, located in small fibrotic foci and thickened alveolar walls. Despite the liver having relatively low global levels of ELK1 expression, Elk1-/0 animals developed hepatosteatosis and fibrosis. The loss of Elk1 also had differential effects on Itgb1, Itgb5 and Itgb6 expression in the four organs potentially explaining the phenotypic differences in these organs. To understand the potential causes of reduced ELK1 in human disease we exposed human lung epithelial cells and murine lung slices to cigarette smoke extract, which lead to reduced ELK1 expression andmay explain the loss of ELK1 in human disease. These data support a fundamental role for ELK1 in protecting against the development of progressive fibrosis via transcriptional regulation of beta integrin subunit genes, and demonstrate that loss of ELK1 can be caused by cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T Cairns
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Anthony Habgood
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Rochelle C Edwards-Pritchard
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Chitra Joseph
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Alison E John
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Chloe Wilkinson
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Iain D Stewart
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Jack Leslie
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Burns C Blaxall
- Department of Personalized Medicine and Pharmacogenetics, The Christ Hospital Health Network, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Siegfried Alberti
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Tuebingen University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alfred Nordheim
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Tuebingen University, Tuebingen, Germany; Leibniz Institute on Ageing (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Fiona Oakley
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4th Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Amanda L Tatler
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
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31
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Zhou Y, Little PJ, Ta HT, Xu S, Kamato D. Lysophosphatidic acid and its receptors: pharmacology and therapeutic potential in atherosclerosis and vascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 204:107404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Formica C, Happé H, Veraar KA, Vortkamp A, Scharpfenecker M, McNeill H, Peters DJ. Four-jointed knock-out delays renal failure in an ADPKD model with kidney injury. J Pathol 2019; 249:114-125. [PMID: 31038742 PMCID: PMC6772084 DOI: 10.1002/path.5286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease is characterised by the development of fluid‐filled cysts in the kidneys which lead to end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). In the majority of cases, the disease is caused by a mutation in the Pkd1 gene. In a previous study, we demonstrated that renal injury can accelerate cyst formation in Pkd1 knock‐out (KO) mice. In that study, we found that after injury four‐jointed (Fjx1), an upstream regulator of planar cell polarity and the Hippo pathway, was aberrantly expressed in Pkd1 KO mice compared to WT. Therefore, we hypothesised a role for Fjx1 in injury/repair and cyst formation. We generated single and double deletion mice for Pkd1 and Fjx1, and we induced toxic renal injury using the nephrotoxic compound 1,2‐dichlorovinyl‐cysteine. We confirmed that nephrotoxic injury can accelerate cyst formation in Pkd1 mutant mice. This caused Pkd1 KO mice to reach ESRD significantly faster; unexpectedly, double KO mice survived significantly longer. Cyst formation was comparable in both models, but we found significantly less fibrosis and macrophage infiltration in double KO mice. Taken together, these data suggest that Fjx1 disruption protects the cystic kidneys against kidney failure by reducing inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, we describe, for the first time, an interesting (yet unidentified) mechanism that partially discriminates cyst growth from fibrogenesis. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Formica
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hester Happé
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberley Am Veraar
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Vortkamp
- Department of Developmental Biology, Centre of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Helen McNeill
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dorien Jm Peters
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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The involvement of autotaxin in renal interstitial fibrosis through regulation of fibroblast functions and induction of vascular leakage. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7414. [PMID: 31092842 PMCID: PMC6520387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of fibroblasts is a critical step in the development of fibrosis, and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes fibrosis by regulating multiple fibroblast functions. Autotaxin (ATX) is a key LPA-producing enzyme, and we hypothesized that ATX contributes to the development of renal interstitial fibrosis through LPA-mediated effects on fibroblast functions. In a mouse model of renal interstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), the levels of renal ATX protein and activity increased with the progression of fibrosis in ligated kidneys, despite concurrent reductions in renal ATX mRNA. UUO enhanced vascular permeability in the renal interstitium, and ATX protein localized to areas of vascular leak, suggesting that vascular leak allowed ATX to enter the renal interstitium. In vitro studies showed that ATX induces the migration and proliferation of renal fibroblasts and enhances the vascular permeability of endothelial monolayers. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of ATX partially attenuated renal interstitial fibrosis. These results suggest that during the development of renal fibrosis, ATX accumulates in the renal interstitium and drives fibroblast accumulation and promotes renal interstitial vascular leak, thereby partially contributing to the pathogenesis of renal interstitial fibrosis. Taken together, ATX inhibition may have the potential to be a novel therapeutic strategy to combat renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Michalczyk A, Dołęgowska B, Heryć R, Chlubek D, Safranow K. Associations between plasma lysophospholipids concentrations, chronic kidney disease and the type of renal replacement therapy. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:85. [PMID: 30947711 PMCID: PMC6449907 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) are bioactive lysophospholipids involved in the pathogenesis of renal diseases, especially the renal fibrosis. Plasma LPC concentrations in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are lower or similar to those observed in control groups, but less is known about the LPA concentrations. The main aim of the study was the analysis of associations of chronic kidney disease and renal replacement therapy with the plasma LPA concentrations. We have also analyzed the relationship between the plasma concentrations of LPA and LPC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Study group consisted of 110 patients with CKD in stages G3-G5 according to the KDIGO guidelines and was divided into four subgroups: treated conservatively (CT, 30 patients), on hemodialysis (HD, 30 patients), on peritoneal dialysis (PD, 30 patients) and renal transplant recipients (RT, 20 patients). In HD the blood was collected immediately before (HD D1) and after the dialysis (HD D2). In RT the blood was collected immediately before (RT D1) and 3-14 days after the transplantation (RT D2). The control group (Con) consisted of 50 healthy volunteers. Plasma concentrations of LPA and LPC were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS In CT, PD and RT D2 plasma concentrations of LPA were significantly higher, compared to Con. In HD, LPA levels did not differ compared to Con and they were significantly lower compared to PD (HD D1 and HD D2), RT D2 (HD D1 and HD D2) and CT (HD D1). However, in most of patients concentrations of LPA were within the range of reference values established in healthy volunteers. Concentrations of LPC were significantly lower in almost all patients subgroups, compared to Con, except in PD. There were no significant correlations between plasma concentrations of LPA and LPC in any of patients subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Presence of CKD is associated with increased plasma LPA levels and the hemodialysis therapy reduces this influence. However, only in a small percentage of patients with CKD, LPA concentrations are out of the reference range, which makes LPA not useful as a diagnostic marker for CKD. Further studies are needed to confirm and explain observed relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Michalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rafał Heryć
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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van Smaalen TC, Ellis SR, Mascini NE, Siegel TP, Cillero-Pastor B, Hillen LM, van Heurn LWE, Peutz-Kootstra CJ, Heeren RMA. Rapid Identification of Ischemic Injury in Renal Tissue by Mass-Spectrometry Imaging. Anal Chem 2019; 91:3575-3581. [PMID: 30702282 PMCID: PMC6581420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The increasing analytical speed of mass-spectrometry imaging (MSI) has led to growing interest in the medical field. Acute kidney injury is a severe disease with high morbidity and mortality. No reliable cut-offs are known to estimate the severity of acute kidney injury. Thus, there is a need for new tools to rapidly and accurately assess acute ischemia, which is of clinical importance in intensive care and in kidney transplantation. We investigated the value of MSI to assess acute ischemic kidney tissue in a porcine model. A perfusion model was developed where paired kidneys received warm (severe) or cold (minor) ischemia ( n = 8 per group). First, ischemic tissue damage was systematically assessed by two blinded pathologists. Second, MALDI-MSI of kidney tissues was performed to study the spatial distributions and compositions of lipids in the tissues. Histopathological examination revealed no significant difference between kidneys, whereas MALDI-MSI was capable of a detailed discrimination of severe and mild ischemia by differential expression of characteristic lipid-degradation products throughout the tissue within 2 h. In particular, lysolipids, including lysocardiolipins, lysophosphatidylcholines, and lysophosphatidylinositol, were dramatically elevated after severe ischemia. This study demonstrates the significant potential of MSI to differentiate and identify molecular patterns of early ischemic injury in a clinically acceptable time frame. The observed changes highlight the underlying biochemical processes of acute ischemic kidney injury and provide a molecular classification tool that can be deployed in assessment of acute ischemic kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. C. van Smaalen
- Department
of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical
Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S. R. Ellis
- The
Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division
of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht
University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - N. E. Mascini
- The
Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division
of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht
University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - T. Porta Siegel
- The
Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division
of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht
University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - B. Cillero-Pastor
- The
Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division
of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht
University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L. M. Hillen
- Department
of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW-School
for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L. W. E. van Heurn
- Department
of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical
Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C. J. Peutz-Kootstra
- Department
of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R. M. A. Heeren
- The
Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division
of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht
University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Liu BC, Tang TT, Lv LL. How Tubular Epithelial Cell Injury Contributes to Renal Fibrosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1165:233-252. [PMID: 31399968 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The renal tubules are the major component of the kidney and are vulnerable to a variety of injuries including ischemia, proteinuria, toxins, and metabolic disorders. It has long been believed that tubules are the victim of injury. In this review, we shift this concept to renal tubules as a driving force in the progression of kidney disease. In response to injury, tubular epithelial cells (TECs) can synthesize and secrete varieties of bioactive molecules that drive interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Innate immune-sensing receptors on the TECs also aggravate immune responses. Necroinflammation, an auto-amplification loop between tubular cell death and interstitial inflammation, leads to the exacerbation of renal injury. Furthermore, TECs also play an active role in progressive renal injury via mechanisms associated with the conversion into collagen-producing fibroblast phenotype, cell cycle arrest at both G1/S and G2/M checkpoints, and metabolic disorder. Thus, a better understanding the mechanisms by which tubular injury drives AKI and CKD is necessary for the development of therapeutics to halt the progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Tao-Tao Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin-Li Lv
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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37
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How Acute Kidney Injury Contributes to Renal Fibrosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1165:117-142. [PMID: 31399964 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a widespread clinical syndrome directly associated with patient short-term and long-term morbidity and mortality. During the last decade, the incidence rate of AKI has been increasing, the repeated and severe episodes of AKI have been recognized as a major risk factor chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESRD) leading to global disease burden. Proposed pathological processes and risk factors that add to the transition of AKI to CKD and ESRD include severity and frequency of kidney injury, older age, gender, genetics and chronic health conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Therefore, there is a great interest in learning about the mechanism of AKI leading to renal fibrosis, the ultimate renal lesions of CKD. Over the last several years, a significant attention has been given to the field of renal fibrosis with impressive progression in knowing the mechanism of renal fibrosis to detailed cellular characterization and molecular pathways implicated in tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Research and clinical trial are underway for emerging biomarkers detecting early kidney injury, predicting kidney disease progression and developing strategies to efficiently treat AKI and to minimize AKI progression to CKD and ESRD. Specific interventions to prevent renal fibrosis are still experimental. Potential therapeutic advances based on those molecular mechanisms will hopefully offer promising insights into the development of new therapeutic interventions for patients in the near future.
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38
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Li S, Xiao X, Han L, Wang Y, Luo G. Renoprotective effect of Zhenwu decoction against renal fibrosis by regulation of oxidative damage and energy metabolism disorder. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14627. [PMID: 30279506 PMCID: PMC6168532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Zhenwu decoction (ZWD) is a promising traditional Chinese prescription against renal fibrosis, while its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Rat model of renal fibrosis were established and divided into control group, model group, ZWD treatment group and enalapril maleate treatment group. Metabolic profiles on serum samples from each group were acquired by using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry. Metabolomics combined with molecular biology were comparatively conducted on samples of various groups. Fifteen potential biomarkers were identified and these biomarkers are mainly phospholipids and fatty acids. The results showed renal fibrosis was associated with oxidative damage and energy metabolism disorder. The results of histopathology, biochemistry and metabolomics demonstrated that ZWD exhibited an efficient renoprotective effect by alleviating oxidative stress, increasing energy metabolism and regulating fibrotic cytokines. This study provided scientific support for the research and development of new drugs from traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling Han
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
| | - Yiming Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road in Haidian Distric, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guoan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road in Haidian Distric, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Song Y, Tao Q, Yu L, Li L, Bai T, Song X, Hu H, Li Y, Tan X. Activation of autophagy contributes to the renoprotective effect of postconditioning on acute kidney injury and renal fibrosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:641-646. [PMID: 30205956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/Reperfusion injury contributes to acute kidney injury (AKI) and subsequent chronic kidney disease (CKD) including renal fibrosis. Autophagy is a cytoplasmic components degradation pathway that has complex function in the development of various diseases such as fibrosis in kidney. Our previous work demonstrated that postconditioning (POC) showed excellent therapeutic effect on renal fibrosis via inhibiting the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after reperfusion. But the connection of autophagy and POC in the renoprotective effect remains unclear. Here, we defined the relevance of autophagy and POC in the protective effect on AKI and subsequent renal fibrosis. We found that at two days after I/R injury, POC largely reduced renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis and improved renal function; autophagy was significantly activated in kidneys of the POC rats. At two months after reperfusion, the I/R injury rats displayed severe renal fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas these were remarkably attenuated in the POC treated rats. Overall, our results demonstrated that POC could reduce renal damage and attenuate the degree of EMT after I/R injury via enhanced activation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolin Song
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Qianyu Tao
- Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Lixia Yu
- Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Ling Li
- Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Tingting Bai
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Song
- Department of E.N.T, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Haiqi Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Xiaohua Tan
- Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
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40
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Xu R, Xu M, Fu Y, Deng X, Han H, Chen X, He W, Chen G. Transforming growth factor-β1 and lysophosphatidic acid activate integrin β6 gene promoter in Hep-3B cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:439-446. [PMID: 29930716 PMCID: PMC6006494 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is difficult to detect αvβ6 integrin (αvβ6) in normal epithelia cells, its expression is upregulated during wound healing and carcinogenesis. Overexpression of αvβ6 has been demonstrated in epithelial cell carcinomas, such as adenocarcinoma of the colon and ovary. However, the expression of αvβ6 has not been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We previously indicated that LPA may induce αvβ6-mediated TGF-β1 signaling mechanisms during the pathogenesis of lung injury and fibrosis. In addition, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) have been demonstrated to participate in the progression of HCC. In the present study, we hypothesized that TGF-β1 and LPA would serve a key role in the subunit integrin β6 (Itgβ6) transcriptional regulatory mechanism in HCC. It was identified that human HCC tissues and Hep-3B cells expressed Itgβ6. Treatment of Hep-3B with TGF-β1 or LPA increased the expression of Itgβ6. Furthermore, truncation experiments indicated a positive regulatory region at -326 to -157 bp of the Itgβ6 promoter. TGF-β1 and LPA increased transcriptional activation at this regulatory region. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to demonstrate Itgβ6 expression in HCC, and the data indicate that TGF-β1 and LPA regulate Itgβ6 expression through the Itgβ6 gene promoter, which is an important factor in the development of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Xu
- Minimally Invasive Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Mingyan Xu
- Laboratory of Cell Senescence, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Yucai Fu
- Laboratory of Cell Senescence, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Deng
- Laboratory of Cell Senescence, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Hui Han
- Minimally Invasive Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Xihe Chen
- Laboratory of Cell Senescence, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing He
- Minimally Invasive Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Gengzhen Chen
- Minimally Invasive Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Gengzhen Chen, Minimally Invasive Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou Medical College, 69 Dongxia North Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China, E-mail:
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41
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Gómez E, Carrocera S, Martin D, Herrero P, Canela N, Muñoz M. Differential release of cell-signaling metabolites by male and female bovine embryos cultured in vitro. Theriogenology 2018; 114:180-184. [PMID: 29649720 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Male and female early bovine embryos show dimorphic transcription that impacts metabolism. Individual release of metabolites was examined in a 24h single culture medium from Day-6 male and female morulae that developed to Day-7 expanded blastocysts. Embryos were produced in vitro, fertilized with a single bull and cultured in SOFaaci+6 g/L BSA. The embryonic sex was identified (amelogenin gene amplification). Embryos (N = 10 males and N = 10 females) and N = 6 blank samples (i.e. SOFaaci+6 g/L BSA incubated with no embryos) were collected from 3 replicates. Metabolome was analyzed by UHPLC-TOF-MS in spent culture medium. After tentative identification, N = 13 metabolites significantly (P < 0.05; ANOVA) differed in their concentrations between male and female embryos, although N = 10 of these metabolites showed heterogeneity (Levene's test; P > 0.05). LysoPC(15:0) was the only metabolite found at higher concentration in females (fold change [FC] male to female = 0.766). FC of metabolites more abundant in male culture medium (N = 12) varied from 1.069 to 1.604. Chemical taxonomy grouped metabolites as amino-acids and related compounds (DL-2 aminooctanoic acid, arginine, 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan, and palmitoylglycine); lipids (2-hexenoylcarnitine; Lauroyl diethanolamide; 5,6 dihydroxyprostaglandin F1a; LysoPC(15:0); DG(14:0/14:1(9Z)/0:0) and triterpenoid); endogenous amine ((S)-N-Methylsalsolinol/(R)-N-Methylsalsolinol); n-acyl-alpha-hexosamine (N-acetyl-alpha-d-galactosamine 1-phosphate); and dUMP, a product of pyrimidine metabolism. Among the compounds originally contained in CM, female embryos significantly depleted more arginine than males and blank controls (P < 0.001). Male and female embryos induce different concentrations of metabolites with potential signaling effects. The increased abundance of metabolites released from males is consistent with the higher metabolic activity attributed to such blastocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gómez
- Genética y Reproducción Animal, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394, Gijón, Spain.
| | - S Carrocera
- Genética y Reproducción Animal, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394, Gijón, Spain
| | - D Martin
- Genética y Reproducción Animal, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394, Gijón, Spain
| | - P Herrero
- Centre for OMIC Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - N Canela
- Centre for OMIC Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Muñoz
- Genética y Reproducción Animal, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394, Gijón, Spain
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Liu BC, Tang TT, Lv LL, Lan HY. Renal tubule injury: a driving force toward chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2018; 93:568-579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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43
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Chemical chaperon 4-phenylbutyrate protects against the endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated renal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. Oncotarget 2017; 7:22116-27. [PMID: 26959118 PMCID: PMC5008348 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the common and final pathologic change of kidney in end-stage renal disease. Interesting, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is known to contribute to the pathophysiological mechanisms during the development of renal fibrosis. Here, we investigated the effects of chemical chaperon sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) on renal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. In a rat unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model, 4-PBA mimicked endogenous ER chaperon in the kidneys and significantly reduced glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and phosphorylated JNK protein expressions as well as restored spliced X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) expressions in the kidneys of UUO rats. 4-PBA also attenuated the increases of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) protein expressions, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and apoptosis in the kidneys of UUO rats. Moreover, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β markedly increased ER stress-associated molecules, profibrotic factors, and apoptotic markers in the renal tubular cells (NRK-52E), all of which could be significantly counteracted by 4-PBA treatment. 4-PBA also diminished TGF-β-increased CTGF promoter activity and CTGF mRNA expression in NRK-52E cells. Taken together, our results indicated that 4-PBA acts as an ER chaperone to ameliorate ER stress-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis and renal fibrosis.
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Gómez E, Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, Martin D, Carrocera S, Murillo A, Correia-Alvarez E, Herrero P, Canela N, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Ulbrich S, Muñoz M. In vitro cultured bovine endometrial cells recognize embryonic sex. Theriogenology 2017; 108:176-184. [PMID: 29223655 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cell co-culture (ECC) with single embryo may reflect endometrium responses in vivo. Bovine Day-6 in vitro-produced morulae were cultured until Day-8 in modified synthetic oviductal fluid (mSOF), or on the epithelial side of ECC. Expression of epithelial- and stromal-cell transcripts was analyzed by RT-PCR in ECC with one male (ME) or female embryo (FE). Concentrations of ARTEMIN (ARTN) and total protein were determined in epithelial cell-conditioned medium. ECCs yielded embryos with more cells in the inner cell mass than embryos cultured in mSOF. Embryos altered transcript expression only in epithelial cells, not in stromal ones. Thus, ME induced larger reductions than FE and controls (i.e., no embryos cultured) in hexose transporter solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1) and member 5 (SLC2A5), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), artemin (ARTN), and interferon alpha and beta receptors subunit IFNAR1 and IFNAR2. FE reduced SLC2A1 and SLC2A5, and increased ARTN expression with respect to controls. ME tended to reduce total protein concentration (P < 0.082) in ECC-conditioned medium, while ARTN protein and gene expressions strongly correlated (R > 0.90; P < 0.05) in the group of ME or FE, but not in controls (without embryo). Isolated male and female embryos may differentially release signaling factors that induce sexually dimorphic responses in endometrial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gómez
- Genética y Reproducción Animal, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394 Gijón, Spain.
| | - M J Sánchez-Calabuig
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Martin
- Genética y Reproducción Animal, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394 Gijón, Spain
| | - S Carrocera
- Genética y Reproducción Animal, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394 Gijón, Spain
| | - A Murillo
- Genética y Reproducción Animal, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394 Gijón, Spain
| | - E Correia-Alvarez
- Genética y Reproducción Animal, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394 Gijón, Spain
| | - P Herrero
- Centre for OMIC Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - N Canela
- Centre for OMIC Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - A Gutiérrez-Adán
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, INIA, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, n°12, local 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Ulbrich
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Switzerland
| | - M Muñoz
- Genética y Reproducción Animal, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, 33394 Gijón, Spain
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Gauer S, Holzmann Y, Kränzlin B, Hoffmann SC, Gretz N, Hauser IA, Goppelt-Struebe M, Geiger H, Obermüller N. CTGF Is Expressed During Cystic Remodeling in the PKD/Mhm (cy/+) Rat Model for Autosomal-Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD). J Histochem Cytochem 2017; 65:743-755. [PMID: 29058957 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417735513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, also named CCN2) plays an important role in the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, which most critically determines the progression to end-stage renal failure in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the most common genetically caused renal disease. We determined CTGF expression in a well-characterized animal model of human ADPKD, the PKD/Mhm (cy/+) rat. Kidneys of 12 weeks old (cy/+) as well as (+/+) non-affected rats were analyzed for CTGF RNA and protein expression by RT-PCR, Northern and Western blot analyses, in situ hybridization, and IHC. Besides the established expression of CTGF in glomerular cells in kidneys of wild-type (+/+) animals, in (cy/+) rats, CTGF mRNA and protein were robustly expressed in interstitial, stellate-shaped cells, located in a scattered pattern underlying the cystic epithelium and in focal areas of advanced tubulointerstitial remodeling. Renal CTGF mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly higher in (cy/+) rats compared with their (+/+) littermates. Detection of CTGF expression in cells adjacent to cystic epithelium and in areas of marked fibrosis suggests a role in the local response to cyst development and indicates that CTGF may be a relevant factor contributing to tubulointerstitial fibrosis in polycystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Gauer
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yvonne Holzmann
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bettina Kränzlin
- Medical Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sigrid C Hoffmann
- Medical Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ingeborg A Hauser
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Margarete Goppelt-Struebe
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical Clinic 4, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helmut Geiger
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicholas Obermüller
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid that can exert diverse biological effects in various diseased states of the kidney by activating at least six cognate G protein-coupled receptors and its complex network of heterotrimeric G proteins. In many models of acute and chronic kidney injury, pathological elevations in LPA promotes abnormal changes in renal tubular epithelial cell architecture by activating apoptotic signaling, recruits immune cells to the site of injury, and stimulates profibrotic signaling by increasing gene transcription. In renal cancers, LPA can promote vascular cell proliferation and tumor cell invasion. In this review, a summary will be provided to describe the involvement of LPA, its synthetic enzymes, and its associated receptors in normal and diseased kidneys. Further elucidation of the LPA system may open new doors in developing a lipid-receptor therapeutic platform for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Duane D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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Zahir-Jouzdani F, Mahbod M, Soleimani M, Vakhshiteh F, Arefian E, Shahosseini S, Dinarvand R, Atyabi F. Chitosan and thiolated chitosan: Novel therapeutic approach for preventing corneal haze after chemical injuries. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 179:42-49. [PMID: 29111069 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Corneal haze, commonly caused by deep physical and chemical injuries, can greatly impair vision. Growth factors facilitate fibroblast proliferation and differentiation, which leads to haze intensity. In this study, the potential effect of chitosan (CS) and thiolated-chitosan (TCS) nanoparticles and solutions on inhibition of fibroblast proliferation, fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation, neovascularization, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and pro-fibrotic cytokine expression was examined. Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1) was induced by interleukin-6 (IL6) in human corneal fibroblasts and expression levels of TGFβ1, Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), α-smooth muscle actins (α-SMA), collagen type I (Col I), fibronectin (Fn) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were quantified using qRT-PCR. To assess wound-healing capacity, TCS-treated mice were examined for α-SMA positive cells, collagen deposition, inflammatory cells and neovascularization through pathological immunohistochemistry. The results revealed that CS and TCS could down-regulate the expression levels of TGFβ1 and PDGF comparable to that of TGFβ1 knockdown experiment. However, down-regulation of TGFβ1 was not regulated through miR29b induction. Neovascularization along with α-SMA and ECM deposition were significantly diminished. According to these findings, CS and TCS can be considered as potential anti-fibrotic and anti-angiogenic therapeutics. Furthermore, TCS, thiolated derivative of CS, will increase mucoadhesion of the polymer at the corneal surface which makes the polymer efficient and non-toxic therapeutic approach for corneal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forouhe Zahir-Jouzdani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14174, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Faezeh Vakhshiteh
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Rasoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14174, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14174, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang MZ, Wang X, Yang H, Fogo AB, Murphy BJ, Kaltenbach R, Cheng P, Zinker B, Harris RC. Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Antagonism Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy in a Type 2 Diabetic Model. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:3300-3311. [PMID: 28739650 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) functions through activation of LPA receptors (LPARs). LPA-LPAR signaling has been implicated in development of fibrosis. However, the role of LPA-LPAR signaling in development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) has not been studied. We examined whether BMS002, a novel dual LPAR1 and LPAR3 antagonist, affects development of DN in endothelial nitric oxide synthase-knockout db/db mice. Treatment of these mice with BMS002 from 8 to 20 weeks of age led to a significant reduction in albuminuria, similar to that observed with renin-angiotensin system inhibition (losartan plus enalapril). LPAR inhibition also prevented the decline in GFR observed in vehicle-treated mice, such that GFR at week 20 differed significantly between vehicle and LPAR inhibitor groups (P<0.05). LPAR inhibition also reduced histologic glomerular injury; decreased the expression of profibrotic and fibrotic components, including fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin, connective tissue growth factor, collagen I, and TGF-β; and reduced renal macrophage infiltration and oxidative stress. Notably, LPAR inhibition slowed podocyte loss (podocytes per glomerulus ±SEM at 8 weeks: 667±40, n=4; at 20 weeks: 364±18 with vehicle, n=7, and 536±12 with LPAR inhibition, n=7; P<0.001 versus vehicle). Finally, LPAR inhibition minimized the production of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a marker of oxidative stress, in podocytes and increased the phosphorylation of AKT2, an indicator of AKT2 activity, in kidneys. Thus, the LPAR antagonist BMS002 protects against GFR decline and attenuates development of DN through multiple mechanisms. LPAR antagonism might provide complementary beneficial effects to renin-angiotensin system inhibition to slow progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, .,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, and
| | - Xin Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
| | - Haichun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, and.,Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Brian J Murphy
- Fibrosis Discovery Biology or Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, New Jersey; and
| | - Robert Kaltenbach
- Fibrosis Discovery Biology or Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, New Jersey; and
| | - Peter Cheng
- Fibrosis Discovery Biology or Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, New Jersey; and
| | - Bradley Zinker
- Fibrosis Discovery Biology or Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, New Jersey; and
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, .,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, and.,United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
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Davies MR, Lee L, Feeley BT, Kim HT, Liu X. Lysophosphatidic acid-induced RhoA signaling and prolonged macrophage infiltration worsens fibrosis and fatty infiltration following rotator cuff tears. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1539-1547. [PMID: 27505847 PMCID: PMC5502767 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that macrophage-mediated chronic inflammation is involved in the development of rotator cuff muscle atrophy and degeneration following massive tendon tears. Increased RhoA signaling has been reported in chronic muscle degeneration, such as muscular dystrophy. However, the role of RhoA signaling in macrophage infiltration and rotator muscle degeneration remains unknown. Using a previously established rat model of massive rotator cuff tears, we found RhoA signaling is upregulated in rotator cuff muscle following a massive tendon-nerve injury. This increase in RhoA expression is greatly potentiated by the administration of a potent RhoA activator, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and is accompanied by increased TNFα and TGF-β1 expression in rotator cuff muscle. Boosting RhoA signaling with LPA significantly worsened rotator cuff muscle atrophy, fibrosis, and fatty infiltration, accompanied with massive monocytic infiltration of rotator cuff muscles. Co-staining of RhoA and the tissue macrophage marker CD68 showed that CD68+ tissue macrophages are the dominant cell source of increased RhoA signaling in rotator cuff muscles after tendon tears. Taken together, our findings suggest that LPA-mediated RhoA signaling in injured muscle worsens the outcomes of atrophy, fibrosis, and fatty infiltration by increasing macrophage infiltraion in rotator cuff muscle. Clinically, inhibiting RhoA signaling may represent a future direction for developing new treatments to improve muscle quality following massive rotator cuff tears. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1539-1547, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Davies
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, 1700 Owens Street, Room 364 San Francisco, California 94153
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Lawrence Lee
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, 1700 Owens Street, Room 364 San Francisco, California 94153
| | - Brian T. Feeley
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, 1700 Owens Street, Room 364 San Francisco, California 94153
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Hubert T. Kim
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, 1700 Owens Street, Room 364 San Francisco, California 94153
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Xuhui Liu
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, 1700 Owens Street, Room 364 San Francisco, California 94153
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
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