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Bertuzzi ML, Torres EY, Durand MGP, Huanca T, Giuliano SM, Carretero MI. Cooling of alpaca spermatozoa using an extender with the addition of different percentages of seminal plasma. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 260:107383. [PMID: 38061197 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of different percentages of seminal plasma (SP) during the cooling at 5 °C of alpaca spermatozoa from vas deferens. Fifteen pools of sperm from vas deferens were evaluated and then divided into four aliquots that were diluted to a final concentration of 30 × 106 sperm/ml with either: (1) Tris with 20% egg yolk (T-EY) (control, 0% SP), (2) T-EY with 10% SP, (3) T-EY with 25% SP, and (4) T-EY with 50% SP. Samples were cooled at 5 °C and the following sperm parameters were evaluated after 24 and 48 h of storage: motility, viability, membrane function, acrosome integrity, morphology, and chromatin condensation. Motility was also evaluated after 72 h of storage. A significant decrease in progressive and total sperm motility was observed in samples cooled with 50% SP with respect to all diluted samples, while these parameters were preserved in samples cooled with 0%, 10%, and 25% SP. The percentages of sperm viability, normal morphology, and highly condensed chromatin did not change after the cooling process and were similar between cooled samples. Although a significant decrease was observed in the percentage of spermatozoa with functional membranes and with an intact acrosome in all refrigerated samples compared to raw sperm, the greatest decrease was observed in samples cooled with 50% SP. No advantage was observed from the addition of SP to alpaca spermatozoa obtained from vas deferens and being cooled. In addition, to preserve the sperm motility of cooled samples for up to 72 h, it should be recommended to include a 10% SP in the extender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lucía Bertuzzi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edita Yola Torres
- Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano Puno, Puno, Peru; Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Centro de Investigación y Producción Quinsachata, Puno, Peru
| | - Manuel Guido Pérez Durand
- Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano Puno, Puno, Peru; Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Centro de Investigación y Producción Quinsachata, Puno, Peru
| | - Teodosio Huanca
- Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Centro de Investigación y Producción Quinsachata, Puno, Peru
| | - Susana María Giuliano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Ignacia Carretero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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2
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Zampini R, Castro-González XA, Scandura M, Sari LM, Diaz AV, Martin A, Argañaraz ME, Apichela SA. Cryopreservation modifies the distribution of the prostate-derived lectin SL15 on the llama (Lama glama) sperm. Theriogenology 2023; 202:93-102. [PMID: 36933286 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Lectin-like molecules play a key role in mammalian sperm functionality. These multifunctional proteins have been proven to be involved in sperm capacitation, sperm motility, and viability, formation of the oviductal sperm reservoir, and in sperm-oocyte interaction. In a previous study, we reported the presence of a novel seminal plasma lectin, sperm lectin 15 kDa (SL15), adsorbed to the llama sperm. In order to gain knowledge in the understanding of SL15 and its functions, the aims of this study were to (a) elucidate the presence and localization of SL15 in the llama male reproductive tract and sperm, and (b) determine whether the sperm cryopreservation process of cooling and freeze-thawing affects the SL15 levels and distribution on llama sperm. We found that SL15 protein was expressed along the male reproductive system: testis, epididymis, prostate, and bulbourethral glands, being the prostate the main site of SL15 secretion. SL15 was localized on the sperm head, following different localization patterns. In order to understand if sperm cryopreservation induces modifications in the SL15 adsorption pattern, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry analysis were carried out on fresh, 24 h cooled, and frozen-thawed sperm. Both cooled and frozen sperm showed particular SL15 patterns, that were not observed in the freshly ejaculated, indicating loss of SL15. Flow cytometry analysis also exhibited a decrease of SL15 in the cooled sperm (P < 0.05), whereas a tendency to decrease was found in frozen-thawed sperm (P < 0.1) when compared with freshly ejaculated sperm. This study extends the knowledge about the SL15 in the llama male physiology and provides evidence that cryopreservation-related techniques disrupt SL15 adsorption to the sperm membrane, possibly affecting sperm functionality and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Zampini
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biologicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina; Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Ximena A Castro-González
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biologicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Micaela Scandura
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biologicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Luciana M Sari
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biologicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Ana V Diaz
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biologicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Martin
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, UNT, El Manantial, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Martin E Argañaraz
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biologicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina; Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvana A Apichela
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biologicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina; Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, UNT, El Manantial, Tucumán, Argentina.
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3
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Use of commercial extenders, with and without the addition of egg yolk, for cooling llama semen. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 247:107073. [PMID: 36162159 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two commercial extenders, AndroMed® (AM) and Androstar® Plus (AS) both with and without the addition of egg-yolk (EY), for cooling llama semen. A total of sixteen ejaculates were collected from four males. Each ejaculate was divided into four aliquots and diluted with: AM, AM with 20 % EY (AM-EY), AS and AS with 20 % EY (AS-EY) and then cooled to 5 °C in an Equitainer®. Evaluations were carried out in raw semen, after dilution (0 h) and after 24 and 48 h of cooling. Data were analysed using either Friedman or ANOVA. Although total motility decreased in all cooled samples compared to the corresponding 0 h (P < 0.05), the highest percentages were observed in AM-EY being significantly higher than all other cooled samples after 24 h and higher than AS and AS-EY after 48 h. No significant differences were observed in the percentages of live acrosome-intact sperm between extenders at all times tested. A significant decrease in the percentage of sperm membrane osmotic function was observed in samples cooled with AS and AS-EY after 24 and 48 h vs. raw semen and in AM 48 h vs. raw semen. Finally, a significant increase in the percentage of sperm with abnormal tails was observed in the samples cooled with AS and AS-EY. Of all the extenders used, AndroMed® could be considered an option for cooling llama semen and the addition of EY to this extender improves its effectiveness. DATA AVAILABILITY: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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García-Díaz JR, Chicaiza Sánchez LA, Garzón Jarrin RA, Masabanda-Soria EB. Influence of two electroejaculation voltages on the seminal quality of alpacas ( Vicugna pacos). JOURNAL OF THE SELVA ANDINA ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.36610/j.jsaas.2022.090100015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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García-Díaz JR, Chicaiza Sánchez LA, Garzón Jarrin RA, Masabanda-Soria EB. Influencia de dos voltajes de electroeyaculación en la calidad seminal de alpacas ( Vicugna pacos). JOURNAL OF THE SELVA ANDINA ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.36610/j.jsaas.2022.090100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rickard JP, Pool K, de Graaf SP, Portas T, Rourke N, Wiesner M, Hildebrandt TB, Göritz F, Hermes R. Increasing the Yield and Cryosurvival of Spermatozoa from Rhinoceros Ejaculates Using the Enzyme Papain. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020154. [PMID: 35205021 PMCID: PMC8869768 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Efficient collection and cryosurvival of semen from threatened wildlife species is key for the success of artificial reproductive technologies (ARTs). The viscous nature of ejaculates often collected from species such as rhinoceros, elephant, hippopotamus and primate, render the majority of spermatozoa collected useless and is therefore wasted. The enzyme papain has been used to reduce the viscosity of camelid semen but has yet to be tested in wildlife species. Therefore, the current study investigated the ability of papain to improve the yield and quality of spermatozoa collected from viscous fractions of the rhinoceros ejaculate during cryopreservation. Papain increased the quantity of useable spermatozoa collected from ejaculates, as well as the motility prior to freezing. It also improved the post-thaw motility, velocity, linearity and straightness of samples compared to spermatozoa frozen from the sperm-rich fraction of the ejaculate. There was no detrimental effect on membrane characteristics or DNA integrity. These results show that treating rhinoceros ejaculates with papain is able to salvage valuable spermatozoa and improve survival post-thaw, ultimately increasing the success of ARTs and creation of biobanks for the maintenance and survival of threatened species. Abstract The preservation of rhinoceros semen is vital for captive breeding programs. While successful collection and cryopreservation of rhinoceros semen has been reported, the volume and quality of semen produced is often low due to the high viscosity associated with ejaculates collected via electroejaculation. Reducing semen viscosity would enable access to previously unusable spermatozoa from viscous fractions and could improve quality post-thaw. The enzyme papain successfully reduced the viscosity of camelid semen but has yet to be tested in wildlife species. This study assessed the influence of papain on the in vitro quality of rhinoceros spermatozoa during cryopreservation using advanced semen assessment. In experiment 1, the motility of spermatozoa from the viscous fraction of an ejaculate, either untreated or treated with papain and its inhibitor E-64 prior to cryopreservation, was assessed post-thaw. In experiment 2, spermatozoa from papain-treated viscous fractions were compared to spermatozoa frozen from untreated sperm-rich fractions pre-freeze, as well as after 0, 1.5 and 3 h of incubation post-thaw (37 °C). Papain significantly increased the quantity of spermatozoa collected from ejaculates, as well as the motility prior to freezing. Papain also improved the post-thaw motility, velocity, linearity and straightness of samples compared to sperm-rich samples, with no detriment to sperm viability, lipid membrane disorder, production of ROS or DNA integrity (p < 0.05). Results show the benefit of supplementing rhinoceros spermatozoa with papain prior to cryopreservation on sperm cryosurvival and demonstrates the potential of using papain to improve the success of cryopreservation protocols, not only for the rhinoceros, but also for other wildlife species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica P. Rickard
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.P.); (S.P.d.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-93518564
| | - Kelsey Pool
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.P.); (S.P.d.G.)
| | - Simon P. de Graaf
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.P.); (S.P.d.G.)
| | - Timothy Portas
- Zoo and Wildlife Veterinary Consultancy, Maleny, QLD 4552, Australia;
| | | | | | - Thomas B. Hildebrandt
- Department of Reproductive Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315 Berlin, Germany; (T.B.H.); (F.G.); (R.H.)
| | - Frank Göritz
- Department of Reproductive Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315 Berlin, Germany; (T.B.H.); (F.G.); (R.H.)
| | - Robert Hermes
- Department of Reproductive Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315 Berlin, Germany; (T.B.H.); (F.G.); (R.H.)
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Flores Huarco NH, Giuliano SM, Fumuso FG, Miragaya MH, Cucho Dolmos HC, Carretero MI. Use of dimethylformamide to cryopreserve alpaca semen previously incubated with collagenase. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1387-1397. [PMID: 34379864 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of collagenase and two final dimethylformamide (DMF) concentrations (4% and 7%) on alpaca frozen-thawed sperm quality. A total of 25 ejaculates from 5 alpaca were obtained using electroejaculation. Each individual ejaculate was evaluated and then diluted 4:1 in a solution of 1 mg/ml collagenase in HEPES-TALP medium and incubated for 4 min at 37°C. Subsequently, samples were diluted in TRIS-fructose-citric acid-egg yolk and cooled to 5°C. Then, each sample was divided in two aliquots and DMF at final concentration of 4% or 7% was added, equilibrated for 1 hr at 5°C and frozen over liquid nitrogen vapours. A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate the sperm morphometry, and Completely Random Block designs were used to analyse sperm motility, viability, membrane function and acrosome status. After collagenase incubation, none of the samples showed thread formation, and sperm parameters were preserved. Non-progressive motile sperm were higher (p < .05) in equilibrated samples (4% DMF: 31.8 ± 8.3% and 7% DMF: 36.3 ± 11.8%) compared to raw (10.1 ± 4.3%) and frozen-thawed semen (4% DMF: 9.7 ± 1.8% and 7% DMF: 7.5 ± 3.2%). Sperm membrane function, membrane integrity and intact acrosomes were higher (p < .05) in raw semen (40.1 ± 12.2%, 94.6 ± 3.2% and 91.3 ± 8.1%) compared to frozen-thawed samples (4% DMF: 19.8 ± 4.7%, 53.2 ± 2.7%, 65.7 ± 8.7% and 7% DMF: 20.4 ± 4.5%, 54.1 ± 1.4%, 64.6 ± 9.1%). Length of the sperm head was lower in frozen-thawed samples, being statistically different with 4% DMF compared to pre-freezing samples. The ratio between acrosome and head areas was greater (p < .05) in frozen-thawed samples. Incubation of raw alpaca semen with collagenase decreased the thread formation without affecting sperm quality. Frozen of collagenase treated alpaca semen with 4% or 7% DMF did not preserve the sperm parameters in thawed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils H Flores Huarco
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú.,Escuela de Postgrado, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno, Puno, Perú
| | - Susana M Giuliano
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda G Fumuso
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo H Miragaya
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán C Cucho Dolmos
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú
| | - María I Carretero
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Aisen EG, Huanca López W, Pérez Durand MG, Torres Mamani E, Villanueva Mori JC, Ousset MJ, Medina VH, Pérez Guerra UH, Huanca Mamani T. Spermatozoa Obtained From Alpaca vas deferens. Effects of Seminal Plasma Added at Post-thawing. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:611301. [PMID: 33644145 PMCID: PMC7902725 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.611301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The viscous seminal plasma (SP) is currently a major impediment to the handling of ejaculate and the development of some biotechnologies in South American camelids. The vas deferens-collected spermatozoa of alpacas is a useful technique to avoid this problem. On the other hand, SP contains a large protein component that has been implicated in the function of spermatozoa within the female reproductive tract. In this sense, the low fertility achieved using transcervical insemination with frozen-thawed spermatozoa in alpacas could be improved by adding SP. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the whole SP on some in vitro parameters of alpaca spermatozoa after the freezing-thawing-process and the fertility after artificial insemination. It would contribute to a better understanding of the interaction between thawed sperm cells and SP. Spermatozoa were obtained by surgically diverted vas deferens. The samples were diluted with a Tris-based extender, packaged in straws, and frozen. At thawing, each straw was divided into two post-thawing conditions: with the addition of 10% of PBS (control) or with 10% SP (treatment). The sperm cells were evaluated using dynamic parameters, sperm cell morphology, and morphometry. Fertility was assessed by an artificial insemination trial. All in vitro parameters were analyzed by ANOVA. A heterogeneity test was scheduled for the fertility trial. After the freezing-thawing process, motility and plasma membrane functionality was improved when SP was added. No differences were found for post-thaw viability between the control and treatment samples. The percentage of normal cells was higher with SP at post-thawing, and a decrease of the presence of bent tailed spermatozoa with a droplet in the SP group was observed. The length of the head spermatozoa was 3.4% higher in the samples with PBS compared to those in which SP was added. Females pregnant at day 25 post-insemination were 0/12 (with SP inside the straw) and 1/10 (without SP inside the straw). In conclusion, the presence of 10% SP at post-thawing improves sperm cells' motility, functionality, and morphology, indicating that it would be beneficial to improve the frozen-thawed alpaca's physiology spermatozoa. More fertility trials must be developed to increase this knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo G Aisen
- Laboratorio de Teriogenología "Dr. Héctor H. Morello," Instituto de Biotecnología del Comahue-Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Facultad Cs. Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Cinco Saltos, Argentina
| | - Wilfredo Huanca López
- Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Manuel G Pérez Durand
- Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal y Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Peru
| | - Edita Torres Mamani
- Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria - Programa Nacional de Camélidos, Estación Experimental Quimsachata-ILLPA-Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, Puno, Peru
| | - Juan C Villanueva Mori
- Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - María J Ousset
- Laboratorio de Teriogenología "Dr. Héctor H. Morello," Instituto de Biotecnología del Comahue-Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Facultad Cs. Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Cinco Saltos, Argentina
| | - Víctor H Medina
- Laboratorio de Teriogenología "Dr. Héctor H. Morello," Instituto de Biotecnología del Comahue-Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Facultad Cs. Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Cinco Saltos, Argentina
| | - Uri H Pérez Guerra
- Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal y Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Peru
| | - Teodosio Huanca Mamani
- Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria - Programa Nacional de Camélidos, Estación Experimental Quimsachata-ILLPA-Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, Puno, Peru
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Guillén Palomino CY, Fumuso FG, Bertuzzi ML, Giuliano SM, Velásquez González N, Bariani MV, Carretero MI. Use of Androcoll-E TM to Separate Frozen-Thawed Llama Sperm From Seminal Plasma and Diluent. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:594926. [PMID: 33585592 PMCID: PMC7874046 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.594926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is not easy to separate frozen-thawed South American camelid sperm from seminal plasma (SP) and diluents to be used for in vitro embryo production. The objective of this study was to evaluate Androcoll-E™ (AE) efficiency to separate llama sperm from SP and freezing extender in frozen-thawed semen. A total of 22 ejaculates from five Lama glama males were collected using electroejaculation. After performing semen analysis (sperm motility, concentration, viability, membrane function, and acrosome integrity), samples were cryopreserved with a diluent containing lactose, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), egg yolk, and 7% dimethylformamide. After thawing, samples were divided in aliquots, one of which was used as a control and the others processed by AE. Experiment 1 (12 ejaculates): 100 μl of frozen-thawed semen was placed on top of 1,000 μl AE column and centrifuged at 800 g for 10 min. Experiment 2 (10 ejaculates): two samples of 100 μl of frozen-thawed semen were placed on two columns of 500 μl AE each, and both were centrifuged at 800 g for 10 and 20 min, respectively. Pellets were resuspended in Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate (TALP) medium, and sperm parameters were evaluated. A significant decrease in all sperm parameters was observed in thawed samples compared to raw semen. AE allowed the separation of frozen-thawed sperm from SP and freezing extender independently from the height of the column used and time of centrifugation assayed. Although no significant differences were found between AE columns, higher sperm recovery was observed with 500 μl of AE coupled with 20 min of centrifugation. Despite the significant decrease observed in sperm motility in AE samples, no changes in sperm viability, membrane function, and acrosome integrity were observed when comparing control thawed semen with the sperm recovered after AE (p > 0.05). The use of AE columns, either 500 or 1,000 μl, allows the separation of frozen-thawed llama sperm from SP and freezing extender, preserving the viability, membrane function, and acrosome integrity. Of the protocols studied, 800 g centrifugation during 20 min using a 500 μl column of AE would be the method of choice to process frozen-thawed llama semen destined for reproductive biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crissthel Yverlin Guillén Palomino
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Reproductiva, Estación Experimental Agraria Canaán, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA-Ayacucho), La Molina, Perú
| | - Fernanda Gabriela Fumuso
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Lucía Bertuzzi
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana María Giuliano
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Velásquez González
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Victoria Bariani
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Ignacia Carretero
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Carretero MI, Arraztoa CC, Fumuso FG, Chaves MG, Santa Cruz RC, Neild DM. Dehydration of llama sperm using different osmolarity media and temperatures for preservation. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 225:106683. [PMID: 33388611 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of dehydration on sperm DNA with the aim of eventually using this method for preserving llama spermatozoa. Two experiments were conducted: 1) sperm preservation at 5 °C for 60 days in different hyperosmotic solutions (500, 800, 1000 and 1200 mOsmol/l) (n = 6, replications = 2) and 2) sperm preservation at 5 and -20 °C for 60 days in the same hyperosmotic solutions, with supplementary antibiotics (n = 6, replications = 2). Sperm motility, membrane functional integrity, viability and morphology were evaluated at 0 and 48 h of the preservation period (Experiment 1) and at 30 min and 24 h (Experiment 2). Sperm DNA was evaluated at 0 or 30 min (Experiment 1 and 2, respectively) and on days 7, 14, 21, 30 and 60 of the preservation periods. Motility, membrane functional integrity and viability were less when sperm were dehydrated, while sperm cell morphology was not affected. There was a smaller percentage of sperm with condensed chromatin as duration of the preservation period increased when stored in the different hyperosmotic solutions. There was a markedly smaller (P < 0.05) percentage of sperm with intact DNA in all solutions as the duration of preservation increased, with there being greater values for intact DNA at -20 °C than sperm preserved at 5 °C. Llama sperm chromatin condensation was slightly affected by the process of dehydration. There was a markedly smaller percentage of sperm with intact DNA in the dehydrated semen samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ignacia Carretero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Claudia Cecilia Arraztoa
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Gabriela Fumuso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Graciela Chaves
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Argentina
| | - Romina Carla Santa Cruz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Argentina
| | - Deborah Margarita Neild
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Argentina
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11
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Carretero MI, Chaves MG, Arraztoa CC, Fumuso FG, Gambarotta MC, Neild DM. Air-Drying Llama Sperm Affects DNA Integrity. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:597952. [PMID: 33363235 PMCID: PMC7758352 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.597952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of air-drying preservation on llama sperm DNA. Semen collections were carried out using electroejaculation under general anesthesia. A total of 16 ejaculates were processed from 4 males (n = 4, r = 4). Each sample was diluted 4:1 in a collagenase solution in TALP media, then incubated and centrifuged at 800 g for 8 min. The pellet was re-suspended to a concentration of 20 million sperm/ml in TALP. Then the samples were placed onto sterile slides forming lines and were left to dry under laminar flow for 15 min. After this, the slides were placed into Falcon centrifuge tubes and kept at 5°C. Sperm characteristics (motility, membrane function, viability and morphology) were evaluated in raw semen and in the air-dried samples kept at 5°C for 30 min. DNA evaluation (integrity and degree of chromatin condensation) was carried out in raw semen and in the air-dried samples after 30 min, 7, 14, 21, 30, and 60 days after preservation. To compare raw semen to the air-dried samples, a Wilcoxon test was used for all sperm characteristics except for DNA, where a paired Student t-test was applied. A split plot design was used to compare chromatin condensation between the different periods of preservation and a Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare DNA integrity. Motility, membrane function, viability and sperm with intact DNA decreased in the air-dried samples (p < 0.05), while morphology and chromatin condensation were not affected (p > 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the percentage of sperm with condensed chromatin between the different periods of preservation (p > 0.05). On the other hand, a significant decrease in the percentage of sperm with intact DNA was observed as from day 7 of preservation (p < 0.05). In conclusion the air-drying process has a negative effect on llama sperm DNA, hence the media used will need to be improved to protect DNA and be able to implement this technique in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ignacia Carretero
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Graciela Chaves
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Cecilia Arraztoa
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Gabriela Fumuso
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Deborah Margarita Neild
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Bertuzzi ML, Torres EY, Huanca T, Neild D, Carretero MI. Comparison of Extenders With the Addition of Egg Yolk for Cooling Alpaca Sperm Obtained From Deferent Ducts. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:597954. [PMID: 33330721 PMCID: PMC7733988 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.597954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of non-commercial and commercial extenders for cooling alpaca sperm has already been reported, the latter showing certain advantages over the first. The Andromed® (AM) extender was created for use in ruminants and has also been tested in ejaculated and epididymal alpaca sperm. According to the manufacturer, this extender does not need the addition of egg yolk (EY); however, it is known that the addition of EY to some extenders improves the preservation of cooled sperm. The objective of this study therefore was to compare a non-commercial extender (Tris) with the addition of EY vs. the commercial extender AM with and without the addition of EY, for cooling alpaca sperm obtained from diverted deferent ducts. Fifteen pools of deferent duct sperm were formed using samples from two or three different males for each. Each sperm pool was evaluated and then divided into three aliquots that were diluted to a final concentration of 30 × 106 sperm ml-1 (0 h) with either: (1) Tris with 20% EY (T-EY), (2) AM, or (3) AM with 20% EY (AM-EY). Samples were cooled to 5°C and the following sperm parameters were evaluated after 24 and 48 h of storage: motility, viability, membrane function, acrosome integrity, morphology, and chromatin condensation. Motility was also evaluated after 72 h of storage. The samples that best preserved progressive and total sperm motility at the 24 and 48 h evaluation periods were the ones diluted with AM-EY, observing that with this extender these motility patterns decreased significantly after 72 h of storage compared to time 0 h (p < 0.05). A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in total and progressive motility was observed at 48 h for the T-EY and AM extender compared to 0 h. AM was the only extender in which the percentages of viable sperm decreased significantly (p < 0.05) after 48 h of conservation. For the rest of sperm parameters evaluated, no significant differences were observed between any of the extenders at any evaluation time. The Andromed® extender with the addition of 20% EY could be an alternative option for cooling alpaca sperm obtained from deferent ducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lucía Bertuzzi
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, INITRA, Cátedra de Teriogenología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edita Yola Torres
- Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano Puno, Puno, Peru
| | - Teodosio Huanca
- Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Centro de Investigación y Producción Quinsachata, Puno, Peru
| | - Deborah Neild
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, INITRA, Cátedra de Teriogenología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Ignacia Carretero
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, INITRA, Cátedra de Teriogenología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Al-Essawe EM, Abraham C, Kunkitti P, Axnér E, de Verdier K, Båge R, Morrell JM. Extenders for alpaca epididymal spermatozoa: Comparison of INRA96 and andromed. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 223:106629. [PMID: 33126045 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Artificial insemination would be a useful technique for alpaca breeders to use as an aid to breeding to increase fleece quality. The technique, however, is not well developed in alpacas, partly because of the viscous nature of their seminal plasma. Castration conducted for husbandry purposes can provide a source of epididymal spermatozoa to test semen extenders or handling regimens, thus circumventing the problem of the viscous ejaculate. In this experiment, two semen extenders (Andromed and INRA96) developed for other species (bovine and equine, respectively) were tested with alpaca spermatozoa derived from the cauda epididymis. Sperm total motility (mean ± SEM A: 29.1 ± 4.8 % compared with I: 35.4 ± 4.8 %; NS), membrane integrity (A: 58 ± 9% compared with I: 56 ± 9%; NS) and acrosome integrity (A: 65 ± 7% compared with I: 54 ± 7%; NS) were not different between the two extenders. Progressive motility with use of INRA96 was greater after incubating for 30 min than after incubating for 10 min (35 ± 4% vs. 12 ± 4%, respectively; P = 0.03). In conclusion, viable epididymal spermatozoa could be extracted from the castrated organs after overnight transport. There were no differences in sperm quality between the two extenders; therefore, it appears that either extender could be used for alpaca spermatozoa. These results could help in the development of a technique for artificial insemination in alpacas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essraa M Al-Essawe
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden; Al-Nahrain University-High Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies, Clinical Reproductive Physiology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Celina Abraham
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Panisara Kunkitti
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Theriogenology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Eva Axnér
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Renée Båge
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jane M Morrell
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden.
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14
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Bertuzzi ML, Fumuso FG, Giuliano SM, Miragaya MH, Gallelli MF, Carretero MI. New protocol to separate llama sperm without enzymatic treatment using Androcoll-E ™. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:1154-1162. [PMID: 32594592 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to design a protocol to separate spermatozoa from seminal plasma of raw llama semen without prior enzymatic treatment using a single-layer centrifugation with Androcoll-E™ (AE). Two experiments were performed: (a) samples were divided into three aliquots (1 ml) that were deposited on the top of 4, 5 or 6 ml of AE and were centrifuged at 800g for 20 min and (b) samples were divided into two aliquots (1 ml) that were deposited on the top of 4 ml of AE and were centrifuged at 600g or 1,000g for 20 min. Columns of 5 and 6 ml of AE showed a total sperm motility (TM) significantly lower, while in the 4 ml column, this parameter was not different from the TM of samples before the AE treatment. The percentage of spermatozoa with intact and functional membranes, normal morphology and intact acrosomes, as well as the percentages of sperm with highly condensed chromatin, was conserved (p ˃ .05) in the three column heights and in the two centrifugation speeds evaluated. In conclusion, the different column heights of AE (4, 5 and 6 ml) and the different centrifugation speeds used (600, 800 and 1,000g) allow separating spermatozoa of raw llama semen without enzymatic treatment, preserving the evaluated sperm characteristics. However, of all the studied treatments, centrifugation in the 4 ml column of AE at 800g would be the method of choice to process raw llama semen samples destined for reproductive biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana L Bertuzzi
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Teriogenología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda G Fumuso
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Teriogenología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana M Giuliano
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo H Miragaya
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Teriogenología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Gallelli
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Teriogenología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María I Carretero
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Teriogenología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Fumuso FG, Giuliano SM, Chaves G, Neild DM, Miragaya MH, Bertuzzi ML, Carretero MI. Incubation of frozen-thawed llama sperm with seminal plasma. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13597. [PMID: 32352585 DOI: 10.1111/and.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Seminal plasma is intimately connected to sperm physiology and particularly in South American Camelids, has demonstrated to be involved in multiple physiological reproductive events. Different percentages of seminal plasma (0%, 10% and 50%) were added to thawed llama semen samples with the objective of evaluating the interaction with cryopreserved sperm over time (0, 1.5 and 3 hr at 37°C). A total of 20 ejaculates from five adult llama males (n = 5; r = 4) were evaluated. A significant decrease in sperm motility, membrane function and live sperm was observed in all thawed samples (0%, 10% and 50%) at 0 hr when compared to raw semen. Neither morphology nor chromatin condensation was altered in all thawed samples (p > .05), but a significant increase in the percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA was observed after thawing all samples versus raw semen. When evaluating thawed samples over time, a significant decrease of motility and membrane function was observed, while the percentages of total live sperm were preserved over the 3 hr of incubation in all final concentrations evaluated. To conclude, the addition of 10% or 50% of seminal plasma was incapable of preserving motility or membrane function of frozen-thawed llama sperm during 3 hr of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gabriela Fumuso
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Theriogenology, Institute of Research and Technology in Animal Reproduction (INITRA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Marí Giuliano
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Theriogenology, Institute of Research and Technology in Animal Reproduction (INITRA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Chaves
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Theriogenology, Institute of Research and Technology in Animal Reproduction (INITRA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Deborah M Neild
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Theriogenology, Institute of Research and Technology in Animal Reproduction (INITRA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Horacio Miragaya
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Theriogenology, Institute of Research and Technology in Animal Reproduction (INITRA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana LucÍa Bertuzzi
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Theriogenology, Institute of Research and Technology in Animal Reproduction (INITRA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Ignacia Carretero
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Theriogenology, Institute of Research and Technology in Animal Reproduction (INITRA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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16
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Pequeno ACL, Arruda AA, Silva DF, Duarte Neto JMW, Silveira Filho VM, Converti A, Marques DAV, Porto ALF, Lima CA. Production and characterization of collagenase from a new Amazonian Bacillus cereus strain. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:501-509. [PMID: 30945982 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1587627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A new collagenase producing a strain of Bacillus cereus, isolated from the pollen of a bee of Amazon Region (Brazil), had its enzyme characterized and the production medium composition and culture conditions enhanced. A two-level design on three factors, namely initial medium pH, the substrate (gelatin) concentration and agitation intensity, allowed identifying the first two variables as the most significant ones, while a central composite design (CCD) was subsequently used to identify their optimal levels. Statistics highlighted maximized collagenolytic activity when substrate concentration and initial medium pH were selected at their highest levels (positive effects), whereas agitation intensity at the lowest (negative effect). Triplicate runs performed under predicted optimal conditions (pH 7.8 and 1.7% gelatin concentration) yielded a collagenolytic activity (305.39 ± 5.15 U) 4.6- to 15-fold those obtained with the preliminary design. The enzyme displayed optimum activity at 45 °C and pH 7.2, was stable over wide ranges of pH values and temperatures (7.2-11.0 and 25-50 °C, respectively) and was strongly inhibited by 10 mM phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride. The zymogram showed two prominent bands at 50 and 76 kDa. These results are a first attempt to elucidate the features of this new collagenase, its production conditions, and possible scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexsandra C L Pequeno
- a Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutic Innovation, University of Pernambuco-UPE , Garanhuns , PE , Brazil
| | - Aline A Arruda
- b Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA) , Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE , Recife , PE , Brazil
| | - Douglas F Silva
- a Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutic Innovation, University of Pernambuco-UPE , Garanhuns , PE , Brazil
| | - José M W Duarte Neto
- b Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA) , Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE , Recife , PE , Brazil
| | - Vladimir M Silveira Filho
- a Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutic Innovation, University of Pernambuco-UPE , Garanhuns , PE , Brazil
| | - Attilio Converti
- c Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Genoa University , Genoa , Italy
| | - Daniela A V Marques
- d Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Pernambuco (UPE) , Serra Talhada , PE , Brazil
| | - Ana L F Porto
- e Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology , Federal Rural University of Pernambuco- UFRPE , Recife , PE , Brazil
| | - Carolina A Lima
- a Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutic Innovation, University of Pernambuco-UPE , Garanhuns , PE , Brazil
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17
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Fumuso FG, Giuliano SM, Chaves MG, Neild DM, Miragaya MH, Carretero MI. Evaluation of the cryoprotective effect of seminal plasma on llama (Lama glama) spermatozoa. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13270. [PMID: 30907016 DOI: 10.1111/and.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In South American camelids, sperm survival is low after thawing and poor results are obtained when artificial insemination is performed with cryopreserved semen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different percentages (10% and 50%) of seminal plasma added prior to the process of cryopreservation and also to evaluate the absence of seminal plasma on llama sperm survival after freezing and thawing. A total of 15 ejaculates from five adult llama males (n = 5; r = 3) were evaluated. A significant decrease in sperm motility, viability, membrane function and intact acrosomes was observed in thawed samples (0%, 10% and 50%) when compared to raw semen. Neither morphology nor chromatin condensation was altered in all thawed samples (p > 0.05), but a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA was observed after thawing all samples compared to raw semen. Higher percentages of total and progressive sperm motility were observed when 0% and 10% of seminal plasma were used compared to 50%. However, no statistical differences were established for sperm viability, membrane function, morphology, acrosome status and DNA quality between thawed treatments. To conclude, neither of the percentages of seminal plasma used showed superiority nor cryoprotective effect on llama sperm survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda G Fumuso
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana M Giuliano
- Cátedra de Física Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria G Chaves
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Deborah M Neild
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo H Miragaya
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria I Carretero
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Meza A, Caldeira C, Valverde A, Ordóñez C, Ampuero E, Cucho H, Soler C. Sperm kinematic characterization of alpaca (Vicugna pacos L.) during the reproductive season. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:1415-1423. [PMID: 30043437 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Semen analysis is a key factor when determining the fertility ability in males. South American camelids, and in particular the alpaca, have been studied very little when compared with other farm animals. The aim of this work was to perform the kinematic characterization of alpaca spermatozoa collected directly from the deferent duct by using CASA-Mot (Computer Assisted Semen Analysis for Motility) technology. Samples were obtained every three days throughout the reproductive season during two periods and with a break of seven days in the middle. During both periods, the quality of the sample's motility and kinematics increased over the first two days and then subsequently decreased. This pattern was similar in all animals. It was concluded that the introduction of resting times can be useful to improve sperm quality for artificial insemination purposes in natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydee Meza
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Escuela Profesional de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú
| | - Carina Caldeira
- PROISER R+D, Paterna, Spain.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Anthony Valverde
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of València, Burjassot, Spain.,School of Agronomy, Technological Institute of Costa Rica, Alajuela, Costa Rica
| | - César Ordóñez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Escuela Profesional de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú
| | - Enrique Ampuero
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Escuela Profesional de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú
| | - Hernán Cucho
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Escuela Profesional de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú
| | - Carles Soler
- PROISER R+D, Paterna, Spain.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of València, Burjassot, Spain
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Fumuso F, Giuliano S, Chaves M, Neild D, Miragaya M, Gambarotta M, Carretero M. Seminal plasma affects the survival rate and motility pattern of raw llama spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 192:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Zampini R, Sari LM, Argañaraz ME, Fumuso FG, Barraza DE, Carretero MI, Apichela SA. Mating induces production of MMP2 in the llama oviduct: Analysis of MMP2 effect on semen. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 192:223-232. [PMID: 29567202 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ovulation of South American Camelids is induced by mating. After copulation, sperm are stored into the oviduct to be released near ovulation time. To study whether copulation induces matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) secretion in the oviduct, the occurrence of MMP2 in oviductal tissue and oviductal fluid (OF) from 24 h post-mated was compared with non-mated llama females. There was an incremental increase of MMP2 in the oviductal epithelial cells, and MMP2 activity in OF after copulation. Additionally, MMP2 activator (MMP14), inducer (EMMPRIN) and inhibitor (TIMP2) were present in the oviductal epithelial cells of both non-mated and post-mated females. A post-mating segment-specific regulation occurred because relative abundance of TIMP2 mRNA was greater in the utero tubal-junction which was accompanied with a reduced amount of MMP14 in the ampulla in comparison with the non-mated females. To examine the effect of MMP2 on semen liquefaction and sperm physiology, the effects of addition of recombinant human MMP2 was evaluated. The MMP2 had no effect on semen thread formation and seminal plasma protein profile. Sperm viability and plasma membrane function were not influenced by the enzyme treatment either. In summary, in llamas the oviductal microenvironment changes in response to stimuli induced by copulation, increasing the production and secretion of MMP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Zampini
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Argentina; Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Luciana M Sari
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Argentina
| | - Martin E Argañaraz
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Argentina; Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Fernanda G Fumuso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Cátedra de Teriogenología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Daniela E Barraza
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Argentina
| | - María I Carretero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Cátedra de Teriogenología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Silvana A Apichela
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Argentina; Cátedra de Zootecnia General I, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Florentino Ameghino s/n, El Manantial, 4105, Tucumán, Argentina.
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21
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Yu JF, Lai YH, Wang TE, Wei YS, Chang YJ, Li SH, Chin SC, Joshi R, Chang HW, Tsai PS. The effects of type I collagenase on the degelification of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) semen plug and sperm quality. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:58. [PMID: 29482549 PMCID: PMC5828100 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semen from the chimpanzee species becomes a colloidal solid after ejaculation. The formation of this copulatory plug is believed to prevent additional spermatozoa of subsequent mating events from accessing the ova. However, this naturally preserved strategy hampers the processes for sperm preparation. In this study, we investigated whether collagenase can be used to degelify the semen plug and accelerate the semen liquefaction process in zoo captive chimpanzee species (Pan troglodytes). RESULTS We showed that incubation of chimpanzee ejaculates with 0.1% type I collagenase efficiently and significantly (p < 0.05) releases 2.7-fold more spermatozoa from the coagulated ejaculates, and this degelification process did not alter sperm morphology or viability; nor did it stimulate spontaneous capacitation or an acrosome reaction as assessed by tyrosine phosphorylation and peanut agglutinin stains; moreover, based on computer assisted sperm analysis assay, motility-related parameters remained similar to those of untreated spermatozoa. When collagenase effects were evaluated on cryopreserved sperm samples, we observed post collagenase treatment in which 2.5% glycerol, as a cryoprotectant, preserved sperm acrosome integrity better than 7.8%; however, 7.8% glycerol, as a cryoprotectant, maintained sperm motility better than that of 2.5% glycerol. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated for the first time that type I collagenase can be used to obtain a significantly higher number of spermatozoa from colloid chimpanzee semen ejaculate without affecting the physiological properties of spermatozoa, and these results are critical for the subsequent gamete development. Our results would benefit sperm preparation processes and cryopreservation efficiency per ejaculate, as more unaffected spermatozoa can be released from the semen plug within a shorter period of time. These results would also benefit the genetic diversity of the chimpanzee species, using sperm cells from less dominant individuals, and for achieving better pregnancy success in primates with significantly higher amounts of sperm for artificial insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane-Fang Yu
- Conservation and Research Center, Taipei Zoo, 30 Xinguang Road, Section 2, Wenshan, Taipei, 11656, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Lai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-En Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Syuan Wei
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jia Chang
- Conservation and Research Center, Taipei Zoo, 30 Xinguang Road, Section 2, Wenshan, Taipei, 11656, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Li
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Section 2, Zhongshan N. Rd, 251, Tamshui, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chien Chin
- Conservation and Research Center, Taipei Zoo, 30 Xinguang Road, Section 2, Wenshan, Taipei, 11656, Taiwan
| | - Radhika Joshi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shiue Tsai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan.
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22
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Trasorras VL, Carretero MI, Neild DM, Chaves MG, Giuliano SM, Miragaya MH. Production, Preservation, and Transfer of South American Camelid Embryos. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:190. [PMID: 29181380 PMCID: PMC5693846 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The current review summarizes progress in the field of in vitro and in vivo production of South American Camelid embryos. Both methods require ovarian superstimulation (with FSH and eCG) to obtain multiple ovulations (in vivo embryo production) or to induce follicle growth for oocyte collection (in vitro embryo production). Moreover, superstimulation entails prior administration of hormones that inhibit follicular growth (progesterone, progestagens, and estrogens). Cumulus-oocyte complexes obtained must mature in vivo (buserelin administration) or in vitro to then be subjected to in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. All these techniques also require morphologically normal, motile spermatozoa to achieve fertilization. Methods used to decrease semen viscosity and to select the best spermatozoa (Percoll®; Androcoll-ETM) are described. Additionally, nuclear transfer or cloning has been applied in llamas. Up to now, embryo deep-freezing and vitrification have progressed slowly but are at the height of development. Embryos that are obtained by any of these techniques, either in vivo or in vitro, need to be transferred to synchronized recipient females. The best results are achieved after transfer to the left uterine horn with an ipsilateral ovulation. No live offspring have been obtained after the transfer of cryopreserved embryos. Applying reproductive biotechnologies, such as those described, will permit the expansion of genetically selected animals in the population and also that of wild camelid species, vicunas, and guanacos, whose embryos could then be transferred to the uterus of domestic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia L. Trasorras
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Cátedra de Teriogenología, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Ignacia Carretero
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Cátedra de Teriogenología, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Deborah M. Neild
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Cátedra de Teriogenología, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Graciela Chaves
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Cátedra de Teriogenología, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana M. Giuliano
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Cátedra de Física Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo H. Miragaya
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Cátedra de Teriogenología, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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23
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Malo C, Crichton EG, Morrell JM, Pukazhenthi BS, Skidmore JA. Single layer centrifugation of fresh dromedary camel semen improves sperm quality and in vitro fertilization capacity compared with simple sperm washing. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:1097-1103. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Malo
- Camel Reproduction Center; Dubai United Arab Emirates
| | - EG Crichton
- Camel Reproduction Center; Dubai United Arab Emirates
| | - JM Morrell
- Clinical Sciences; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU); Uppsala Sweden
| | - BS Pukazhenthi
- Center for Species Survival; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; Front Royal VA USA
| | - JA Skidmore
- Camel Reproduction Center; Dubai United Arab Emirates
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24
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Abstract
South American camelids, particularly alpacas, are gaining in popularity outside their native lands. Reproductive biotechnologies, such as artificial insemination or embryo transfer with cryopreserved embryos, are more complicated in these species than many others due to differences in their reproductive physiology compared to the more commonly encountered domestic livestock. This article reviews the methods currently available for obtaining semen or spermatozoa from alpacas and describes some of the problems associated with handling the viscous seminal plasma characteristic of camelids. Possibilities and limitations of reproductive biotechnologies in this species are discussed, and future developments are outlined, especially some new techniques which are currently being developed for use with camel semen and may be transferable to alpacas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Abraham
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - R Båge
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J M Morrell
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, Uppsala, Sweden
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25
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Kershaw CM, Evans G, Rodney R, Maxwell WMC. Papain and its inhibitor E-64 reduce camelid semen viscosity without impairing sperm function and improve post-thaw motility rates. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:1107-1114. [DOI: 10.1071/rd15261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In camelids, the development of assisted reproductive technologies is impaired by the viscous nature of the semen. The protease papain has shown promise in reducing viscosity, although its effect on sperm integrity is unknown. The present study determined the optimal papain concentration and exposure time to reduce seminal plasma viscosity and investigated the effect of papain and its inhibitor E-64 on sperm function and cryopreservation in alpacas. Papain (0.1 mg mL–1, 20 min, 37°C) eliminated alpaca semen viscosity while maintaining sperm motility, viability, acrosome integrity and DNA integrity. Furthermore E-64 (10 µM at 37°C for 5 min after 20 min papain) inhibited the papain without impairing sperm function. Cryopreserved, papain-treated alpaca spermatozoa exhibited higher total motility rates after chilling and 0 and 1 h after thawing compared with control (untreated) samples. Papain treatment, followed by inhibition of papain with E-64, is effective in reducing alpaca seminal plasma viscosity without impairing sperm integrity and improves post-thaw motility rates of cryopreserved alpaca spermatozoa. The use of the combination of papain and E-64 to eliminate the viscous component of camelid semen may aid the development of assisted reproductive technologies in camelids.
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26
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Comparison of differents methods of sperm selection of llama raw semen. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 173:8-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Carretero MI, Giuliano SM, Arraztoa CC, Santa Cruz RC, Fumuso FG, Neild DM. Comparison of two cooling protocols for llama semen: with and without collagenase and seminal plasma in the medium. Andrologia 2016; 49. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. I. Carretero
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Cátedra de Teriogenología; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - S. M. Giuliano
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Cátedra de Física Biológica; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - C. C. Arraztoa
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Cátedra de Teriogenología; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - R. C. Santa Cruz
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Cátedra de Teriogenología; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - F. G. Fumuso
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Cátedra de Teriogenología; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - D. M. Neild
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Cátedra de Teriogenología; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
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28
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Monaco D, Fatnassi M, Padalino B, Hammadi M, Khorchani T, Lacalandra GM. Effect of α-Amylase, Papain, and Spermfluid treatments on viscosity and semen parameters of dromedary camel ejaculates. Res Vet Sci 2016; 105:5-9. [PMID: 27033899 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ejaculates from five clinically healthy dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) were used to evaluate the effects of different enzymatic treatments (Amylase, Papain, Spermfluid) on liquefaction and seminal parameters. After collection, ejaculates were divided into 5 aliquots: (1) kept undiluted (control); or diluted 1:1 with: (2) Tris-Citrate-Fructose (TCF), (3) TCF containing Amylase, (4) TCF containing Papain or (5) Spermfluid containing Bromelain. At 120 min after dilution, each aliquot was evaluated, at 20-min intervals, for viscosity, motility, viability and agglutination. Only the aliquots diluted with TCF containing Papain underwent complete liquefaction. Sperm motility decreased significantly during the observation times, except for the samples diluted with Spermfluid (P=0.005). Diluted samples showed different levels of agglutination, with the lowest being observed in the control and the highest in the Papain-treated samples. The viscosity of dromedary camel ejaculates could be effectively reduced by using the proteolytic enzyme Papain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Monaco
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Str. prov. per Casamassima, km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
| | - Meriem Fatnassi
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Arid Lands Institute, 4100, Medenine, University of Gabès, Tunisia; Higher Institute of Agronomic Sciences of Chott-Mariem, University of Sousse, 4042 Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Barbara Padalino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Str. prov. per Casamassima, km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Mohamed Hammadi
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Arid Lands Institute, 4100, Medenine, University of Gabès, Tunisia
| | - Touhami Khorchani
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Arid Lands Institute, 4100, Medenine, University of Gabès, Tunisia
| | - Giovanni Michele Lacalandra
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Str. prov. per Casamassima, km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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29
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Evaluation of the acrosomal status in Lama glama sperm incubated with acrosome reaction inducers. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 160:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Carretero MI, Neild DM, Ferrante A, Caldevilla M, Arraztoa CC, Fumuso FG, Giuliano SM. Effect of cryoprotectant and equilibration temperature on cryopreservation ofLama glamaspermatozoa. Andrologia 2014; 47:685-93. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. I. Carretero
- Cátedra de Teriogenología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA); Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - D. M. Neild
- Cátedra de Teriogenología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA); Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - A. Ferrante
- Cátedra de Teriogenología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA); Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - M. Caldevilla
- Cátedra de Teriogenología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - C. C. Arraztoa
- Cátedra de Teriogenología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA); Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - F. G. Fumuso
- Cátedra de Teriogenología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - S. M. Giuliano
- Cátedra de Teriogenología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA); Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Cátedra de Física Biológica; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
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Trasorras V, Baca Castex C, Alonso A, Giuliano S, Santa Cruz R, Arraztoa C, Chaves G, Rodríguez D, Neild D, Miragaya M. First llama (Lama glama) pregnancy obtained after in vitro fertilization and in vitro culture of gametes from live animals. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 148:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zampini R, Argañaraz ME, Miceli DC, Apichela SA. Detection of the Matrix Metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in Llama (Lama glama) Oviduct. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:492-8. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Zampini
- INSIBIO (Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas); CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Tucumán Argentina
| | - ME Argañaraz
- INSIBIO (Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas); CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Tucumán Argentina
- Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular; Facultad de Bioquímica; Química y Farmacia; Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Tucumán Argentina
| | - DC Miceli
- INSIBIO (Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas); CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Tucumán Argentina
- Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular; Facultad de Bioquímica; Química y Farmacia; Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Tucumán Argentina
| | - SA Apichela
- INSIBIO (Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas); CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Tucumán Argentina
- Cátedra de Zootecnia General I; Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Tucumán Argentina
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The effect of glycosaminoglycan enzymes and proteases on the viscosity of alpaca seminal plasma and sperm function. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 138:261-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Guo QY, Gao ZZ, Zhao L, He JP, Dong CS. Expression of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), ALK5, and claudin-11 in adult alpaca testis. Acta Histochem 2013; 115:16-21. [PMID: 22459938 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) is an oocyte-derived factor critical for folliculogenesis. Recently, in vitro data showed that GDF9 inhibited the localization of tight junction (TJ) proteins, suggesting that GDF9 could potentially regulate spermatogenesis in vivo, via inhibition of Sertoli cell TJ function. The purpose of the present study was to determine the expression and localization of GDF9, its receptor, ALK5, and its latent target protein, claudin-11 (one of TJ proteins) in adult alpaca testis using Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Western blotting results demonstrated that GDF9, ALK5 and claudin-11 were expressed in the adult alpaca testis. Immunohistochemistry revealed that GDF9 was expressed stage-specifically in the cytoplasm of pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids of the adult alpaca seminiferous epithelium. Type I receptor, ALK5 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of round spermatids and Leydig cells, and to a lesser extent in the cytoplasm of pachytene spermatocytes and Sertoli cells. Its latent target protein, claudin-11, was perpendicular or parallel to the basal lamina in the basal part of Sertoli cells. These results indicated that GDF9, as a paracrine and autocrine growth factor derived from round spermatids and pachytene spermatocytes, is involved in regulating spermatogenesis via action on germ cells or somatic cells (i.e. Leydig cells, Sertoli cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yun Guo
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, PR China
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36
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Kershaw-Young CM, Maxwell WMC. Seminal Plasma Components in Camelids and Comparisons with Other Species. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47 Suppl 4:369-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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37
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Kershaw-Young CM, Evans G, Maxwell WMC. Glycosaminoglycans in the accessory sex glands, testes and seminal plasma of alpaca and ram. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012; 24:362-9. [DOI: 10.1071/rd11152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The viscous nature of alpaca semen limits its use in cryopreservation and other assisted reproductive technologies. The cause and source of this viscosity is unknown although it has been postulated, but never proven, that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) secreted by the bulbourethral gland are responsible. The present study investigated the concentration and composition of GAGs in alpaca seminal plasma, testes, bulbourethral gland and prostate gland and compared them to those in the ram to determine the relationship between seminal plasma GAGs and viscosity and to identify the source of seminal plasma GAGs. Alpaca seminal plasma contained more GAGs than ram (P < 0.001) and the predominant GAG, keratan sulfate, was correlated with viscosity (P = 0.05, R2 = 0.2635). The alpaca bulbourethral gland contained most GAGs compared with prostate or testis (P < 0.001). In the ram, the prostate contained most GAGs. These findings suggest that GAGs, particularly keratan sulfate, may be the cause of seminal plasma viscosity in alpacas, and that the seminal plasma GAGs originate from the bulbourethral gland.
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Trasorras V, Giuliano S, Chaves G, Neild D, Agüero A, Carretero M, Pinto M, Baca Castex C, Alonso A, Rodríguez D, Morrell JM, Miragaya M. In vitro Embryo Production in Llamas (Lama glama) from In vivo Matured Oocytes with Raw Semen Processed with Androcoll-E using Defined Embryo Culture Media. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 47:562-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01917.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kershaw-Young C, Maxwell W. The effect of seminal plasma on alpaca sperm function. Theriogenology 2011; 76:1197-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Casaretto C, Martínez Sarrasague M, Giuliano S, Rubin de Celis E, Gambarotta M, Carretero I, Miragaya M. Evaluation of Lama glama semen viscosity with a cone-plate rotational viscometer. Andrologia 2011; 44 Suppl 1:335-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Carretero MI, Giuliano SM, Casaretto CI, Gambarotta MC, Neild DM. Evaluation of the effect of cooling and of the addition of collagenase on llama sperm DNA using toluidine blue. Andrologia 2011; 44 Suppl 1:239-47. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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In vitro fertilization and development of cumulus oocytes complexes collected by ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration in superstimulated llamas. Theriogenology 2011; 75:1482-8. [PMID: 21295835 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the developmental competence of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) collected by follicular aspiration in llamas treated with FSH or eCG. Llamas were assigned randomly to two groups (n = 16 per group) and treated, at the time of ovarian follicular wave emergence, with either: 1) 25 mg of FSH im, twice daily for 4 d; or 2) 1000 IU of eCG as a single i.m. dose. The start of gonadotropin treatment was considered Day 0. Both groups were given 5 mg of Armour Standard LH im on Day 6, and COC were collected by follicle aspiration on Day 7. Expanded COC collected from FSH- (n = 157) and eCG-treated llamas (n = 151) were fertilized in vitro using epididymal sperm, and presumptive zygotes were in vitro cultured in SOF medium for 8 d. The FSH and eCG treatment groups did not differ with respect to: the number of follicles ≥7 mm (16.0 ± 2.7 vs 14.0 ± 1.9, respectively; P = 0.5); the number of COC collected (11.5 ± 1.9 vs 9.7 ± 1.2; P = 0.4); the number of expanded COC (9.8 ± 1.4 vs 9.4 ± 1.2; P = 0.8); or the percentage of presumptive zygotes which developed into 2 to 8 cell stage embryos (65.3 vs 63.1), morulas (46.2 vs 42.5), or blastocysts (23.1 vs 20.5; P > 0.05). In conclusion, FSH and eCG treatments were equally effective for recovery of a high number of expanded COC which were used directly for in vitro fertilization. Furthermore, rate of embryo development was not significantly affected by the gonadotropin treatment used.
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Considerations of viscosity in the preliminaries to mammalian fertilisation. J Assist Reprod Genet 2011; 28:191-7. [PMID: 21234667 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-010-9531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration of spermatozoa in the female genital tract will be strongly influenced by the viscosity of the fluids encountered, yet little systematic analysis has been given to such a consideration. This essay reviews the series of milieux confronting a fertilising sperm during its progression to the oviduct ampulla. Two groups are discussed, first those in which ejaculation is into the vagina, second those in which semen enters the uterus during a protracted mating. Viscous glycoprotein secretions that accumulate in the oviduct isthmus of both groups before ovulation are highlighted, as is the environment generated in the ampulla by the post-ovulatory suspension of oocyte(s), cumulus cells and spermatozoa; follicular and peritoneal fluids may also be present. The viscosity of all female tract fluids responds to cyclical variations in temperature, and these exist within the oviduct near the time of ovulation. Gradations in viscosity influence the pattern and strength of sperm flagellar activity and the rate of forward movement. Measurements of sperm motility are currently made in a physiological medium of constant viscosity and temperature, thereby overlooking changes in the female genital tract. A more sophisticated approach might reveal an adequate fertilising potential in a proportion of putatively poor semen samples.
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