1
|
Long W, Luo J, Ou H, Jiang W, Zhou H, Liu Y, Zhang L, Mi H, Deng J. Effects of dietary citrus pulp level on the growth and intestinal health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:2728-2743. [PMID: 37989715 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus pulp (CP) is rich in pectin, and studies have shown that pectin possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and gut microbiota-regulating properties. However, the application of CP in aquafeed is limited. In this study, the effect of dietary inclusion of CP on the intestinal health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) was investigated. Juveniles of similar size (6.95 ± 0.07 g) were fed isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing different levels of CP (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, or 15%) for 58 days. RESULTS As the level of CP in the feed for largemouth bass increased, the fish's growth performance and intestinal health initially improved and then declined. Adding low doses of CP (≤9%) to the feed had no significant impact on the growth performance of large-mouth black bass, whereas high doses of CP (>9%) significantly reduced their growth performance. Adding 6%, 9%, or 12% of CP to that feed enhanced the expression of genes related to tight junctions, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-apoptotic activity, and antioxidant activity in the intestines of largemouth bass. It reduced intestinal inflammation and improved intestinal nutrient absorption, intestinal mucosal barrier function, and intestinal antioxidant capacity. Moreover, it improved the α-diversity, structure, and function of the intestinal flora. The addition of 6% CP had the most beneficial effect on the intestinal health of largemouth bass. On the other hand, the addition of 15% CP had adverse effects on the intestinal antioxidant capacity and intestinal mucosal barrier function of largemouth bass. CONCLUSION Adding 6-9% CP to the feed for largemouth bass can improve their intestinal health without having a significant impact on their growth performance. CP could serve as a novel prebiotic and immunostimulant ingredient in aquafeed. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Long
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiajie Luo
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hongdong Ou
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yongyin Liu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Tongwei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Haifeng Mi
- Tongwei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Junming Deng
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen S, Maulu S, Wang J, Xie X, Liang X, Wang H, Wang J, Xue M. The application of protease in aquaculture: Prospects for enhancing the aquafeed industry. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:105-121. [PMID: 38357575 PMCID: PMC10864210 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Low-fishmeal and protein-saving diets are two prominent nutritional strategies utilized to address challenges related to the scarcity and sustainability of protein sources in aquaculture. However, these diets have been associated with adverse effects on the growth performance, feed utilization, and disease resistance of aquatic animals. To mitigate these challenges, exogenous protease has been applied to enhance the quality of diets with lower protein contents or fishmeal alternatives, thereby improving the bioavailability of nutritional ingredients. Additionally, protease preparations were also used to enzymatically hydrolyze fishmeal alternatives, thus enhancing their nutritional utilization. The present review aims to consolidate recent research progress on the use of protease in aquaculture and conclude the benefits and limitations of its application, thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of the subject and identifying opportunities for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyou Chen
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sahya Maulu
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
- Centre for Innovative Approach Zambia (CIAZ), Lusaka 119825, Zambia
| | - Jie Wang
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoze Xie
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofang Liang
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hao Wang
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Min Xue
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saengrung J, Bunnoy A, Du X, Huang L, An R, Liang X, Srisapoome P. Effects of ribonucleotide supplementation in modulating the growth of probiotic Bacillus subtilis and the synergistic benefits for improving the health performance of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108983. [PMID: 37541637 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
In aquaculture, due to the requirements for high-density culture, the diseases caused by bacterial pathogens have become a serious issue. To solve this problem, we performed synbiotic application of RNA and Bacillus subtilis as a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to improve the health and immunity of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) during cultivation without using any harmful antibiotics or chemicals. Among various forms of nucleic acids, such as mononucleotides and DNA, RNA was found to be most effective in promoting the growth performance of probiotic B. subtilis in all the tested minimal medium conditions. Accordingly, we used the synbiotic combination of B. subtilis and RNA for Asian seabass cultivation. After feed supplementation for fourteen days, the fish that received the combination treatment exhibited a significant increase in innate cellular and humoral immune parameters, including phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, respiratory burst, serum lysozyme and bactericidal activities, as well as upregulated expression of immune-related genes, including HEPC1, A2M, C3, CC, CLEC, LYS, HSP70, and HSP90. Furthermore, significant increases were observed in the ileal villus height and goblet cell numbers in the intestinal villi in all fish treatment groups. The combination treatment did not cause histopathological abnormalities in the intestine and liver, suggesting that the synbiotic treatment is safe for use in fish. The treated Asian seabass also exhibited a significantly increased survival rate after Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. These results indicate that the synbiotic mixture of B. subtilis and RNA can be considered a beneficial feed additive and immunostimulant for Asian seabass cultivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jureerat Saengrung
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand; Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Anurak Bunnoy
- Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand; Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Xinmei Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Lili Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Ran An
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Xingguo Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Prapansak Srisapoome
- Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand; Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oladipupo AA, Kelly AM, Davis DA, Bruce TJ. Investigation of dietary exogenous protease and humic substance on growth, disease resistance to Flavobacterium covae and immune responses in juvenile channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023. [PMID: 37461215 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Many bacterial pathogens impact the US catfish industry, and disease control can be challenging for producers. Columnaris disease in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, is primarily caused by Flavobacterium covae (formerly F. columnare). Immunostimulants may enhance nonspecific immune responses and offer an alternative to antibiotic treatments in catfish. Furthermore, dietary protein sources and inclusions are also essential to fish health and nutrition and may enhance overall fish performance in pond culture. The current project evaluated two immunostimulants: a protease complex (PC) and a humic substance (HS) derived from a reed-sedge peat product. A 60-day trial examined the effects of five diets on growth performance, immune response and resistance to experimental F. covae infection in channel catfish. Diets included a high-quality fishmeal diet (32%; CF32), a high-protein soy-based diet (32%; C32), a low-protein soy-based diet (28%; C28; predominately used in industry), a low-protein soy diet supplemented with C28 + PC at 175 g metric ton-1 and C28 + HS in a low-protein diet at 23 g metric ton-1 . Following feeding for 60 d, juvenile channel catfish were sampled for growth performance and baseline health indicators (n = 3; body mucus, blood for sera, kidney and spleen). A subset of fish was then subjected to an immersion-based in vivo challenge trial with F. covae (ALG-00-530; 106 CFU mL-1 exposure). At 60d post-initiation, there were no dietary differences in the relative growth rate (p = .063) or thermal growth coefficient (p = .055), but the 32% diets generally appeared to perform best. Post-challenge, the C32 group's mortality was higher than the C28 + PC (p = .006) and C28 + HS diets (p = .005). Although not significant, the C28 and CF32 groups also demonstrated higher mortality compared to both PC and HS diets. Sera lysozyme concentration was found to increase following pathogen challenge (p < .001) and in comparison with mock-challenged catfish (p < .001). Elevated expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (il-1β, il-8, tnf-α and tgf-β) were observed at trial midpoint and post-infection when compared to 60d. The C28 treatment was found to have lower tnf-α expression than the C28 + PC (p = .042) and C28 + HS (p = .042) groups following exposure to F. covae. These challenge data suggest that the immunostimulants (PC and HS) in plant-based protein may be beneficial in protecting against F. covae when offered in low-protein channel catfish diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmalik A Oladipupo
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Anita M Kelly
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Alabama Fish Farming Center, Auburn University, Greensboro, Alabama, USA
| | - D Allen Davis
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Timothy J Bruce
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zheng X, Liu B, Wang N, Yang J, Zhou Q, Sun C, Zhao Y. Low fish meal diet supplemented with probiotics ameliorates intestinal barrier and immunological function of Macrobrachium rosenbergii via the targeted modulation of gut microbes and derived secondary metabolites. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1074399. [PMID: 36466900 PMCID: PMC9713824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1074399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The unsuitable substitution ratio of fish meal by plant protein will reshape the intestinal microbial composition and intestine immunity. However, previous studies were mostly limited to investigating how different feed or probiotics characterized the microbial composition but ignored the biological interactions between bacteria and host physiology through secondary metabolites. Therefore, this study integrates the apparent indicators monitoring, 16S rDNA sequencing, and metabonomics to systematically investigate the effects of cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) substitution of fish meal and Bacillus coagulans intervention on gut microbes, secondary metabolites, and intestinal immunity of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Prawns were fed with three diets for 70 days: HF diets contained 25% fish meal, CPC in LF diets were replaced with 10% fish meal, and LF diets supplemented with 2 × 108 CFU/g diet B. coagulans were designated as BC diets. Results showed that CPC substitution induced a significant decrease in digestive enzyme activities (trypsin and lipase) and gut barrier protein PT-1 expression and a significant increase in γ-GT enzyme activity and inflammatory-related factors (Relish and Toll) expression. B. coagulans treatment mitigated the negative changes of the above indicators. Meanwhile, it significantly improved the expression levels of the barrier factor PT-1, the reparative cytokine IL-22, and Cu/Zn-SOD. CPC substitution resulted in a remarkable downregulated abundance of Firmicutes phyla, Flavobacterium spp., and Bacillus spp. B. coagulans treatment induced the callback of Firmicutes abundance and improved the relative abundance of Sphingomonas, Bacillus, and Ralstonia. Functional prediction indicated that CPC substitution resulted in elevated potential pathogenicity of microbial flora, and B. coagulans reduces the pathogenesis risk. Pearson's correlation analysis established a significant positive correlation between differential genera (Sphingomonas, Bacillus, and Ralstonia) and secondary metabolites (including sphingosine, dehydrophytosphingosine, amino acid metabolites, etc.). Meanwhile, the latter were significantly associated with intestinal immunoregulation-related genes (Cu/Zn-SOD, IL-22, PT-1, Toll, and Relish). This study indicated that B. coagulans could mediate specific gut microbes and the combined action of multiple functional secondary metabolites to affect intestinal barrier function, digestion, and inflammation. Our study revealed the decisive role of gut microbes and derived secondary metabolites in the model of dietary composition-induced intestinal injury and probiotic treatment from a new perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qunlan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Cunxin Sun
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Synbiotic Lactic Dry ® enhanced the growth performance, growth-related genes, intestinal health, and immunity of Nile tilapia reared in inland brackish groundwater. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Nile tilapia is recognized as a suitable candidate for intensive farming and sustainability of the aquaculture industry. However, one issue limiting Nile tilapia expansion in arid and semi-arid areas is the scarcity of freshwater resources. In this study, the supplementation of synbiotics was investigated to enhance the growth performance, growth-related genes, intestinal health, and immunity of Nile tilapia reared in inland brackish groundwater. Four diets were prepared where the basal diets were mixed with the dietary mixture of probiotics and prebiotics (Synbiotic Lactic Dry®, a blend of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecium, and Bacillus subtilis, mannan oligosaccharides and β-1.3/1.6-D-glucan) at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg. After eight weeks, the final weight and weight gain are linearly increasing with increasing the supplementation level of synbiotic. Markedly fish fed 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg of synbiotic had higher final weight, weight gain, and feed intake and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) than fish fed synbiotic free diet. The specific growth rate (SGR) was significantly higher in fish fed 1 and 2 g/kg than in fish fed 0 and 0.5 g/kg. The intestine of fish fed on synbiotic shows an increase in intestinal villi density. Further, the intestine of fish fed on synbiotic showed an increase in the length and branching intestinal villi (anterior, middle, and posterior) in a dose-dependent manner. The lysozyme and phagocytic activities were significantly different from the control, while synbiotic supplementation did not affect the phagocytic index. Interestingly, the results showed marked upregulation of ghrelin, IGF-1, and GH genes in fish fed synbiotics at 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg. In addition, fish fed 2 g/kg had the highest expression of ghrelin, IGF-1, and GH genes. In conclusion, growing Nile tilapia in inland brackish groundwater can be achieved without negative impacts on the growth performance and health status. Supplementing synbiotics (1-2 g/kg) in Nile tilapia feeds enhanced the growth and feed performances, intestinal histomorphological features, growth-related genes, and immune response.
Collapse
|
7
|
The dietary mixture of betaine, lactic acid bacteria, and exogenous digestive enzymes enhanced the growth performance, intestinal health, and immunity of Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) grown in outdoor concrete tanks. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
It has been illustrated that using mixtures of feed additives is more efficient than using individual additives in aquaculture. Hence, this study aimed to study a dietary mixture of betaine, lactic acid bacteria, and exogenous digestive enzymes (BLE) on the growth performance, digestion capacity, intestinal health, and blood indices of Nile tilapia reared outdoors in concrete tanks. Five diets were prepared where the basal diets mixed with BLE at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1%. After 90 days, the growth performance of Nile tilapia-fed BLE was markedly enhanced in fish fed 0.25 and 0.5% of BLE, while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was reduced (P<0.05). The lipase activity was significantly higher in tilapia fed BLE at 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75% than 0 and 1%. The amylase activity was meaningfully increased by 0.5% of BLE than 0, 0.25, 0.75, and 1%. The protease activity was significantly higher in tilapia fed BLE at 0.25 and 0.5 than 0, 0.75, and 1% (P<0.05). The intestine of fish fed on BLE showed an increase in intestinal villi density. The villi length, width, and the number of goblet cells were markedly higher in the anterior, middle, and posterior segments of the intestines of tilapia fed BLE than in the control group (P<0.05). Further, fish fed BLE had higher intestinal morphometry indices and count of goblet cells than the control. Significantly fish fed 0.25, and 0.5% of BLE had higher hemoglobulin, and hematocrit levels than fish fed 0, 0.75, and 1%. While, fish fed 0.5% had higher red blood cells than fish fed the remaining BLE levels (P<0.05). On the other hand, no marked effects for BLE supplementation were seen on the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, uric acid, and urea. The regression analysis showed that the maximum dose of BLE supplementation to achieve the highest final weight and the lowest FCR is 0.46% and 0.42%, respectively.
Collapse
|
8
|
Atamanalp M, Türkez H, Yeltekin AÇ, Özgeriş FB, Ucar A, Çağlar Ö, Parlak V, Oner S, Alak G. Borax relieved the acrylamide-induced hematotoxic, hepatotoxic, immunotoxic and genotoxic damages in rainbow trout by regulating apoptosis and Nrf2 signaling pathway. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 259:109396. [PMID: 35710039 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide(AA) is a compound with wide usage areas including paper, dyes, and plastics industries. Due to its broad spectrum and water solubility suggest that this vinyl compound may cause serious environmental problems. AA was shown to exhibit neurotoxic, immunotoxic, reproductive toxicant as well as carcinogenic potency on animals. Especially in recent years, the therapeutic effects of boron and boron containing compounds like borax(BX), ulexite(ULX) and colemanite(COL) had been reported. However, the ameliorative potential by boron compounds against AA-induced toxicities had not been investigated yet. Therefore, in this investigation rainbow trout were exposed acutely to AA in the presence and absence of BX. The hematological indices and genotoxic end-points were examined in the fish blood tissue. In addition to oxidative stress response, the levels of DNA damage, CASP3, TNF-α, Nrf-2 as well as IL-6 amounts were determined in both blood and liver tissues of fish. The obtained results executed that AA induced toxic conditions in both tissues. In fact, an increase in the amount of oxidative stress and ROS, and a decrease in GSH levels were observed. AA exposure led to an increase in CASP3levels and 8-OHdG formation. It was also found that Nrf-2 pathway contributed to the initiation of oxidative stress that associated with AA-induced toxicity. On the contrary, our findings indicated that co-exposure of BX with AA elicited oxidative stress and cell death. In a conclusion BX was suggested as a useful and effective natural agent for the prevention and early treatment of AA toxicity in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Atamanalp
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hasan Türkez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Fatma Betül Özgeriş
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Arzu Ucar
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Özge Çağlar
- Erzurum Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Veysel Parlak
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sena Oner
- Erzurum Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gonca Alak
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The multi-enzymes and probiotics mixture improves the growth performance, digestibility, intestinal health, and immune response of Siberian sturgeon ( Acipenser baerii). ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The inclusion of exogenous digestive enzymes and probiotics is well established in the aquafeed industry. The mixture of multienzymes and probiotics improves the feed utilization and wellbeing of aquatic animals than the individual supplementation. Herein, we evaluated the exogenous multi-enzyme mixture (beta-glucanase, cellulase, alfa-amylase, protease, xylanase, and phytase) at 250 mg/kg and multi-species probiotic (Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. delbrueckii, L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, and Pediococcus acidilactici; 1 × 1010 CFU/g for each bacterial strain) at 2 g/kg on the performances of Siberian sturgeon. The final weight, weight gain, SGR, and PER were markedly enhanced while the FCR was reduced in fish fed multienzyme and probiotics premix (P<0.05). Multi enzymes and probiotic mixture significantly increased the total body protein content (P˃0.05). Multi enzymes and probiotic mixture also improved the digestibility of crude protein, dry matter, and crude lipids nutrients (P<0.05). The count of Goblet cells, microvilli diameter, microvilli length, outer muscle wall diameter, and enterocyte total absorptive surface were markedly increased (P<0.05) by dietary multienzymes and probiotics mixture. The WBCs and neutrophils showed marked improvements (P<0.05). The levels of glucose, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen, and total bilirubin were markedly higher in fish fed the control than fish fed the multienzymes and probiotics mixture (P<0.05). Significantly, Siberian sturgeon-fed dietary multienzymes and probiotics had improved lysozyme activity, total immunoglobulin, and total protein in the skin mucus and serum samples (P<0.05). Further, the serum complement C3 and C4 was higher in fish-delivered multienzymes and probiotic mixture than in control (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary probiotics synergistically enhanced the activity of multienzymes and resulted in increased feed utilization, nutrient digestibility, and health status of Siberian sturgeon.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hossain TJ, Das M, Ali F, Chowdhury SI, Zedny SA. Substrate preferences, phylogenetic and biochemical properties of proteolytic bacteria present in the digestive tract of Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). AIMS Microbiol 2022; 7:528-545. [PMID: 35071947 PMCID: PMC8712536 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2021032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate intestine appears to be an excellent source of proteolytic bacteria for industrial and probiotic use. We therefore aimed at obtaining the gut-associated proteolytic species of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). We have isolated twenty six bacterial strains from its intestinal tract, seven of which showed exoprotease activity with the formation of clear halos on skim milk. Their depolymerization ability was further assessed on three distinct proteins including casein, gelatin, and albumin. All the isolates could successfully hydrolyze the three substrates indicating relatively broad specificity of their secreted proteases. Molecular taxonomy and phylogeny of the proteolytic isolates were determined based on their 16S rRNA gene barcoding, which suggested that the seven strains belong to three phyla viz. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, distributed across the genera Priestia, Citrobacter, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Burkholderia, Providencia, and Micrococcus. The isolates were further characterized by a comprehensive study of their morphological, cultural, cellular and biochemical properties which were consistent with the phylogenetic annotations. To reveal their proteolytic capacity alongside substrate preferences, enzyme-production was determined by the diffusion assay. The Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas and Micrococcus isolates appeared to be most promising with maximum protease production on casein, gelatin, and albumin media respectively. Our findings present valuable insights into the phylogenetic and biochemical properties of gut-associated proteolytic strains of Nile tilapia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanim Jabid Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh.,Biochemistry and Pathogenesis of Microbes Research Group, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Mukta Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh.,Biochemistry and Pathogenesis of Microbes Research Group, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Ferdausi Ali
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Sumaiya Islam Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh.,Biochemistry and Pathogenesis of Microbes Research Group, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Subrina Akter Zedny
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh.,Biochemistry and Pathogenesis of Microbes Research Group, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|