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Wei M, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu X, Li X, Zheng X. Employing Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) for Microscale Investigation of Interfaces and Interactions in Membrane Fouling Processes: New Perspectives and Prospects. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:35. [PMID: 38392662 PMCID: PMC10890076 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Membrane fouling presents a significant challenge in the treatment of wastewater. Several detection methods have been used to interpret membrane fouling processes. Compared with other analysis and detection methods, atomic force microscopy (AFM) is widely used because of its advantages in liquid-phase in situ 3D imaging, ability to measure interactive forces, and mild testing conditions. Although AFM has been widely used in the study of membrane fouling, the current literature has not fully explored its potential. This review aims to uncover and provide a new perspective on the application of AFM technology in future studies on membrane fouling. Initially, a rigorous review was conducted on the morphology, roughness, and interaction forces of AFM in situ characterization of membranes and foulants. Then, the application of AFM in the process of changing membrane fouling factors was reviewed based on its in situ measurement capability, and it was found that changes in ionic conditions, pH, voltage, and even time can cause changes in membrane fouling morphology and forces. Existing membrane fouling models are then discussed, and the role of AFM in predicting and testing these models is presented. Finally, the potential of the improved AFM techniques to be applied in the field of membrane fouling has been underestimated. In this paper, we have fully elucidated the potentials of the improved AFM techniques to be applied in the process of membrane fouling, and we have presented the current challenges and the directions for the future development in an attempt to provide new insights into this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North West Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Yaozhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North West Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North West Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North West Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
- Yulin Coal Chemical Waste Resource Utilization and Low Carbon Environmental Protection Engineering Technology Research Center, Yulin High-tech Zone Yuheng No. 1 Industrial Sewage Treatment Co., Ltd., Yulin 719000, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North West Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North West Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
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Jafari E, Malayeri MR, Brückner H, Weimer T, Krebs P. Innovative spiral electrode configuration for enhancement of electrocoagulation-flotation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119085. [PMID: 37757685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The performance of electrocoagulation-flotation (ECF) process can profoundly be affected by the reactor design and electrode configuration. These may, in turn, influence the removal efficiency, flow hydrodynamic, floc formation, and flotation/settling characteristics. The present work aimed at developing a new spiral electrode configuration to enhance the ECF process. To do so, the impacts of parameters such as energy consumption, removal efficiency of the contaminants from industrial wastewater with a composition of turbidity, emulsified oil, and heavy metals (Si, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Cd), as well as stirring speed and foaming have been investigated. Comparison was also made between the experimental results of the new electrode configuration with the conventional rectangular cell with plate electrode configuration with the same volume and electrode surface area. The findings revealed that energy consumption of the spiral electrode configuration within the operating times of 10, 20, 30, 32, 48, and 70 min, was approximately 20% lower compared to that of the conventional ECF. Moreover, the maximum and minimum removal efficiency of 97% and 60% were obtained for turbidity and TOC for the stirring speed of 500 rpm and Reynolds number of 10,035, respectively. Finally, the formed gas bubbles tilted toward the center due to the enhanced flow hydrodynamic which resulted in substantial reduction of foam formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Jafari
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - M Reza Malayeri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiraz University, Iran.
| | - Heike Brückner
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Weimer
- Department of Research and Development, Spiraltec GmbH, Germany
| | - Peter Krebs
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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Selvaraj D, Dhayabaran NK, Mahizhnan A. An insight on pollutant removal mechanisms in phycoremediation of textile wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:124714-124734. [PMID: 35708812 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pollutants, including dyes and heavy metals from textile industrial discharge, adversely affect the surface and groundwater resources, and pose a severe risk to the living organisms in the ecosystem. Phycoremediation of wastewater is now an emerging trend, as it is colossally available, inexpensive, eco-friendly, and has many other benefits, with high removal efficiency for undesirable substances, when compared to conventional treatment methods. Algae have a good binding affinity toward nutrients and toxic compounds because of various functional groups on its cell surface by following the mechanisms such as biosorption, bioaccumulation, or alternate biodegradation pathway. Algae-based treatments generate bioenergy feedstock as sludge, mitigate CO2, synthesize high-value-added products, and release oxygenated effluent. Algae when converted into activated carbon also show good potential against contaminants, because of its higher binding efficiency and surface area. This review provides an extensive analysis of different mechanisms involved in removal of undesirable and hazardous substances from textile wastewater using algae as green technology. It could be founded that both biosorption and biodegradation mechanisms were responsible for the removal of dye, organic, and inorganic pollutants. But for the heavy metals removal, biosorption results in higher removal efficiency. Overall, phycoremediation is a convenient technique for substantial conserving of energy demand, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and removing pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgadevi Selvaraj
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, India
| | - Navamani Kartic Dhayabaran
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, India
| | - Arivazhagan Mahizhnan
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, India.
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4
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Wu G, Tham PE, Chew KW, Munawaroh HSH, Tan IS, Wan-Mohtar WAAQI, Sriariyanun M, Show PL. Net zero emission in circular bioeconomy from microalgae biochar production: A renewed possibility. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 388:129748. [PMID: 37714493 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The rapid expansion of industrialization and continuous population growth have caused a steady increase in energy consumption. Despite using renewable energy, such as bioethanol, to replace fossil fuels had been strongly promoted, however the outcomes were underwhelming, resulting in excessive greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Microalgal biochar, as a carbon-rich material produced from the pyrolysis of biomass, provides a promising solution for achieving net zero emission. By utilizing microalgal biochar, these GHG emissions can be captured and stored efficiently. It also enhances soil fertility, improves water retention, and conduct bioremediation in agriculture and environmental remediation field. Moreover, incorporating microalgal biochar into a zero-waste biorefinery could boost the employ of biomass feedstocks effectively to produce valuable bioproducts while minimizing waste. This contributes to sustainability and aligns with the concepts of a circular bioeconomy. In addition, some challenges like commercialization and standardization will be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
| | - Pei En Tham
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh
- Study Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Science Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jalan Dr. Setiabudi 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia
| | - Inn Shi Tan
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, Miri, Sarawak 98009, Malaysia
| | - Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Malinee Sriariyanun
- Biorefinery and Process Automation Engineering Center, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Shakhbout Bin Sultan St - Zone 1, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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5
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Deepika C, Wolf J, Roles J, Ross I, Hankamer B. Sustainable Production of Pigments from Cyanobacteria. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 183:171-251. [PMID: 36571616 DOI: 10.1007/10_2022_211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pigments are intensely coloured compounds used in many industries to colour other materials. The demand for naturally synthesised pigments is increasing and their production can be incorporated into circular bioeconomy approaches. Natural pigments are produced by bacteria, cyanobacteria, microalgae, macroalgae, plants and animals. There is a huge unexplored biodiversity of prokaryotic cyanobacteria which are microscopic phototrophic microorganisms that have the ability to capture solar energy and CO2 and use it to synthesise a diverse range of sugars, lipids, amino acids and biochemicals including pigments. This makes them attractive for the sustainable production of a wide range of high-value products including industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and animal-feed supplements. The advantages of cyanobacteria production platforms include comparatively high growth rates, their ability to use freshwater, seawater or brackish water and the ability to cultivate them on non-arable land. The pigments derived from cyanobacteria and microalgae include chlorophylls, carotenoids and phycobiliproteins that have useful properties for advanced technical and commercial products. Development and optimisation of strain-specific pigment-based cultivation strategies support the development of economically feasible pigment biorefinery scenarios with enhanced pigment yields, quality and price. Thus, this chapter discusses the origin, properties, strain selection, production techniques and market opportunities of cyanobacterial pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Deepika
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Juliane Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John Roles
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian Ross
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ben Hankamer
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Inostroza C, El Bahraoui N, Rivera-Tinoco R, Acién FG. Uses of electro-coagulation-flocculation (ECF) for the pre-concentration of microalgae biomass. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Biodiesel Production through Acid Catalyst In Situ Reactive Extraction of Chlorella vulgaris Foamate. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15124482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A method of biodiesel production from the freshwater microalgae Chlorella vulgaris based on the conversion of the dewatered algal biomass from a foam column (“foamate”) was investigated. The foam column collected and concentrated the microalgae. The foam was generated by passing air through a pool of algae, to which a collector/surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) had been added. To produce biodiesel, the resultant “foamate” was esterified in situ using sulfuric acid and methanol. The effect of reaction temperature (30–70 °C), reaction time (30–120 min) and methanol/oil molar ratio (100–1000), were examined in a single-stage extraction–transesterification experiment on biodiesel yield at concentration of the catalyst H2SO4/oil molar ratio of (8.5/1). The thermodynamics and kinetics of transesterification of the microalgae oil were also investigated. The maximum biodiesel yield (96 ± 0.2%) was obtained at a reaction temperature of 70 °C, a reaction time of 90 min and methanol/oil molar ratio of 1000/1. Reaction kinetic parameters were determined that fitted the experimental data at all temperatures. A reversible reaction with first order forward and second order backward kinetics were found to be a good match for the experimental results. The kinetic model fitted experiments well under various temperatures and methanol/oil mole ratios. Under the most suitable conditions of reaction temperature, reaction time and methanol/oil molar ratio, the apparent activation energy was found to be 18.7 kJ/mol and pre-exponential factor 51.4 min−1. The activation entropy (ΔS), change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) and variation in activation enthalpy (ΔH) revealed that the transesterification reaction is endergonic and unspontaneous, while the endothermic nature of the reaction was confirmed by the positive value (16.6 kJ/mol) of the ΔH. The thermodynamic information and kinetic model reported here will provide valuable insight into the understanding of the in situ transesterification process from algae foamate to biodiesel.
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Kumar N, Banerjee C, Negi S, Shukla P. Microalgae harvesting techniques: updates and recent technological interventions. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 43:342-368. [PMID: 35168457 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2031089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microalgal biomass has garnered attention as a renewable and sustainable resource for producing biodiesel. The harvesting of microalgal biomass is a significant bottleneck being faced by the industries as it is the crucial cost driver in the downstream processing of biomass. Bioharvesting of microalgal biomass mediated by: microbial, animal, and plant-based polymeric flocculants has gained a higher probability of utility in accumulation due to: its higher dewatering potential, less toxicity, and ecofriendly properties. The present review summarizes the key challenges and the technological advancements associated with various such harvesting techniques. The economic and technical aspects of different microalgal harvesting techniques, particularly the cationic polymeric flocculant-based harvesting of microalgal biomass, are also discussed. Furthermore, interactions of flocculants with microalgal biomass and the effects of these interactions on metabolite and lipid extractions are discussed to offer a promising solution for suitability in selecting the most efficient and economical method of microalgal biomass harvesting for cost-effective biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niwas Kumar
- Algal Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, India
| | - Chiranjib Banerjee
- Algal Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, India.,Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, India
| | - Sangeeta Negi
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.,Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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9
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Biological-Based Produced Water Treatment Using Microalgae: Challenges and Efficiency. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14010499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Produced water (PW) is the most significant waste stream generated in the oil and gas industries. The generated PW has the potential to be a useful water source rather than waste. While a variety of technologies can be used for the treatment of PW for reuse, biological-based technologies are an effective and sustainable remediation method. Specifically, microalgae, which are a cost-effective and sustainable process that use nutrients to eliminate organic pollutants from PW during the bioremediation process. In these treatment processes, microalgae grow in PW free of charge, eliminate pollutants, and generate clean water that can be recycled and reused. This helps to reduce CO2 levels in the atmosphere while simultaneously producing biofuels, other useful chemicals, and added-value products. As such, this review focuses on PW generation in the oil and gas industry, PW characteristics, and examines the available technologies that can be used for PW remediation, with specific attention to algal-based technologies. In addition, the various aspects of algae growth and cultivation in PW, the effect of growth conditions, water quality parameters, and the corresponding treatment performance are presented. Lastly, this review emphasizes the bioremediation of PW using algae and highlights how to harvest algae that can be processed to generate biofuels for added-value products as a sustainable approach.
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10
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Demir-Yilmaz I, Guiraud P, Formosa-Dague C. The contribution of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in microalgae studies: A review. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Evans CT, Baldock SJ, Hardy JG, Payton O, Picco L, Allen MJ. A Non-Destructive, Tuneable Method to Isolate Live Cells for High-Speed AFM Analysis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040680. [PMID: 33806176 PMCID: PMC8066395 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Suitable immobilisation of microorganisms and single cells is key for high-resolution topographical imaging and study of mechanical properties with atomic force microscopy (AFM) under physiologically relevant conditions. Sample preparation techniques must be able to withstand the forces exerted by the Z range-limited cantilever tip, and not negatively affect the sample surface for data acquisition. Here, we describe an inherently flexible methodology, utilising the high-resolution three-dimensional based printing technique of multiphoton polymerisation to rapidly generate bespoke arrays for cellular AFM analysis. As an example, we present data collected from live Emiliania huxleyi cells, unicellular microalgae, imaged by contact mode High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy (HS-AFM), including one cell that was imaged continuously for over 90 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Evans
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK;
- Interface Analysis Centre, Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK;
| | - Sara J. Baldock
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK; (S.J.B.); (J.G.H.)
| | - John G. Hardy
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK; (S.J.B.); (J.G.H.)
- Materials Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Oliver Payton
- Interface Analysis Centre, Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK;
| | - Loren Picco
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Michael J. Allen
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK;
- Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road EX4 4QD, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-1752-633100
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12
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Novel Insights into the Biotechnological Production of Haematococcus pluvialis-Derived Astaxanthin: Advances and Key Challenges to Allow Its Industrial Use as Novel Food Ingredient. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin shows many biological activities. It has acquired a high economic potential and its current market is dominated by its synthetic form. However, due to the increase of the health and environmental concerns from consumers, natural forms are now preferred for human consumption. Haematococcus pluvialis is artificially cultured at an industrial scale to produce astaxanthin used as a dietary supplement. However, due to the high cost of its cultivation and its relatively low biomass and pigment productivities, the astaxanthin extracted from this microalga remains expensive and this has probably the consequence of slowing down its economic development in the lower added-value market such as food ingredient. In this review, we first aim to provide an overview of the chemical and biochemical properties of astaxanthin, as well as of its natural sources. We discuss its bioavailability, metabolism, and biological activities. We present a state-of-the-art of the biology and physiology of H. pluvialis, and highlight novel insights into the biotechnological processes which allow optimizing the biomass and astaxanthin productivities. We are trying to identify some lines of research that would improve the industrial sustainability and economic viability of this bio-production and to broaden the commercial potential of astaxanthin produced from H. pluvialis.
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de Souza Sossella F, Rempel A, Monroe Araújo Nunes J, Biolchi G, Migliavaca R, Farezin Antunes AC, Vieira Costa JA, Hemkemeier M, Colla LM. Effects of harvesting Spirulina platensis biomass using coagulants and electrocoagulation-flotation on enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123526. [PMID: 32446238 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the harvesting of Spirulina platensis using coagulants and electrocoagulation-flotation (ECF) and to evaluate its influence on enzymatic hydrolysis. Using nine chemical coagulants, we obtained a biomass harvesting efficiency of up to 99.5%. Using ECF, the harvesting efficiency at the aluminum and carbon electrode was 98%-99% and 33.8%-86.9%, respectively. Hydrolysis efficiency (HE) with amylases varied from 17% to 42%, and the degree of hydrolysis (DH) with proteases varied from 1.26% to 4.07%, compared with an HE of 31% and a DH of 3.57% in the centrifuged biomass. Compared to an HE of 61.75% for the centrifuged biomass, and HE of 99% and 85.46% was obtained for the biomass harvested using the aluminum and carbon electrodes. The HEs with the electrodes were better than those with the alternative methods and centrifugation; hence, with some optimization, the biomass harvested could be used for enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine de Souza Sossella
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Civil Engineering, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul 99052 900, Brazil
| | - Alan Rempel
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Civil Engineering, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul 99052 900, Brazil
| | - Janayna Monroe Araújo Nunes
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul 99052 900, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Biolchi
- Chemical Engineering Course, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul 99052 900, Brazil
| | - Regina Migliavaca
- Enviromental Engineering Course, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul 99052 900, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul 99052 900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Hemkemeier
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul 99052 900, Brazil
| | - Luciane Maria Colla
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Civil Engineering, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul 99052 900, Brazil.
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Estrada-Graf A, Hernández S, Morales M. Biomitigation of CO 2 from flue gas by Scenedesmus obtusiusculus AT-UAM using a hybrid photobioreactor coupled to a biomass recovery stage by electro-coagulation-flotation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:28561-28574. [PMID: 32130637 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The microalga Scenedesmus obtusiusculus AT-UAM efficiently captured CO2 from two flue gas streams in a hybrid photobioreactor located in a greenhouse. Uptake rates of CO2, NO, and SO2 from a formulated gas stream were 160.7 mg L-1 day-1, 0.73 mg L-1 day-1, and 1.56 mg L-1 day-1, respectively, with removal efficiencies of 100% for all gases. Exhaust gases of a motor generator were also removed with uptake rates of 111.4 mg L-1 day-1, 0.42 mg L-1 day-1, and 0.98 mg L-1 day-1, obtaining removal efficiencies of 77%, 71%, and 53% for CO2, NOx, and SO2, respectively. On average, 61% of the CO2 from both flue gas streams was assimilated as microalgal biomass. The maximum CO2 uptake rate of 182 mg L-1 day-1 was achieved for formulated flue gas flow rate above 100 mL min-1. The biomass recovery of 88% was achieved using a 20-L electro-coagulation-flotation chamber coupled to a settler with a low specific power consumption of 0.27 kWh kg-1. The photobioreactor was operated for almost 7 months without contamination of invasive species or a decrease in the activity. It is a very encouraging result for long-term operation in flue gas treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Estrada-Graf
- Maestría en Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Colonia Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, 05300, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Hernández
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Colonia Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, 05300, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcia Morales
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Colonia Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, 05300, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Pandey A, Shah R, Yadav P, Verma R, Srivastava S. Harvesting of freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus sp. by electro-coagulation-flocculation for biofuel production: effects on spent medium recycling and lipid extraction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3497-3507. [PMID: 31832955 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in recent times for microalgae as a sustainable energy source. However, efficient harvesting of microalgal biomass for various industrial applications is still considered a bottleneck. The present study attempts to evaluate microalgae Scenedesmus sp. harvesting using electro-coagulation-flocculation (ECF). Plackett-Burman design was exploited to explore the significant process parameters, whereas Taguchi's array design was employed for optimization. The optimal conditions were optimized as initial pH 5.0, electrolysis time 15 min, electrode distance 2 cm, sedimentation time 60 min, and current density 12 mA cm-2 for complete harvesting. Under optimum conditions, the energy utilization and the operation cost of ECF process was estimated to be 2.65 kWh kg-1 and USD 0.29 kg-1, respectively. Thus, ECF-based microalgae harvesting was found as a low-cost technique. In addition, neutralizing pH and supplementing macro- and micronutrients enabled the flocculated medium to maintain an approximate growth yield in algal cultivation to that of the fresh BG11 medium. ECF did not affect the amount of microalgal lipids (28.6 ± 1.2, % wt.), chlorophyll a (8.3 ± 0.3 μg mL-1), and fatty acid methyl ester composition (C15:0, C16:0, C17:0, and C18:0) as well. These results strongly recommend ECF as the most appropriate and promising method for harvesting Scenedesmus sp. for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P., 211004, India
| | - Ruchi Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P., 211004, India
| | - Papita Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P., 211004, India
| | - Reshu Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P., 211004, India
| | - Sameer Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P., 211004, India.
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Roy M, Mohanty K. A comprehensive review on microalgal harvesting strategies: Current status and future prospects. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Khoo KS, Lee SY, Ooi CW, Fu X, Miao X, Ling TC, Show PL. Recent advances in biorefinery of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 288:121606. [PMID: 31178260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis is one of the most abundant sources of natural astaxanthin as compared to others microorganism. Therefore, it is important to understand the biorefinery of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis, starting from the cultivation stage to the downstream processing of astaxanthin. The present review begins with an introduction of cellular morphologies and life cycle of H. pluvialis from green vegetative motile stage to red non-motile haematocyst stage. Subsequently, the conventional biorefinery methods (e.g., mechanical disruption, solvent extraction, direct extraction using vegetable oils, and enhanced solvent extraction) and recent advanced biorefinery techniques (e.g., supercritical CO2 extraction, magnetic-assisted extraction, ionic liquids extraction, and supramolecular solvent extraction) were presented and evaluated. Moreover, future prospect and challenges were highlighted to provide a useful guide for future development of biorefinery of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis. The review aims to serve as a present knowledge for researchers dealing with the bioproduction of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sze Ying Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chien Wei Ooi
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Xiaoting Fu
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiaoling Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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