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Lv W, Wang Y, Fu H, Liang Z, Huang B, Jiang R, Wu J, Zhao Y. Recent advances of multifunctional zwitterionic polymers for biomedical application. Acta Biomater 2024; 181:19-45. [PMID: 38729548 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Zwitterionic polymers possess equal total positive and negative charges in the repeating units, making them electrically neutral overall. This unique property results in superhydrophilicity, which makes the zwitterionic polymers highly effective in resisting protein adsorption, thus endowing the drug carriers with long blood circulation time, inhibiting thrombus formation on biomedical devices in contact with blood, and ensuring the good sensitivity of sensors in biomedical application. Moreover, zwitterionic polymers have tumor-targeting ability and pH-responsiveness, rendering them ideal candidates for antitumor drug delivery. Additionally, the high ionic conductivity of zwitterionic polymers makes them an important raw material for ionic skin. Zwitterionic polymers exhibit remarkable resistance to bacterial adsorption and growth, proving their suitability in a wide range of biomedical applications such as ophthalmic applications, and wound dressings. In this paper, we provide an in-depth analysis of the different structures and characteristics of zwitterionic polymers and highlight their unique qualities and suitability for biomedical applications. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations and challenges that must be overcome to realize the full potential of zwitterionic polymers and present an optimistic perspective for zwitterionic polymers in the biomedical fields. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Zwitterionic polymers have a series of excellent properties such as super hydrophilicity, anti-protein adsorption, antibacterial ability and good ionic conductivity. However, biomedical applications of multifunctional zwitterionic polymers are still a major field to be explored. This review focuses on the design and application of zwitterionic polymers-based nanosystems for targeted and responsive delivery of antitumor drugs and cancer diagnostic agents. Moreover, the use of zwitterionic polymers in various biomedical applications such as biomedical devices in contact with blood, biosensors, ionic skin, ophthalmic applications and wound dressings is comprehensively described. We discuss current results and future challenges for a better understanding of multifunctional zwitterionic polymers for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Lv
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Huayu Fu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Ziyang Liang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Bangqi Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Ruiqin Jiang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong, China; Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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Farahzadi R, Hejazi MS, Molavi O, Pishgahzadeh E, Montazersaheb S, Jafari S. Clinical Significance of Carnitine in the Treatment of Cancer: From Traffic to the Regulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:9328344. [PMID: 37600065 PMCID: PMC10435298 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9328344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a common hallmark of cancer cells. Cancer cells exhibit metabolic flexibility to maintain high proliferation and survival rates. In other words, adaptation of cellular demand is essential for tumorigenesis, since a diverse supply of nutrients is required to accommodate tumor growth and progression. Diversity of carbon substrates fueling cancer cells indicate metabolic heterogeneity, even in tumors sharing the same clinical diagnosis. In addition to the alteration of glucose and amino acid metabolism in cancer cells, there is evidence that cancer cells can alter lipid metabolism. Some tumors rely on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) as the primary energy source; hence, cancer cells overexpress the enzymes involved in FAO. Carnitine is an essential cofactor in the lipid metabolic pathways. It is crucial in facilitating the transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for β-oxidation. This role and others played by carnitine, especially its antioxidant function in cellular processes, emphasize the fine regulation of carnitine traffic within tissues and subcellular compartments. The biological activity of carnitine is orchestrated by specific membrane transporters that mediate the transfer of carnitine and its derivatives across the cell membrane. The concerted function of carnitine transporters creates a collaborative network that is relevant to metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells. Here, the molecular mechanisms relevant to the role and expression of carnitine transporters are discussed, providing insights into cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Farahzadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ommoleila Molavi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elahe Pishgahzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Montazersaheb
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sevda Jafari
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Afshinpour M, Parsi P, Mahdiuni H. Investigation of molecular details of a bacterial cationic amino acid transporter (GkApcT) during arginine transportation using molecular dynamics simulation and umbrella sampling techniques. J Mol Model 2023; 29:260. [PMID: 37479900 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05670-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cationic amino acid transporters (CATs) facilitate arginine transport across membranes and maintain its levels in various tissues and organs, but their overexpression has been associated with severe cancers. A recent study identified the alternating access mechanism and critical residues involved in arginine transportation in a cationic amino acid transporter from Geobacillus kaustophilus (GkApcT). Here, we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods to investigate the transportation mechanism of arginine (Arg) through GkApcT. The results revealed that arginine strongly interacts with specific binding site residues (Thr43, Asp111, Glu115, Lys191, Phe231, Ile234, and Asp237). Based on the umbrella sampling, the main driving force for arginine transport is the polar interactions of the arginine with channel-lining residues. An in-depth description of the dissociation mechanism and binding energy analysis brings valuable insight into the interactions between arginine and transporter residues, facilitating the design of effective CAT inhibitors in cancer cells. METHODS The membrane-protein system was constructed by uploading the prokaryotic CAT (PDB ID: 6F34) to the CHARMM-GUI web server. Molecular dynamics simulations were done using the GROMACS package, version 5.1.4, with the CHARMM36 force field and TIP3P water model. The MM-PBSA approach was performed for determining the arginine binding free energy. Furthermore, the hotspot residues were identified through per-residue decomposition analysis. The characteristics of the channel such as bottleneck radius and channel length were analyzed using the CaverWeb 1.1 web server. The proton wire inside the transporter was investigated based on the classic Grotthuss mechanism. We also investigated the atomistic details of arginine transportation using the path-based free energy umbrella sampling technique (US).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Afshinpour
- Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, P.O. Box, Kermanshah, 67149-67346, Iran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Parinaz Parsi
- Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, P.O. Box, Kermanshah, 67149-67346, Iran
| | - Hamid Mahdiuni
- Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, P.O. Box, Kermanshah, 67149-67346, Iran.
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Gyimesi G, Hediger MA. Transporter-Mediated Drug Delivery. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031151. [PMID: 36770817 PMCID: PMC9919865 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane transport of small organic and inorganic molecules is one of the cornerstones of cellular metabolism. Among transmembrane transporters, solute carrier (SLC) proteins form the largest, albeit very diverse, superfamily with over 400 members. It was recognized early on that xenobiotics can directly interact with SLCs and that this interaction can fundamentally determine their efficacy, including bioavailability and intertissue distribution. Apart from the well-established prodrug strategy, the chemical ligation of transporter substrates to nanoparticles of various chemical compositions has recently been used as a means to enhance their targeting and absorption. In this review, we summarize efforts in drug design exploiting interactions with specific SLC transporters to optimize their therapeutic effects. Furthermore, we describe current and future challenges as well as new directions for the advanced development of therapeutics that target SLC transporters.
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Awasthi A, Kumar N, Mishra A, Ravi R, Dalal A, Shankar S, Chandra R. Noscapine-Amino Acid Conjugates Suppress the Progression of Cancer Cells. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:1292-1304. [PMID: 36524011 PMCID: PMC9745893 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths globally; 1 in 16 people are diagnosed with lung cancer in their lifetime. Microtubules, a critical cytoskeletal assembly, have an essential role in cell division. Interference with the microtubule assembly leads to genetic instability during mitosis and cancer cell death. Currently, available antimitotic drugs such as vincas and taxanes are limited due to side effects such as alopecia, myelosuppression, and drug resistance. Noscapine, an opium alkaloid, is a tubulin-binding agent and can alter the microtubule assembly, causing cancer cell death. Amino acids are fundamental building blocks for protein synthesis, making them essential for the biosynthesis of cancer cells. However, the ability of amino acids in drug transportation has yet to be exploited in developing noscapine analogues as a potential drug candidate for cancer. Hence, in the present study, we have explored the ninth position of noscapine by introducing a hydroxymethylene group using the Blanc reaction and further coupled it with a series of amino acids to construct five target conjugates in good yields. The synthesized amino acid conjugate molecules were biologically evaluated against the A549 lung cancer cell line, among which the noscapine-tryptophan conjugate showed IC50 = 32 μM, as compared to noscapine alone (IC50 = 73 μM). Morphological changes in cancer cells, cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, and ethidium bromide/acridine orange staining indicated promising anticancer properties. Molecular docking confirmed strong binding to tubulin, with a score of -41.47 kJ/mol with all 3D coordinates and significant involvement of molecular forces, including the hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated a stable binding of noscapine-tryptophan conjugate for a prolonged time (100 ns) with the involvement of free energy through the reaction coordinates analyses, solving the bioavailability of parent noscapine to the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amardeep Awasthi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois60611, United States
| | - Abhijeet Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110027, India
| | - Rangnath Ravi
- Department of Chemistry, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110027, India
| | - Anu Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Delhi-110016, India
| | - Saurav Shankar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
- Institute of Nano Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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Metabolomics by NMR Combined with Machine Learning to Predict Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response for Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205055. [PMID: 36291837 PMCID: PMC9600495 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is offered to breast cancer (BC) patients to downstage the disease. However, some patients may not respond to NACT, being resistant. We used the serum metabolic profile by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) combined with disease characteristics to differentiate between sensitive and resistant BC patients. We obtained accuracy above 80% for the response prediction and showcased how NMR can substantially enhance the prediction of response to NACT. Abstract Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is offered to patients with operable or inoperable breast cancer (BC) to downstage the disease. Clinical responses to NACT may vary depending on a few known clinical and biological features, but the diversity of responses to NACT is not fully understood. In this study, 80 women had their metabolite profiles of pre-treatment sera analyzed for potential NACT response biomarker candidates in combination with immunohistochemical parameters using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Sixty-four percent of the patients were resistant to chemotherapy. NMR, hormonal receptors (HR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and the nuclear protein Ki67 were combined through machine learning (ML) to predict the response to NACT. Metabolites such as leucine, formate, valine, and proline, along with hormone receptor status, were discriminants of response to NACT. The glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism was found to be involved in the resistance to NACT. We obtained an accuracy in excess of 80% for the prediction of response to NACT combining metabolomic and tumor profile data. Our results suggest that NMR data can substantially enhance the prediction of response to NACT when used in combination with already known response prediction factors.
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Lu Y, Jiang Z, Wang K, Yu S, Hao C, Ma Z, Fu X, Qin MQ, Xu Z, Fan L. Blockade of the amino acid transporter SLC6A14 suppresses tumor growth in colorectal Cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:833. [PMID: 35907820 PMCID: PMC9339205 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The amino acid transporter SLC6A14, which transports 18 of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids, is too low to be detected in healthy normal tissues but is significantly increased in some solid cancers. However, little is known about the roles of SLC6A14 in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods The mRNA and protein levels of SLC6A14 were detected using TCGA database, real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and tissue microarrays, respectively. Amino acids concentration was determined by LC-MS/MS. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined using MTT assay and flow cytometry. Transwell invasion assay and wound healing assay were employed to analyze cell migration and invasion. The protein levels of Akt-mTOR signaling pathway and MMPs proteins were detected by western blot. Results Both of the mRNA and protein levels of SLC6A14 were upregulated in CRC tissues, and the protein levels of SLC6A14 were closely related to the tumor cells differentiation: the higher the expression of SLC6A14 was, the poorer the differentiation of the tumor cells was. Further knockdown SLC6A14 with siRNA or treatment with α-MT in CRC cell lines reduced cell proliferation and migration in vitro and inhibited xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, SLC6A14 was demonstrated to regulate the expression and phosphorylation of Akt-mTOR, which mediates the promoting tumor growth function of SLC6A14. Blockade of SLC6A14 with α-MT inhibited the activation of mTOR signaling. Conclusion SLC6A14 was upregulated in CRC and could promote tumor progression by activating the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway, which may serve as an effective molecular target for the treatment of CRC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09935-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China. .,Shanghai East Hospital Ji'an Hospital, 80 Ji'an South Road, Ji'an City, 343000, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Ziting Jiang
- Department of Endoscopy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kaijing Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Chongbo Hao
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zuan Ma
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xuelian Fu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Ming Qing Qin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zengguang Xu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Lieying Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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SLC6A14 Depletion Contributes to Amino Acid Starvation to Suppress EMT-Induced Metastasis in Gastric Cancer by Perturbing the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7850658. [PMID: 35865664 PMCID: PMC9296317 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7850658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main obstacle for the treatment of gastric cancer (GC), leading to low survival rate and adverse outcomes in CG patients. SLC6A14, a general amino acid transporter, can import all the essential amino acids in a manner dependent on the NaCl-generated osmotic gradients. Herein, we constructed GC cell sublines with high (SGC7901-M and MKN28-M) and low (MKN28-NM and SGC7901-NM) metastatic ability. Putative functional genes advancing GC metastasis were identified using mRNA microarray analysis and High-Content Screening. In particular, most significant change with a dampening trend in the migration potentiality of GC cells emerged after SLC6A14 gene was silenced. SLC6A14 expression was positively correlated with the migrated capability of different GC cell lines, and SLC6A14 was also constitutively expressed in GC patients with venous or lymphatic invasion, lymph node, or distant metastasis and poor prognosis, thus prompting SLC6A14 as a nonnegligible presence in supporting GC migration and invasion. Consistently, SLC6A14 depletion drastically depressed GC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Most importantly, pharmacological blockade and gene silence of SLC6A14 both restricted epithelial-mesenchymal transition- (EMT-) driven GC metastasis, in which attenuated activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway caused by amino acid starvation was involved. In summary, it is conceivable that targeting SLC6A14 has a tremendous promising for the treatment of metastatic GC.
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McColl ER, Hurtarte M, Piquette-Miller M. Impact of inflammation and infection on the expression of amino acid transporters in the placenta: A minireview. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:DMD-MR-2021-000703. [PMID: 35512807 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid transporters expressed in the placenta help to regulate the transfer of amino acids from maternal to fetal circulation. Nutritional or hormonal factors are known to potentially impact the expression of amino acid transporters in the placenta. A relatively new field of inquiry has also demonstrated that inflammation, whether associated with infection or not, also alters the expression of amino acid transporters in the placenta. Indeed, studies over the past 15 years have demonstrated that malaria, viral and bacterial models of infection, preeclampsia, and direct administration of proinflammatory cytokines can alter placental amino acid transporter expression. While such studies have largely focused on System A and System L transporters, other transporters are also affected. p38 MAPK, STAT3, mTORC1, and AMPK signaling have all been implicated in these changes, but the underlying mechanism(s) remain to be fully elucidated. Furthermore, the implications of such changes warrant further investigation. This review will summarize studies that have investigated the impact of inflammation on placental amino acid transporter expression, identify questions that remain unanswered, and propose future areas of research to advance the field. As amino acid transporters are now being considered for drug targeting and drug delivery, furthering our understanding of the regulation of these transporters during disease states will be of increasing clinical value. Significance Statement While this is a relatively new field of research, multiple studies have demonstrated that inflammation alters placental amino acid transporter expression. This review will serve to summarize, for the first time, studies in this field and identify gaps in current knowledge as research in this area moves beyond identifying changes in transporter expression to investigating the implications of such changes and the mechanisms underlying them.
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Markowicz-Piasecka M, Markiewicz A, Darłak P, Sikora J, Adla SK, Bagina S, Huttunen KM. Current Chemical, Biological, and Physiological Views in the Development of Successful Brain-Targeted Pharmaceutics. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:942-976. [PMID: 35391662 PMCID: PMC9294128 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges with successful pharmaceutical treatments of central nervous system (CNS) diseases is the delivery of drugs into their target sites with appropriate concentrations. For example, the physically tight blood-brain barrier (BBB) effectively blocks compounds from penetrating into the brain, also by the action of metabolizing enzymes and efflux transport mechanisms. However, many endogenous compounds, including both smaller compounds and macromolecules, like amino acids, sugars, vitamins, nucleosides, hormones, steroids, and electrolytes, have their peculiar internalization routes across the BBB. These delivery mechanisms, namely carrier-mediated transport and receptor-mediated transcytosis have been utilized to some extent in brain-targeted drug development. The incomplete knowledge of the BBB and the smaller than a desirable number of chemical tools have hindered the development of successful brain-targeted pharmaceutics. This review discusses the recent advancements achieved in the field from the point of medicinal chemistry view and discusses how brain drug delivery can be improved in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Markowicz-Piasecka
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Markiewicz
- Students Research Group, Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Patrycja Darłak
- Students Research Group, Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Santosh Kumar Adla
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, POB 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry (IOCB), Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Namesti 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sreelatha Bagina
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Finland Oy, Neulaniementie 4, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristiina M. Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, POB 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Huang H, Lou Z, Zheng S, Wu J, Yao Q, Chen R, Kou L, Chen D. Intra-articular drug delivery systems for osteoarthritis therapy: shifting from sustained release to enhancing penetration into cartilage. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:767-791. [PMID: 35261301 PMCID: PMC8920370 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2048130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive chronic inflammation that leads to cartilage degeneration. OA Patients are commonly given pharmacological treatment, but the available treatments are not sufficiently effective. The development of sustained-release drug delivery systems (DDSs) for OA may be an attractive strategy to prevent rapid drug clearance and improve the half-life of a drug at the joint cavity. Such delivery systems will improve the therapeutic effects of anti-inflammatory effects in the joint cavity. Whereas, for disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) which target chondrocytes or act on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the cartilage-permeable DDSs are required to maximize their efficacy. This review provides an overview of joint structure in healthy and pathological conditions, introduces the advances of the sustained-release DDSs and the permeable DDSs, and discusses the rational design of the permeable DDSs for OA treatment. We hope that the ideas generated in this review will promote the development of effective OA drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Huang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zijian Lou
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shimin Zheng
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianing Wu
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qing Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruijie Chen
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Longfa Kou
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Daosen Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Wijaya A, Wang Y, Tang D, Zhong Y, Liu B, Yan M, Jiu Q, Wu W, Wang G. A study of lovastatin and L-arginine co-loaded PLGA nanomedicine for enhancing nitric oxide production and eNOS expression. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:607-624. [PMID: 34994373 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01455b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an exceptional endogenous biological gas that mediates and regulates physiological and pathological processes in the human body. However, its synthesis process is impaired during athero-progression and formation. Hence, a strategy to boost NO production and target endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is crucial and intriguing in atherosclerosis (AS) management. Herein, we prepare L-arginine (LA) and lovastatin (LV) co-loaded PLGA nanomedicine to achieve sustainable release for enhancing NO production. The utilization of LA reveals that LA has dual contributions, acting as a NO donor and enhancing the solubility of LV by stabilizing PLGA NPs. PLGA-LA/LV demonstrated its potential to boost NO in vitro and in vivo confirmed using DAF-FM DA, augment eNOS and p-eNOS mRNA and protein levels, and suppress the ki67 proliferation marker in VSMCs; in addition, it lowers the total cholesterol level of blood plasma in C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, PLGA can protect the compound delivered and enhance the bioavailability to reach and get released in the blood circulation after oral administration. Collectively, our results endow a safe and efficient nanomedicine outcome, specifically with potential for AS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Wijaya
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dan Tang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Boyan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Meng Yan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Quhui Jiu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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13
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Guo L, Shi D, Shang M, Sun X, Meng D, Liu X, Zhou X, Li J. Utilizing RNA nanotechnology to construct negatively charged and ultrasound-responsive nanodroplets for targeted delivery of siRNA. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:316-327. [PMID: 35037525 PMCID: PMC8765274 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2026532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound nanodroplets (NDs) have been reported as a promising nanocarrier for siRNA delivery depending on its unique strengths of sonoporation. Presently, common means for NDs-mediated siRNA delivery is through electrostatic interaction, but challenges like cationic toxicity still exist. In this study, we demonstrated a novel strategy to construct negatively charged and ultrasound (US)-responsive O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMS) NDs as a siRNA targeted delivery system through three-way junction of bacteriophage phi29 DNA packaging motor (3WJ-pRNA) nanotechnology. 39nt A10-3.2 aptamer targeting prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and 21nt siRNA against cationic amino acid transporter 1 (siCAT-1) were annealed to 3WJ-pRNA scaffold via complementation with an extended sequence. The cholesterol molecule attached to one branch facilitates the 3WJ-pRNA nanoparticles anchoring onto NDs. The desired O-CMS NDs with siRNA-loading and RNA-aptamer modification (A10-3.2/siCAT-1/3WJ-NDs) were successfully prepared, which were with spherical shapes, core–shell structures and uniform in sizes (198 nm with PDI 0.3). As a main proportion of shell, O-CMC showed a certain anti-tumor effects. In vitro studies demonstrated that A10-3.2/siCAT-1/3WJ-NDs exhibited good contrast-enhanced US imaging, buffering capacity and high bio-safety, were able to deliver siCAT-1 to PSMA-overexpressed prostate cancer cells under US irradiation, thus silence the CAT-1 expression, and consequently suppressing 22RV1 cell proliferation and migration. Taken overall, our findings provide a promising strategy to develop negatively charged and US-responsive NDs for tumor-targeted siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dandan Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Shang
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Meng
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Wang Y, Qin L, Chen W, Chen Q, Sun J, Wang G. Novel strategies to improve tumour therapy by targeting the proteins MCT1, MCT4 and LAT1. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113806. [PMID: 34517305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Poor selectivity, potential systemic toxicity and drug resistance are the main challenges associated with chemotherapeutic drugs. MCT1 and MCT4 and LAT1 play vital roles in tumour metabolism and growth by taking up nutrients and are thus potential targets for tumour therapy. An increasing number of studies have shown the feasibility of including these transporters as components of tumour-targeting therapy. Here, we summarize the recent progress in MCT1-, MCT4-and LAT1-based therapeutic strategies. First, protein structures, expression, relationships with cancer, and substrate characteristics are introduced. Then, different drug targeting and delivery strategies using these proteins have been reviewed, including designing protein inhibitors, prodrugs and nanoparticles. Finally, a dual targeted strategy is discussed because these proteins exert a synergistic effect on tumour proliferation. This article concentrates on tumour treatments targeting MCT1, MCT4 and LAT1 and delivery techniques for improving the antitumour effect. These innovative tactics represent current state-of-the-art developments in transporter-based antitumour drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Personnel Department, Guang Xi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China
| | - Liuxin Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Guang Xi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guang Xi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China
| | - Qing Chen
- Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guang Xi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guang Xi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China.
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de Salazar L, Segarra I, López-Román FJ, Torregrosa-García A, Pérez-Piñero S, Ávila-Gandía V. Increased Bioavailability of β-Alanine by a Novel Controlled-Release Powder Blend Compared to a Slow-Release Tablet. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1517. [PMID: 34575593 PMCID: PMC8467909 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Alanine is a sport supplement with increasing popularity due to its consistent ability to improve physical performance, with the downside of requiring several weeks of supplementation as imposed to the maximum daily and single dose tolerated without side effects (i.e., paresthesia). To date, the only alternative to overcome this problem has been use of a sustained-release tablet, while powders are the most commonly used format to deliver several grams of amino acids in a single dose. In this study we assessed the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and paresthesia effect of β-alanine after administration in a novel controlled-released powder blend (test) versus a sustained-release tablet (reference). METHODS Twelve subjects (25.6 ± 3.2 y, 50% female) participated in a randomized, single-blind, crossover study. Each participant was administered orally the test (β-alanine 8 g, l-histidine 300 mg, carnosine 100 mg) or the reference product (10 tablets to reach β-alanine 8 g, Zinc 20 mg) with a 1-week washout period. β-Alanine plasma concentrations (0-8 h) were determined by LC-MS/MS and model-independent pharmacokinetic analysis was carried out. Paresthesia intensity was evaluated using a Visual Analog Score (VAS) and the categorical Intensity Sensory Score (ISS). RESULTS The CMAX and AUC0→∞ increased 1.6- and 2.1-fold (both p < 0.001) in the test product, respectively, which yielded 2.1-fold higher bioavailability; Ka decreased in the test (0.0199 ± 0.0107 min-1) versus the reference (0.0299 ± 0.0121 min-1) product (p = 0.0834) as well as V/F and Cl/F (both p < 0.001); MRT0→last increased in the test (143 ± 19 min) versus reference (128 ± 16 min) formulation (p = 0.0449); t1/2 remained similar (test: 63.5 ± 8.7 min, reference: 68.9 ± 9.8 min). Paresthesia EMAX increased 1.7-fold using the VAS (p = 0.086) and the ISS (p = 0.009). AUEC increased 1.9-fold with the VAS (p = 0.107) and the ISS (p = 0.019) reflecting scale intrinsic differences. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis showed a clockwise hysteresis loop without prediction ability between CMAX, AUC0→∞ and EMAX or AUEC. No side effects were reported (except paresthesia). CONCLUSIONS The novel controlled-release powder blend shows 100% higher bioavailability of β-alanine, opening a new paradigm that shifts from chronic to short or mid-term supplementation strategies to increase carnosine stores in sports nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia de Salazar
- Sports Physiology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain; (L.d.S.); (S.P.-P.); (V.Á.-G.)
| | - Ignacio Segarra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain;
- Pharmacokinetics, Patient Care and Translational Bioethics Research Group, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier López-Román
- Health Sciences Department, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Torregrosa-García
- Sports Physiology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain; (L.d.S.); (S.P.-P.); (V.Á.-G.)
- Health Sciences PhD Program, Campus de los Jerónimos N° 135, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Pérez-Piñero
- Sports Physiology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain; (L.d.S.); (S.P.-P.); (V.Á.-G.)
| | - Vicente Ávila-Gandía
- Sports Physiology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain; (L.d.S.); (S.P.-P.); (V.Á.-G.)
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16
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Chen M, Medarova Z, Moore A. Role of microRNAs in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1707-1723. [PMID: 34434499 PMCID: PMC8378762 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary human brain cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a set of small endogenous non-coding RNA molecules which play critical roles in different biological processes including cancer. The realization of miRNA regulatory functions in GBM has demonstrated that these molecules play a critical role in its initiation, progression and response to therapy. In this review we discuss the studies related to miRNA discovery and function in glioblastoma. We first summarize the typical miRNAs and their roles in GBM. Then we debate the potential for miRNA-based therapy for glioblastoma, including various delivery strategies. We surmise that future directions identified by these studies will point towards the necessity for therapeutic development and optimization to improve the outcomes for patients with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Zdravka Medarova
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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17
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Lu X, Peng B, Chen G, Pes MG, Ribback S, Ament C, Xu H, Pal R, Rodrigues PM, Banales JM, Evert M, Calvisi DF, Chen X, Fan B, Wang J. YAP Accelerates Notch-Driven Cholangiocarcinogenesis via mTORC1 in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1651-1667. [PMID: 34129844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a lethal malignant neoplasm with limited therapeutic options. Previous studies have found that Notch1 overexpression alone suffices to induce iCCA in the mouse, albeit after long latency. The current study found that activation of the Yes-associated protein (Yap) proto-oncogene occurs during Notch1-driven iCCA progression. After co-expressing activated Notch1 intracellular domain (Nicd) and Yap (YapS127A) in the mouse liver, rapid iCCA formation and progression occurred in Nicd/Yap mice. Mechanistically, an increased expression of amino acid transporters and activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway was detected in Nicd/Yap mouse liver tumors. Significantly, the genetic deletion of Raptor, the major mTORC1 component, completely suppressed iCCA development in Nicd/Yap mice. Elevated expression of Notch1, YAP, amino acid transporters, and members of the mTORC1 pathway was also detected ubiquitously in a collection of human iCCA specimens. Their levels were associated with a poor patient outcome. This study demonstrates that Notch and YAP concomitant activation is frequent in human cholangiocarcinogenesis. Notch and YAP synergize to promote iCCA formation by activating the mTORC1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun Lu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Baogang Peng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Chen
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mario G Pes
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Silvia Ribback
- Institute of Pathology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Cindy Ament
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Liver Surgery, Center of Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Rajesh Pal
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Biao Fan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Jingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California; School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming with heterogeneity is a hallmark of cancer and is at the basis of malignant behaviors. It supports the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells according to the low nutrition and hypoxic microenvironment. Tumor cells frantically grab energy sources (such as glucose, fatty acids, and glutamine) from different pathways to produce a variety of biomass to meet their material needs via enhanced synthetic pathways, including aerobic glycolysis, glutaminolysis, fatty acid synthesis (FAS), and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). To survive from stress conditions (e.g., metastasis, irradiation, or chemotherapy), tumor cells have to reprogram their metabolism from biomass production towards the generation of abundant adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and antioxidants. In addition, cancer cells remodel the microenvironment through metabolites, promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Herein, we discuss how the metabolism is reprogrammed in cancer cells and how the tumor microenvironment is educated via the metabolic products. We also highlight potential metabolic targets for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huakan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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19
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Lou D, Lou Z, Lin Y, Shangguan H, Lin Y, Luo Q, Zhang H, Lin G, Chen R, Kou L, Bao S. ATB 0,+-targeted delivery of triptolide prodrugs for safer and more effective pancreatic cancer therapy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 33:127728. [PMID: 33346010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP) is a diterpene epoxide component extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii and has been shown to possess an impressive anticancer effect. However, TP has not yet entered any clinic trials due to the severe adverse effects that resulted from the off-target absorption and distribution found in animal studies. In this study, we designed and synthesized three amino acids (tryptophan, valine, and lysine) based TP prodrugs to target ATB0,+ which are highly expressed in pancreatic cancer cells for more effective pancreatic cancer therapy. The stability, uptake profiles, uptake mechanism, and cancer-killing ability were studied in vitro. All three prodrugs showed increased uptake and enhanced cytotoxicity in pancreatic cancer cells, but not in normal pancreatic cells. The difference in killing effect on normal and cancer cells was attributed to pancreatic cancer over-expressed ATB0,+-mediated uptake. Specifically, tryptophan-conjugated TP prodrug (TP-Trp) showed the highest uptake and the best cancer cell killing effect, considered as the best candidate. The present study provided the proof-of-concept of exploiting TP prodrug to target ATB0,+ for pancreatic cancer-selective delivery and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zijian Lou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yuanzhen Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Hao Shangguan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yujie Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou 325027, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Qiuhua Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou 325027, China; Department of Children's Respiration Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Guangyong Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ruijie Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Longfa Kou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Shihui Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou 325027, China.
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20
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Yao K, Liu D, Liang M, Brennan CS, Brennan M. Detection of nitrite degradation by
Lactobacillus plantarum
DMDL9010 through the anaerobic respiration electron transport chain using proteomic analysis. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yao
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology 381 Wushan Road Guangzhou Guangdong510640China
| | - Dong‐mei Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology 381 Wushan Road Guangzhou Guangdong510640China
| | - Ming‐hua Liang
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology 381 Wushan Road Guangzhou Guangdong510640China
| | - Charles S. Brennan
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology 381 Wushan Road Guangzhou Guangdong510640China
- Centre for Food Research and Innovation Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences Lincoln University Lincoln85084New Zealand
| | - Margaret Brennan
- Centre for Food Research and Innovation Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences Lincoln University Lincoln85084New Zealand
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21
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Scalise M, Console L, Rovella F, Galluccio M, Pochini L, Indiveri C. Membrane Transporters for Amino Acids as Players of Cancer Metabolic Rewiring. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092028. [PMID: 32899180 PMCID: PMC7565710 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells perform a metabolic rewiring to sustain an increased growth rate and compensate for the redox stress caused by augmented energy metabolism. The metabolic changes are not the same in all cancers. Some features, however, are considered hallmarks of this disease. As an example, all cancer cells rewire the amino acid metabolism for fulfilling both the energy demand and the changed signaling routes. In these altered conditions, some amino acids are more frequently used than others. In any case, the prerequisite for amino acid utilization is the presence of specific transporters in the cell membrane that can guarantee the absorption and the traffic of amino acids among tissues. Tumor cells preferentially use some of these transporters for satisfying their needs. The evidence for this phenomenon is the over-expression of selected transporters, associated with specific cancer types. The knowledge of the link between the over-expression and the metabolic rewiring is crucial for understanding the molecular mechanism of reprogramming in cancer cells. The continuous growth of information on structure-function relationships and the regulation of transporters will open novel perspectives in the fight against human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (F.R.); (M.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Lara Console
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (F.R.); (M.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Filomena Rovella
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (F.R.); (M.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Michele Galluccio
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (F.R.); (M.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Lorena Pochini
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (F.R.); (M.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (F.R.); (M.G.); (L.P.)
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM) via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09-8449-2939
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