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do Amaral Júnior JM, Martorano LG, Nahúm BDS, de Castro VCG, Sousa LF, Rodrigues TCGDC, da Silva JAR, da Costa Silva AL, Lourenço Júnior JDB, Berndt A, e Silva AGM. Feed intake, emission of enteric methane and estimates, feed efficiency, and ingestive behavior in buffaloes supplemented with palm kernel cake in the Amazon biome. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1053005. [PMID: 36619961 PMCID: PMC9811383 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1053005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of palm kernel cake as an alternative to conventional ingredients, due to the presence of residual fat, can also reduce methane emissions. The objective of the study was to evaluate, in two different experiments, the effects of palm kernel cake supplementation on feed intake, enteric methane production and estimates, and the ingestive behavior of buffaloes in the Amazon biome. In experiment 1, to evaluate feed intake, methane production, and feed efficiency, 20 crossbred females, dry and empty, with a mean age of 34 months and an initial body weight of 514 ± 69 kg, were supplemented with palm kernel cake for 60 days. The supply was calculated in relation to body weight (BW) in four treatments: 0% (control); 0.25, 0.50, and 1% of palm kernel cake, distributed in a completely randomized design. In experiment 2, to evaluate the ingestive behavior, 24 mixed-breed, dry, and non-pregnant buffaloes supplemented with palm kernel cake were evaluated in the less rainy season (LR) and the wettest season (WS) of the eastern Amazon, distributed in a completely randomized in the same treatments as experiment 1. The inclusion of palm kernel cake in the supplementation increased the feed intake of dry matter and components (MM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and EE) (P < 0.01), reducing the production of enteric methane intake (P < 0.01), the ratio per kg of meat produced (P < 0.01) and feed efficiency (P < 0.01), and influenced the ingestive behavior (time grazing, rumination, and idleness) during the day. We suggest that further research be carried out to verify the results and improve the use of this co-product as a methanogenesis mitigator.
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Net Conversion of Human-Edible Vitamins and Minerals in the U.S. Southern Great Plains Beef Production System. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172170. [PMID: 36077891 PMCID: PMC9454978 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Beef is a good source of several vitamins and minerals but data on the net contribution to the human diet is lacking. The objective was to quantify the net nutrient contribution of the beef supply chain to provide vitamins and minerals to the human diet. Beef cattle production parameters for the beef supply chain were as described by Baber et al., 2018 with the red and organ meat yield from each production segment estimated using literature values of serially-harvested beef cattle. Nutrient concentration of feeds was acquired from feed composition tables in nutrient requirement texts, and the nutrient concentration of beef and organ meats was based on 2018 USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies. The nutrient absorption coefficients of feeds, red meat, and organs were acquired from the literature. The human-edible conversion ratio was >1.0 for phosphorus when only red meat yield was considered indicating that the beef supply chain produced more human-edible phosphorus than it consumed. When organ meats were included, riboflavin, niacin, choline, and phosphorus had conversion ratios >1.0. After adjusting for the absorption of nutrients, the beef supply chain was a net contributor of niacin and phosphorus in the human diet when accounting for red meat yield only, but when including organ meats, iron, riboflavin, and choline also had conversion ratios >1.0. The maximum proportion of corn in the corn grain plus distillers’ grains component of the feedlot diets for the absorbable conversion ratio to be ≥1 ranged from 8.34 to 100.00% when only red meat yield was considered and from 32.02 to 100.00% when red and organ meats were considered. In conclusion, the current beef production system in the Southern Great Plains produces more human-absorbable iron, phosphorus, riboflavin, niacin, and choline to the human diet than is consumed in the beef supply chain.
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Colgrave ML, Dominik S, Tobin AB, Stockmann R, Simon C, Howitt CA, Belobrajdic DP, Paull C, Vanhercke T. Perspectives on Future Protein Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15076-15083. [PMID: 34883012 PMCID: PMC8704167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An increasing world population, rising affluence, urbanization, and changing eating habits are all contributing to the diversification of protein production. Protein is a building block of life and is an essential part of a healthy diet, providing amino acids for growth and repair. The challenges and opportunities for production of protein-rich foods from animals (meat, dairy, and aquaculture), plant-based sources (pulses), and emerging protein sources (insects, yeast, and microalgae) are discussed against the backdrop of palatability, nutrition, and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonja Dominik
- CSIRO
Agriculture and Food, Armidale, New South Wales 2350, Australia
| | - Aarti B. Tobin
- CSIRO
Agriculture and Food, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | | | - Cedric Simon
- CSIRO
Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Crispin A. Howitt
- CSIRO
Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | | | - Cate Paull
- CSIRO
Agriculture and Food, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Thomas Vanhercke
- CSIRO
Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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