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Golzari-Sorkheh M, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC. Development and function of FOXP3+ regulators of immune responses. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:13-22. [PMID: 37085947 PMCID: PMC10324550 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3) protein is an essential transcription factor for the development and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs), involved in the maintenance of immunological tolerance. Although extensive research over the last decade has investigated the critical role of FOXP3+ cells in preserving immune homeostasis, our understanding of their specific functions remains limited. Therefore, unveiling the molecular mechanisms underpinning the up- and downstream transcriptional regulation of and by FOXP3 is crucial for developing Treg-targeted therapeutics. Dysfunctions in FOXP3+ Tregs have also been found to be inherent drivers of autoimmune disorders and have been shown to exhibit multifaceted functions in the context of cancer. Recent research suggests that these cells may also be involved in tissue-specific repair and regeneration. Herein, we summarize current understanding of the thymic-transcriptional regulatory landscape of FOXP3+ Tregs, their epigenetic modulators, and associated signaling pathways. Finally, we highlight the contributions of FOXP3 on the functional development of Tregs and reflect on the clinical implications in the context of pathological and physiological immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Carlos Zúñiga-Pflücker
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Zheng R, Xie J, Li W, Shang J, Shi Z, Zhu S, Gui L, Huang L, Shu L, Liu D, Gong Y, Li X, Chai W, Huang X, Wu X, Yue J. MiR-223-3p affects the proliferation and apoptosis of HCAECs in Kawasaki disease by regulating the expression of FOXP3. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e939. [PMID: 37506144 PMCID: PMC10373572 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kawasaki disease (KD) can lead to permanent damage to coronary structures, the pathogenesis of which remains unknown. This experiment was designed to investigate whether miR-223-3p secreted in the serum of KD patients affects the proliferation and apoptosis of HCAECs in KD by regulating FOXP3. METHODS Blood samples were collected in acute febrile phase of KD, after IVIG treatment, and from healthy controls. Transfected into HCAECs cells by synthetic FOXP3 siRNA/NC. A co-culture system was established between HCAECs cells transfected with FOXP3 siRNA/NC and THP1 cells added with three sera. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the expressions of miR-223-3p, RORγt, and Th17 in serum of KD patients were significantly upregulated, and the expressions of TGF-β1, FOXP3 and Treg were significantly downregulated. At the same time, the levels of IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23 were significantly increased, and the levels of IL-10 and FOXP3 were significantly decreased. After IVIG treatment, the patient's above results were reversed. The serum of KD patients increased the expression of miR-223-3p and inhibited the expression of FOXP3 in HCAECs cells. IVIG serum is the opposite. Overexpression of miR-223-3p also promoted the apoptosis of HCAECs. In addition, serum from KD patients promoted apoptosis, whereas serum after IVIG treatment inhibited apoptosis. KD patient serum downregulated the expression of FOXP3, Bcl2, TGF-β1 and IL-10 in cells, and upregulated the expression of caspase3, Bax, IL-17, IL-6, and IL-23. The opposite results were obtained with IVIG-treated sera. CONCLUSION miR-223-3p secreted in serum of KD patients can regulate the expression of FOXP3 and affect the proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghao Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Immunology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Immunology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Weijie Li
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Immunology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianping Shang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Immunology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuliang Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Songbai Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Immunology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Gui
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Immunology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Immunology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Shu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Immunology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Donglei Liu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Immunology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Immunology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Immunology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanxia Chai
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Immunology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofen Huang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Immunology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, and Immunology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yue
- Emergency Department, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Zhang Y, Liu H, Ai T, Xia W, Chen T, Zhang L, Luo X, Duan Y. A delayed diagnosis of atypical immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25174. [PMID: 33761697 PMCID: PMC9281912 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, and X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is a rare monogenic autoimmune disease, which is caused by mutations in the forkhead box protein 3 gene, can affect various systems. The typical clinical manifestations of IPEX are enteropathy, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and skin diseases. However, some atypical phenotypes can easily be misdiagnosed clinically. PATIENT CONCERNS A 9-year-and-7-month old patient suffered from recurrent wheezing, hematochezia, and eczematous dermatitis at the age of six months, but did not have any manifestations of autoimmune endocrinopathy. The patient was treated with glucocorticoids for more than six years, and he developed bronchiectasis. DIAGNOSIS Whole exome sequencing revealed a hemizygous pathogenic mutation c.1010G>A, p. (Arg337Gln) in Forkhead box protein 3 gene (NM_014009.3). INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated with oral mycophenolate mofetil combined with inhaled budesonide formoterol for six months after diagnosis. OUTCOMES The respiratory symptoms of the patient seemed to be controlled but eczematous dermatitis progressed, which led the patient to give up the treatment. CONCLUSION Early diagnosis and treatment of IPEX are crucial. Lung injury may be a major problem in the later stages of atypical IPEX, and mycophenolate mofetil seems to control the respiratory symptoms, but could induce significant skin side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital
| | - Hanmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Tao Ai
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital
| | - Wanmin Xia
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital
| | | | - Lei Zhang
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital
| | - Xiulan Luo
- West China University Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Yaping Duan
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital
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Rubin L, Shamriz O, Toker O, Kadish E, Ribak Y, Talmon A, Hershko AY, Tal Y. Allergic-like disorders and asthma in patients with common variable immunodeficiency: a multi-center experience. J Asthma 2021; 59:476-483. [PMID: 33297810 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2020.1862185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Common variable immune deficiency (CVID) encompasses a variety of diseases characterized by disturbed immunoglobulin (Ig) production and various immune dysregulations. Scarce data are available regarding relationships between CVID and allergic diseases. Here we examined possible associations between allergies and CVID. METHODS For this multicenter study, we prospectively enrolled 79 adult CVID patients (≥18 years) who were diagnosed and treated between 2002-2017 at the Hadassah-Hebrew University and Shaare Zedek Medical Centers, Jerusalem, Israel. These patients were examined for allergic manifestations. Patient evaluation comprised medical history, physical examination, skin allergen testing, complete blood count, serum immunoglobulins, IgE levels, and pulmonary function tests. RESULTS After implementing exclusion criteria, 29 patients were included in the final analysis. Allergic-like disorders were diagnosed in 65% of CVID patients with non-elevated serum IgE levels. Moreover, allergic CVID patients exhibited a higher prevalence of bronchiectasis on chest CT. Autoimmunity was diagnosed in 41.3% of CVID subjects. The type I allergy detected in our study was non-IgE mediated. CONCLUSIONS Timely diagnosis and stratification of allergy in CVID patients is expected to improve their outcome and quality of life, as well as promote appropriate treatment and better management of pulmonary exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limor Rubin
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Oded Shamriz
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ori Toker
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ela Kadish
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaarit Ribak
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aviv Talmon
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alon Y Hershko
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Tal
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Grajewski RS, Barahmand Pour N, Burian K, Caramoy A, Kirchhof B, Cursiefen C, Heindl LM. Analysis of the impact of allergy and atopy on new onset of uveitis. Acta Ophthalmol 2017; 95:e236-e241. [PMID: 27682154 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The inappropriate immune response to harmless foreign and self-antigens is a common feature of allergy, atopy and autoimmune disease. The influence of environmental factors in the initiation of autoimmunity is not well understood. It is conceivable that immune responses to allergens may also serve as a trigger of bystander immune reactions, including autoimmunity such as uveitis. Therefore, we wanted to investigate the prevalence of allergies and atopy in patients with different types of uveitis in comparison to a control cohort. METHODS In total, 530 consecutive patients with new-onset anterior, intermediate, posterior and panuveitis were compared to a non-uveitis control cohort consisting of 1.060 consecutive new-referral patients who attended our specialized outpatient clinics for other reasons than uveitis. Allergy and atopy status as well as demographic data (age, gender and ethnicity) were obtained by standardized interviewer-assisted questionnaires. RESULTS Uveitis case cohort and control cohort did not differ significantly in the allergy status (p = 0.910), such as the history of pollen allergy (p = 0.671), history of drug allergy (p = 0.920), history of food allergy (p = 0.941), history of house dust mite allergy (p = 0.197) or history of other allergens (p = 0.593), nor in the atopy status (p = 0.802), such as the history of atopic dermatitis (p = 0.365), history of asthma (p = 0.430) or history of allergic rhinitis (p = 0.115). CONCLUSIONS Our results argue against a substantial influence of allergies and atopy on the onset of uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katja Burian
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Albert Caramoy
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Bernd Kirchhof
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Ludwig M. Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
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Eftekharian MM, Sayad A, Omrani MD, Ghannad MS, Noroozi R, Mazdeh M, Mirfakhraie R, Movafagh A, Roshanaei G, Azimi T, Inoko H, Taheri M. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the FOXP3 gene are associated with increased risk of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Hum Antibodies 2017; 24:85-90. [PMID: 27792007 DOI: 10.3233/hab-160299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune multifactorial disease with unknown etiology, various genetic and environmental factors are known to contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. OBJECTIVE Recent studies have confirmed that the suppressive function of regulatory T cells (T (reg)) is impaired in MS patients and that the FOXP3 gene is a crucial transcription factor in the regulation of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells. Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the FOXP3 gene may alter the gene expression level and, therefore, contribute to the disease susceptibility. METHODS The present study aimed to investigate the possible association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs3761548 and rs2232365 in the FOXP3 gene and predisposition to MS. We conducted a case-control study on 410 patients with sporadic MS and 446 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS Significant differences in distribution of both rs3761548 and rs2232365 A allele were found in MS patients in comparison to controls. Haplotype frequencies were also different among the studied groups. The A-A and C-G haplotype blocks showed a significant difference between case and controls. CONCLUSION we have provided further evidence for the association between genetic variations and haplotypes in FOXP3 and MS in Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Eftekharian
- Faculty of Paramedicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Arezou Sayad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Labbafi Nejad Educational Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Sabouri Ghannad
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Labbafi Nejad Educational Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Noroozi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdokht Mazdeh
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Labbafi Nejad Educational Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mirfakhraie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Movafagh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghodratollah Roshanaei
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Tahereh Azimi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hidetoshi Inoko
- Modeling of No communicable diseases Research center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Labbafi Nejad Educational Hospital, Tehran, Iran
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Pesenacker AM, Cook L, Levings MK. The role of FOXP3 in autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 43:16-23. [PMID: 27544816 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
FOXP3 controls the development and function of T regulatory cells (Tregs). Autoimmunity is linked to changes in FOXP3 activity that can occur at multiple levels and lead to Treg dysfunction. For example, changes in IL-2 signaling, FOXP3 transcription and/or post-translational modifications can all contribute to loss of self-tolerance. As additional pathways of FOXP3 regulation are elucidated, new therapeutic approaches to increase Treg activity either by cell therapy or pharmacological intervention are being tested. Early success from pioneering studies of Treg-based therapy in transplantation has promoted the undertaking of similar studies in autoimmunity, with emerging evidence for the effectiveness of these approaches, particularly in the context of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Pesenacker
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laura Cook
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Megan K Levings
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Khor B. Regulatory T Cells: Central Concepts from Ontogeny to Therapy. Transfus Med Rev 2016; 31:36-44. [PMID: 27523957 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The balanced differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into either pro- or anti-inflammatory fates is a central regulator of immune homeostasis, dysregulation of which can lead to inflammatory disease or cancer. Accordingly, the development of diagnostics and therapeutics to measure and modulate this balance is of great interest. In this review, we focus on the predominant anti-inflammatory subset, regulatory T cells, discussing key concepts including development, function, antigen specificity, and lineage stability. In particular, we highlight how these notions are shaping the evolution of therapeutics, especially in the context of the transfusion medicine specialist, and identify several key areas that urgently need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Khor
- Department of Pathology, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
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