1
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Griffin EN, Jucius T, Sim SE, Harris BS, Heinz S, Ackerman SL. RREB1 regulates neuronal proteostasis and the microtubule network. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadh3929. [PMID: 38198538 PMCID: PMC10780896 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factors play vital roles in neuron development; however, little is known about the role of these proteins in maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Here, we show that the transcription factor RREB1 (Ras-responsive element-binding protein 1) is essential for neuron survival in the mammalian brain. A spontaneous mouse mutation causing loss of a nervous system-enriched Rreb1 transcript is associated with progressive loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells and ataxia. Analysis of chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing, along with RNA sequencing data revealed dysregulation of RREB1 targets associated with the microtubule cytoskeleton. In agreement with the known role of microtubules in dendritic development, dendritic complexity was disrupted in Rreb1-deficient neurons. Analysis of sequencing data also suggested that RREB1 plays a role in the endomembrane system. Mutant Purkinje cells had fewer numbers of autophagosomes and lysosomes and contained P62- and ubiquitin-positive inclusions. Together, these studies demonstrate that RREB1 functions to maintain the microtubule network and proteostasis in mammalian neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N. Griffin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thomas Jucius
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Su-Eon Sim
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Sven Heinz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Susan L. Ackerman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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2
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Mitsui S, Yamaguchi J, Suzuki C, Uchiyama Y, Tanida I. TUNEL-positive structures in activated microglia and SQSTM1/p62-positive structures in activated astrocytes in the neurodegenerative brain of a CLN10 mouse model. Glia 2023; 71:2753-2769. [PMID: 37571859 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is a group of pediatric neurodegenerative diseases. One of their causative genes, CLN10/CtsD, encodes cathepsin D, a major lysosomal protease. Central nervous system (CNS)-specific CtsD-deficient mice exhibit a neurodegenerative disease phenotype with accumulation of ceroid lipofuscins, granular osmiophilic deposits, and SQSTM1/p62. We focused on activated astrocytes and microglia in this neurodegenerative mouse brain, since there are few studies on the relationship between these accumulators and lysosomes in these glial cells. Activated microglia and astrocytes in this mouse thalamus at p24 were increased by approximately 2.5- and 4.6-fold compared with the control, while neurons were decreased by approximately half. Granular osmiophilic deposits were detected in microglial cell bodies and extended their processes in the thalamus. LAMP1-positive lysosomes, but not SQSTM1/p62 aggregates, accumulated in microglia of this mouse thalamus, whereas both lysosomes and SQSTM1/p62 aggregates accumulated in its astrocytes. TUNEL-positive signals were observed mainly in microglia, but few were observed in neurons and astrocytes. These signals were fragmented DNA from degenerated neurons engulfed by microglia or in the lysosomes of microglia. Abnormal autophagic vacuoles also accumulated in the lysosomes of microglia. Granular osmiophilic deposit-like structures localized to LAMP1-positive lysosomes in CtsD-deficient astrocytes. SQSTM1/p62-positive but LAMP1-negative membranous structures also accumulated in the astrocytes and were less condensed than typical granular osmiophilic deposits. These results suggest that CtsD deficiency leads to intracellular abnormalities in activated microglia and astrocytes in addition to neuronal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Mitsui
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Yamaguchi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chigure Suzuki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isei Tanida
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Bernardi S, Gemignani F, Marchese M. The involvement of Purkinje cells in progressive myoclonic epilepsy: Focus on neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106258. [PMID: 37573956 PMCID: PMC10480493 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive myoclonic epilepsies (PMEs) are a group of rare neurodegenerative diseases characterized by myoclonus, epileptic seizures, and progressive neurological deterioration with cerebellar involvement. They include storage diseases like Gaucher disease, Lafora disease, and forms of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). To date, 13 NCLs have been reported (CLN1-CLN8, CLN10-CLN14), associated with mutations in different genes. These forms, which affect both children and adults, are characterized by seizures, cognitive and motor impairments, and in most cases visual loss. In NCLs, as in other PMEs, central nervous system (CNS) neurodegeneration is widespread and involves different subpopulations of neurons. One of the most affected regions is the cerebellar cortex, where motor and non-motor information is processed and transmitted to deep cerebellar nuclei through the axons of Purkinje cells (PCs). PCs, being GABAergic, have an inhibitory effect on their target neurons, and provide the only inhibitory output of the cerebellum. Degeneration of PCs has been linked to motor impairments and epileptic seizures. Seizures occur when some insult upsets the normal balance in the CNS between excitatory and inhibitory impulses, causing hyperexcitability. Here we review the role of PCs in epilepsy onset and progression following their PME-related loss. In particular, we focus on the involvement of PCs in seizure phenotype in NCLs, highlighting findings from case reports and studies of animal models in which epilepsy can be linked to PC loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bernardi
- Department Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Maria Marchese
- Department Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy.
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4
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Suzuki C, Yamaguchi J, Sanada T, Oliva Trejo JA, Kakuta S, Shibata M, Tanida I, Uchiyama Y. Lack of Cathepsin D in the central nervous system results in microglia and astrocyte activation and the accumulation of proteinopathy-related proteins. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11662. [PMID: 35804072 PMCID: PMC9270453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15805-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is one of many neurodegenerative storage diseases characterized by excessive accumulation of lipofuscins. CLN10 disease, an early infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, is associated with a gene that encodes cathepsin D (CtsD), one of the major lysosomal proteases. Whole body CtsD-knockout mice show neurodegenerative phenotypes with the accumulation of lipofuscins in the brain and also show defects in other tissues including intestinal necrosis. To clarify the precise role of CtsD in the central nervous system (CNS), we generated a CNS-specific CtsD-knockout mouse (CtsD-CKO). CtsD-CKO mice were born normally but developed seizures and their growth stunted at around postnatal day 23 ± 1. CtsD-CKO did not exhibit apparent intestinal symptoms as those observed in whole body knockout. Histologically, autofluorescent materials were detected in several areas of the CtsD-CKO mouse's brain, including: thalamus, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Expression of ubiquitin and autophagy-associated proteins was also increased, suggesting that the autophagy-lysosome system was impaired. Microglia and astrocytes were activated in the CtsD-CKO thalamus, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), an inflammation marker, was increased in the microglia. Interestingly, deposits of proteinopathy-related proteins, phosphorylated α-synuclein, and Tau protein were also increased in the thalamus of CtsD-CKO infant mice. Considering these results, we propose thatt the CtsD-CKO mouse is a useful mouse model to investigate the contribution of cathepsin D to the early phases of neurodegenerative diseases in relation to lipofuscins, proteinopathy-related proteins and activation of microglia and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chigure Suzuki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Junji Yamaguchi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Biomedical Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takahito Sanada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Juan Alejandro Oliva Trejo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Souichirou Kakuta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Biomedical Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shibata
- Division of Morphological Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Isei Tanida
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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5
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Kitamura E, Koike M, Hirayama T, Sunabori T, Kameda H, Hioki H, Takeda S, Itakura A. Susceptibility of subregions of prefrontal cortex and corpus callosum to damage by high-dose oxytocin-induced labor in male neonatal mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256693. [PMID: 34437622 PMCID: PMC8389436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction and augmentation of labor is one of the most common obstetrical interventions. However, this intervention is not free of risks and could cause adverse events, such as hyperactive uterine contraction, uterine rupture, and amniotic-fluid embolism. Our previous study using a new animal model showed that labor induced with high-dose oxytocin (OXT) in pregnant mice resulted in massive cell death in selective brain regions, specifically in male offspring. The affected brain regions included the prefrontal cortex (PFC), but a detailed study in the PFC subregions has not been performed. In this study, we induced labor in mice using high-dose OXT and investigated neonatal brain damage in detail in the PFC using light and electron microscopy. We found that TUNEL-positive or pyknotic nuclei and Iba-1-positive microglial cells were detected more abundantly in infralimbic (IL) and prelimbic (PL) cortex of the ventromedial PFC (vmPFC) in male pups delivered by OXT-induced labor than in the control male pups. These Iba-1-positive microglial cells were engulfing dying cells. Additionally, we also noticed that in the forceps minor (FMI) of the corpus callosum (CC), the number of TUNEL-positive or pyknotic nuclei and Iba-1-positive microglial cells were largely increased and Iba-1-positive microglial cells phagocytosed massive dying cells in male pups delivered by high-dose OXT-induced labor. In conclusion, IL and PL of the vmPFC and FMI of the CC, were susceptible to brain damage in male neonates after high-dose OXT-induced labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Kitamura
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Sunabori
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kameda
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hioki
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuo Itakura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Iwama H, Mehanna S, Imasaka M, Hashidume S, Nishiura H, Yamamura KI, Suzuki C, Uchiyama Y, Hatano E, Ohmuraya M. Cathepsin B and D deficiency in the mouse pancreas induces impaired autophagy and chronic pancreatitis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6596. [PMID: 33758261 PMCID: PMC7988038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The major lysosomal proteases, Cathepsin B (CTSB), Cathepsin D (CTSD) and Cathepsin L (CTSL), are implicated in autophagic activity. To investigate the role of each cathepsin in the exocrine pancreas, we generated mice in which the pancreas was specifically deficient in Ctsb, Ctsd and Ctsl. Each of these gene knockout (KO) and Ctsb;Ctsl and Ctsd;Ctsl double-knockout (DKO) mice were almost normal. However, we found cytoplasmic degeneration in the pancreatic acinar cells of Ctsb;Ctsd DKO mice, similar to autophagy related 5 (Atg5) KO mice. LC3 and p62 (autophagy markers) showed remarkable accumulation and the numbers of autophagosomes and autolysosomes were increased in the pancreatic acinar cells of Ctsb;Ctsd DKO mice. Moreover, these Ctsb;Ctsd DKO mice also developed chronic pancreatitis (CP). Thus, we conclude that both Ctsb and Ctsd deficiency caused impaired autophagy in the pancreatic acinar cells, and induced CP in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Iwama
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Sally Mehanna
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mai Imasaka
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Hashidume
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishiura
- Division of Functional Pathology, Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamamura
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Chigure Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohmuraya
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
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7
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Choong CJ, Okuno T, Ikenaka K, Baba K, Hayakawa H, Koike M, Yokota M, Doi J, Kakuda K, Takeuchi T, Kuma A, Nakamura S, Nagai Y, Nagano S, Yoshimori T, Mochizuki H. Alternative mitochondrial quality control mediated by extracellular release. Autophagy 2020; 17:2962-2974. [PMID: 33218272 PMCID: PMC8525996 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1848130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial quality control, which is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis, has been considered to be achieved exclusively through mitophagy. Here we report an alternative mitochondrial quality control pathway mediated by extracellular mitochondria release. By performing time-lapse confocal imaging on a stable cell line with fluorescent-labeled mitochondria, we observed release of mitochondria from cells into the extracellular space. Correlative light-electron microscopy revealed that majority of the extracellular mitochondria are in free form and, on rare occasions, some are enclosed in membrane-surrounded vesicles. Rotenone- and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone-induced mitochondrial quality impairment promotes the extracellular release of depolarized mitochondria. Overexpression of PRKN (parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase), which has a pivotal role in mitophagy regulation, suppresses the extracellular mitochondria release under basal and stress condition, whereas its knockdown exacerbates it. Correspondingly, overexpression of PRKN-independent mitophagy regulators, BNIP3 (BCL2 interacting protein 3) and BNIP3L/NIX (BCL2 interacting protein 3 like), suppress extracellular mitochondria release. Autophagy-deficient cell lines show elevated extracellular mitochondria release. These results imply that perturbation of mitophagy pathway prompts mitochondria expulsion. Presence of mitochondrial protein can also be detected in mouse sera. Sera of PRKN-deficient mice contain higher level of mitochondrial protein compared to that of wild-type mice. More importantly, fibroblasts and cerebrospinal fluid samples from Parkinson disease patients carrying loss-of-function PRKN mutations show increased extracellular mitochondria compared to control subjects, providing evidence in a clinical context. Taken together, our findings suggest that extracellular mitochondria release is a comparable yet distinct quality control pathway from conventional mitophagy. Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; ANXA5: annexin A5; ATP5F1A/ATP5A: ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha; ATG: autophagy related; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; BNIP3L/NIX: BCL2 interacting protein 3 like; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone; CM: conditioned media; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; EM: electron microscopy; HSPD1/Hsp60: heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1; KD: knockdown; KO: knockout; MAP1LC3A/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha; MT-CO1: mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I; NDUFB8: NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B8; OE: overexpression; OPA1: OPA1 mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PB: phosphate buffer; PD: Parkinson disease; PINK1: PTEN induced kinase 1; PRKN: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; SDHB: succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; TOMM40: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40; UQCRC2: ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 2; WT: wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jing Choong
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tatsusada Okuno
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kensuke Ikenaka
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kousuke Baba
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayakawa
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Yokota
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Doi
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Keita Kakuda
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshihide Takeuchi
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Akiko Kuma
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakamura
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nagai
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Seiichi Nagano
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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8
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Oliva Trejo JA, Tanida I, Suzuki C, Kakuta S, Tada N, Uchiyama Y. Characterization of starvation-induced autophagy in cerebellar Purkinje cells of pHluorin-mKate2-human LC3B transgenic mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9643. [PMID: 32541814 PMCID: PMC7295967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We generated a new transgenic mouse model that expresses a pHluorin-mKate2 fluorescent protein fused with human LC3B (PK-LC3 mice) for monitoring autophagy activity in neurons of the central nervous system. Histological analysis revealed fluorescent puncta in neurons of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellar Purkinje cells, and anterior spinal regions. Using CLEM analysis, we confirmed that PK-LC3-positive puncta in the perikarya of Purkinje cells correspond to autophagic structures. To validate the usability of PK-LC3 mice, we quantified PK-LC3 puncta in Purkinje cells of mice kept in normal feeding conditions and of mice starved for 24 hours. Our results showed a significant increase in autophagosome number and in individual puncta areal size following starvation. To confirm these results, we used morphometry at the electron microscopic level to analyze the volume densities of autophagosomes and lysosomes/autolysosomes in Purkinje cells of PK-LC3 mice. The results revealed that the volume densities of autophagic structures increase significantly after starvation. Together, our data show that PK-LC3 mice are suitable for monitoring autophagy flux in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, and potentially other areas in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Alejandro Oliva Trejo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isei Tanida
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Chigure Suzuki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kakuta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tada
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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9
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Stone S, Wu S, Nave KA, Lin W. The UPR preserves mature oligodendrocyte viability and function in adults by regulating autophagy of PLP. JCI Insight 2020; 5:132364. [PMID: 32053121 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining cellular proteostasis is essential for oligodendrocyte viability and function; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. Unfolded protein response (UPR), which comprises 3 parallel branches, inositol requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), pancreatic ER kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α), is a major mechanism that maintains cellular proteostasis by facilitating protein folding, attenuating protein translation, and enhancing autophagy and ER-associated degradation. Here we report that impaired UPR in oligodendrocytes via deletion of PERK and ATF6α did not affect developmental myelination but caused late-onset mature oligodendrocyte dysfunction and death in young adult mice. The detrimental effects of the impaired UPR on mature oligodendrocytes were accompanied by autophagy impairment and intracellular proteolipid protein (PLP) accumulation and were rescued by PLP deletion. Data indicate that PLP was degraded by autophagy and that intracellular PLP accumulation was cytotoxic to oligodendrocytes. Thus, these findings imply that the UPR is required for maintaining cellular proteostasis and the viability and function of mature oligodendrocytes in adults by regulating autophagy of PLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarrabeth Stone
- Department of Neuroscience and.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shuangchan Wu
- Department of Neuroscience and.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience and.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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10
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Cerebellar Neurodegeneration and Neuronal Circuit Remodeling in Golgi pH Regulator-Deficient Mice. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0427-18.2019. [PMID: 31118204 PMCID: PMC6541875 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0427-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays an indispensable role in posttranslational modification and transport of proteins to their target destinations. Although it is well established that the Golgi apparatus requires an acidic luminal pH for optimal activity, morphological and functional abnormalities at the neuronal circuit level because of perturbations in Golgi pH are not fully understood. In addition, morphological alteration of the Golgi apparatus is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Here, we used anatomical and electrophysiological approaches to characterize morphological and functional abnormalities of neuronal circuits in Golgi pH regulator (GPHR) conditional knock-out mice. Purkinje cells (PCs) from the mutant mice exhibited vesiculation and fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus, followed by axonal degeneration and progressive cell loss. Morphological analysis provided evidence for the disruption of basket cell (BC) terminals around PC soma, and electrophysiological recordings showed selective loss of large amplitude responses, suggesting BC terminal disassembly. In addition, the innervation of mutant PCs was altered such that climbing fiber (CF) terminals abnormally synapsed on the somatic spines of mutant PCs in the mature cerebellum. The combined results describe an essential role for luminal acidification of the Golgi apparatus in maintaining proper neuronal morphology and neuronal circuitry.
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Suzuki C, Tanida I, Ohmuraya M, Oliva Trejo JA, Kakuta S, Sunabori T, Uchiyama Y. Lack of Cathepsin D in the Renal Proximal Tubular Cells Resulted in Increased Sensitivity against Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071711. [PMID: 30959855 PMCID: PMC6479628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin D is one of the major lysosomal aspartic proteases that is essential for the normal functioning of the autophagy-lysosomal system. In the kidney, cathepsin D is enriched in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells, and its levels increase during acute kidney injury. To investigate how cathepsin D-deficiency impacts renal proximal tubular cells, we employed a conditional knockout CtsDflox/−; Spink3Cre mouse. Immunohistochemical analyses using anti-cathepsin D antibody revealed that cathepsin D was significantly decreased in tubular epithelial cells of the cortico-medullary region, mainly in renal proximal tubular cells of this mouse. Cathepsin D-deficient renal proximal tubular cells showed an increase of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3; a marker for autophagosome/autolysosome)-signals and an accumulation of abnormal autophagic structures. Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury resulted in an increase of early kidney injury marker, Kidney injury molecule 1 (Kim-1), in the cathepsin D-deficient renal tubular epithelial cells of the CtsDflox/−; Spink3Cre mouse. Inflammation marker was also increased in the cortico-medullary region of the CtsDflox/−; Spink3Cre mouse. Our results indicated that lack of cathepsin D in the renal tubular epithelial cells led to an increase of sensitivity against ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chigure Suzuki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Isei Tanida
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Masaki Ohmuraya
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8131, Japan.
| | - Juan Alejandro Oliva Trejo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Soichiro Kakuta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Biomedical Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Sunabori
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Komine O, Yamashita H, Fujimori-Tonou N, Koike M, Jin S, Moriwaki Y, Endo F, Watanabe S, Uematsu S, Akira S, Uchiyama Y, Takahashi R, Misawa H, Yamanaka K. Innate immune adaptor TRIF deficiency accelerates disease progression of ALS mice with accumulation of aberrantly activated astrocytes. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:2130-2146. [PMID: 29568058 PMCID: PMC6261996 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that glial-immune interactions contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The adaptive immune response has been implicated in disease processes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but it remains unknown if innate immune signaling also contributes to ALS progression. Here we report that deficiency of the innate immune adaptor TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (TRIF), which is essential for certain Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling cascades, significantly shortens survival time and accelerates disease progression of ALS mice. While myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is also a crucial adaptor for most TLR signaling pathways, MyD88 deficiency had only a marginal impact on disease course. Moreover, TRIF deficiency reduced the number of natural killer (NK), NK-T-lymphocytes, and CD8-T cells infiltrating into the spinal cord of ALS mice, but experimental modulation of these populations did not substantially influence survival time. Instead, we found that aberrantly activated astrocytes expressing Mac2, p62, and apoptotic markers were accumulated in the lesions of TRIF-deficient ALS mice, and that the number of aberrantly activated astrocytes was negatively correlated with survival time. These findings suggest that TRIF pathway plays an important role in protecting a microenvironment surrounding motor neurons by eliminating aberrantly activated astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okiru Komine
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamashita
- Laboratory for Motor Neuron Disease, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriko Fujimori-Tonou
- Laboratory for Motor Neuron Disease, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shijie Jin
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Moriwaki
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumito Endo
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Seiji Watanabe
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uematsu
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, and Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidemi Misawa
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
- Laboratory for Motor Neuron Disease, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan.
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Tsuiji H, Inoue I, Takeuchi M, Furuya A, Yamakage Y, Watanabe S, Koike M, Hattori M, Yamanaka K. TDP-43 accelerates age-dependent degeneration of interneurons. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14972. [PMID: 29097807 PMCID: PMC5668320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14966-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 is an RNA-binding protein important for many aspects of RNA metabolism. Abnormal accumulation of TDP-43 in the cytoplasm of affected neurons is a pathological hallmark of the neurodegenerative diseases frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Several transgenic mouse models have been generated that recapitulate defects in TDP-43 accumulation, thus causing neurodegeneration and behavioural impairments. While aging is the key risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, the specific effect of aging on phenotypes in TDP-43 transgenic mice has not been investigated. Here, we analyse age-dependent changes in TDP-43 transgenic mice that displayed impaired memory. We found the accumulation of abundant poly-ubiquitinated protein aggregates in the hippocampus of aged TDP-43 transgenic mice. Intriguingly, the aggregates contained some interneuron-specific proteins such as parvalbumin and calretinin, suggesting that GABAergic interneurons were degenerated in these mice. The abundance of aggregates significantly increased with age and with the overexpression of TDP-43. Gene array analyses in the hippocampus and other brain areas revealed dysregulation in genes linked to oxidative stress and neuronal function in TDP-43 transgenic mice. Our results indicate that the interneuron degeneration occurs upon aging, and TDP-43 accelerates age-dependent neuronal degeneration, which may be related to the impaired memory of TDP-43 transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Tsuiji
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan. .,Laboratory for Motor Neuron Disease, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Ikuyo Inoue
- Laboratory for Motor Neuron Disease, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mari Takeuchi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Asako Furuya
- Laboratory for Motor Neuron Disease, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuko Yamakage
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Seiji Watanabe
- Laboratory for Motor Neuron Disease, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Koji Yamanaka
- Laboratory for Motor Neuron Disease, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan. .,Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.
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