1
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Fang F, Chen D, Basharat AR, Poulos W, Wang Q, Cibelli JB, Liu X, Sun L. Quantitative proteomics reveals the dynamic proteome landscape of zebrafish embryos during the maternal-to-zygotic transition. iScience 2024; 27:109944. [PMID: 38784018 PMCID: PMC11111832 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) is central to early embryogenesis. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms are still not well described. Here, we revealed the expression dynamics of 5,000 proteins across four stages of zebrafish embryos during MZT, representing one of the most systematic surveys of proteome landscape of the zebrafish embryos during MZT. Nearly 700 proteins were differentially expressed and were divided into six clusters according to their expression patterns. The proteome expression profiles accurately reflect the main events that happen during the MZT, i.e., zygotic genome activation (ZGA), clearance of maternal mRNAs, and initiation of cellular differentiation and organogenesis. MZT is modulated by many proteins at multiple levels in a collaborative fashion, i.e., transcription factors, histones, histone-modifying enzymes, RNA helicases, and P-body proteins. Significant discrepancies were discovered between zebrafish proteome and transcriptome profiles during the MZT. The proteome dynamics database will be a valuable resource for bettering our understanding of MZT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Daoyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Abdul Rehman Basharat
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - William Poulos
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Qianyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jose B. Cibelli
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1441 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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2
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Dinges SS, Amini K, Notarangelo LD, Delmonte OM. Primary and secondary defects of the thymus. Immunol Rev 2024; 322:178-211. [PMID: 38228406 PMCID: PMC10950553 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The thymus is the primary site of T-cell development, enabling generation, and selection of a diverse repertoire of T cells that recognize non-self, whilst remaining tolerant to self- antigens. Severe congenital disorders of thymic development (athymia) can be fatal if left untreated due to infections, and thymic tissue implantation is the only cure. While newborn screening for severe combined immune deficiency has allowed improved detection at birth of congenital athymia, thymic disorders acquired later in life are still underrecognized and assessing the quality of thymic function in such conditions remains a challenge. The thymus is sensitive to injury elicited from a variety of endogenous and exogenous factors, and its self-renewal capacity decreases with age. Secondary and age-related forms of thymic dysfunction may lead to an increased risk of infections, malignancy, and autoimmunity. Promising results have been obtained in preclinical models and clinical trials upon administration of soluble factors promoting thymic regeneration, but to date no therapy is approved for clinical use. In this review we provide a background on thymus development, function, and age-related involution. We discuss disease mechanisms, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches for primary and secondary thymic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S. Dinges
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kayla Amini
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luigi D. Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ottavia M. Delmonte
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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3
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Hodorovich DR, Fryer Harris T, Burton DF, Neese KM, Bieler RA, Chudasama V, Marsden KC. Effects of 4 Testing Arena Sizes and 11 Types of Embryo Media on Sensorimotor Behaviors in Wild-Type and chd7 Mutant Zebrafish Larvae. Zebrafish 2024; 21:1-14. [PMID: 38301171 PMCID: PMC10902501 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The larval zebrafish is a highly versatile model across research disciplines, and the expanding use of behavioral analysis has contributed to many advances in neuropsychiatric, developmental, and toxicological studies, often through large-scale chemical and genetic screens. In the absence of standardized approaches to larval zebrafish behavior analysis, however, it is critical to understand the impact on behavior of experimental variables such as the size of testing arenas and the choice of embryo medium. Using a custom-built, modular high-throughput testing system, we examined the effects of 4 testing arena sizes and 11 types of embryo media on conserved sensorimotor behaviors in zebrafish larvae. Our data show that testing arena size impacts acoustic startle sensitivity and kinematics, as well as spontaneous locomotion and thigmotaxis, with fish tested in larger arenas displaying reduced startle sensitivity and increased locomotion. We also find that embryo media can dramatically affect startle sensitivity, kinematics, habituation, and prepulse inhibition, as well as spontaneous swimming, turning, and overall activity. Common medium components such as methylene blue and high calcium concentration consistently reduced startle sensitivity and locomotion. To further address how the choice of embryo medium can impact phenotype expression in zebrafish models of disease, we reared chd7 mutant larvae, a model of CHARGE syndrome with previously characterized morphological and behavioral phenotypes, in five different types of media and observed impacts on all phenotypes. By defining the effects of these key extrinsic factors on larval zebrafish behavior, these data can help researchers select the most appropriate conditions for their specific research questions, particularly for genetic and chemical screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana R Hodorovich
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tiara Fryer Harris
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Derek F Burton
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katie M Neese
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachael A Bieler
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vimal Chudasama
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kurt C Marsden
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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4
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Lu W, Yang F, Meng Y, An J, Hu B, Jian S, Yang G, Lu H, Wen C. Immunotoxicity and transcriptome analysis of zebrafish embryos exposure to Nitazoxanide. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:108977. [PMID: 37579811 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is a broad-spectrum immunomodulatory drug, and little information is about the immunotoxicity of aquatic organisms induced by NTZ. In the present study, reduced body length and decreased yolk sac absorption in the NTZ-treated group were observed. Meanwhile, the number of innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells was substantially reduced upon NTZ exposure, and the migration and retention of macrophages and neutrophils in the injured area were inhibited. Following NTZ stimulation, oxidative stress levels in the zebrafish increased obviously. Mechanistically, RNA-seq, a high-throughput method, was performed to analyze the global expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in zebrafish embryos treated with NTZ. 531 DEGs were identified by comparative transcriptome analysis, including 121 up-regulated and 420 down-regulated genes in zebrafish embryos after NTZ exposure. The transcriptome sequences were further subjected to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) and analysis, showing phototransduction and metabolic pathway, respectively, and were most enriched. In addition, some immune-related genes were inhibited after NTZ exposure. RNA-seq results confirmed by qRT-PCR were used to verify the expression of the 6 selected genes. The other immune-related genes such as two pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, tnfα) and two chemokines (CXCL8b.3, CXCL-c1c) were further confirmed and were differentially regulated after NTZ exposure. In summary, NTZ exposure could lead to immunotoxicity and increased ROS in zebrafish embryos, this study provides valuable information for future elucidating the molecular mechanism of exogenous stimuli-induced immunotoxicity in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuting Lu
- Department of Aquatic Science, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330031, China
| | - Fanhua Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yunlong Meng
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jinhua An
- Department of Aquatic Science, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330031, China
| | - Baoqing Hu
- Department of Aquatic Science, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330031, China
| | - Shaoqing Jian
- Department of Aquatic Science, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330031, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of Aquatic Science, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330031, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China.
| | - Chungen Wen
- Department of Aquatic Science, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330031, China.
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5
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Hodorovich DR, Fryer Harris T, Burton D, Neese K, Bieler R, Chudasama V, Marsden KC. Effects of 4 testing arena sizes and 11 types of embryo media on sensorimotor behaviors in wild-type and chd7 mutant zebrafish larvae: Media and arena size impact zebrafish behavior. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.31.551330. [PMID: 37577457 PMCID: PMC10418063 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.551330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The larval zebrafish is a highly versatile model across research disciplines, and the expanding use of behavioral analysis has contributed to many advances in neuro-psychiatric, developmental, and toxicological studies, often through large-scale chemical and genetic screens. In the absence of standardized approaches to larval zebrafish behavior analysis, however, it is critical to understand the impact on behavior of experimental variables such as the size of testing arenas and the choice of embryo medium. Using a custom-built, modular high-throughput testing system, we examined the effects of 4 testing arena sizes and 11 types of embryo media on conserved sensorimotor behaviors in zebrafish larvae. Our data show that testing arena size impacts acoustic startle sensitivity and kinematics as well as spontaneous locomotion and thigmotaxis, with fish tested in larger arenas displaying reduced startle sensitivity and increased locomotion. We also find that embryo media can dramatically affect startle sensitivity, kinematics, habituation, and pre-pulse inhibition, as well as spontaneous swimming, turning, and overall activity. Common media components such as methylene blue and high calcium concentration consistently reduced startle sensitivity and locomotion. To further address how the choice of embryo medium can impact phenotype expression in zebrafish models of disease, we reared chd7 mutant larvae, a model of CHARGE syndrome with previously characterized morphological and behavioral phenotypes, in 5 different types of media and observed impacts on all phenotypes. By defining the effects of these key extrinsic factors on larval zebrafish behavior, these data can help researchers select the most appropriate conditions for their specific research questions, particularly for genetic and chemical screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana R. Hodorovich
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, United States of America
- Current Address: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tiara Fryer Harris
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Derek Burton
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, United States of America
- Current Address: Biogen, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Katie Neese
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rachael Bieler
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Vimal Chudasama
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kurt. C Marsden
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, United States of America
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6
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Basheer F, Sertori R, Liongue C, Ward AC. Zebrafish: A Relevant Genetic Model for Human Primary Immunodeficiency (PID) Disorders? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076468. [PMID: 37047441 PMCID: PMC10095346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiency (PID) disorders, also commonly referred to as inborn errors of immunity, are a heterogenous group of human genetic diseases characterized by defects in immune cell development and/or function. Since these disorders are generally uncommon and occur on a variable background profile of potential genetic and environmental modifiers, animal models are critical to provide mechanistic insights as well as to create platforms to underpin therapeutic development. This review aims to review the relevance of zebrafish as an alternative genetic model for PIDs. It provides an overview of the conservation of the zebrafish immune system and details specific examples of zebrafish models for a multitude of specific human PIDs across a range of distinct categories, including severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), combined immunodeficiency (CID), multi-system immunodeficiency, autoinflammatory disorders, neutropenia and defects in leucocyte mobility and respiratory burst. It also describes some of the diverse applications of these models, particularly in the fields of microbiology, immunology, regenerative biology and oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Basheer
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Robert Sertori
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Alister C Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
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7
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Hodorovich DR, Lindsley PM, Berry AA, Burton DF, Marsden KC. Morphological and sensorimotor phenotypes in a zebrafish CHARGE syndrome model are domain-dependent. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2023:e12839. [PMID: 36717082 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by a spectrum of defects affecting multiple tissues and behavioral difficulties such as autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, and sensory deficits. Most CHARGE cases arise from de novo, loss-of-function mutations in chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding-protein-7 (CHD7). CHD7 is required for processes such as neuronal differentiation and neural crest cell migration, but how CHD7 affects neural circuit function to regulate behavior is unclear. To investigate the pathophysiology of behavioral symptoms in CHARGE, we established a mutant chd7 zebrafish line that recapitulates multiple CHARGE phenotypes including ear, cardiac, and craniofacial defects. Using a panel of behavioral assays, we found that chd7 mutants have specific auditory and visual behavior deficits that are independent of defects in sensory structures. Mauthner cell-dependent short-latency acoustic startle responses are normal in chd7 mutants, while Mauthner-independent long-latency responses are reduced. Responses to sudden decreases in light are also reduced in mutants, while responses to sudden increases in light are normal, suggesting that the retinal OFF pathway may be affected. Furthermore, by analyzing multiple chd7 alleles we observed that the penetrance of morphological and behavioral phenotypes is influenced by genetic background but that it also depends on the mutation location, with a chromodomain mutation causing the highest penetrance. This pattern is consistent with analysis of a CHARGE patient dataset in which symptom penetrance was highest in subjects with mutations in the CHD7 chromodomains. These results provide new insight into the heterogeneity of CHARGE and will inform future work to define CHD7-dependent neurobehavioral mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana R Hodorovich
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patrick M Lindsley
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,University of Virginia School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Austen A Berry
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Biogen, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Derek F Burton
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kurt C Marsden
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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8
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Krueger LA, Bills JD, Lim ZY, Skidmore JM, Martin DM, Morris AC. Chromatin remodeler Chd7 regulates photoreceptor development and outer segment length. Exp Eye Res 2023; 226:109299. [PMID: 36343670 PMCID: PMC10354686 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the chromatin remodeling factor CHD7 are the predominant cause of CHARGE syndrome, a congenital disorder that frequently includes ocular coloboma. Although CHD7 is known to be required for proper ocular morphogenesis, its role in retinal development has not been thoroughly investigated. Given that individuals with CHARGE syndrome can experience visual impairment even in the absence of coloboma, a better understanding of CHD7 function in the retina is needed. In this study, we characterized the expression pattern of Chd7 in the developing zebrafish and mouse retina and documented ocular and retinal phenotypes in Chd7 loss-of-function mutants. Zebrafish Chd7 was expressed throughout the retinal neuroepithelium when retinal progenitor cells were actively proliferating, and later in subsets of newly post-mitotic retinal cells. At stages of retinal development when most retinal cell types had terminally differentiated, Chd7 expression remained strong in the ganglion cell layer and in some cells in the inner nuclear layer. Intriguingly, strong expression of Chd7 was also observed in the outer nuclear layer where it was co-expressed with markers of post-mitotic cone and rod photoreceptors. Expression of mouse CHD7 displayed a similar pattern, including expression in the ganglion cells, subsets of inner nuclear layer cells, and in the distal outer nuclear layer as late as P15. Two different mutant chd7 zebrafish lines were characterized for ocular and retinal defects. These mutants displayed microphthalmia, reduced numbers of cone photoreceptors, and truncated rod and cone photoreceptor outer segments. Reduced cone photoreceptor number and abnormal outer segments were also observed in heterozygous Chd7 mutant mice. Taken together, our results in zebrafish and mouse reveal a conserved, previously undescribed role for Chd7 in retinal development and photoreceptor outer segment morphogenesis. Moreover, our work suggests an avenue of future investigation into the pathogenesis of visual system defects in CHARGE syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Krueger
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0225, USA
| | - Jessica D Bills
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0225, USA
| | - Zun Yi Lim
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0225, USA
| | | | - Donna M Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ann C Morris
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0225, USA.
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9
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Sun Y, Kumar SR, Wong CED, Tian Z, Bai H, Crump JG, Bajpai R, Lien CL. Craniofacial and cardiac defects in chd7 zebrafish mutants mimic CHARGE syndrome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1030587. [PMID: 36568983 PMCID: PMC9768498 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1030587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects occur in almost 80% of patients with CHARGE syndrome, a sporadically occurring disease causing craniofacial and other abnormalities due to mutations in the CHD7 gene. Animal models have been generated to mimic CHARGE syndrome; however, heart defects are not extensively described in zebrafish disease models of CHARGE using morpholino injections or genetic mutants. Here, we describe the co-occurrence of craniofacial abnormalities and heart defects in zebrafish chd7 mutants. These mutant phenotypes are enhanced in the maternal zygotic mutant background. In the chd7 mutant fish, we found shortened craniofacial cartilages and extra cartilage formation. Furthermore, the length of the ventral aorta is altered in chd7 mutants. Many CHARGE patients have aortic arch anomalies. It should be noted that the aberrant branching of the first branchial arch artery is observed for the first time in chd7 fish mutants. To understand the cellular mechanism of CHARGE syndrome, neural crest cells (NCCs), that contribute to craniofacial and cardiovascular tissues, are examined using sox10:Cre lineage tracing. In contrast to its function in cranial NCCs, we found that the cardiac NCC-derived mural cells along the ventral aorta and aortic arch arteries are not affected in chd7 mutant fish. The chd7 fish mutants we generated recapitulate some of the craniofacial and cardiovascular phenotypes found in CHARGE patients and can be used to further determine the roles of CHD7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Sun
- Saban Research Institute and Heart Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - S. Ram Kumar
- Saban Research Institute and Heart Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chee Ern David Wong
- Saban Research Institute and Heart Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhiyu Tian
- Saban Research Institute and Heart Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Haipeng Bai
- Saban Research Institute and Heart Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - J. Gage Crump
- Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ruchi Bajpai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ching Ling Lien
- Saban Research Institute and Heart Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Ching Ling Lien,
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10
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Inflammatory Cytokines That Enhance Antigen Responsiveness of Naïve CD8 + T Lymphocytes Modulate Chromatin Accessibility of Genes Impacted by Antigen Stimulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214122. [PMID: 36430600 PMCID: PMC9698886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Naïve CD8+ T lymphocytes exposed to certain inflammatory cytokines undergo proliferation and display increased sensitivity to antigens. Such 'cytokine priming' can promote the activation of potentially autoreactive and antitumor CD8+ T cells by weak tissue antigens and tumor antigens. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of cytokine priming, naïve PMEL-1 TCR transgenic CD8+ T lymphocytes were stimulated with IL-15 and IL-21, and chromatin accessibility was assessed using the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (ATAC) sequencing. PMEL-1 cells stimulated by the cognate antigenic peptide mgp10025-33 served as controls. Cytokine-primed cells showed a limited number of opening and closing chromatin accessibility peaks compared to antigen-stimulated cells. However, the ATACseq peaks in cytokine-primed cells substantially overlapped with those of antigen-stimulated cells and mapped to several genes implicated in T cell signaling, activation, effector differentiation, negative regulation and exhaustion. Nonetheless, the expression of most of these genes was remarkably different between cytokine-primed and antigen-stimulated cells. In addition, cytokine priming impacted the expression of several genes following antigen stimulation in a synergistic or antagonistic manner. Our findings indicate that chromatin accessibility changes in cytokine-primed naïve CD8+ T cells not only underlie their increased antigen responsiveness but may also enhance their functional fitness by reducing exhaustion without compromising regulatory controls.
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11
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Krueger LA, Morris AC. Eyes on CHARGE syndrome: Roles of CHD7 in ocular development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:994412. [PMID: 36172288 PMCID: PMC9512043 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.994412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the vertebrate visual system involves complex morphogenetic interactions of cells derived from multiple embryonic lineages. Disruptions in this process are associated with structural birth defects such as microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma (collectively referred to as MAC), and inherited retinal degenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa and allied dystrophies. MAC and retinal degeneration are also observed in systemic congenital malformation syndromes. One important example is CHARGE syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by coloboma, heart defects, choanal atresia, growth retardation, genital abnormalities, and ear abnormalities. Mutations in the gene encoding Chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7 (CHD7) cause the majority of CHARGE syndrome cases. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms that connect loss of CHD7 to the ocular complications observed in CHARGE syndrome have not been identified. In this review, we provide a general overview of ocular development and congenital disorders affecting the eye. This is followed by a comprehensive description of CHARGE syndrome, including discussion of the spectrum of ocular defects that have been described in this disorder. In addition, we discuss the current knowledge of CHD7 function and focus on its contributions to the development of ocular structures. Finally, we discuss outstanding gaps in our knowledge of the role of CHD7 in eye formation, and propose avenues of investigation to further our understanding of how CHD7 activity regulates ocular and retinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann C. Morris
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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12
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Pala F, Notarangelo LD, Bosticardo M. Inborn errors of immunity associated with defects of thymic development. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13832. [PMID: 36003043 PMCID: PMC11077434 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The main function of the thymus is to support the establishment of a wide repertoire of T lymphocytes capable of eliminating foreign pathogens, yet tolerant to self-antigens. Thymocyte development in the thymus is dependent on the interaction with thymic stromal cells, a complex mixture of cells comprising thymic epithelial cells (TEC), mesenchymal and endothelial cells. The exchange of signals between stromal cells and thymocytes is referred to as "thymic cross-talk". Genetic defects affecting either side of this interaction result in defects in thymic development that ultimately lead to a decreased output of T lymphocytes to the periphery. In the present review, we aim at providing a summary of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) characterized by T-cell lymphopenia due to defects of the thymic stroma, or to hematopoietic-intrinsic defects of T-cell development, with a special focus on recently discovered disorders. Additionally, we review the novel diagnostic tools developed to discover and study new genetic causes of IEI due to defects in thymic development. Finally, we discuss therapeutic approaches to correct thymic defects that are currently available, in addition to potential novel therapies that could be applied in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pala
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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13
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Tu Z, Zheng Y. Role of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell maintenance. Curr Opin Hematol 2022; 29:174-180. [PMID: 35787545 PMCID: PMC9257093 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors utilize energy from ATP hydrolysis to modulate DNA-histone structures and regulate gene transcription. They are essential during hematopoiesis and for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) function. This review discusses the recently unveiled roles of these chromatin remodelers in HSPC regulation, with an emphasis on the mechanism of chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) family members. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers have revealed that individual CHD family members engage in distinct mechanisms in regulating HSPC cell fate. For example, CHD8 is required for HSPC survival by restricting both P53 transcriptional activity and protein stability in steady state hematopoiesis while the related CHD7 physically interacts with RUNX family transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) and suppresses RUNX1-induced expansion of HSPCs during blood development. Moreover, other CHD subfamily members such as CHD1/CHD2 and CHD3/CHD4, as well as the switch/sucrose non-fermentable, imitation SWI, and SWI2/SNF2 related (SWR) families of chromatin modulators, have also been found important for HSPC maintenance by distinct mechanisms. SUMMARY The expanding knowledge of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers in hematopoiesis illustrates their respective critical roles in HSPC maintenance including the regulation of HSPC differentiation, survival, and self-renewal. Further studies are warranted to elucidate how different chromatin remodeling complexes are integrated in various HSPC cell fate decisions during steady-state and stress hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Tu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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14
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Lympho-Hematopoietic Microenvironments and Fish Immune System. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050747. [PMID: 35625475 PMCID: PMC9138301 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Teleost fish, the most abundant group of vertebrates, represent an excellent tool to establish possible correlations between the histological organization of their lymphoid organs and their immunological capacities. This approach allows us to analyze embryonic and larval lymphopoiesis, the remarkable organization of the teleost thymus, the role of the kidney as a true equivalent of the lympho-hematopoietic bone marrow of higher vertebrates, the mechanisms of antigen trapping in both ellipsoids and the so-called melano-macrophage centers (MMCs) and their relation with the generation of memory and the lack of germinal centers, and the extended development of the lymphoid tissue associated to mucosae. Abstract In the last 50 years information on the fish immune system has increased importantly, particularly that on species of marked commercial interest (i.e., salmonids, cods, catfish, sea breams), that occupy a key position in the vertebrate phylogenetical tree (i.e., Agnatha, Chondrichtyes, lungfish) or represent consolidated experimental models, such as zebrafish or medaka. However, most obtained information was based on genetic sequence analysis with little or no information on the cellular basis of the immune responses. Although jawed fish contain a thymus and lympho-hematopoietic organs equivalents to mammalian bone marrow, few studies have accounted for the presumptive relationships between the organization of these cell microenvironments and the known immune capabilities of the fish immune system. In the current review, we analyze this topic providing information on: (1) The origins of T and B lymphopoiesis in Agnatha and jawed fish; (2) the remarkable organization of the thymus of teleost fish; (3) the occurrence of numerous, apparently unrelated organs housing lympho-hematopoietic progenitors and, presumably, B lymphopoiesis; (4) the existence of fish immunological memory in the absence of germinal centers.
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15
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Chung DD, Pinson MR, Bhenderu LS, Lai MS, Patel RA, Miranda RC. Toxic and Teratogenic Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Fetal Development, Adolescence, and Adulthood. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168785. [PMID: 34445488 PMCID: PMC8395909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can have immediate and long-lasting toxic and teratogenic effects on an individual’s development and health. As a toxicant, alcohol can lead to a variety of physical and neurological anomalies in the fetus that can lead to behavioral and other impairments which may last a lifetime. Recent studies have focused on identifying mechanisms that mediate the immediate teratogenic effects of alcohol on fetal development and mechanisms that facilitate the persistent toxic effects of alcohol on health and predisposition to disease later in life. This review focuses on the contribution of epigenetic modifications and intercellular transporters like extracellular vesicles to the toxicity of PAE and to immediate and long-term consequences on an individual’s health and risk of disease.
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16
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Collins C, Sharpe E, Silber A, Kulke S, Hsieh EWY. Congenital Athymia: Genetic Etiologies, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatment. J Clin Immunol 2021; 41:881-895. [PMID: 33987750 PMCID: PMC8249278 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Congenital athymia is an ultra-rare disease characterized by the absence of a functioning thymus. It is associated with several genetic and syndromic disorders including FOXN1 deficiency, 22q11.2 deletion, CHARGE Syndrome (Coloboma, Heart defects, Atresia of the nasal choanae, Retardation of growth and development, Genitourinary anomalies, and Ear anomalies), and Complete DiGeorge Syndrome. Congenital athymia can result from defects in genes that impact thymic organ development such as FOXN1 and PAX1 or from genes that are involved in development of the entire midline region, such as TBX1 within the 22q11.2 region, CHD7, and FOXI3. Patients with congenital athymia have profound immunodeficiency, increased susceptibility to infections, and frequently, autologous graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Athymic patients often present with absent T cells but normal numbers of B cells and Natural Killer cells (T-B+NK+), similar to a phenotype of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID); these patients may require additional steps to confirm the diagnosis if no known genetic cause of athymia is identified. However, distinguishing athymia from SCID is crucial, as treatments differ for these conditions. Cultured thymus tissue is being investigated as a treatment for congenital athymia. Here, we review what is known about the epidemiology, underlying etiologies, clinical manifestations, and treatments for congenital athymia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen Collins
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy Immunology, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah Kulke
- Enzyvant Therapeutics, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elena W Y Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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17
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CFTR regulates embryonic T lymphopoiesis via Wnt signaling in zebrafish. Immunol Lett 2021; 234:47-53. [PMID: 33951474 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The number and function of T cells are abnormal as observed in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and CF mouse models, and our previous work shows that the CFTR mutant leads to deficiency of primitive and definitive hematopoietic in zebrafish. However, the functions and underlying mechanisms of CFTR in T cell development during early embryogenesis have not been explored. Here, we report that the genetic ablation of CFTR in zebrafish resulted in abrogated embryonic T lymphopoiesis, which was ascribed to impaired thymic homing and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Transcriptome analysis of isolated HSCs in zebrafish embryos at 48 hpf showed a significant alteration of key factors essential for T cell development and Wnt signaling, consistent with our previous work on CFTR regulating hematopoiesis. In brief, we uncovered the function of CFTR in embryonic T cell development and suggest that the immune deficiency of CF patients may originate from an early embryonic stage.
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18
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Jamadagni P, Breuer M, Schmeisser K, Cardinal T, Kassa B, Parker JA, Pilon N, Samarut E, Patten SA. Chromatin remodeller CHD7 is required for GABAergic neuron development by promoting PAQR3 expression. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50958. [PMID: 33900016 PMCID: PMC8183419 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the chromatin remodeller‐coding gene CHD7 cause CHARGE syndrome (CS). CS features include moderate to severe neurological and behavioural problems, clinically characterized by intellectual disability, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. To investigate the poorly characterized neurobiological role of CHD7, we here generate a zebrafish chd7−/− model. chd7−/− mutants have less GABAergic neurons and exhibit a hyperactivity behavioural phenotype. The GABAergic neuron defect is at least in part due to downregulation of the CHD7 direct target gene paqr3b, and subsequent upregulation of MAPK/ERK signalling, which is also dysregulated in CHD7 mutant human cells. Through a phenotype‐based screen in chd7−/− zebrafish and Caenorhabditis elegans, we show that the small molecule ephedrine restores normal levels of MAPK/ERK signalling and improves both GABAergic defects and behavioural anomalies. We conclude that chd7 promotes paqr3b expression and that this is required for normal GABAergic network development. This work provides insight into the neuropathogenesis associated with CHD7 deficiency and identifies a promising compound for further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maximilian Breuer
- INRS- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Kathrin Schmeisser
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tatiana Cardinal
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Betelhem Kassa
- INRS- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - J Alex Parker
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Modelis inc., Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pilon
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Samarut
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Modelis inc., Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Shunmoogum A Patten
- INRS- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada.,Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada
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19
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Kreins AY, Maio S, Dhalla F. Inborn errors of thymic stromal cell development and function. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 43:85-100. [PMID: 33257998 PMCID: PMC7925491 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As the primary site for T cell development, the thymus is responsible for the production and selection of a functional, yet self-tolerant T cell repertoire. This critically depends on thymic stromal cells, derived from the pharyngeal apparatus during embryogenesis. Thymic epithelial cells, mesenchymal and vascular elements together form the unique and highly specialised microenvironment required to support all aspects of thymopoiesis and T cell central tolerance induction. Although rare, inborn errors of thymic stromal cells constitute a clinically important group of conditions because their immunological consequences, which include autoimmune disease and T cell immunodeficiency, can be life-threatening if unrecognised and untreated. In this review, we describe the molecular and environmental aetiologies of the thymic stromal cell defects known to cause disease in humans, placing particular emphasis on those with a propensity to cause thymic hypoplasia or aplasia and consequently severe congenital immunodeficiency. We discuss the principles underpinning their diagnosis and management, including the use of novel tools to aid in their identification and strategies for curative treatment, principally transplantation of allogeneic thymus tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Y Kreins
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stefano Maio
- Developmental Immunology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fatima Dhalla
- Developmental Immunology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,Department of Clinical Immunology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK.
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20
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Hsu J, Huang HT, Lee CT, Choudhuri A, Wilson NK, Abraham BJ, Moignard V, Kucinski I, Yu S, Hyde RK, Tober J, Cai X, Li Y, Guo Y, Yang S, Superdock M, Trompouki E, Calero-Nieto FJ, Ghamari A, Jiang J, Gao P, Gao L, Nguyen V, Robertson AL, Durand EM, Kathrein KL, Aifantis I, Gerber SA, Tong W, Tan K, Cantor AB, Zhou Y, Liu PP, Young RA, Göttgens B, Speck NA, Zon LI. CHD7 and Runx1 interaction provides a braking mechanism for hematopoietic differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23626-23635. [PMID: 32883883 PMCID: PMC7519295 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003228117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) formation and lineage differentiation involve gene expression programs orchestrated by transcription factors and epigenetic regulators. Genetic disruption of the chromatin remodeler chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7) expanded phenotypic HSPCs, erythroid, and myeloid lineages in zebrafish and mouse embryos. CHD7 acts to suppress hematopoietic differentiation. Binding motifs for RUNX and other hematopoietic transcription factors are enriched at sites occupied by CHD7, and decreased RUNX1 occupancy correlated with loss of CHD7 localization. CHD7 physically interacts with RUNX1 and suppresses RUNX1-induced expansion of HSPCs during development through modulation of RUNX1 activity. Consequently, the RUNX1:CHD7 axis provides proper timing and function of HSPCs as they emerge during hematopoietic development or mature in adults, representing a distinct and evolutionarily conserved control mechanism to ensure accurate hematopoietic lineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Hsu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Hsuan-Ting Huang
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Chung-Tsai Lee
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Avik Choudhuri
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Nicola K Wilson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 OXY
| | - Brian J Abraham
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Victoria Moignard
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 OXY
| | - Iwo Kucinski
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 OXY
| | - Shuqian Yu
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - R Katherine Hyde
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Joanna Tober
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Xiongwei Cai
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yan Li
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yalin Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Song Yang
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Michael Superdock
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Eirini Trompouki
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Fernando J Calero-Nieto
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 OXY
| | - Alireza Ghamari
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Peng Gao
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Long Gao
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Vy Nguyen
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Anne L Robertson
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ellen M Durand
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Katie L Kathrein
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Scott A Gerber
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Wei Tong
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kai Tan
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Alan B Cantor
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yi Zhou
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - P Paul Liu
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Richard A Young
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 OXY
| | - Nancy A Speck
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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21
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Giardino G, Borzacchiello C, De Luca M, Romano R, Prencipe R, Cirillo E, Pignata C. T-Cell Immunodeficiencies With Congenital Alterations of Thymic Development: Genes Implicated and Differential Immunological and Clinical Features. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1837. [PMID: 32922396 PMCID: PMC7457079 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined Immunodeficiencies (CID) are rare congenital disorders characterized by defective T-cell development that may be associated with B- and NK-cell deficiency. They are usually due to alterations in genes expressed in hematopoietic precursors but in few cases, they are caused by impaired thymic development. Athymia was classically associated with DiGeorge Syndrome due to TBX1 gene haploinsufficiency. Other genes, implicated in thymic organogenesis include FOXN1, associated with Nude SCID syndrome, PAX1, associated with Otofaciocervical Syndrome type 2, and CHD7, one of the genes implicated in CHARGE syndrome. More recently, chromosome 2p11.2 microdeletion, causing FOXI3 haploinsufficiency, has been identified in 5 families with impaired thymus development. In this review, we will summarize the main genetic, clinical, and immunological features related to the abovementioned gene mutations. We will also focus on different therapeutic approaches to treat SCID in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Giardino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Borzacchiello
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina De Luca
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Romano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Prencipe
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Cirillo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Pignata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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22
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Bhalla P, Wysocki CA, van Oers NSC. Molecular Insights Into the Causes of Human Thymic Hypoplasia With Animal Models. Front Immunol 2020; 11:830. [PMID: 32431714 PMCID: PMC7214791 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DiGeorge), CHARGE syndrome, Nude/SCID and otofaciocervical syndrome type 2 (OTFCS2) are distinct clinical conditions in humans that can result in hypoplasia and occasionally, aplasia of the thymus. Thymic hypoplasia/aplasia is first suggested by absence or significantly reduced numbers of recent thymic emigrants, revealed in standard-of-care newborn screens for T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs). Subsequent clinical assessments will often indicate whether genetic mutations are causal to the low T cell output from the thymus. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to the thymic hypoplasia/aplasia in diverse human syndromes are not fully understood, partly because the problems of the thymus originate during embryogenesis. Rodent and Zebrafish models of these clinical syndromes have been used to better define the underlying basis of the clinical presentations. Results from these animal models are uncovering contributions of different cell types in the specification, differentiation, and expansion of the thymus. Cell populations such as epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells, and thymocytes are variably affected depending on the human syndrome responsible for the thymic hypoplasia. In the current review, findings from the diverse animal models will be described in relation to the clinical phenotypes. Importantly, these results are suggesting new strategies for regenerating thymic tissue in patients with distinct congenital disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Bhalla
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Christian A Wysocki
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Nicolai S C van Oers
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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23
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Liu H, Liu ZZ. Aggressive-like behavior and increased glycine transporters in a zebrafish model of CHARGE syndrome. Behav Brain Res 2019; 378:112293. [PMID: 31610215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Coloboma, heart defects, choanal atresia, restricted growth and development, genital hypoplasia, ear abnormalities and/or hearing loss (CHARGE) syndrome is a congenital disorder that is mainly caused by mutations within chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (chd7). Behavioral abnormalities have been addressed in CHARGE syndrome, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we performed four behavioral tests-including the open-field test, novel-tank test, shoaling test and mirror-induced attack test-in chd7 heterozygous zebrafish mutants in order to characterize the behavioral abnormalities in a zebrafish model of CHARGE syndrome. We found that chd7 heterozygous mutants exhibited anxious-like behavior and aggressive-like behavior in the open-field test and in the mirror-induced attack test, respectively, which resembled the reported behavioral abnormalities in CHARGE syndrome in humans. Moreover, we found that glycine and D-cycloserine treatment rescued the aggressive behavior of chd7 heterozygous zebrafish mutants, indicating that the excitation and inhibition balance might be disrupted in the brains of chd7 heterozygous zebrafish mutants. Further analysis showed that the expression of glycine transporters was dramatically increased in the brains of chd7 heterozygous zebrafish mutants. Treatment with an inhibitor of glycine transporter 1, sarcosine, partially rescued the aggressive-like behavior of chd7 heterozygous zebrafish mutants. Taken together, our data suggest that the aggressive behavior in CHARGE syndrome may be due to the increased expression of glycine transporters, and inhibition of the activity of glycine transporters may be an approach to treat the behavioral abnormalities in CHARGE syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Lab of Neural Development and Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Queen Mary College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-Zhi Liu
- Lab of Neural Development and Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Jiangxi Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Digestive and Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
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24
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Liu ZZ, Guo J, Lu Y, Liu W, Fu X, Yao T, Zhou Y, Xu HA. Sema3E is required for migration of cranial neural crest cells in zebrafish: Implications for the pathogenesis of CHARGE syndrome. Int J Exp Pathol 2019; 100:234-243. [PMID: 31464029 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is a congenital disorder with multiple malformations in the craniofacial structures, and cardiovascular and genital systems, which are mainly affected by neural crest defects caused by loss-of-function mutations within chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7). However, many patients with CHARGE syndrome test negative for CHD7. Semaphorin 3E (sema3E) is a gene reported to be mutated in patients with CHARGE syndrome. However, its role in the pathogenesis of CHARGE syndrome has not been verified experimentally. Here, we report that the knockdown of sema3E results in severe craniofacial malformations, including small eyes, defective cartilage and an abnormal number of otoliths in zebrafish embryos, which resemble the major features of CHARGE syndrome. Further analysis reveals that the migratory cranial neural crest cells are scattered in the region of the hindbrain, and the postmigratory neural crest cells are reduced in the pharyngeal arches upon sema3E knockdown. Notably, immunostaining and time-lapse imaging analyses of a neural crest cell-labelled transgenic fish line, sox10:EGFP, show that the migration of cranial neural crest cells is severely impaired, and many of these cells are misrouted upon sema3E knockdown. Furthermore, the sox10-expressing cranial neural crest cells are scattered in chd7 homozygous mutants, which phenocopied the phenotype in sema3E morphants. Overexpression of sema3E rescues the phenotype of scattered cranial neural crest cells in chd7 homozygotes, indicating that chd7 may control the expression of sema3E to regulate cranial neural crest cell migration. Collectively, our data demonstrate that sema3E is involved in the pathogenesis of CHARGE syndrome by modulating cranial neural crest cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Zhi Liu
- Lab of Neural Development and Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular, Digestive and Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Children's Hospital of Jiang Xi, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- Lab of Neural Development and Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Fu
- Lab of Neural Development and Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tianbing Yao
- Lab of Neural Development and Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Lab of Neural Development and Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong A Xu
- Lab of Neural Development and Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular, Digestive and Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Nanchang, China
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25
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Asad Z, Sachidanandan C. Chemical screens in a zebrafish model of CHARGE syndrome identifies small molecules that ameliorate disease-like phenotypes in embryo. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 63:103661. [PMID: 31051269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is an autosomal dominant congenital disorder caused primarily by mutations in the CHD7 gene. Using a small molecule screen in a zebrafish model of CHARGE syndrome, we identified 4 compounds that rescue embryos from disease-like phenotypes. Our screen yielded DAPT, a Notch signaling inhibitor that could ameliorate the craniofacial, cranial neuronal and myelination defects in chd7 morphant zebrafish embryos. We discovered that Procainamide, an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase 1, was able to recover the pattern of expression of isl2a, a cranial neuronal marker while also reducing the effect on craniofacial cartilage and myelination. M344, an inhibitor of Histone deacetylases had a strong recovery effect on craniofacial cartilage defects and could also modestly revert the myelination defects in zebrafish embryos. CHIC-35, a SIRT1 inhibitor partially restored the expression of isl2a in cranial neurons while causing a partial reversion of myelination and craniofacial cartilage defects. Our results suggest that a modular approach to phenotypic rescue in multi-organ syndromes might be a more successful approach to treat these disorders. Our findings also open up the possibility of using these compounds for other disorders with shared phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Asad
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Chetana Sachidanandan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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