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Effect of Bacterial or Fungal Phytase Supplementation on the Performance, Egg Quality, Plasma Biochemical Parameters, and Reproductive Morphology of Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020540. [PMID: 33669736 PMCID: PMC7921993 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The present study shows that 5000 FTU/kg dietary supplementation with bacterial (E. coli) or fungal (Aspergillus niger and Trichodermareesei) sources of phytase with less available phosphorus is capable of maintaining productive efficiency, reproductive morphology, and egg quality of laying hens. Eggshell consistency was increased while yolk cholesterol was decreased as a result of diets supplemented with bacterial or fungal phytase. All in all, our results clarify that feeding laying hens bacterial and fungal phytase at 5000 FTU/kg can be effective to replace inorganic phosphorus commercially. Abstract Catalytic and physicochemical properties of microbial phytase sources may differ, affecting phosphorus (P) release and subsequently the productive and reproductive performance of layers. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of bacterial and fungal phytase sources on layer productivity, egg production, biochemical blood indices, and reproductive morphology. For this purpose, 360 Bovans brown hens at 42 weeks of age were randomly allocated into 4 experimental groups, each with 15 replicates of 6 hens. The first group (control) was fed a basal diet with 4.6 g/kg available P. In contrast, the second, third, and fourth groups were fed diets treated with 3.2 g/kg available P, supplemented with either 5000 FTU/kg of bacterial E. coli (QuantumTM Blue 5G), fungal Aspergillus niger (VemoZyme® F 5000 Naturally Thermostable Phytase (NTP)), or fungal Trichodermareesei (Yemzim® FZ100). Dietary supplementation of bacterial and fungal phytases did not affect the productive performance or egg quality criteria, except for increased shell weight and thickness (p < 0.05). Serum hepatic function biomarkers and lipid profiles were not altered in treated hens, while calcium and P levels were increased (p < 0.05) related to the controls. Ovary index and length, and relative weight of oviduct and its segments were not influenced. The contents of cholesterol and malondialdehyde in the yolks from treated birds were lower compared to control hens, while calcium and P content increased (p < 0.05). Conclusively, bacterial and fungal phytase sources can compensate for the reduction of available P in layers’ diets and enhance shell and yolk quality without affecting productive performance, and no differences among them were noticed.
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Jing M, Zhao S, Rogiewicz A, Slominski BA, House JD. Effects of phytase supplementation on growth performance, plasma biochemistry, bone mineralisation and phosphorus utilisation in pre-lay pullets fed various levels of phosphorus. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Reducing the environmental impact of animal production is becoming a really hot topic, especially with raised concerns over excessive flows of nitrogen and phosphorus (P) to the environment.
Aims
The present study was conducted to determine the effects of phytase supplementation on growth, plasma biochemistry, bone mineralisation and P utilisation of pre-lay pullets fed varying levels of non-phytate P.
Methods
A total of 240 Lohmann pullet chicks were randomly allocated to one of six dietary treatments with eight replicate cages (5 birds per cage) per treatment. Six treatments included three phytase-free diets and three diets supplemented with 1000 U/kg phytase; the non-phytate P levels were 2.75–2.50–2.25, 3.75–3.50–3.25 and 4.75–4.50–4.25 g/kg in the former, and 1.75–1.50–1.25, 2.75–2.50–2.25 and 3.75–3.50–3.25 g/kg in the latter, for the age of 0–4, 4–8 and 8–16 weeks respectively.
Key results
No significant differences were found for growth performance, plasma biochemistry (calcium, P, alkaline phosphatase and albumin) and bone mineralisation among dietary treatments, but P retention (%) was different (P < 0.001). Analysis of planned contrasts showed that phytase supplementation increased phytate P retention (P < 0.001), and improving the utilisation of phytate P tended most efficiently under low P conditions. Total P retention rate was reduced slightly by phytase supplementation (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
The results indicated that dietary non-phytate P level could possibly be reduced to 1.75, 1.50 and 1.25 g/kg for 0–4, 4–8 and 8–16 weeks of age respectively after phytase supplementation, without compromising pullet growth and performance during the pre-laying period.
Implications
The results of this study will contribute to decreasing P excretion by poultry and reducing the potential environmental impact with land application of manure.
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Sommerfeld V, Omotoso AO, Oster M, Reyer H, Camarinha-Silva A, Hasselmann M, Huber K, Ponsuksili S, Seifert J, Stefanski V, Wimmers K, Rodehutscord M. Phytate Degradation, Transcellular Mineral Transporters, and Mineral Utilization by Two Strains of Laying Hens as Affected by Dietary Phosphorus and Calcium. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1736. [PMID: 32987788 PMCID: PMC7598718 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Laying hens require less phosphorus (P) but markedly more calcium (Ca) in their diet than broilers. These differences may cause more distinct interactions with phytate degradation and utilization of minerals in laying hens than those in broilers. The objective of the study was to characterize intestinal phytate degradation, ileal transcript copy numbers of transcellular Ca and P transporters, and mineral utilization by two laying hen strains fed with standard or reduced levels of dietary Ca and P at the laying peak. The strains showed differences regarding several traits driving Ca and P metabolism along the digestive tract. Thus, the two strains may use different mechanisms to meet their respective P demand, i.e., via effective phytate degradation and transcellular transport. Clear effects of the Ca level on myo-inositol concentrations and mineral utilization revealed the significance of this element for the measured traits. The absence of P-mediated effects confirmed the findings of several studies recommending that P concentrations used in laying hen feeds are too high. Differences were noted between individuals within one treatment. The next step would be to evaluate the data in individual birds to identify birds that better cope with a challenging diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Sommerfeld
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (V.S.); (A.C.-S.); (M.H.); (K.H.); (J.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Adewunmi Omolade Omotoso
- Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.O.O.); (M.O.); (H.R.); (S.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Michael Oster
- Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.O.O.); (M.O.); (H.R.); (S.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Henry Reyer
- Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.O.O.); (M.O.); (H.R.); (S.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Amélia Camarinha-Silva
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (V.S.); (A.C.-S.); (M.H.); (K.H.); (J.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Martin Hasselmann
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (V.S.); (A.C.-S.); (M.H.); (K.H.); (J.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Korinna Huber
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (V.S.); (A.C.-S.); (M.H.); (K.H.); (J.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.O.O.); (M.O.); (H.R.); (S.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Jana Seifert
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (V.S.); (A.C.-S.); (M.H.); (K.H.); (J.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Volker Stefanski
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (V.S.); (A.C.-S.); (M.H.); (K.H.); (J.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.O.O.); (M.O.); (H.R.); (S.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Markus Rodehutscord
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (V.S.); (A.C.-S.); (M.H.); (K.H.); (J.S.); (V.S.)
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Sommerfeld V, Huber K, Bennewitz J, Camarinha-Silva A, Hasselmann M, Ponsuksili S, Seifert J, Stefanski V, Wimmers K, Rodehutscord M. Phytate degradation, myo-inositol release, and utilization of phosphorus and calcium by two strains of laying hens in five production periods. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6797-6808. [PMID: 33248595 PMCID: PMC7704748 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare 2 laying hen strains in 5 production periods regarding phytase activity, phytate (InsP6) degradation, and myo-inositol (MI) release in the digestive tract and phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) utilization. One offspring of 10 nonrelated roosters per strain (Lohmann Brown-classic (LB) or Lohmann LSL-classic (LSL)) was placed in one of 20 metabolic units in a completely randomized block design in week 8, 14, 22, 28, and 58 of life. All hens were fed the same corn and soybean meal–based diet at one time, but the diet composition was adjusted to the requirements in the respective period. For 4 consecutive days, excreta were collected quantitatively at 24-hour intervals. In week 10, 16, 24, 30, and 60, the blood plasma, digesta of crop, gizzard, jejunum, ileum, and ceca, and mucosa of the jejunum was collected. The concentration of inorganic P in the blood plasma was higher in LB than in LSL hens (P = 0.026). Plasma Ca concentrations increased with each period (P < 0.001) in both strains. In jejunum digesta, the MI concentration did not differ between strains, but InsP6 concentration was higher in LB than in LSL hens (P = 0.002) and the highest in week 30 and 60. Total phosphatase and phytase activities were higher in LB than in LSL hens (P ≤ 0.009). Period effects were also significant for these enzymes. Concentrations of some constituents of the cecal content were different between the strains. The MI concentration in the egg albumen and yolk was higher in LB than in LSL hens. Differences in InsP6- and MI-related metabolism of the 2 hen strains existed. These differences were partly dependent of the period. Especially, week 24 was a period of remarkable change of metabolism. Great differences also existed among individuals, making it worth to have a closer look at the metabolism of individuals in addition to evaluating treatment means. Further studies on metabolic, genetic, and microbiome level may help explain these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Sommerfeld
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Korinna Huber
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörn Bennewitz
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Martin Hasselmann
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Jana Seifert
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Volker Stefanski
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Markus Rodehutscord
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Matuszewski A, Łukasiewicz M, Niemiec J. Calcium and phosphorus and their nanoparticle forms in poultry nutrition. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2020.1746221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Matuszewski
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Monika Łukasiewicz
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Jan Niemiec
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
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Dijkslag MA, Elling-Staats ML, Yen Y, Marchal LM, Kwakkel RP. The effects of coarse and wet feeding on performance parameters, gastrointestinal tract and tibia traits, and digesta phytase activity in egg-type pullets, either fed a low or moderate phosphorus diet. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4729-4744. [PMID: 31329980 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, the effects of dietary non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) levels, 0.17% (low) and 0.33% (moderate), diet moisture (dry and wet), and diet particle size (coarse and fine), were studied on egg production, characteristics of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and tibia, digesta pH, and phytase activity in layer pullets (16 to 28 wk of age). The low NPP diet increased average daily water intake (ADWI) to ADFI ratio (4.2%) from 16 to 17 wk, but decreased this ratio (2.8%) from 23 to 27 wk. It decreased ADFI (1.5%) and egg mass production (3.8%) from 19 to 22 wk. It decreased egg weight (0.29 g) and ADWI (2.1%) from 23 to 27 wk. At 22 wk, the GIT relative empty organ weights were (g/kg BW) higher for proventriculus + gizzard (0.96), duodeneum (0.94), and jejunum + ileum (1.95) with the low vs. moderate NPP diet. The low NPP diet decreased digesta phytase activity in crop and proventriculus+gizzard at 28 wk. The wet diet increased ADFI, ADWI, and ADWI/ADFI ratio from 16 to 27 wk, egg mass production (3.0%) from 19 to 22 wk, and egg weight (0.45 g) from 23 to 27 wk. The wet diet also increased digesta phytase activity in proventriculus+gizzard. The coarse diet decreased ADFI from 19 to 22 wk (1.7%) and 23 to 27 wk (1.2%). The coarse diet caused reduced egg mass production (2.6%) from 23 to 27 wk. Egg shell breaking strength was increased on the coarse diet (0.9 Newton). The coarse diet increased ADWI/ADFI ratio from 16 to 27 wk, and increased relative gizzard weight by 1.95 and 0.81 g/kg BW at 22 and 28 wk, respectively. The coarse diet increased jejunal/ileal pH with 0.16 units at 28 wk. None of the tested parameters affected tibia characteristics. It was concluded that a low NPP diet did not clearly affect the studied parameters. The wet diet increased ADFI, ADWI, and egg production. The coarse diet increased ADWI, egg shell breaking strength, relative gizzard weight, and reduced ADFI and egg production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Dijkslag
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.,ForFarmers, NL-7240 AB Lochem, the Netherlands
| | - M L Elling-Staats
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Y Yen
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - L M Marchal
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.,ForFarmers, NL-7240 AB Lochem, the Netherlands
| | - R P Kwakkel
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Abbasi F, Fakhur-Un-Nisa T, Liu J, Luo X, Abbasi IHR. Low digestibility of phytate phosphorus, their impacts on the environment, and phytase opportunity in the poultry industry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9469-9479. [PMID: 30788700 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-4000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential macro-mineral nutrient for poultry, needed for the body growth, development of bones, genomic function, good quality flesh, and eggs production. The imbalance of organic phosphorus sources in the diet mostly affect the phosphorus digestibility, reduces the poultry performance and health, and increases the environmental pollution burden. A study was reviewed to estimate the low phytate phosphorus digestibility of ingredients in poultry diet and their impacts on environmental ecosystem and opportunity of phytase supplementation. Plant ingredients mostly used in poultry diets are rich in phytate phosphorus. The phytate phosphorus digestibility and utilization is low in the gut of birds which leads to decrease other nutrients digestibility and increase excessive excretion of phosphorus with additional nutrients in the manure. When that manure applied to the lands containing excessive residual phosphorus and additional nutrients which pollute soil, groundwater disturbed the entire ecosystem. This issue is developed by poultry due to lack of digestive enzyme phytase which promotes the phytate phosphorus during digestion and reduces the excessive losses of phosphorus in excreta. To overcome this matter, the addition of mostly exogenous phospho-hydrolytic phytase enzymes in the diet, i.e. Escherichia coli, Peniophora lycii, Aspergillus niger, and Ficum, are the possible ways to increase the digestibility and utilization of phytate phosphorus and promote the stepwise release of phosphorus from phytate and significantly decrease phosphorus excretion. The aim of this review is to highlight the role of phytase supplementation in the poultry feeding, improvement of phytate phosphorus digestibility with performance, and reduction of phosphorus pollution from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Jingbo Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuegang Luo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China.
| | - Imtiaz Hussain Raja Abbasi
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CUVAS, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
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Verardi A, Schneider A, Mayer J, Yuri F, Oliveira V, Gewehr C. True phosphorus digestibility and total endogenous phosphorus losses associated with canola meal for brown laying hens 17 and 32 weeks old. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jing M, Zhao S, Rogiewicz A, Slominski B, House J. Assessment of the minimal available phosphorus needs of pullets during the pre-laying period. Poult Sci 2018; 97:557-567. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Li XK, Wang JZ, Wang CQ, Zhang CH, Li X, Tang CH, Wei XL. Effect of dietary phosphorus levels on meat quality and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. Food Chem 2016; 205:289-96. [PMID: 27006242 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To analyze the influence of dietary phosphorus (P) levels on meat quality and lipid metabolism, a 42-day feeding experiment (P deficient group; normal group; high P level groups of H1 and H2, respectively) using 100 one-day-old broilers was conducted. Results demonstrated that the quality of broiler chicken meat in deficient or high P groups decreased relative to the normal group. High P diets resulted in increased lightness, redness values, shear forces and decreased fatty acid contents and intramuscular fat content in breast meat (p<0.01). Compared with normal group, lower malic enzyme activity, higher fatty acid synthase and AMP-activated protein kinase activities were observed in the treatment groups (p<0.05). Chickens fed with normal diets had the lowest serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels which differed from that of other treatments (p<0.05). High-P diets significantly decreased the lipid accumulation in the liver (p<0.01), whereas phosphorus levels in breast meat increased significantly (p<0.01). It can be concluded that deficient or higher P levels could affect meat quality and expression of indicators on lipid metabolism of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ke Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chun-Qing Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chun-Hui Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chun-Hong Tang
- College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wei
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Li XK, Wang JZ, Zhang CH, Li X, Tang CH. Content and distribution of different phosphorus forms in broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 100:271-8. [PMID: 26189915 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To understand the background value of phosphorus in chickens, the quantitative distribution of different phosphorus forms, including total phosphorus (TP), free phosphate (FP) and phospholipid (PL), in viscera, blood and bones of broiler chickens was investigated. Results showed that phosphorus contents exhibited significant differences in different parts of chickens. TP content of breast and thigh meat was over 5.0 g/kg, in which most of the phosphorus was in the form of water-soluble phosphates. TP content in viscera was higher than that in meat, and spleen was observed to contain the highest amount of phosphorus (10.0 g/kg). In all tested organs, FP and PL contents in liver were the highest, ranging between 1207-1989 and 81-369 mg/kg respectively. TP content in chicken bone was in the range of 52,716-136,643 mg/kg, and FP content in the bone was relatively lower than that in chicken meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-K Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - J-Z Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - C-H Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - C-H Tang
- College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
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Influence of limestone particle size on performance and egg quality in laying hens aged 24–36 weeks and 56–68 weeks. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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