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Landaeta-Hernández AJ, Ungerfeld R, Chenoweth PJ. Biostimulation and pheromones in livestock: A review. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 248:107154. [PMID: 36495839 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review examines aspects of the phenomenon of biostimulation in swine, goats, sheep, cattle and deer, to improve the collective knowledge and exploitation of its relevant mechanisms and effects in animal production. The long-term goal is to implement biostimulation strategies that benefit livestock reproduction and production while being both cost-effective and socially acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodolfo Ungerfeld
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Veterinaria, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Peter J Chenoweth
- James Cook University, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences Townsville, Queensland 4814, Australia
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Zarazaga L, Gatica M, Delgado-Pertíñez M, Hernández H, Guzmán J, Delgadillo J. Efficacy of long day photoperiod treatment with respect to age of bucks for stimulation of the “male effect” on does at Mediterranean latitudes. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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El Kadili S, Chentouf M, Raes M, Bister JL, Beckers JF, Amzati G, Madani I, Archa B, Kirschvink N. Response to the sexually active buck effect in Beni Arouss goats primed with progestagens during the anoestrus and breeding seasons. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2093657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara El Kadili
- Department of Animal Production, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Meknès, Morocco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Integrated Veterinary Research Unit, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Faculty of Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Mouad Chentouf
- Regional Center of Tangier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Marianne Raes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Integrated Veterinary Research Unit, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Faculty of Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-Loup Bister
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Integrated Veterinary Research Unit, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Faculty of Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | | | - Gaston Amzati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Integrated Veterinary Research Unit, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Faculty of Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Ilham Madani
- Department of Biology, Meknes Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknès, Morocco
| | - Bouchaib Archa
- Department of Animal Production, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Meknès, Morocco
| | - Nathalie Kirschvink
- Department of Medicine, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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Zarazaga LÁ, Gatica MC, De La Rosa I, Delgado-Pertíñez M, Guzmán JL. The High Testosterone Concentrations of the Bucks Used in the "Male Effect" Is Not a Prerequisite for Obtaining High Ovarian Activity in Goats from Mediterranean Latitudes. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12080954. [PMID: 35454200 PMCID: PMC9029418 DOI: 10.3390/ani12080954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were carried out. Firstly, 54 anestrous females were placed in contact with photostimulated males (Photo; n = 27) or with no photostimulated males (Natural; n = 27). Moreover, a group of bucks treated with artificial photoperiod and a group of bucks subjected to natural photoperiod without contact with females was used (Photo Isolated and Natural Isolated, respectively). In the Natural groups, the testosterone concentrations were similar except for three days after the introduction of the bucks to the does (19.72 ± 4.11 vs. 2.05 ± 0.25 ng/mL for Natural and Natural isolated bucks, respectively, p < 0.05). However, no differences were observed in the Photo groups during the entire experiment. The percentage of females showing estrous was higher in the group of females in contact with photostimulated bucks (96 vs. 74%, respectively, p < 0.05). In the second experiment, a GnRH agonist, deslorelin, was used to regulate the testosterone concentrations of the bucks. Seventy anestrous females were divided into five groups depending on the treatment received by the bucks to which they were exposed: photostimulated bucks (Photo group, n = 14); photostimulated bucks but treated with the agonist at the onset of the photoperiod treatment (Photo-Ago Long group, n = 13); photostimulated bucks but treated with the agonist at the end of the photoperiod treatment (Photo-Ago Short group, n = 15); bucks receiving no photostimulation but treated with the agonist at the end of the photoperiod treatment period (Natural-Ago Short group, n = 13) and bucks receiving no photostimulation nor agonist (Natural group, n = 15). The agonist treatment increased testosterone concentrations after the injection, which remained high for the entire experiment (p < 0.05). Six days after the introduction of the bucks to the does, the testosterone concentrations increased only in the Natural group reaching similar concentrations to the other groups (12.17 ± 6.55, 16.69 ± 4.53, 8.70 ± 0.61, 11.03 ± 1.45 and 14.42 ± 3.64 ng/mL for Photo, Photo-Ago Long, Photo-Ago Short, Natural-Ago Short and Natural bucks, respectively, p > 0.05). No differences in reproductive parameters were observed (p > 0.05). These results demonstrate that, at Mediterranean latitudes, anestrous females can stimulate the testosterone concentrations of bucks after a period of isolation. The high testosterone concentrations are not a prerequisite for an adequate response to the male effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ángel Zarazaga
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, “Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3”, Campus Universitario de la Rábida, Universidad de Huelva, Carretera de Huelva-Palos de la Frontera, s/n, 21819 Huelva, Spain; (I.D.L.R.); (J.L.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-959217713
| | - María-Carolina Gatica
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avenida Arturo Prat, Iquique 2120, Chile;
| | - Ignacio De La Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, “Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3”, Campus Universitario de la Rábida, Universidad de Huelva, Carretera de Huelva-Palos de la Frontera, s/n, 21819 Huelva, Spain; (I.D.L.R.); (J.L.G.)
| | - Manuel Delgado-Pertíñez
- Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad de Sevilla, Ctra. Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - José Luis Guzmán
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, “Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3”, Campus Universitario de la Rábida, Universidad de Huelva, Carretera de Huelva-Palos de la Frontera, s/n, 21819 Huelva, Spain; (I.D.L.R.); (J.L.G.)
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Fernández IG, Avilés R, Grimaldo-Viesca E, Ulloa-Arvizu R, Duarte G, Flores JA, Hernández H. Sexually inexperienced, photo-stimulated, 27-month-old male goats showed undiminished sexual behavior and ability to induce estrus and ovulation in anestrous females. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Approaches of estrous synchronization in sheep: developments during the last two decades: a review. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:485. [PMID: 34581865 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02932-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current review was to summarize the protocols used for estrous synchronization in ewes during the last two decades. Progesterone (P4) is a major hormone used in most protocols. P4 in the form of a controlled internal drug releasing (CIDR) device, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP), and fluorogestone acetates (FGA) has been used for estrous synchronization. Also, gonadotropins such as equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) are often administered at the end of P4-based protocols to improve fertility. Moreover, the administration of prostaglandins (PG) and ram effects have been used for estrus induction and synchronization of ewes. The findings of previous studies indicate that the outcome of administering various synthetics P4 analogues (CIDR, MAP, and FGA) in ewes is comparable in terms of estrous synchronization/induction. The supplementation of P4-based protocols with eCG, however, improves the estrus response and pregnancy rate during breeding and non-breeding season. On the other hand, PG is effective for successful estrous synchronization during the breeding season only. Often, two injections of PG are administered either 11 or 14 days apart along with P4-based protocols to lyse ovine corpus luteum (CL) when it is receptive to PG i.e., 3 days post-ovulation. Alternatively, the "ram effect" has been shown to improve the efficacy of P4-based protocols and can be used as an alternative to eCG in ewes. The current review describes the methods of synchronization and their outcomes during breeding and a non-breeding season in ewes.
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Zambra N, Lacuesta L, Orihuela A, Ungerfeld R. Ewes behavioural and physiological reactions to the odour of fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) faeces. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Organic breeding in Sarda ewes: Utilization of the ram effect in an artificial insemination program. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ungerfeld R, Clemente N, Orihuela A. Treatments with eCG and courtship behaviour in rams during the breeding and the non-breeding seasons. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG or PMSG) is a hormone with FSH/LH effect that has been widely used in ewes and cows to induce follicle development. However, the possible positive effects of its administration to males have been rarely studied. ECG stimulates testosterone secretion and increases rams’ ability to stimulate ovulation in anoestrous ewes (the ‘ram effect’), but it is still not known if this effect is at least partially explained by an enhancement of a ram’s sexual behaviour. Thus, the aim was to determine if the administration of eCG induces an increase in testosterone concentration, and thus improves sexual behaviour of Saint Croix rams during both the breeding and the non-breeding seasons. Two doses of 1000 IU of eCG were administered separated by 4 days to 10 rams during the breeding and five rams during the non-breeding seasons, with the same number of animals as untreated controls. Administration of eCG increased testosterone concentration during the breeding (P = 0.008) and the non-breeding (P = 0.0009) seasons. The number of ano-genital sniffings, lateral approaches, as well as total courtship behaviours were greater in treated than untreated rams during the breeding season. Treated rams also tended to mount and mate more during the breeding season. During the non-breeding season, treated rams tended to display more ano-genital sniffs, lateral approaches and total courtship behaviours than untreated rams 6 days after the first dose. Overall, eCG increased testosterone concentrations the breeding and the non-breeding seasons, and was associated with a greater display of sexual behaviours during the former.
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Follicular size, luteinizing hormone (LH), and progesterone (P4) levels in postpartum Santa Inês ewes subjected to ram effect combined with suckling interruption. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fernández IG, Flores Medina E, Flores JA, Hernández H, Vielma J, Fitz-Rodríguez G, Duarte G. Absence of previous sexual experience did not modify the response of anoestrous goats to photo-stimulated bucks in Spring. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1384335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilda G. Fernández
- Center of Research on Caprine Reproduction (CIRCA), Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Torreón, México
| | - Elizabeth Flores Medina
- Center of Research on Caprine Reproduction (CIRCA), Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Torreón, México
| | - José A. Flores
- Center of Research on Caprine Reproduction (CIRCA), Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Torreón, México
| | - Horacio Hernández
- Center of Research on Caprine Reproduction (CIRCA), Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Torreón, México
| | - Jesús Vielma
- Center of Research on Caprine Reproduction (CIRCA), Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Torreón, México
| | - Gonzalo Fitz-Rodríguez
- Center of Research on Caprine Reproduction (CIRCA), Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Torreón, México
| | - Gerardo Duarte
- Center of Research on Caprine Reproduction (CIRCA), Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Torreón, México
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Santos SI, Sánchez-Dávila F, Vázquez-Armijo JF, Ledezma-Torres RA, del Bosque-González AS, Palomera CL, Bernal-Barragán H. Changes in Sexual Behaviour and Semen Quality Associated with Age and Type of Enclosure of Saint Croix Rams in Different Seasons of the Year. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.3890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Equine chorionic gonadotrophin administration to rams improves their effectiveness to stimulate anoestrous ewes (the “ram effect”). Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 149:194-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wespi B, Sieme H, Wedekind C, Burger D. Exposure to stallion accelerates the onset of mares' cyclicity. Theriogenology 2014; 82:189-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ungerfeld R. Seasonal reproductive patterns and effectiveness as teasers (ram effect) of Corriedale and Milchschaf rams. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/an12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The first objective of this study was to compare the seasonal reproductive pattern of Corriedale and Milchschaf rams. Because seasonal patterns were similar, a second objective was to compare the effectiveness of rams from both breeds to induce oestrus in seasonally anoestrous Corriedale ewes using the ram effect. In the first experiment, the seasonal changes of bodyweight, scrotal circumference, testosterone concentrations, sexual behaviour towards oestrous ewes (ano-genital sniffing, lateral approaches, flehmen, mount attempts, mounts, and copulation), and semen characteristics (total spermatozoa in the ejaculate, mass motility, and percentage of alive and normal spermatozoa) were recorded during 13 months in five Corriedale and seven Milchschaf rams. All recorded variables changed through the year, with maximum reproductive patterns occurring in summer and autumn. Milchschaf rams were heavier than Corriedale rams, but no difference was observed in their reproductive patterns. Experiment 2 was performed during the non-breeding season with 169 Corriedale and Polwarth mulitparous ewes. All ewes were isolated from the rams so that they could not see, hear or smell them (minimum distance: 1000 m) from Day –40. They were primed over 8 days with an intravaginal sponge impregnated with 50 mg of medroxiprogesterone. Four Corriedale rams were introduced to 83 ewes, and four Milchschaf rams to the remaining 86 ewes at sponge withdrawal, and oestrus was recorded for 5 days. On Day 5, no ewe of the group bred with Milchschaf rams was marked. By contrast, 46 out of 83 (55.4%) of the ewes bred with Corriedale rams were marked (P < 0.0001). It was concluded that reproductive seasonal pattern of Corriedale and Milchschaf rams, including scrotal circumference, testosterone concentrations, sexual behaviour and semen characteristics, was similar. However, Corriedale rams were more effective than Milchschaf rams in inducing oestrus in anoestrus ewes (the ram effect).
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Darwish RA, Mahboub HDH. Breed and experience effect on the sexual behaviors of Damascus and Egyptian-Nubian goat bucks. Theriogenology 2011; 76:1386-92. [PMID: 21872315 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study compares the sexual behaviors of bucks from two pure breeds of goats, Damascus and Egyptian-Nubian (Zaraibi), and assesses their relationships with the pregnancy and kidding rates of their inseminated does. Twenty-three bucks (12 Damascus and 11 Egyptian-Nubian bucks) were used in this study. These bucks were either in their first season of service (N =12, with an average age of 1.51 years) or had been previously used in service for several seasons (N = 11, with an average age of 3.34 years). Buck service behaviors toward estrous does were continuously recorded for 30 minutes from the moment of appearance of the doe. Egyptian-Nubian bucks were highly sexually active with estrous does in comparison with Damascus bucks. They required less time to mount and ejaculate for the first (P < 0.04) and second times (P < 0.0002) and tended to sniff, nudge and vocalize more frequently than Damascus bucks. In addition, Egyptian-Nubian bucks had more ejaculations and a higher mating efficiency (27.48% vs. 10.21%, P < 0.001), and their inseminated does had a higher pregnancy rate and larger litter sizes. Regarding the effect of experience, the data revealed a limited influence. No significant differences in sexual behavior were recorded between younger and older bucks. Conversely, pregnancy, kidding rates, and litter size were not influenced by the total number of ejaculations. From these results, it can be concluded that there were sexual behavior differences as a function of breed between Damascus and Egyptian-Nubian bucks and that experience had little impact in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Darwish
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Head morphometric changes in cryopreserved ram spermatozoa are related to sexual maturity. Theriogenology 2011; 75:473-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Delgadillo JA, Gelez H, Ungerfeld R, Hawken PAR, Martin GB. The 'male effect' in sheep and goats--revisiting the dogmas. Behav Brain Res 2009; 200:304-14. [PMID: 19374015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Male-induced ovulation in sheep and goats (the 'male effect'), documented during the period 1940-1960, has long been shrouded in preconceptions concerning how, when and why it worked. These preconceptions became dogmas but recent research is challenging them so, in this review, we have re-visited some major physiological (breed seasonality; characteristics of the response; the nature of the male stimuli) and physical factors (duration of male presence; isolation from male stimuli) that affect the phenomenon. We reject the dogma that ewes must be isolated from males and conclude that male 'novelty' is more important than isolation per se. Similarly, we reject the perception that the neuroendocrine component of the male effect is restricted to anovulatory females. Finally, we re-assess the relative importance of olfactory and non-olfactory signals, and develop a perspective on the way male-induced ovulation fits with preconceptions about pheromonal processes in mammals. Overall, our understanding of the male effect has evolved significantly and it is time to modify or reject our dogmas so this field of research can advance. We can now ask new questions regarding the application of the male effect in industry and develop research so we can fully understand this biological phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alberto Delgadillo
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Caprina, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periférico Raúl López Sánchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, Coahuila, Mexico.
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Ungerfeld R, González-Pensado S. Social rank affects reproductive development in male lambs. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 109:161-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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