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Lee VE, Arnott G, Turner SP. Social behavior in farm animals: Applying fundamental theory to improve animal welfare. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:932217. [PMID: 36032304 PMCID: PMC9411962 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.932217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of behavior is essential to improving the welfare of billions of farm animals around the world. Despite living in an environment managed by humans, farm animals are still capable of making important behavioral decisions that influence welfare. In this review, we focus on social interactions as perhaps the most dynamic and challenging aspects of the lives of farm animals. Social stress is a leading welfare concern in livestock, and substantial variation in social behavior is seen at the individual and group level. Here, we consider how a fundamental understanding of social behavior can be used to: (i) understand agonistic and affiliative interactions in farm animals; (ii) identify how artificial environments influence social behavior and impact welfare; and (iii) provide insights into the mechanisms and development of social behavior. We conclude by highlighting opportunities to build on previous work and suggest potential fundamental hypotheses of applied relevance. Key areas for further research could include identifying the welfare benefits of socio–positive interactions, the potential impacts of disrupting important social bonds, and the role of skill in allowing farm animals to navigate competitive and positive social interactions. Such studies should provide insights to improve the welfare of farm animals, while also being applicable to other contexts, such as zoos and laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E. Lee
- Animal Behaviour and Welfare, Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Victoria E. Lee
| | - Gareth Arnott
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P. Turner
- Animal Behaviour and Welfare, Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Palaoro AV, Peixoto PEC. The hidden links between animal weapons, fighting style, and their effect on contest success: a meta‐analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1948-1966. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre V. Palaoro
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução Universidade Federal de São Paulo Rua Prof. Artur Riedel 66 Diadema São Paulo State 99722‐270 Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Universidade de São Paulo Rua do Matão Trav. 14 São Paulo São Paulo State 05508‐090 Brazil
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering Clemson University 490 Sirrine Hall, 515 Calhoun Dr Clemson SC 29634 USA
| | - Paulo Enrique Cardoso Peixoto
- LASEXIA, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais State 31270‐901 Brazil
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Trevisan A, Marochi MZ, Masunari S. Population structure and growth of two opulations of Aegla Schmitti Hobbs III, 1979 (Anomura, Aeglidae) in the eastern Paraná state, Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20190750. [PMID: 34133534 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120190750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The population structure and growth of two populations (Arraial and Capivari rivers) of Aegla schmitti was evaluated. The following parameters were determined: size, age structure, sex ratio, recruitment period, and sampling method selectivity (traps and handnet). There was variation between males and females. The carapace length size class distribution was unimodal in the Arraial River, and polymodal in the Capivari River. The sampling method influenced the proportion of demographic categories. The recruitment occurred mostly between October and December. The growth curves for the Arraial and Capivari rivers, respectively, were Ct= 26,50[1- e -0,004(t+53,36)] and Ct= 34,79[1- e -0,0024(t+122,34)] for males, and Ct= 23,07[1- e -0.0027(t+23,18)] and Ct= 25.52[1- e -0,0033(t+19,51)] for females. The maximum CL estimated for males and females were 26.50 and 23.07mm for the Arraial River, and 34.79 and 25.52mm for the Capivari River. Longevity was estimated in 2 years for females of both populations, and 2.5 and 3 years for males of the Arraial and Capivari rivers, respectively. The results allow for the characterization of the growth patterns of A. schmitti in two hydrographic basins, providing information for the species' preservation and also demonstrating the selectivity of the different sampling methods used for aeglids.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Trevisan
- Universidade Alto Vale do Rio Peixe, Rua Victor Baptista Adami, 800, Caçador, 89500-000 Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | - Murilo Z Marochi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Biociências, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente, 11330-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Setuko Masunari
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Avenida Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, 81530-000 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Palaoro AV, Muniz DG, Santos S. Harder, better, faster, stronger: Weapon size is more sexually dimorphic than weapon biomechanical components in two freshwater anomuran species. J Morphol 2020; 281:1098-1109. [PMID: 32681767 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sexual selection influences the evolution of morphological traits that increase the likelihood of monopolizing scarce resources. When such traits are used during contests, they are termed weapons. Given that resources are typically linked to monopolizing mating partners, theory expects only males to bear weapons. In some species, however, females also bear weapons, although typically smaller than male weapons. Understanding why females bear smaller weapons can thus help us understand the selective pressures behind weapon evolution. However, most of our knowledge comes from studies on weapon size, while the biomechanics of weapons, such as the size of the muscles, efficiency, and shape are seldom studied. Our goal was to test if the theoretical expectations for weapon size sexual dimorphism also occur for weapon biomechanics using two aeglid crab species. Males of both species had larger claws which were also stronger than female claws. Male claws were also more efficient than females' claws (although we used only one species in this analysis). For weapon shape, though, only one species differed in the mean claw shape. Regarding scaling differences, in both species, male claws had higher size scaling than females, while only one species had a higher shape scaling. However, male weapons did not have higher scaling regarding strength and efficiency than females. Thus, males apparently allocate more resources in weapons than females, but once allocated, muscle and efficiency follow a similar developmental pathway in both sexes. Taken together, our results show that sexual dimorphism in weapons involves more than differences in size. Shape differences are especially intriguing because we cannot fully understand its causes. Yet, we highlight that such subtle differences can only be detected by measuring and analysing weapon shape and biomechanical components. Only then we might better understand how weapons are forged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre V Palaoro
- LAGE do Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,LUTA do Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo G Muniz
- LAGE do Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, São Paulo, Brazil
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Palaoro AV, Peixoto PEC, Benso-Lopes F, Boligon DS, Santos S. Fight intensity correlates with stronger and more mechanically efficient weapons in three species of Aegla crabs. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-020-02834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Pay attention to the ladies: female aggressive behavior and weapon allometry provide clues for sexual selection in freshwater anomurans (Decapoda: Aeglidae). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chapin KJ, Peixoto PEC, Briffa M. Further mismeasures of animal contests: a new framework for assessment strategies. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Competition for resources is a ubiquitous feature of life, and a central topic in behavioral ecology. Organisms use assessment strategies to resolve contests, which can be delineated into two broad categories by the information individuals use to make decisions: mutual assessment (MA) or self-assessment (SA). Most research hitherto has worked to bin a species into one of these categories. In this review, we discuss the limitations of this approach and provide solutions. We posit that assessment strategies do not need to be fixed within a species, individuals, or interactions, and that many organisms should adjust their assessment strategy as the environment, opponent, and opportunities for information gathering change. We show that assessment strategies are an individual-level characteristic, can vary within and between contests, and are not mutually exclusive. We argue that MA is the midpoint along a spectrum of self only and opponent only assessment. We discuss the effects of resource distribution, demographics, experience, information transfer, and ontogeny on assessment strategy evolution and behavior. We conclude by providing empirical guidelines and an example with a simulated dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth James Chapin
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Paulo Enrique Cardoso Peixoto
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Mark Briffa
- School of Biological & Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, UK
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Benso-Lopes F, Santos S, Palaoro AV. Underwater compensation for exaggerated weaponry: The role of morphology and environment on crab locomotor performance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2019; 331:382-391. [PMID: 31290237 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Exaggerated morphologies may increase fitness, but they might be costly to bear; heavy weight, for instance, might hinder locomotion. Evidence supporting these costs are sparse because animals that move on land or swim have traits reducing those costs, called compensatory traits. Animals that walk underwater, however, are under different environmental pressures than land animals. Buoyancy, for instance, reduces the effective weight of any object, which could decrease the locomotion costs of carrying exagerrated traits. Hence, underwater species might maintain performance without compensation. To test this, we compared males of the freshwater anomuran Aegla longirostri that bear an exaggerated claw to females (the natural control). We first tested whether the exaggerated claw decreased male locomotor performance. Next, we tested if sexual dimorphism in performance is associated with differences in leg asymmetry, length, and muscle size. Lastly, we tested if large males have proportionally heavier legs than smaller males. Unexpectedly, females are faster than males while also having relatively longer legs than males. Therefore, females might walk faster because of the longer legs, which might be unrelated to the male exaggerated claw. Furthermore, larger males did not have proportionally heavier legs than smaller males, further suggesting no compensation. Hence, even though aeglid's claw weigh ~25% of their total body weight, we did not find evidence for burden or compensation on males. The environment might thus decrease the costs of exaggerated traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Benso-Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Sandro Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Alexandre V Palaoro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,LAGE do Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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What do we need to know to recognize a contest? Naturwissenschaften 2019; 106:32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-019-1632-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pinto NS, Palaoro AV, Peixoto PEC. All by myself? Meta‐analysis of animal contests shows stronger support for self than for mutual assessment models. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1430-1442. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson S. Pinto
- Graduate Program in EcologyUniversidade Federal da Bahia Salvador BA 40110‐909 Brazil
| | - Alexandre V. Palaoro
- LAGE do Departamento de EcologiaUniversidade de São Paulo São Paulo SP 05508‐090 Brazil
| | - Paulo E. C. Peixoto
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia GeralUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG 31270‐901 Brazil
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Lobregat G, Gechel Kloss T, Peixoto PEC, Sperber CF. Fighting in rounds: males of a neotropical cricket switch assessment strategies during contests. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Lobregat
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Edifício Chotaro Shimoya, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gechel Kloss
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Av. Olegário Maciel, Ubá, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Enrique Cardoso Peixoto
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos Frankl Sperber
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Edifício Chotaro Shimoya, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Maskrey DK, White SJ, Wilson AJ, Houslay TM. Who dares does not always win: risk-averse rockpool prawns are better at controlling a limited food resource. Anim Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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dos Santos TB, Peixoto PEC. Agonistic interactions in the dragonfly Micrathyria ungulata: does male fighting investment come from an innate ability or an indomitable will? Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-017-2335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Borges ACP, Piassão JFG, Paula MO, Sepp S, Bez CFS, Hepp LU, Valduga AT, Pereira AAM, Cansian RL. Characterization of oxidative stress biomarkers in a freshwater anomuran crab. BRAZ J BIOL 2017; 78:61-67. [PMID: 28614422 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.04816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, environmental responses at level of populations or communities are preceded by alterations at lower biological levels which can be efficiently detected by the analysis of biomarkers. We analyzed the oxidative biomarkers TBARS and Catalase in Aegla singularis, a freshwater crustacean highly sensitive to environmental changes. The objective was to address if are differences in these biomarkers related to the gender as well if they are influenced by seasonal or water physicochemical variables. The results showed differences in biomarkers profile related to the gender. In female crabs were not sensitive to seasonal variations throughout the study period. However, in males the biomarkers evaluated were higher in the winter as compared to remaining seasons and showed tendency of negative correlation with water temperature and pH. This study highlights that gender, seasonal variations and physicochemical variables can influence oxidative stress biomarkers in A. singularis. Female crabs probably are better suited as a model for biomarker application in environmental studies, because their insensibility to seasonal variations can facilitate the observations of responses related specifically to environmental disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C P Borges
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - J F G Piassão
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - M O Paula
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - S Sepp
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - C F S Bez
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - L U Hepp
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - A T Valduga
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | | | - R L Cansian
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil
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Palaoro AV, Briffa M. Weaponry and defenses in fighting animals: how allometry can alter predictions from contest theory. Behav Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Kraft B, Williams E, Lemakos VA, Travis J, Hughes KA. Genetic Color Morphs in the Eastern Mosquitofish Experience Different Social Environments in the Wild and Laboratory. Ethology 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Kraft
- Department of Biological Science Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
| | - Emily Williams
- Department of Biology New York University New York NY USA
| | - Valerie A. Lemakos
- Department of Biological Science Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
| | - Joseph Travis
- Department of Biological Science Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
| | - Kimberly A. Hughes
- Department of Biological Science Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
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Ferreira CPS, Cerqueira LP, Uezu A, Oliveira EJF, Peixoto PEC. Territory Availability at Different Spatial Scales does not Affect Fighting Investment in Males of the Lycaenid Butterfly Strymon mulucha. Ethology 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cibele P. S. Ferreira
- Programa de pós-graduação em Zoologia; Sala 06, 1° andar - Prédio LABIO; Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; Feira de Santana BA Brazil
- Laboratório de Entomologia; Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; Novo Horizonte Feira de Santana BA Brazil
| | - Luana P. Cerqueira
- Programa de pós-graduação em Zoologia; Sala 06, 1° andar - Prédio LABIO; Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; Feira de Santana BA Brazil
- Laboratório de Entomologia; Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; Novo Horizonte Feira de Santana BA Brazil
| | - Alexandre Uezu
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas; Nazaré Paulista SP Brazil
| | - Eddy J. F. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Entomologia; Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; Novo Horizonte Feira de Santana BA Brazil
| | - Paulo E. C. Peixoto
- Laboratório de Entomologia; Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; Novo Horizonte Feira de Santana BA Brazil
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Costa JR, Dalosto MM, Palaoro AV, Santos S. Contest Duration and Dynamics are Affected by Body Size in a Potentially Subsocial Crayfish (Crustacea: Decapoda). Ethology 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana R. Costa
- Núcleo de Estudos em Biodiversidade Aquática; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Marcelo M. Dalosto
- Núcleo de Estudos em Biodiversidade Aquática; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Alexandre V. Palaoro
- Núcleo de Estudos em Biodiversidade Aquática; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Sandro Santos
- Núcleo de Estudos em Biodiversidade Aquática; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria Brazil
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Ayres-Peres L, Araujo PB, Jara CG, Palaoro AV, Santos S. How variable is agonistic behavior among crab species? A case study on freshwater anomurans (Crustacea: Decapoda: Aeglidae). J Zool (1987) 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Ayres-Peres
- Carcinology Laboratory; Bioscience Institute; Zoology Department; PPG in Animal Biology; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Instituto Federal Farroupilha; Alegrete Brazil
| | - P. B. Araujo
- Carcinology Laboratory; Bioscience Institute; Zoology Department; PPG in Animal Biology; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - C. G. Jara
- Faculty of Sciences; Zoology Institute; Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | - A. V. Palaoro
- Núcleo de Estudos em Biodiversidade Aquática; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria Brazil
| | - S. Santos
- Núcleo de Estudos em Biodiversidade Aquática; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria Brazil
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Guillermo-Ferreira R, Gorb SN, Appel E, Kovalev A, Bispo PC. Variable assessment of wing colouration in aerial contests of the red-winged damselfly Mnesarete pudica (Zygoptera, Calopterygidae). Naturwissenschaften 2015; 102:13. [PMID: 25776927 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-015-1261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Wing pigmentation is a trait that predicts the outcome of male contests in some damselflies. Thus, it is reasonable to suppose that males would have the ability to assess wing pigmentation and adjust investment in a fight according to the costs that the rival may potentially impose. Males of the damselfly Mnesarete pudica exhibit red-coloured wings and complex courtship behaviour and engage in striking male-male fights. In this study, we investigated male assessment behaviour during aerial contests. Theory suggests that the relationship between male resource-holding potential (RHP) and contest duration describes the kind of assessment adopted by males: self-assessment, opponent-only assessment or mutual assessment. A recent theory also suggests that weak and strong males exhibit variations in the assessment strategies adopted. We estimated male RHP through male body size and wing colouration (i.e. pigmentation, wing reflectance spectra and transmission spectra) and studied the relationship between male RHP and contest duration from video-documented behavioural observations of naturally occurring individual contests in the field. The results showed that males with more opaque wings and larger red spots were more likely to win contests. The relationships between RHP and contest durations partly supported the self-assessment and the mutual assessment models. We then experimentally augmented the pigmented area of the wings, in order to evaluate whether strong and weak males assess rivals' RHP through wing pigmentation. Our experimental manipulation, however, clearly demonstrated that strong males assess rivals' wing pigmentation. We finally suggest that there is a variation in the assessment strategy adopted by males.
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