Lysosome Associated Protein Transmembrane 4B-24 Is the Predominant Protein Isoform in Human Tissues and Undergoes Rapid, Nutrient-Regulated Turnover

MiR-3202-DTL signaling axis impedes NSCLC malignancy via regulating the ubiquitination-proteasome degradation of p21

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly prevalent and aggressive malignancy, where early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention are pivotal for enhancing patient prognosis. Nonetheless, the lack of reliable biomarkers remains a substantial hurdle in clinical practice. In this study, we identified dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in NSCLC, revealing a significant downregulation of miR-3202 and an upregulation of miR-3182. We demonstrate that both miR-3202 and miR-3182 play critical roles in modulating NSCLC cell proliferation and motility. Notably, we identify DTL as a direct target of miR-3202, with sustained expression of DTL reversing the effects of miR-3202 on cell growth and migration. Mechanistically, we show that miR-3202 regulates the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of p21 through DTL. These findings provide novel insights into the miRNA landscape in NSCLC and underscore the functional significance of the miR-3202-DTL-p21 axis. Our results position miR-3202 as a potential biomarker for NSCLC, thereby offering a foundation for the development of targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

LAPTM4B counteracts ferroptosis via suppressing the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of SLC7A11 in non-small cell lung cancer

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, necessitating the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Lysosome Associated Protein Transmembrane 4B (LAPTM4B) is involved in biological processes critical to cancer progression, such as regulation of solute carrier transporter proteins and metabolic pathways, including mTORC1. However, the metabolic processes governed by LAPTM4B and its role in oncogenesis remain unknown. In this study, we conducted unbiased metabolomic screens to uncover the metabolic landscape regulated by LAPTM4B. We observed common metabolic changes in several knockout cell models suggesting of a role for LAPTM4B in suppressing ferroptosis. Through a series of cell-based assays and animal experiments, we demonstrate that LAPTM4B protects tumor cells from erastin-induced ferroptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LAPTM4B suppresses ferroptosis by inhibiting NEDD4L/ZRANB1 mediated ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of the cystine-glutamate antiporter SLC7A11. Furthermore, metabolomic profiling of cancer cells revealed that LAPTM4B knockout leads to a significant enrichment of ferroptosis and associated metabolic alterations. By integrating results from cellular assays, patient tissue samples, an animal model, and cancer databases, this study highlights the clinical relevance of the LAPTM4B-SLC7A11-ferroptosis signaling axis in NSCLC progression and identifies it as a potential target for the development of cancer therapeutics.

VAMP8 suppresses the metastasis via DDX5/β-catenin signal pathway in osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma is a highly metastatic malignant bone tumor, necessitating the development of new treatments to target its metastasis. Recent studies have revealed the significance of VAMP8 in regulating various signaling pathways in various types of cancer. However, the specific functional role of VAMP8 in osteosarcoma progression remains unclear. In this study, we observed a significant downregulation of VAMP8 in osteosarcoma cells and tissues. Low levels of VAMP8 in osteosarcoma tissues were associated with patients' poor prognosis. VAMP8 inhibited the migration and invasion capability of osteosarcoma cells. Mechanically, we identified DDX5 as a novel interacting partner of VAMP8, and the conjunction of VAMP8 and DDX5 promoted the degradation of DDX5 via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Moreover, reduced levels of DDX5 led to the downregulation of β-catenin, thereby suppressing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Additionally, VAMP8 promoted autophagy flux, which may contribute to the suppression of osteosarcoma metastasis. In conclusion, our study anticipated that VAMP8 inhibits osteosarcoma metastasis by promoting the proteasomal degradation of DDX5, consequently inhibiting WNT/β-catenin signaling and EMT. Dysregulation of autophagy by VAMP8 is also implicated as a potential mechanism. These findings provide new insights into the biological nature driving osteosarcoma metastasis and highlight the modulation of VAMP8 as a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting osteosarcoma metastasis.

miR-137-LAPTM4B regulates cytoskeleton organization and cancer metastasis via the RhoA-LIMK-Cofilin pathway in osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare malignant bone tumor but is one leading cause of cancer mortality in childhood and adolescence. Cancer metastasis accounts for the primary reason for treatment failure in OS patients. The dynamic organization of the cytoskeleton is fundamental for cell motility, migration, and cancer metastasis. Lysosome Associated Protein Transmembrane 4B (LAPTM4B) is an oncogene participating in various biological progress central to cancer biogenesis. However, the potential roles of LAPTM4B in OS and the related mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we established the elevated LAPTM4B expression in OS, and it is essential in regulating stress fiber organization through RhoA-LIMK-cofilin signaling pathway. In terms of mechanism, our data revealed that LAPTM4B promotes RhoA protein stability by suppressing the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation pathway. Moreover, our data show that miR-137, rather than gene copy number and methylation status, contributes to the upregulation of LAPTM4B in OS. We report that miR-137 is capable of regulating stress fiber arrangement, OS cell migration, and metastasis via targeting LAPTM4B. Combining results from cells, patients' tissue samples, the animal model, and cancer databases, this study further suggests that the miR-137-LAPTM4B axis represents a clinically relevant pathway in OS progression and a viable target for novel therapeutics.

LAPTM4B-35 promotes cancer cell migration via stimulating integrin beta1 recycling and focal adhesion dynamics

Metastasis is the main cause of cancer patients' death despite tremendous efforts invested in developing the related molecular mechanisms. During cancer cell migration, cells undergo dynamic regulation of filopodia, focal adhesion, and endosome trafficking. Cdc42 is imperative for maintaining cell morphology and filopodia, regulating cell movement. Integrin beta1 activates on the endosome, the majority of which distributes itself on the plasma membrane, indicating that endocytic trafficking is essential for this activity. In cancers, high expression of lysosome‐associated protein transmembrane 4B (LAPTM4B) is associated with poor prognosis. LAPTM4B‐35 has been reported as displaying plasma membrane distribution and being associated with cancer cell migration. However, the detailed mechanism of its isoform‐specific distribution and whether it relates to cell migration remain unknown. Here, we first report and quantify the filopodia localization of LAPTM4B‐35: mechanically, that specific interaction with Cdc42 promoted its localization to the filopodia. Furthermore, our data show that LAPTM4B‐35 stabilized filopodia and regulated integrin beta1 recycling via interaction and cotrafficking on the endosome. In our zebrafish xenograft model, LAPTM4B‐35 stimulated the formation and dynamics of focal adhesion, further promoting cancer cell dissemination, whereas in skin cancer patients, LAPTM4B level correlated with poor prognosis. In short, this study establishes an insight into the mechanism of LAPTM4B‐35 filopodia distribution, as well as into its biological effects and its clinical significance, providing a novel target for cancer therapeutics development.

LAPTM4B controls the sphingolipid and ether lipid signature of small extracellular vesicles

Lysosome Associated Protein Transmembrane 4B (LAPTM4B) is a four-membrane spanning ceramide interacting protein that regulates mTORC1 signaling. Here, we show that LAPTM4B is sorted into intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) of multivesicular endosomes (MVEs) and released in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) into conditioned cell culture medium and human urine. Efficient sorting of LAPTM4B into ILV membranes depends on its third transmembrane domain containing a sphingolipid interaction motif (SLim). Unbiased lipidomic analysis reveals a strong enrichment of glycosphingolipids in sEVs secreted from LAPTM4B knockout cells and from cells expressing a SLim-deficient LAPTM4B mutant. The altered sphingolipid profile is accompanied by a distinct SLim-dependent co-modulation of ether lipid species. The changes in the lipid composition of sEVs derived from LAPTM4B knockout cells is reflected by an increased stability of membrane nanodomains of sEVs. These results identify LAPTM4B as a determinant of the glycosphingolipid profile and membrane properties of sEVs.