1
|
The effects of lipoic acid on respiratory diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116. [PMCID: PMC9933494 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases, including lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, and the recently emerging fatal coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), are the leading causes of illness and death worldwide. The increasing incidence and mortality rates have attracted much attention to the prevention and treatment of these conditions. Lipoic acid (LA), a naturally occurring organosulfur compound, is not only essential for mitochondrial aerobic metabolism but also shows therapeutic potential via certain pharmacological effects (e.g., antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects). In recent years, accumulating evidence (animal experiments and in vitro studies) has suggested a role of LA in ameliorating many respiratory diseases (e.g., lung cancer, fibrosis, asthma, acute lung injury and smoking-induced lung injury). Therefore, this review will provide an overview of the present investigational evidence on the therapeutic effect of LA against respiratory diseases in vitro and in vivo. We also summarize the corresponding mechanisms of action to inspire further basic studies and clinical trials to confirm the health benefits of LA in the context of respiratory diseases.
Collapse
Key Words
- lipoic acid
- respiratory diseases
- antioxidation
- anti-inflammatory effects
- mechanism of action
- akt, protein kinase b;
- aif, apoptosis-inducing factor;
- ampk, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase;
- α-sma, alpha-smooth muscle actin;
- bcl-2, b-cell lymphoma 2;
- cox-2, cyclooxygenase-2;
- dna, deoxyribonucleic acid;
- er, endoplasmic reticulum;
- erk, extracellular-regulated kinase;
- egfr, epidermal growth factor receptor;
- gr, glutathione reductase;
- gpx, glutathione peroxidase;
- grb2, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2;
- gsh, reduced glutathione;
- gssg, oxidized glutathione;
- hif, hypoxia-inducible factor;
- ho-1, heme oxygenase 1;
- keap-1, kelch-like ech-associated protein 1;
- ig-e, immunoglobulin e;
- il, interleukin
- oct-4, octamer-binding transcription factor 4;
- parp-1, poly (adp-ribose) polymerase-1;
- pdk1, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1;
- pdh, pyruvate dehydrogenase;
- pi3k, phosphoinositide 3-kinase;
- pge2, prostaglandin e2;
- pgc1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor‑γ co-activator 1α;
- p70s6k, p70 ribosomal protein s6 kinase;
- fak, focal adhesion kinase;
- sod, superoxide dismutase;
- mapk, mitogen-activated protein kinase;
- mtor, mammalian target of rapamycin;
- nf-κb, nuclear factor-kappa b;
- no, nitric oxide;
- nox-4, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) oxidase-4;
- nqo1, nadph quinone oxidoreductase 1;
- tnf-α, tumor necrosis factor-α;
- tgf-β1, transforming growth factor beta-1;
- vegf, vascular endothelial growth factor;
Collapse
|
2
|
Pongsuwan K, Kusirisin P, Narongkiattikhun P, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Mitochondria and vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease: Lessons learned from the past to improve future therapy. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4369-4396. [PMID: 36183389 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) is a common complication of CKD Stages 3-5. Hyperphosphatemia is one of the major metabolic components of CKD-MBD, frequently resulting in vascular calcification (VC) in advanced-stage patients. Also, a long duration of renal replacement therapy can cause the worsening of VC, leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Vascular smooth muscle cells play an important role in the development of VC through osteochondrogenic transformation and the apoptotic process. It has been shown that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved with CKD progression, and excessive oxidative stress can aggravate osteoblastic transformation and VC. Currently, novel interventions targeting mitochondrial function and dynamics, in addition to mitochondrial antioxidants, have been studied with the aim of attenuating VC. This review aims to comprehensively summarize and discuss the experimental and clinical reports concerning mitochondrial studies, along with the purpose of interventions that can improve the outcomes of VC among CKD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karn Pongsuwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Prit Kusirisin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Phoom Narongkiattikhun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Multiple protective mechanisms of alpha-lipoic acid in oxidation, apoptosis and inflammation against hydrogen peroxide induced toxicity in human lymphocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 403:179-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
4
|
Sawant DA, Wilson RL, Tharakan B, Stagg HW, Hunter FA, Childs EW. Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced microvascular endothelial cell hyperpermeability: role of intrinsic apoptotic signaling. J Physiol Biochem 2014; 70:971-80. [PMID: 25392259 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-014-0366-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a pro-apoptotic cytokine, is involved in vascular hyperpermeability, tissue edema, and inflammation. We hypothesized that TNF-α induces microvascular hyperpermeability through the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. Rat lung microvascular endothelial cells grown on Transwell inserts, chamber slides, or dishes were treated with recombinant TNF-α (10 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of a caspase-3 inhibitor, Z-DEVD-FMK (100 μM). Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-albumin (5 mg/ml) was used as a marker of monolayer permeability. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined using dihydrorhodamine 123 and mitochondrial transmembrane potential using JC-1. The adherens junction integrity and actin cytoskeletal organization were studied using β-catenin immunofluorescence and rhodamine phalloidin, respectively. Caspase-3 activity was measured fluorometrically. The pretreatment with Z-DEVD-FMK (100 μM) attenuated TNF-α-induced (10 ng/ml) disruption of the adherens junctions, actin stress fiber formation, increased caspase-3 activity, and monolayer hyperpermeability (p < 0.05). TNF-α (10 ng/ml) treatment resulted in increased mitochondrial ROS formation and decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Intrinsic apoptotic signaling-mediated caspase-3 activation plays an important role in regulating TNF-α-induced endothelial cell hyperpermeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devendra A Sawant
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ng VWK, Avti PK, Bédard M, Lam T, Rouleau L, Tardif JC, Rhéaume É, Lesage F, Kakkar A. Miktoarm star conjugated multifunctional gold nanoshells: synthesis and an evaluation of biocompatibility and cellular uptake. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:6334-6344. [PMID: 32262150 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00722k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A simple and highly versatile click chemistry based synthetic strategy to develop an ABC type miktoarm star ligand that is conjugated to gold nanoshells (GNS) is reported. The surface functionalized multifunctional GNS contain lipoic acid (LA) as a model therapeutic agent, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG350) as a solubilizing and stealth agent, and tetraethylene glycol (TEG) with a terminally conjugated thiol moiety. These GNS have an average size of 40 nm, a shell thickness of 6 nm, a well-defined crystal structure lattice (111), and a surface absorption plasmon band in the near infrared (NIR) region. The miktoarm star and GNS functionalized with this ligand are non-cytotoxic for up to 5 μg mL-1 concentrations, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells internalize more than 85% of these GNS at 5 μg mL-1. Our results establish that the biocompatible miktoarm star ligand provides a useful platform to synthetically articulate the introduction of multiple functions onto GNS, and enhance their scope by combining their inherent imaging capabilities with efficient delivery and accumulation of active therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa W K Ng
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bruin JE, Woynillowicz AK, Hettinga BP, Tarnopolsky MA, Morrison KM, Gerstein HC, Holloway AC. Maternal antioxidants prevent β-cell apoptosis and promote formation of dual hormone-expressing endocrine cells in male offspring following fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure. J Diabetes 2012; 4:297-306. [PMID: 22385833 PMCID: PMC3620564 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-0407.2012.00195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure causes β-cell oxidative stress and apoptosis in neonates, leading to adult-onset dysglycemia. The aim of the present study was to determine whether an antioxidant intervention could prevent nicotine-induced β-cell loss. METHODS Nulliparous female Wistar rats received daily subcutaneous injections of either saline or nicotine bitartrate (1.0 mg/kg per day) for 2 weeks prior to mating until weaning. Nicotine-exposed dams received either normal chow or diet containing antioxidants (1000 IU/kg vitamin E, 0.25% w/w coenzyme Q10, and 0.1% w/w α-lipoic acid) during mating, pregnancy, and lactation; saline-exposed dams received normal chow. Pancreatic tissue was collected from male offspring at 3 weeks of age to measure β-cell fraction, apoptosis, proliferation, and the presence of cells coexpressing insulin and glucagon. RESULTS The birth weight of offspring born to nicotine-exposed dams was significantly reduced in those receiving dietary antioxidants compared with those fed normal chow. Most interestingly, the antioxidant intervention to nicotine-exposed dams prevented the β-cell loss and apoptosis observed in nicotine-exposed male offspring whose mothers did not receive antioxidants. Male pups born to nicotine-treated mothers receiving antioxidants also had a tendency for increased β-cell proliferation and a significant increase in islets containing insulin/glucagon bihormonal cells compared with the other two treatment groups. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that exposure to maternal antioxidants protects developing β-cells from the damaging effects of nicotine, thus preserving β-cell mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Bruin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim H, Kim HJ, Lee K, Kim JM, Kim HS, Kim JR, Ha CM, Choi YK, Lee SJ, Kim JY, Harris RA, Jeong D, Lee IK. α-Lipoic acid attenuates vascular calcification via reversal of mitochondrial function and restoration of Gas6/Axl/Akt survival pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:273-86. [PMID: 21362131 PMCID: PMC3823291 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease and leads to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although several reports have implicated mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease, little is known about the potential role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the process of vascular calcification. This study investigated the effect of α-lipoic acid (ALA), a naturally occurring antioxidant that improves mitochondrial function, on vascular calcification in vitro and in vivo. Calcifying vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) treated with inorganic phosphate (Pi) exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction, as demonstrated by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production, the disruption of mitochondrial structural integrity and concurrently increased production of reactive oxygen species. These Pi-induced functional and structural mitochondrial defects were accompanied by mitochondria-dependent apoptotic events, including release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol, subsequent activation of caspase-9 and -3, and chromosomal DNA fragmentation. Intriguingly, ALA blocked the Pi-induced VSMC apoptosis and calcification by recovery of mitochondrial function and intracellular redox status. Moreover, ALA inhibited Pi-induced down-regulation of cell survival signals through the binding of growth arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6) to its cognate receptor Axl and subsequent Akt activation, resulting in increased survival and decreased apoptosis. Finally, ALA significantly ameliorated vitamin D(3) -induced aortic calcification and mitochondrial damage in mice. Collectively, the findings suggest ALA attenuates vascular calcification by inhibiting VSMC apoptosis through two distinct mechanisms; preservation of mitochondrial function via its antioxidant potential and restoration of the Gas6/Axl/Akt survival pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - Han-Jong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, WCU Program, Research Institute for Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - Kyunghee Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - Hee Sun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - Chae-Myeong Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, WCU Program, Research Institute for Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - Young-Keun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, WCU Program, Research Institute for Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - Sun Joo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, WCU Program, Research Institute for Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - Joon-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, WCU Program, Research Institute for Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - Robert A Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, WCU Program, Research Institute for Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of MedicineDaegu, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, IndianapolisIN, USA
| | - Daewon Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, WCU Program, Research Institute for Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chou TC, Shih CY, Chen YT. Inhibitory effect of α-lipoic acid on platelet aggregation is mediated by PPARs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:3050-3059. [PMID: 21391669 DOI: 10.1021/jf103940u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) isoforms (α, β/δ, and γ are present in human platelets, and activation of PPARs inhibits platelet aggregation. α-Lipoic acid (ALA), occurring naturally in human food, has been reported to exhibit an antiplatelet activity. However, the mechanisms underlying ALA-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the antiplatelet activity of ALA is mediated by PPARs. ALA itself significantly induced PPARα/γ activation in platelets and increased intracellular amounts of PPARα/γ by blocking PPARα/γ secretion from arachidonic acid (AA)-activated platelets. Moreover, ALA significantly inhibited AA-induced platelet aggregation, Ca(2+) mobilization, and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) activity, but increased cyclic AMP production in rabbit washed platelets. Importantly, ALA also enhanced interaction of PPARα/γ with protein kinase Cα (PKCα) and COX-1 accompanied by an inhibition of PKCα activity in resting and AA-activated platelets. However, the above effects of ALA on platelets were markedly reversed by simultaneous addition of selective PPARα antagonist (GW6471) or PPARγ antagonist (GW9662). Taken together, the present study provides a novel mechanism by which ALA inhibition of platelet aggregation is mediated by PPARα/γ-dependent processes, which involve interaction with PKCα and COX-1, increase of cyclic AMP formation, and inhibition of intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tz-Chong Chou
- Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lai YS, Shih CY, Huang YF, Chou TC. Antiplatelet activity of alpha-lipoic acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:8596-8603. [PMID: 20681648 DOI: 10.1021/jf101518p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is often used as a dietary supplement to prevent and treat chronic diseases associated with excessive oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of the antiplatelet activity of ALA. ALA significantly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation, thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)) formation, Ca(2+) mobilization, and protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) activation, but ALA itself increased cyclic AMP formation in rabbit washed platelets. However, the effects of ALA on the above platelet responses were markedly reversed by the addition of 2'5'-ddAdo, an adenylate cyclase inhibitor. Additionally, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and cyclooxygenase-1 activity stimulated by arachidonic acid were inhibited by ALA. In conclusion, we demonstrated that ALA possesses an antiplatelet activity, which may be associated with an elevation of cyclic AMP formation, involving subsequent inhibition of TXA(2), Ca(2+) mobilization, and PKCalpha-mediated pathways. Moreover, inhibition of ROS formation and increase of platelet membrane fluidity may also involve its actions.
Collapse
|
10
|
Karaman M, Ozen H, Tuzcu M, Ciğremiş Y, Onder F, Ozcan K. Pathological, biochemical and haematological investigations on the protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid in experimental aflatoxin toxicosis in chicks. Br Poult Sci 2010; 51:132-41. [PMID: 20390578 DOI: 10.1080/00071660903401839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid (LA) on aflatoxin (AF) toxicosis in chicks. 2. Groups of 10 Ross PM3 chicks were given, for 21 d, no AF (C), 60 mg/kg/bwt of alpha-lipoic acid (LA), 150 ppb of aflatoxin (AF1), 150 ppb of aflatoxin plus 60 mg/kg/bwt of alpha-lipoic acid (AF1 + LA), 300 ppb of aflatoxin (AF2), and 300 ppb of aflatoxin plus 60 mg/kg/bwt of alpha-lipoic acid (AF2 + LA). Before the animals were killed, blood samples were drawn for haematological analysis, and then tissue samples were collected for histopathological investigation. Immunohistochemical staining was performed against inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine on liver samples. Apoptotic cell death in liver was assessed by in situ TUNEL assay. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations in liver and kidney were also determined. 3. Hydropic degeneration and occasional necrosis, bile duct hyperplasia and periportal fibrosis were observed in the livers of AF-treated groups. The severity of these changes was reduced in LA-supplemented AF groups. Occasionally, thymic cortical atrophy, lymphoid depletion in spleen and bursa of Fabricius, and degeneration in the kidney tubule epitheliums were detected in AF groups. The severity of these degenerative changes was slightly reduced in LA supplemented groups. 4. There was moderate to strong iNOS and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity in the livers of AF groups, while decreased immunoreactivity was observed against both antibodies in the LA supplemented groups. Apoptotic cells were numerous in the AF groups, while greatly reduced in LA supplemented groups. 5. In the liver and kidney of AF-treated groups given 300 ppb of aflatoxin, MDA concentrations were increased as GSH decreased, compared to the control group. LA supplementation of AF-treated birds improved the results compared to the AF only groups, however a statistical difference was observed only in liver tissues between AF2 + LA and AF2 groups. Haematological variables showed no differences among the groups. 6. In conclusion, supplementation of feed with the antioxidant LA, might ameliorate the degenerative effects caused by aflatoxin due to lipid peroxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Karaman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
van Meurs M, Kümpers P, Ligtenberg JJM, Meertens JHJM, Molema G, Zijlstra JG. Bench-to-bedside review: Angiopoietin signalling in critical illness - a future target? CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2009; 13:207. [PMID: 19435476 PMCID: PMC2689450 DOI: 10.1186/cc7153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) occurs in response to major insults such as sepsis, severe haemorrhage, trauma, major surgery and pancreatitis. The mortality rate is high despite intensive supportive care. The pathophysiological mechanism underlying MODS are not entirely clear, although several have been proposed. Overwhelming inflammation, immunoparesis, occult oxygen debt and other mechanisms have been investigated, and – despite many unanswered questions – therapies targeting these mechanisms have been developed. Unfortunately, only a few interventions, usually those targeting multiple mechanisms at the same time, have appeared to be beneficial. We clearly need to understand better the mechanisms that underlie MODS. The endothelium certainly plays an active role in MODS. It functions at the intersection of several systems, including inflammation, coagulation, haemodynamics, fluid and electrolyte balance, and cell migration. An important regulator of these systems is the angiopoietin/Tie2 signalling system. In this review we describe this signalling system, giving special attention to what is known about it in critically ill patients and its potential as a target for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matijs van Meurs
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tharakan B, Corprew R, Hunter FA, Whaley JG, Smythe WR, Childs EW. 17beta-estradiol mediates protection against microvascular endothelial cell hyperpermeability. Am J Surg 2009; 197:147-54. [PMID: 19185107 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated the involvement of "intrinsic" mitochondrial apoptotic signaling in vascular hyperpermeability. The objective of this study was to determine if 17beta-estradiol, a known inhibitor of apoptosis, would attenuate microvascular endothelial cell hyperpermeability. METHODS Rat lung microvascular endothelial cell monolayers were treated with 17beta-estradiol or estrogen-receptor antagonist ICI 182780 after transfection with BAK peptide (5 microg/mL). Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-albumin was used to determine the change in permeability. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and transmembrane potential were determined using 123 dihydrorhodamine and JC-1, respectively. Cytosolic cytochrome c levels and caspase-3 activity were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorometric assay respectively. RESULTS 17beta-estradiol (10 nm) attenuated BAK-induced hyperpermeability (P < .05), ROS formation, cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 activation. The estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182780 blocked the protective effect of 17beta-estradiol on hyperpermeability (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS 17beta-estradiol attenuates BAK-induced hyperpermeability in rat lung microvascular endothelial cells by way of an estrogen-receptor mediated pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binu Tharakan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|