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Tang X, Han JY, Pan C, Li CY, Zhao Y, Yi Y, Zhang YS, Zheng BX, Yue XN, Liang AH. Angelicin: A leading culprit involved in fructus Psoraleae liver injury via inhibition of VKORC1. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:117917. [PMID: 38442807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The adverse effects of Fructus Psoraleae (FP), especially liver injury, have attracted wide attention in recent years. AIM OF THE STUDY To establish a system to explore potential hepatotoxic targets and the chief culprit of liver injury based on clinical experience, network pharmacological method, molecular docking, and in vitro and in vivo experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical applications and adverse reactions to FP were obtained from public literatures. Components absorbed in the blood were selected as candidates to search for potential active targets (PATs) of FP. Subsequently, potential pharmacological core targets (PPCTs) were screened through the "drug targets-disease targets" network. Non-drug active targets (NPATs) were obtained by subtracting the PPCTs from the PATs. The potential hepatotoxic targets (PHTs) of FP were the intersection targets obtained from Venn analysis using NPATs, hepatotoxic targets, and adverse drug reaction (ADR) targets provided by the databases. Then, potential hepatotoxic components and targets were obtained using the "NPATS-component" network relationship. Molecular docking and in vitro and in vivo hepatotoxicity experiments were performed to verify the targets and related components. RESULTS Overall, 234 NPATs were acquired from our analysis, and 6 targets were identified as PHTs. Results from molecular docking and in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that angelicin is the leading cause of liver injury in FP, and VKORC1 plays an important role. CONCLUSION The results indicate that six targets, especially VKORC1, are associated with the PHTs of FP, and angelicin is the leading culprit involved in FP liver injury via inhibition of VKORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Tang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Jia-Yin Han
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutics of Chinese Materia Medica and New Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Chen Pan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Chun-Ying Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Yan Yi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Yu-Shi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Bao-Xin Zheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Xing-Nan Yue
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Ai-Hua Liang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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2
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He G, Yu W, Li H, Liu J, Tu Y, Kong D, Long Z, Liu R, Peng J, Wang Z, Liu P, Hai C, Yan W, Li W. Alpha-1 antitrypsin protects against phosgene-induced acute lung injury by activating the ID1-dependent anti-inflammatory response. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:176017. [PMID: 37673367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosgene is widely used as an industrial chemical, and phosgene inhalation causes acute lung injury (ALI), which may further progress into pulmonary edema. Currently, an antidote for phosgene poisoning is not known. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (α1-AT) is a protease inhibitor used to treat patients with emphysema who are deficient in α1-AT. Recent studies have revealed that α1-AT has both anti-inflammatory and anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of α1-AT in phosgene-induced ALI. We observed a time-dependent increase in α1-AT expression and secretion in the lungs of rats exposed to phosgene. Notably, α1-AT was derived from neutrophils but not from macrophages or alveolar type II cells. Moreover, α1-AT knockdown aggravated phosgene- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and cell death in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Conversely, α1-AT administration suppressed the inflammatory response and prevented death in LPS- and phosgene-exposed BEAS-2B cells. Furthermore, α1-AT treatment increased the inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1) gene expression, which suppressed NF-κB pathway activation, reduced inflammation, and inhibited cell death. These data demonstrate that neutrophil-derived α1-AT acts as a self-protective mechanism, which protects against phosgene-induced ALI by activating the ID1-dependent anti-inflammatory response. This study may provide novel strategies for the treatment of patients with phosgene-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaihua He
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Weihua Yu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiangzheng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yongmei Tu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Deqin Kong
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zi Long
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Penghui Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Wenjun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Rd, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Wenli Li
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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3
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Xu Y, Ma Q, Ren J, Chen L, Guo W, Feng K, Zeng Z, Huang T, Cai Y. Using Machine Learning Methods in Identifying Genes Associated with COVID-19 in Cardiomyocytes and Cardiac Vascular Endothelial Cells. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041011. [PMID: 37109540 PMCID: PMC10146712 DOI: 10.3390/life13041011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) not only causes respiratory system damage, but also imposes strain on the cardiovascular system. Vascular endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes play an important role in cardiac function. The aberrant expression of genes in vascular endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes can lead to cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we sought to explain the influence of respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on the gene expression levels of vascular endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. We designed an advanced machine learning-based workflow to analyze the gene expression profile data of vascular endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes from patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls. An incremental feature selection method with a decision tree was used in building efficient classifiers and summarizing quantitative classification genes and rules. Some key genes, such as MALAT1, MT-CO1, and CD36, were extracted, which exert important effects on cardiac function, from the gene expression matrix of 104,182 cardiomyocytes, including 12,007 cells from patients with COVID-19 and 92,175 cells from healthy controls, and 22,438 vascular endothelial cells, including 10,812 cells from patients with COVID-19 and 11,626 cells from healthy controls. The findings reported in this study may provide insights into the effect of COVID-19 on cardiac cells and further explain the pathogenesis of COVID-19, and they may facilitate the identification of potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochen Xu
- Department of Mathematics, School of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qinglan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jingxin Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Kaiyan Feng
- Department of Computer Science, Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College, Guangzhou 510507, China
| | - Zhenbing Zeng
- Department of Mathematics, School of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yudong Cai
- Department of Mathematics, School of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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4
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Noh M, Zhang H, Kim H, Park S, Kim YM, Kwon YG. Primaquine Diphosphate, a Known Antimalarial Drug, Blocks Vascular Leakage Acting Through Junction Stabilization. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:695009. [PMID: 34149436 PMCID: PMC8211987 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.695009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial barrier integrity is important for vascular homeostasis, and hyperpermeability participates in the progression of many pathological states, such as diabetic retinopathy, ischemic stroke, chronic bowel disease, and inflammatory disease. Here, using drug repositioning, we discovered that primaquine diphosphate (PD), previously known as an antimalarial drug, was a potential blocker of vascular leakage. PD inhibited the linear pattern of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF)-induced disruption at the cell boundaries, blocked the formation of VEGF-induced actin stress fibers, and stabilized the cortactin actin rings in endothelial cells. PD significantly reduced leakage in the Miles assay and mouse model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic retinopathy. Targeted prediction programs and deubiquitinating enzyme activity assays identified a potential mechanism of action for PD and demonstrated that this operates via ubiquitin specific protease 1 (USP1). USP1 inhibition demonstrated a conserved barrier function by inhibiting VEGF-induced leakage in endothelial permeability assays. Taken together, these findings suggest that PD could be used as a novel drug for vascular leakage by maintaining endothelial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Noh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haiying Zhang
- R&D Department, Curacle Co. Ltd., Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Hyejeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Songyi Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Vascular System Research Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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5
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Gadomski S, Singh SK, Singh S, Sarkar T, Klarmann KD, Berenschot M, Seaman S, Jakubison B, Gudmundsson KO, Lockett S, Keller JR. Id1 and Id3 Maintain Steady-State Hematopoiesis by Promoting Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell Survival and Regeneration. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107572. [PMID: 32348770 PMCID: PMC8459380 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating mechanisms that regulate endothelial cell (EC) growth and survival is important for understanding EC homeostasis and how ECs maintain stem cell niches. We report here that targeted loss of Id genes in adult ECs results in dilated, leaky sinusoids and a pro-inflammatory state that increases in severity over time. Disruption in sinusoidal integrity leads to increased hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferation, differentiation, migration, and exhaustion. Mechanistically, sinusoidal ECs (SECs) show increased apoptosis because of reduced Bcl2-family gene expression following Id gene ablation. Furthermore, Id1-/-Id3-/- SECs and upstream type H vessels show increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27 and impaired ability to proliferate, which is rescued by reducing E2-2 expression. Id1-/-Id3-/- mice do not survive sublethal irradiation because of impaired vessel regeneration and hematopoietic failure. Thus, Id genes are required for the survival and regeneration of BM SECs during homeostasis and stress to maintain HSC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Gadomski
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Satyendra K Singh
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Shweta Singh
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Tanmoy Sarkar
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kimberly D Klarmann
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Maximillian Berenschot
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Steven Seaman
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Brad Jakubison
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kristbjorn O Gudmundsson
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Stephen Lockett
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jonathan R Keller
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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6
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Sharma S, Plotkin M. Id1 expression in kidney endothelial cells protects against diabetes-induced microvascular injury. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1447-1462. [PMID: 31957231 PMCID: PMC7396439 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitor of differentiation (Id) transcription regulators, which are induced in response to oxidative stress, promote cell proliferation and inhibit senescence. Inhibitor of differentiation 1 (Id1) expression is limited to endothelial cells (EC) in the normal mouse kidney and is required for a normal response to injury. Endothelial dysfunction leads to the development of diabetic nephropathy, and so, we hypothesized that endothelial Id1 may help protect against hyperglycemia-induced microvascular injury and nephropathy. Here, we tested this hypothesis by using streptozotocin to induce diabetes in Id1 knockout (KO) mice and WT B6;129 littermates and examining the mice at 3 months. Expression of Id1 was observed to be increased 15-fold in WT kidney EC, and Id1 KO mice exhibited increased mesangial and myofibroblast proliferation, matrix deposition, and albuminuria compared with WT mice. Electron microscopy demonstrated peritubular capillary EC injury and lumen narrowing, and fluorescence microangiography showed a 45% reduction in capillary perfusion area with no reduction in CD31-stained areas in Id1 KO mice. Microarray analysis of EC isolated from WT and KO control and diabetic mice demonstrated activation of senescence pathways in KO cells. Kidneys from KO diabetic mice showed increased histological expression of senescence markers. In addition, premature senescence in cultured KO EC was also seen in response to oxidative stress. In conclusion, endothelial Id1 upregulation with hyperglycemia protects against microvascular injury and senescence and subsequent nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Plotkin
- Department of Nephrology, John L. McClellan VA Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Feng Y, Wang N, Xu J, Zou J, Liang X, Liu H, Chen Y. Alpha-1-antitrypsin functions as a protective factor in preeclampsia through activating Smad2 and inhibitor of DNA binding 4. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113002-113012. [PMID: 29348884 PMCID: PMC5762569 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is one of the most common reason for high morbidity and mortality of maternal and prenatal infants. Production from oxidative stress results in maternal ROS system and anti-oxidation defense system imbalance to promote tissue ischemia and hypoxia, and ultimately impairs the maternal organs and placenta. Our previous study showed that exogenous Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and overexpression of AAT in umbilical vein cell (HUVEC) hypoxia-reoxygenation model could increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and played a protective role in preeclampsia animal model. In this study, we aim to investigate the underlying mechanism by which AAT prevents PE progress. Whole-exome sequencing was performed to screen the genes altered by AAT. We found that AAT knockdown altered the expression of Smad family and Id family genes, and further demonstrated that AAT positively regulated Id4 expression through activating Smad2. Reduced Id4 expression and Smad2 phosphorylation were observed in preeclampsia animal model, which was also confirmed in human placenta tissues. In addition, AAT protected HUVEC cells from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury and relieved preeclampsia symptoms through Smad2/Id4 axis. Our data illustrate AAT/Smad2/Id4 axis is an important mediator of placenta and vascular function during pregnancy. These findings provide insights into events governing pregnancy-associated disorders, such as preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, PR China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Jianjuan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, PR China
| | - Jinfang Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, PR China
| | - Xi Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, PR China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- Central Lab, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, PR China
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Canali S, Vecchi C, Garuti C, Montosi G, Babitt JL, Pietrangelo A. The SMAD Pathway Is Required for Hepcidin Response During Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3935-3945. [PMID: 27483343 PMCID: PMC5045507 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepcidin, the iron hormone, is regulated by a number of stimulatory and inhibitory signals. The cAMP responsive element binding protein 3-like 3 (CREB3L3) mediates hepcidin response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In this study we asked whether hepcidin response to ER stress also requires the small mother against decapentaplegic (SMAD)-1/5/8 pathway, which has a major role in hepcidin regulation in response to iron and other stimuli. We analyzed hepcidin mRNA expression and promoter activity in response to ER stressors in HepG2 cells in the presence of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor inhibitor LDN-193189, mutated hepcidin promoter or small interfering RNA against different SMAD proteins. We then used a similar approach in vivo in wild-type, Smad1/5, or Creb3l3-/- animals undergoing ER stress. In vitro, LDN-193189 prevented hepcidin mRNA induction by different ER stressors. Seemingly, mutation of a BMP-responsive element in the hepcidin promoter prevented ER stress-mediated up-regulation. Moreover, in vitro silencing of SMAD proteins by small interfering RNA, in particular SMAD5, blunted hepcidin response to ER stress. On the contrary, hepcidin induction by ER stress was maintained when using antibodies against canonical BMP receptor ligands. In vivo, hepcidin was induced by ER stress and prevented by LDN-193189. In addition, in Smad1/5 knockout mice, ER stress was unable to induce hepcidin expression. Finally, in Creb3l3 knockout mice, in response to ER stress, SMAD1/5 were correctly phosphorylated and hepcidin induction was still appreciable, although to a lesser extent as compared with the control mice. In conclusion, our study indicates that hepcidin induction by ER stress involves the central regulatory SMAD1/5 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Canali
- Center for Hemochromatosis (S.C., C.V., C.G., G.M., A.P.), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41100 Modena, Italy; and Program in Anemia Signaling Research (S.C., J.L.B.), Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Chiara Vecchi
- Center for Hemochromatosis (S.C., C.V., C.G., G.M., A.P.), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41100 Modena, Italy; and Program in Anemia Signaling Research (S.C., J.L.B.), Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Cinzia Garuti
- Center for Hemochromatosis (S.C., C.V., C.G., G.M., A.P.), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41100 Modena, Italy; and Program in Anemia Signaling Research (S.C., J.L.B.), Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Giuliana Montosi
- Center for Hemochromatosis (S.C., C.V., C.G., G.M., A.P.), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41100 Modena, Italy; and Program in Anemia Signaling Research (S.C., J.L.B.), Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Jodie L Babitt
- Center for Hemochromatosis (S.C., C.V., C.G., G.M., A.P.), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41100 Modena, Italy; and Program in Anemia Signaling Research (S.C., J.L.B.), Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Antonello Pietrangelo
- Center for Hemochromatosis (S.C., C.V., C.G., G.M., A.P.), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41100 Modena, Italy; and Program in Anemia Signaling Research (S.C., J.L.B.), Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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