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Fiore MC, Baker TB. Ten Million Calls and Counting: Progress and Promise of Tobacco Quitlines in the U.S. Am J Prev Med 2021; 60:S103-S106. [PMID: 33663696 PMCID: PMC8189745 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Fiore
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Timothy B Baker
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
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Dahne J, Wahlquist AE, Garrett-Mayer E, Heckman BW, Cummings KM, Carpenter MJ. State Tobacco Policies as Predictors of Evidence-Based Cessation Method Usage: Results From a Large, Nationally Representative Dataset. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 20:1336-1343. [PMID: 29059345 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Evidence-based cessation methods including nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), non-NRT medications, quitlines, and behavioral treatments are underutilized by smokers attempting to quit. Although a number of studies have demonstrated a relationship between state-level tobacco policies (eg, taxation, appropriations) and cessation, whether such state-level factors influence likelihood of using an evidence-based treatment is unclear. Accordingly, the aims of the present study were: (1) to describe evidence-based cessation method utilization by state and (2) to examine the effect of state-level factors on cessation method utilization above and beyond individual-level predictors. Methods Data were utilized from the 2010-2011 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS). Participants included 9232 smokers who reported a past-year quit attempt. Data on 11 state-level predictors were collated from national datasets. Analyses were based on: (1) descriptive characterization of quit method usage, (2) logistic regression models to determine state-level factors as predictors of quit method utilization, controlling for individual-level predictors, (3) cluster analyses grouping states with similar state-level factors, and (4) examination of cluster as a predictor of cessation method. Results Tobacco control appropriations significantly predicted NRT, quitline, and behavioral treatment utilization. Additional state-level factors that demonstrated significant relationships included Medicaid coverage of non-NRT medications and behavioral treatment, tobacco tax rate, smoking prevalence, and percentage of population uninsured. State clustering significantly predicted quit method across all four methods. Conclusions State-level factors influence the likelihood of residents utilizing evidence-based quit methods. Results are discussed in terms of implications for tobacco policy at the state level. Implications Results from the present study highlight state tobacco control appropriations as a robust predictor of evidence-based cessation method utilization. Other significant state-level predictors of evidence-based cessation method utilization included Medicaid coverage of non-NRT medications and behavioral treatment, tobacco tax rate, smoking prevalence, and percentage of population uninsured. Moreover, state-level predictors clustered together to significantly predict evidence-based cessation method utilization. Thus, increasing tobacco control appropriations, extending health insurance coverage, maximizing revenue from tobacco taxation and tobacco settlements, and ultimately decreasing smoking prevalence are important targets for individual states to promote utilization of evidence-based cessation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Dahne
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC
| | - Amy E Wahlquist
- Department of Public Health Sciences, MUSC, Charleston, SC.,Hollings Cancer Center, MUSC, Charleston, SC
| | - Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, MUSC, Charleston, SC.,Hollings Cancer Center, MUSC, Charleston, SC
| | - Bryan W Heckman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC.,Hollings Cancer Center, MUSC, Charleston, SC
| | - K Michael Cummings
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC.,Department of Public Health Sciences, MUSC, Charleston, SC.,Hollings Cancer Center, MUSC, Charleston, SC
| | - Matthew J Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC.,Department of Public Health Sciences, MUSC, Charleston, SC.,Hollings Cancer Center, MUSC, Charleston, SC
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Dahne J, Wahlquist AE, Garrett-Mayer E, Heckman BW, Michael Cummings K, Carpenter MJ. The differential impact of state tobacco control policies on cessation treatment utilization across established tobacco disparities groups. Prev Med 2017; 105:319-325. [PMID: 28987337 PMCID: PMC5662127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco control policies are effective in promoting quit attempts and increase the likelihood that smokers use evidence-based cessation treatments (e.g., nicotine replacement therapies (NRT), non-NRT medications, behavioral treatment, and/or quitlines). However, what is less clear is how these policies might differentially impact different groups of smokers, perhaps in some cases even widening disparities in the use of evidence-based tobacco dependence treatments. This paper examined how different state-level tobacco control policies impact the use of evidence-based cessation treatments by race/ethnicity, gender, socio-economic status (SES), age, and smoking history. Participants included 9110 adult smokers reporting a past-year quit attempt within the 2010-2011 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey. Lasso regression modeling was used to identify a subset of interactions between tobacco policies and individual smoker characteristics that predicted use of evidence-based cessation treatment. Significant interactions were fitted via participant-weighted generalized linear models to determine effect sizes and relations to each cessation treatment outcome. Results highlighted that various state level tobacco control policies differentially impacted the reported use of both prescription and non-prescription stop smoking medications by race/ethnicity, age, and SES. The relationship between state level tobacco control policies and the use of behavioral treatments and quitlines did not differ by smoker characteristics. In sum, tobacco control policies differentially impact the use of FDA approved stop smoking medications across different race/ethnicity, age, and SES groups. Understanding such effects can help to target interventions to ensure equal access to evidence-based tobacco dependence treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Dahne
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Amy E Wahlquist
- Department of Public Health Sciences, MUSC, Charleston, SC, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, MUSC, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, MUSC, Charleston, SC, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, MUSC, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bryan W Heckman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, MUSC, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - K Michael Cummings
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, MUSC, Charleston, SC, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, MUSC, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Matthew J Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, MUSC, Charleston, SC, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, MUSC, Charleston, SC, USA
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Sharma R, Shewade HD, Gopalan B, Badrel RK, Rana JS. Earned print media in advancing tobacco control in Himachal Pradesh, India: a descriptive study. BMJ Glob Health 2017; 2:e000208. [PMID: 28589021 PMCID: PMC5435264 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Union-Bloomberg Initiative tobacco control projects were implemented in Himachal Pradesh (a hilly state in North India) from 2007 to 2014. The project focused on the establishment of an administrative framework; increasing the capacity of stakeholders; enforcement of legislation; coalition and networking with multiple stakeholders; awareness generation with focus on earned media and monitoring and evaluation with policy-focussed research. This study aimed to systematically analyse all earned print news items related to the projects. METHODS In this cross-sectional descriptive study, quantitative content analysis of earned print news items was carried out using predetermined codes related to areas of tobacco control policies. We also carried out a cost description of the hypothetical value of this earned media. The area of the news item in cm2 was multiplied by the average rate of space for the paid news item in that particular newspaper. RESULTS There were 6348 news items: the numbers steadily increased with time. Focus on Monitoring tobacco use, Protecting people from tobacco smoke, Offering help to quit, Warning about dangers of tobacco, Enforcing a ban on tobacco advertising and promotion, Raising tax on tobacco products was seen in 24, 17, 9, 23, 22 and 3% of news items, respectively. Press releases were highest at 44% and report by correspondents at 24%. Further, 55, 23 and 21% news items focused on smoking, smokeless and both forms of tobacco use, respectively. Sixty-six per cent and 34% news items, respectively, were focused on youth and women. The news items had a hypothetical value of US$1503 628.3, which was three times more than the funds spent on all project activities. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of funding for paid media, the project strategically used earned media to promote tobacco control policies in the state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Sharma
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
| | - Hemant Deepak Shewade
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
| | - Balasubramaniam Gopalan
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Jugdeep Singh Rana
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
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Effect of nicotine replacement therapy on quitting by young adults in a trial comparing cessation services. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2015; 20:E7-E15. [PMID: 24458316 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0b013e3182a0b8c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Young adult smokers have the highest smoking prevalence among all US age groups but are least likely to use evidence-based cessation counseling or medication to quit. OBJECTIVE Use and effectiveness of nicotine patch were explored in a randomized trial evaluating smoking cessation interventions with this population. PARTICIPANTS Smokers aged 18 to 30 (n = 3094) were recruited through online and off-line methods and from telephone quit lines and analyzed. DESIGN Smokers were enrolled in a pretest-posttest trial, and randomized to 1 of 3 cessation services. SETTING Trial delivering counseling services by self-help booklet, telephone quit lines, or online expert system in the 48 continental United States. INTERVENTION Smokers could request a free 2-week course of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches from the project. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Follow-up surveys at 12 and 26 weeks assessed smoking abstinence, use of NRT, counseling, and other cessation medications, and smoking-related variables. RESULTS Overall, 69.0% of smokers reported using NRT (M = 3.2 weeks) at 12 weeks and 74.8% (M = 3.3 weeks) at 26 weeks. More smokers who were sent the free nicotine patches (n = 1695; 54.8%) reported using NRT than those who did not receive them (12 weeks: 84.3% vs 41.9%, P < .001; 26 weeks: 87.6% vs 51.1%, P < .001). The use of NRT was associated with greater smoking abstinence at 12 weeks (P < .001) and 26 weeks (P < .05), especially if used for more than 2 weeks (P < .001). Smokers assigned to a self-help booklet or cessation Web site and heavier smokers were most likely to use NRT (P < .05), whereas those reporting marijuana use and binge drinking used NRT less (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Many young adults were willing to try NRT, and it appeared to help them quit in the context of community-based cessation services. Strategies should be developed to make NRT available to this age group and support them in using it to prevent lifelong smoking.
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Keller PA, Greenseid LO, Christenson M, Boyle RG, Schillo BA. Seizing an opportunity: increasing use of cessation services following a tobacco tax increase. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:354. [PMID: 25880373 PMCID: PMC4411932 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco tax increases are associated with increases in quitline calls and reductions in smoking prevalence. In 2013, ClearWay MinnesotaSM conducted a six-week media campaign promoting QUITPLAN® Services (QUITPLAN Helpline and quitplan.com) to leverage the state’s tax increase. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the association of the tax increase and media campaign on call volumes, web visits, and enrollments in QUITPLAN Services. Methods In this observational study, call volume, web visits, enrollments, and participant characteristics were analyzed for the periods June–August 2012 and June–August 2013. Enrollment data and information about media campaigns were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis to determine the association of the tax increase on QUITPLAN Services while controlling for media. Results There was a 160% increase in total combined calls and web visits, and an 81% increase in enrollments in QUITPLAN Services. Helpline call volumes and enrollments declined back to prior year levels approximately six weeks after the tax increase. Visits to and enrollments in quitplan.com also declined, but increased again in mid-August. The tax increase and media explained over 70% of variation in enrollments in the QUITPLAN Helpline, with media explaining 34% of the variance and the tax increase explaining an additional 36.1% of this variance. However, media explained 64% of the variance in quitplan.com enrollments, and the tax increase explained an additional 7.6% of this variance. Conclusions Since tax increases occur infrequently, these policy changes must be fully leveraged as quickly as possible to help reduce prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A Keller
- ClearWay Minnesota, 8011 34th Avenue South, Suite 400, Minneapolis, MN, 55425, USA.
| | - Lija O Greenseid
- Professional Data Analysts, Inc, St. Anthony Main, 219 Main Street SE, Suite 302, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA.
| | - Matthew Christenson
- Professional Data Analysts, Inc, St. Anthony Main, 219 Main Street SE, Suite 302, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA.
| | - Raymond G Boyle
- ClearWay Minnesota, 8011 34th Avenue South, Suite 400, Minneapolis, MN, 55425, USA.
| | - Barbara A Schillo
- ClearWay Minnesota, 8011 34th Avenue South, Suite 400, Minneapolis, MN, 55425, USA.
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Zhang Z, Zheng X, Zeng DD, Leischow SJ. Information seeking regarding tobacco and lung cancer: effects of seasonality. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117938. [PMID: 25781020 PMCID: PMC4364309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper conducted one of the first comprehensive international Internet analyses of seasonal patterns in information seeking concerning tobacco and lung cancer. Search query data for the terms "tobacco" and "lung cancer" from January 2004 to January 2014 was collected from Google Trends. The relevant countries included the USA, Canada, the UK, Australia, and China. Two statistical approaches including periodogram and cross-correlation were applied to analyze seasonal patterns in the collected search trends and their associations. For these countries except China, four out of six cross-correlations of seasonal components of the search trends regarding tobacco were above 0.600. For these English-speaking countries, similar patterns existed in the data concerning lung cancer, and all cross-correlations between seasonal components of the search trends regarding tobacco and that regarding lung cancer were also above 0.700. Seasonal patterns widely exist in information seeking concerning tobacco and lung cancer on an international scale. The findings provide a piece of novel Internet-based evidence for the seasonality and health effects of tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel Dajun Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Management Information Systems, The University of Arizona, Tucson, United States of America
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Griffin E, Moon G, Barnet R. Examining the significance of urban-rural context in tobacco quitline use: does rurality matter? Int J Public Health 2014; 60:327-33. [PMID: 25523137 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-014-0634-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the importance of urban-rural context as a determinant of call rates to smoking cessation lines. METHODS This study used individual level New Zealand Quitline call data from 2005 to 2009, and 2006 New Zealand Census data on smoking to calculate Quitline call rates for smokers. Negative binomial regression examined the relationship between call rates and a sevenfold urban-rural classification, controlling for age, sex, ethnicity and deprivation. RESULTS We found a significant urban-rural gradient in the rate of smokers calling Quitline. Rates were highest among smokers in main-urban areas [0.09 (95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.089, 0.091)] decreasing with successive urban-rural classifications to the lowest rate in rural/remote areas [0.036 (95 % CI = 0.03, 0.04)]. This association was not confounded by age, sex, ethnicity or deprivation. CONCLUSIONS Smokers in rural areas are less likely to use the New Zealand Quitline, even after controlling for confounding factors. This suggests that the national quitline is less effective in reaching rural smokers and more attention to the promotion of smoking cessation in rural communities is needed.
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Saul JE, Bonito JA, Provan K, Ruppel E, Leischow SJ. Implementation of tobacco cessation quitline practices in the United States and Canada. Am J Public Health 2014; 104:e98-105. [PMID: 25122024 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined relationships between implementation of tobacco quitline practices, levels of evidence of practices, and quitline reach and spending. METHODS In June and July 2009, a total of 176 quitline funders and providers in the United States and Canada completed a survey on quitline practices, in particular quitline-level implementation for the reported practices. From these data, we selected and categorized evidence-based and emerging quitline practices by the strength of the evidence for each practice to increase quitline efficacy and reach. RESULTS The proportion of quitlines implementing each practice ranged from 3% (text messaging) to 92% (providing a multiple-call protocol). Implementation of practices showing higher levels of evidence for increasing either reach or efficacy showed moderate but significant positive correlations with both reach outcomes and spending levels. The strongest correlation was between reach outcomes and spending levels (r=0.80; P<.01). CONCLUSIONS The strong relationship between quitline spending and reach reinforces the need to increase quitline funding to levels commensurate with national cessation goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie E Saul
- Jessie E. Saul is with the Research Department, North American Quitline Consortium, Phoenix, AZ. Joseph A. Bonito is with the Department of Communication, College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson. At the time of the study, Keith Provan was with the Center for Management Innovations in Health Care, School of Government & Public Policy, University of Arizona, Tucson. Erin Ruppel is with the Department of Communication, College of Letters and Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Scott J. Leischow is with the Mayo Clinic-Arizona, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Scottsdale
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Farrelly M, Mann N, Watson K, Pechacek T. The influence of television advertisements on promoting calls to telephone quitlines. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2013; 28:15-22. [PMID: 23221593 DOI: 10.1093/her/cys113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the relative effectiveness of cessation, secondhand smoke and other tobacco control television advertisements in promoting quitlines in nine states from 2002 through 2005. Quarterly, the number of individuals who used quitlines per 10 000 adult smokers in a media market are measured. Negative binomial regression analysis was used to link caller rates to market-level exposure to tobacco control television advertisements overall and by message theme. The relationship between caller rates and advertising exposure was positive and statistically significant (P < 0.001). Advertisements that focus on promoting cessation (P < 0.001), highlighting the dangers of secondhand smoke (P = 0.037), and all other tobacco countermarketing advertisements (P = 0.027) were significantly associated with quitline caller rates. For every 10% increase in exposure to cessation, secondhand smoke and other tobacco countermarketing advertisements, caller rates increased by 1.1, 0.2 and 0.4%, respectively. Caller rates significantly increased in quarters when cigarette excise tax increased (P < 0.001) and when the percentage of the population covered by comprehensive smoke-free air laws increased (P = 0.022). Although advertisements promoting cessation are the most effective in driving quitline use, other topics, such as messages highlighting the dangers of secondhand smoke, also prompt their quitlines.
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Search query data to monitor interest in behavior change: application for public health. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48158. [PMID: 23110198 PMCID: PMC3479111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for effective interventions and policies that target the leading preventable causes of death in the U.S. (e.g., smoking, overweight/obesity, physical inactivity). Such efforts could be aided by the use of publicly available, real-time search query data that illustrate times and locations of high and low public interest in behaviors related to preventable causes of death.
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McClure JB, Riggs KR, St John J, Cerutti B, Zbikowski S. Understanding oral health promotion needs and opportunities of tobacco quitline callers. Public Health Rep 2012; 127:401-6. [PMID: 22753983 PMCID: PMC3366377 DOI: 10.1177/003335491212700408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Improving oral health and oral health care are important public health goals. Tobacco users and smokers are at particularly high risk for oral disease and warrant targeted intervention efforts. We assessed the need for and acceptability of targeting tobacco quitline callers for an oral health promotion intervention. METHODS We surveyed 816 Washington State Quitline callers to assess their oral health, relevant self-care behaviors, and interest in oral health promotion intervention. RESULTS Most respondents were female, cigarette smokers, of low socioeconomic status, with no dental insurance. Of the respondents, 79.3% (n=647) had some or all of their natural teeth (e.g., dentate); however, most of these respondents failed to meet recommendations for daily oral hygiene (brushing and flossing) (83.9%, n=543) and had no dental visits in the past year (52.6%, n=340). Similar findings were observed among respondents with no insurance. Many respondents were interested in learning more about how to improve their oral health (57.4%, n=468), willing to speak with a quitline coach about improving their oral health (48.2%, n=393), and open to receiving additional oral health information by mail (62.7%, n=512) or the Internet (50.0%, n=408). People who were receptive to learning how to improve their oral health were significantly more likely to be nonwhite, have a low income, have no dental insurance, and not have visited a dentist in the past year. CONCLUSION There is a need and an opportunity to target quitline callers for oral health promotion services, as those most in need of these services were open to receiving them.
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Thrasher JF, Murukutla N, Pérez-Hernández R, Alday J, Arillo-Santillán E, Cedillo C, Gutierrez JP. Linking mass media campaigns to pictorial warning labels on cigarette packages: a cross-sectional study to evaluate effects among Mexican smokers. Tob Control 2012; 22:e57-65. [PMID: 22752271 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the effects of pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) and a linked media campaign in Mexico. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from a population-based sample of 1756 adult smokers, aged 18-55 years, during the initial implementation of pictorial HWLs, which some smokers had seen on cigarette packages while others had seen only the text-based HWLs. Exposure to the campaign and pictorial HWLs was assessed with aided recall methods, and other questions addressed attention and cognitive impact of HWLs, knowledge related to HWL and campaign content, and quit-related thoughts and behaviours. Logistic and linear regression models were estimated to determine associations between key outcomes and intervention exposure. RESULTS In bivariate and multivariate adjusted models, recall of pictorial HWLs and of the campaign were positively associated with greater attention to and cognitive impact of HWLs, whereas only pictorial HWL exposure was associated with having refrained from smoking due to HWLs. Both recall of pictorial HWLs and of the campaign were independently associated with greater knowledge of secondhand smoke harms and toxic tobacco constituents. Smokers who recalled only the pictorial HWLs were more likely to try to quit than smokers who recalled neither the pictorial HWLs nor the campaign (17% vs 6%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Consistent with other studies, adult smokers' exposure to new pictorial HWLs in Mexico was associated with psychosocial and behavioural responses related to quit behaviour. Exposure to the complementary media campaign was associated with independent additive effects on campaign-related knowledge, and it enhanced psychosocial responses to pictorial HWLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Thrasher
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Bush T, Zbikowski S, Mahoney L, Deprey M, Mowery PD, Magnusson B. The 2009 US federal cigarette tax increase and quitline utilization in 16 states. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 2012:314740. [PMID: 22649463 PMCID: PMC3356941 DOI: 10.1155/2012/314740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND On April 1, 2009, the federal cigarette excise tax increased from 39 cents to $1.01 per pack. METHODS This study describes call volumes to 16 state quitlines, characteristics of callers and cessation outcomes before and after the tax. RESULTS Calls to the quitlines increased by 23.5% in 2009 and more whites, smokers ≥ 25 years of age, smokers of shorter duration, those with less education, and those who live with smokers called after (versus before) the tax. Quit rates at 7 months did not differ before versus after tax. CONCLUSIONS Descriptive analyses revealed that the federal excise tax on cigarettes was associated with increased calls to quitlines but multivariate analyses revealed no difference in quit rates. However, more callers at the same quit rate indicates an increase in total number of successful quitters. If revenue obtained from increased taxation on cigarettes is put into cessation treatment, then it is likely future excise taxes would have an even greater effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Bush
- Alere Wellbeing (Formerly Free & Clear, Inc.), Seattle, WA 98104-1139, USA.
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Zhu SH, Lee M, Zhuang YL, Gamst A, Wolfson T. Interventions to increase smoking cessation at the population level: how much progress has been made in the last two decades? Tob Control 2012; 21:110-8. [PMID: 22345233 PMCID: PMC3446870 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the literature on smoking cessation interventions, with a focus on the last 20 years (1991 to 2010). These two decades witnessed major development in a wide range of cessation interventions, from pharmacotherapy to tobacco price increases. It was expected that these interventions would work conjointly to increase the cessation rate on the population level. This paper examines population data from the USA, from 1991 to 2010, using the National Health Interview Surveys. Results indicate there is no consistent trend of increase in the population cessation rate over the last two decades. Various explanations are presented for this lack of improvement, and the key concept of impact = effectiveness × reach is critically examined. Finally, it suggests that the field of cessation has focused so much on developing and promoting interventions to improve smokers' odds of success that it has largely neglected to investigate how to get more smokers to try to quit and to try more frequently. Future research should examine whether increasing the rate of quit attempts would be key to improving the population cessation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hong Zhu
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0905, USA.
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Schillo BA, Mowery A, Greenseid LO, Luxenberg MG, Zieffler A, Christenson M, Boyle RG. The relation between media promotions and service volume for a statewide tobacco quitline and a web-based cessation program. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:939. [PMID: 22177237 PMCID: PMC3299703 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This observational study assessed the relation between mass media campaigns and service volume for a statewide tobacco cessation quitline and stand-alone web-based cessation program. METHODS Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify how weekly calls to a cessation quitline and weekly registrations to a web-based cessation program are related to levels of broadcast media, media campaigns, and media types, controlling for the impact of external and earned media events. RESULTS There was a positive relation between weekly broadcast targeted rating points and the number of weekly calls to a cessation quitline and the number of weekly registrations to a web-based cessation program. Additionally, print secondhand smoke ads and online cessation ads were positively related to weekly quitline calls. Television and radio cessation ads and radio smoke-free law ads were positively related to web program registration levels. There was a positive relation between the number of web registrations and the number of calls to the cessation quitline, with increases in registrations to the web in 1 week corresponding to increases in calls to the quitline in the subsequent week. Web program registration levels were more highly influenced by earned media and other external events than were quitline call volumes. CONCLUSION Overall, broadcast advertising had a greater impact on registrations for the web program than calls to the quitline. Furthermore, registrations for the web program influenced calls to the quitline. These two findings suggest the evolving roles of web-based cessation programs and Internet-use practices should be considered when creating cessation programs and media campaigns to promote them. Additionally, because different types of media and campaigns were positively associated with calls to the quitline and web registrations, developing mass media campaigns that offer a variety of messages and communicate through different types of media to motivate tobacco users to seek services appears important to reach tobacco users. Further research is needed to better understand the complexities and opportunities involved in simultaneous promotion of quitline and web-based cessation services.
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Patten CA, Smith CM, Brockman TA, Decker PA, Hughes CA, Nadeau AM, Sinicrope PS, Offord KP, Lichtenstein E, Zhu SH. Support-person promotion of a smoking quitline: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Prev Med 2011; 41:17-23. [PMID: 21665059 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quitlines and other evidence-based cessation treatments are greatly underutilized by smokers, limiting their public health impact. Social support is correlated with successful cessation. Thus, efforts targeting the social network of smokers could be a potential avenue to promote quitline utilization. PURPOSE This study examined the efficacy of an intervention for nonsmokers interested in helping a smoker (i.e., support people) to promote smoker utilization of the Minnesota QUITPLAN(®) Helpline. Data were collected from 2007 to 2010, and analyses were conducted from 2010 to 2011. DESIGN Two-group randomized design evaluating the support-person intervention (n=267) compared with a control condition (written materials, n=267). SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Enrolled were 534 support people (91% female, 93% Caucasian) residing in Minnesota. INTERVENTION Written materials plus three weekly telephone sessions lasting 10-30 minutes each. Based on Cohen's theory of social support, the intervention provided participants with information and skills needed to encourage their smoker to call the QUITPLAN Helpline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants completed the Support Provided Measure (SPM) by mail at baseline and Week 4 (end-of-treatment). Helpline intake staff documented smoker calls to the Helpline through 6 months of follow-up. RESULTS The proportion of calls to the Helpline was significantly (p=0.012) greater for smokers linked to support people in the intervention group (16.1%, 43/267) than in the control group (8.6%, 23/267). The treatment effect remained significant after adjusting for support person residing with the smoker (OR=2.04, 95% CI=1.19, 3.49, p=0.010). Among support people randomly assigned to the intervention group, greater number of sessions completed was associated with increased smokers' calls to the Helpline (p=0.004). After adjusting for the baseline score, the M±SD SPM score at Week 4 was significantly higher for support people in the intervention group (16.4±3.3) than for those in the control group (15.3±3.6), p=0.002. CONCLUSIONS A support-person intervention is effective in increasing smoker utilization of the QUITPLAN Helpline. There is potential for increasing the reach of quitlines by targeting the social network of smokers. TRIAL REGISTRATION #: NCT01311830.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christi A Patten
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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A process evaluation of tobacco-related outcomes from a telephone and print-delivered intervention for motor freight workers. Addict Behav 2010; 35:1036-9. [PMID: 20605073 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Interventions are needed to address the high prevalence of tobacco use among blue-collar, motor freight workers in the United States. In the present study, we conducted an evaluation of the Gear Up for Health study to evaluate which intervention components associated with this print- and telephone counseling-based tobacco intervention were associated with affecting psychosocial indicators of future quitting, number of quit attempts, and quitting tobacco. The sample is comprised of 64 baseline tobacco users. The intervention components evaluated were receipt of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), aspects of the counseling calls, the targeted and tailored print materials, and goal setting. The results indicated that several intervention components were related to tobacco cessation, and less frequently related to psychosocial indicators (i.e. intention and self-efficacy) and quit attempts. A higher percentage of those who quit using tobacco, versus not quitting, thought the number of calls were just right (100% vs. 75%), received NRT (87% vs. 56%), read most or all of the materials (100% vs. 70%), found the materials to be very helpful (87% vs. 30%), set tobacco goals (93% vs. 58%) and met these goals (100% vs. 44%) (p</=0.05 for all). These results may be used in planning future interventions and indicated that perceptions of materials, call number, and call content may be more important than absolute call number or duration. Thus, the number and duration of counseling calls may be flexible and determined in response to the needs of participants.
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Building consumer demand for tobacco-cessation products and services: The national tobacco cessation collaborative's consumer demand roundtable. Am J Prev Med 2010; 38:S307-11. [PMID: 20176301 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Revised: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Orleans CT, Mabry PL, Abrams DB. Increasing tobacco cessation in America: A consumer demand perspective. Am J Prev Med 2010; 38:S303-6. [PMID: 20176300 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Tracy Orleans
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA.
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