1
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Canalis E, Schilling L, Yu J, Denker E. NOTCH2 promotes osteoclast maturation and metabolism and modulates the transcriptome profile during osteoclastogenesis. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105613. [PMID: 38159855 PMCID: PMC10837628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling plays a key regulatory role in bone remodeling and NOTCH2 enhances osteoclastogenesis, an effect that is mostly mediated by its target gene Hes1. In the present study, we explored mechanisms responsible for the enhanced osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) from Notch2tm1.1Ecan, harboring a NOTCH2 gain-of-function mutation, and control mice. Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice are osteopenic and have enhanced osteoclastogenesis. Bulk RNA-Seq and gene set enrichment analysis of Notch2tm1.1Ecan BMMs cultured in the presence of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand revealed enrichment of genes associated with enhanced cell metabolism, aerobic respiration, and mitochondrial function, all associated with osteoclastogenesis. These pathways were not enhanced in the context of a Hes1 inactivation. Analysis of single cell RNA-Seq data of pooled control and Notch2tm1.1Ecan BMMs treated with M-CSF or M-CSF and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand for 3 days identified 11 well-defined cellular clusters. Pseudotime trajectory analysis indicated a trajectory of clusters expressing genes associated with osteoclast progenitors, osteoclast precursors, and mature cells. There were an increased number of cells expressing gene markers associated with the osteoclast and with an unknown, albeit related, cluster in Notch2tm1.1Ecan than in control BMMs as well as enhanced expression of genes associated with osteoclast progenitors and precursors in Notch2tm1.1Ecan cells. In conclusion, BMM cultures display cellular heterogeneity, and NOTCH2 enhances osteoclastogenesis, increases mitochondrial and metabolic activity of osteoclasts, and affects cell cluster allocation in BMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Lauren Schilling
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Emily Denker
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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2
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Kidwai FK, Canalis E, Robey PG. Induced pluripotent stem cell technology in bone biology. Bone 2023; 172:116760. [PMID: 37028583 PMCID: PMC10228209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Technologies on the development and differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are rapidly improving, and have been applied to create cell types relevant to the bone field. Differentiation protocols to form bona fide bone-forming cells from iPSCs are available, and can be used to probe details of differentiation and function in depth. When applied to iPSCs bearing disease-causing mutations, the pathogenetic mechanisms of diseases of the skeleton can be elucidated, along with the development of novel therapeutics. These cells can also be used for development of cell therapies for cell and tissue replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad K Kidwai
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Center for Skeletal Research, Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030-4037, United States of America
| | - Pamela G Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America.
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3
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Cox EM, El-Behi M, Ries S, Vogt JF, Kohlhaas V, Michna T, Manfroi B, Al-Maarri M, Wanke F, Tirosh B, Pondarre C, Lezeau H, Yogev N, Mittenzwei R, Descatoire M, Weller S, Weill JC, Reynaud CA, Boudinot P, Jouneau L, Tenzer S, Distler U, Rensing-Ehl A, König C, Staniek J, Rizzi M, Magérus A, Rieux-Laucat F, Wunderlich FT, Hövelmeyer N, Fillatreau S. AKT activity orchestrates marginal zone B cell development in mice and humans. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112378. [PMID: 37060566 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The signals controlling marginal zone (MZ) and follicular (FO) B cell development remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that AKT orchestrates MZ B cell formation in mice and humans. Genetic models that increase AKT signaling in B cells or abolish its impact on FoxO transcription factors highlight the AKT-FoxO axis as an on-off switch for MZ B cell formation in mice. In humans, splenic immunoglobulin (Ig) D+CD27+ B cells, proposed as an MZ B cell equivalent, display higher AKT signaling than naive IgD+CD27- and memory IgD-CD27+ B cells and develop in an AKT-dependent manner from their precursors in vitro, underlining the conservation of this developmental pathway. Consistently, CD148 is identified as a receptor indicative of the level of AKT signaling in B cells, expressed at a higher level in MZ B cells than FO B cells in mice as well as humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Cox
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Mainz, University Hospital of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamed El-Behi
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, 156-160, rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stefanie Ries
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes F Vogt
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Mainz, University Hospital of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Vivien Kohlhaas
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP) Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Michna
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benoît Manfroi
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, 156-160, rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mona Al-Maarri
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP) Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Wanke
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Mainz, University Hospital of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Boaz Tirosh
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Institute for Drug Research, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Corinne Pondarre
- Service de Pédiatrie Générale, Centre de Référence de la Drépanocytose, Centre Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France; Inserm U955, Université Paris XII, Créteil, France
| | - Harry Lezeau
- Service de Pédiatrie Générale, Centre de Référence de la Drépanocytose, Centre Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France; Inserm U955, Université Paris XII, Créteil, France
| | - Nir Yogev
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Romy Mittenzwei
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Mainz, University Hospital of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marc Descatoire
- Laboratory of Immune Inherited Disorders, Department of Immunology and Allergology Lausanne Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Weller
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, 156-160, rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Weill
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, 156-160, rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Claude-Agnès Reynaud
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, 156-160, rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Research Centre for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology Mainz (HI-TRON Mainz), Mainz, Germany
| | - Ute Distler
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne Rensing-Ehl
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph König
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julian Staniek
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aude Magérus
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Frederic Rieux-Laucat
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - F Thomas Wunderlich
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP) Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nadine Hövelmeyer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Mainz, University Hospital of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Research Centre for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, 156-160, rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris Cité, Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
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4
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Yu J, Schilling L, Eller T, Canalis E. Hairy and enhancer of split 1 is a primary effector of NOTCH2 signaling and induces osteoclast differentiation and function. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101376. [PMID: 34742737 PMCID: PMC8633688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice, which harbor a mutation replicating that found in Hajdu–Cheney syndrome, exhibit marked osteopenia because of increased osteoclast number and bone resorption. Hairy and enhancer of split 1 (HES1) is a Notch target gene and a transcriptional modulator that determines osteoclast cell fate decisions. Transcript levels of Hes1 increase in Notch2tm1.1Ecan bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMMs) as they mature into osteoclasts, suggesting a role in osteoclastogenesis. To determine whether HES1 is responsible for the phenotype of Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice and the skeletal manifestations of Hajdu–Cheney syndrome, Hes1 was inactivated in Ctsk-expressing cells from Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice. Ctsk encodes the protease cathepsin K, which is expressed preferentially by osteoclasts. We found that the osteopenia of Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice was ameliorated, and the enhanced osteoclastogenesis was reversed in the context of the Hes1 inactivation. Microcomputed tomography revealed that the downregulation of Hes1 in Ctsk-expressing cells led to increased bone volume/total volume in female mice. In addition, cultures of BMMs from CtskCre/WT;Hes1Δ/Δ mice displayed a decrease in osteoclast number and size and decreased bone-resorbing capacity. Moreover, activation of HES1 in Ctsk-expressing cells led to osteopenia and enhanced osteoclast number, size, and bone resorptive capacity in BMM cultures. Osteoclast phenotypes and RNA-Seq of cells in which HES1 was activated revealed that HES1 modulates cell–cell fusion and bone-resorbing capacity by supporting sealing zone formation. In conclusion, we demonstrate that HES1 is mechanistically relevant to the skeletal manifestation of Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice and is a novel determinant of osteoclast differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lauren Schilling
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tabitha Eller
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
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5
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Palm AKE, Kleinau S. Marginal zone B cells: From housekeeping function to autoimmunity? J Autoimmun 2021; 119:102627. [PMID: 33640662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Marginal zone (MZ) B cells comprise a subset of innate-like B cells found predominantly in the spleen, but also in lymph nodes and blood. Their principal functions are participation in quick responses to blood-borne pathogens and secretion of natural antibodies. The latter is important for housekeeping functions such as clearance of apoptotic cell debris. MZ B cells have B cell receptors with low poly-/self-reactivity, but they are not pathogenic at steady state. However, if simultaneously stimulated with self-antigen and pathogen- and/or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs), MZ B cells may participate in the initial steps towards breakage of immunological tolerance. This review summarizes what is known about the role of MZ B cells in autoimmunity, both in mouse models and human disease. We cover factors important for shaping the MZ B cell compartment, how the functional properties of MZ B cells may contribute to breaking tolerance, and how MZ B cells are being regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Karin E Palm
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sandra Kleinau
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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6
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Canalis E, Grossman TR, Carrer M, Schilling L, Yu J. Antisense oligonucleotides targeting Notch2 ameliorate the osteopenic phenotype in a mouse model of Hajdu-Cheney syndrome. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3952-3964. [PMID: 31992595 PMCID: PMC7086019 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch receptors play critical roles in cell-fate decisions and in the regulation of skeletal development and bone remodeling. Gain-of-function NOTCH2 mutations can cause Hajdu-Cheney syndrome, an untreatable disease characterized by osteoporosis and fractures, craniofacial developmental abnormalities, and acro-osteolysis. We have previously created a mouse model harboring a point 6955C→T mutation in the Notch2 locus upstream of the PEST domain, and we termed this model Notch2tm1.1Ecan Heterozygous Notch2tm1.1Ecan mutant mice exhibit severe cancellous and cortical bone osteopenia due to increased bone resorption. In this work, we demonstrate that the subcutaneous administration of Notch2 antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) down-regulates Notch2 and the Notch target genes Hes-related family basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor with YRPW motif 1 (Hey1), Hey2, and HeyL in skeletal tissue from Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice. Results of microcomputed tomography experiments indicated that the administration of Notch2 ASOs ameliorates the cancellous osteopenia of Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice, and bone histomorphometry analysis revealed decreased osteoclast numbers in Notch2 ASO-treated Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice. Notch2 ASOs decreased the induction of mRNA levels of TNF superfamily member 11 (Tnfsf11, encoding the osteoclastogenic protein RANKL) in cultured osteoblasts and osteocytes from Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice. Bone marrow-derived macrophage cultures from the Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice displayed enhanced osteoclastogenesis, which was suppressed by Notch2 ASOs. In conclusion, Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice exhibit cancellous bone osteopenia that can be ameliorated by systemic administration of Notch2 ASOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | | | | | - Lauren Schilling
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
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7
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Yu J, Canalis E. The Hajdu Cheney mutation sensitizes mice to the osteolytic actions of tumor necrosis factor α. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14203-14214. [PMID: 31371452 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hajdu Cheney syndrome (HCS) is characterized by craniofacial developmental abnormalities, acro-osteolysis, and osteoporosis and is associated with gain-of-NOTCH2 function mutations. A mouse model of HCS termed Notch2tm1.1Ecan harboring a mutation in exon 34 of Notch2 replicating the one found in HCS was used to determine whether the HCS mutation sensitizes the skeleton to the osteolytic effects of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). TNFα injected over the calvarial vault caused a greater increase in osteoclast number, osteoclast surface, and eroded surface in Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice compared with littermate WT controls. Accordingly, the effect of TNFα on osteoclastogenesis was greatly enhanced in cultures of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) from Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice when compared with the activity of TNFα in control cultures. TNFα induced the expression of Notch2 and Notch2 mutant mRNA by ∼2-fold, possibly amplifying the NOTCH2-dependent induction of osteoclastogenesis. The effect of TNFα on osteoclastogenesis in Notch2tm1.1Ecan mutants depended on NOTCH2 activation because it was reversed by anti-NOTCH2 negative regulatory region and anti-jagged 1 antibodies. The inactivation of Hes1 prevented the TNFα effect on osteoclastogenesis in the context of the Notch2tm1.1Ecan mutation. In addition, the induction of Il1b, but not of Tnfa and Il6, mRNA by TNFα was greater in Notch2tm1.1Ecan BMMs than in control cells, possibly contributing to the actions of TNFα and NOTCH2 on osteoclastogenesis. In conclusion, the HCS mutation enhances TNFα-induced osteoclastogenesis and the inflammatory bone-resorptive response possibly explaining the acro-osteolysis observed in affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030.,UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030 .,UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030.,Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
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8
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Abstract
Notch (Notch1 through 4) are transmembrane receptors that play a fundamental role in cell differentiation and function. Notch receptors are activated following interactions with their ligands in neighboring cells. There are five classic ligands termed Jagged (Jag)1 and Jag2 and Delta-like (Dll)1, Dll3, and Dll4. Recent work has established Notch as a signaling pathway that plays a critical role in the differentiation and function of cells of the osteoblast and osteoclast lineages and in skeletal development and bone remodeling. The effects of Notch are cell-context dependent, and the four Notch receptors carry out specific functions in the skeleton. Gain- and loss-of-function mutations of components of the Notch signaling pathway result in a variety of congenital disorders with significant craniofacial and skeletal manifestations. The Notch ligand Jag1 is a determinant of bone mineral density, and Notch plays a role in the early phases of fracture healing. Alterations in Notch signaling are associated with osteosarcoma and with the metastatic potential of carcinoma of the breast and of the prostate. Controlling Notch signaling could prove useful in diseases of Notch gain-of-function and in selected skeletal disorders. However, clinical data on agents that modify Notch signaling are not available. In conclusion, Notch signaling is a novel pathway that regulates skeletal homeostasis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Canalis
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030-4037, USA.
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9
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Zanotti S, Yu J, Bridgewater D, Wolf JM, Canalis E. Mice harboring a Hajdu Cheney Syndrome mutation are sensitized to osteoarthritis. Bone 2018; 114:198-205. [PMID: 29940267 PMCID: PMC6083868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a joint disease characterized by cartilage degradation, altered gene expression and inflammation. NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 receptors and the JAGGED1 ligand regulate chondrocyte biology; however, the contribution of Notch signaling to osteoarthritis is controversial. Hajdu Cheney Syndrome (HCS) is a rare genetic disorder affecting the skeleton and associated with NOTCH2 mutations that lead to NOTCH2 gain-of-function. A murine model of the disease (Notch2tm1.1Ecan) was used to test whether the HCS mutation increases the susceptibility to osteoarthritis. The knee of three-month-old Notch2tm1.1Ecan male mice and control sex-matched littermates was destabilized by resection of the medial meniscotibial ligament, and changes in the joint analyzed two months thereafter. Expression of Notch target genes was increased in the femoral heads of Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice, documenting Notch signal activation. Periarticular bone and cartilage structures were unaffected in Notch2tm1.1Ecan mutants subjected to sham surgery, indicating that NOTCH2 gain-of-function had no discernible impact on joint structure under basal conditions. However, destabilization of the medial meniscus increased osteophyte volume and thickened subchondral bone in Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice compared to wild type littermates. Moreover, destabilized Notch2tm1.1Ecan mutants exhibited histological signs of moderate to severe cartilage degeneration, demonstrating joint sensitization to the development of osteoarthritis. Chondrocyte cultures from Notch2tm1.1Ecan mutants expressed increased Il6 mRNA levels following exposure to JAGGED1, possibly explaining the susceptibility of Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice to osteoarthritis. In conclusion, Notch2tm1.1Ecan mutants are sensitized to the development of osteoarthritis in destabilized joints and NOTCH2 activation may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zanotti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States of America; Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States of America; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States of America
| | - J Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States of America; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States of America
| | - D Bridgewater
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States of America
| | - J M Wolf
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States of America; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States of America
| | - E Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States of America; Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States of America; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States of America.
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10
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Yu J, Zanotti S, Schilling L, Schoenherr C, Economides AN, Sanjay A, Canalis E. Induction of the Hajdu-Cheney Syndrome Mutation in CD19 B Cells in Mice Alters B-Cell Allocation but Not Skeletal Homeostasis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1430-1446. [PMID: 29545197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mice harboring Notch2 mutations replicating Hajdu-Cheney syndrome (Notch2tm1.1ECan) have osteopenia and exhibit an increase in splenic marginal zone B cells with a decrease in follicular B cells. Whether the altered B-cell allocation is responsible for the osteopenia of Notch2tm1.1ECan mutants is unknown. To determine the effect of NOTCH2 activation in B cells on splenic B-cell allocation and skeletal phenotype, a conditional-by-inversion (COIN) Hajdu-Cheney syndrome allele of Notch2 (Notch2[ΔPEST]COIN) was used. Cre recombination generates a permanent Notch2ΔPEST allele expressing a transcript for which sequences coding for the proline, glutamic acid, serine, and threonine-rich (PEST) domain are replaced by a stop codon. CD19-Cre drivers were backcrossed into Notch2[ΔPEST]COIN/[ΔPEST]COIN to generate CD19-specific Notch2ΔPEST/ΔPEST mutants and control Notch2[ΔPEST]COIN/[ΔPEST]COIN littermates. There was an increase in marginal zone B cells and a decrease in follicular B cells in the spleen of CD19Cre/WT;Notch2ΔPEST/ΔPEST mice, recapitulating the splenic phenotype of Notch2tm1.1ECan mice. The effect was reproduced when the NOTCH1 intracellular domain was induced in CD19-expressing cells (CD19Cre/WT;RosaNotch1/WT mice). However, neither CD19Cre/WT;Notch2ΔPEST/ΔPEST nor CD19Cre/WT;RosaNotch1/WT mice had a skeletal phenotype. Moreover, splenectomies in Notch2tm1.1ECan mice did not reverse their osteopenic phenotype. In conclusion, Notch2 activation in CD19-expressing cells determines B-cell allocation in the spleen but has no skeletal consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Stefano Zanotti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Lauren Schilling
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Chris Schoenherr
- Genome Engineering Technologies, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York
| | - Aris N Economides
- Genome Engineering Technologies, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York
| | - Archana Sanjay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.
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