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Pastorino L, Grillo F, Albertelli M, Ghiorzo P, Bruno W. Insights into Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910328. [PMID: 34638668 PMCID: PMC8508699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic studies have identified some of the most relevant genetic players in Neuroendocrine Neoplasm (NEN) tumorigenesis. However, we are still far from being able to draw a model that encompasses their heterogeneity, elucidates the different biological effects consequent to the identified molecular events, or incorporates extensive knowledge of molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Here, we reviewed recent insights in NEN tumorigenesis from selected basic research studies on animal models, highlighting novel players in the intergenic cooperation and peculiar mechanisms including splicing dysregulation, chromatin stability, or cell dedifferentiation. Furthermore, models of tumorigenesis based on composite interactions other than a linear progression of events are proposed, exemplified by the involvement in NEN tumorigenesis of genes regulating complex functions, such as MEN1 or DAXX. Although limited by interspecies differences, animal models have proved helpful for the more in-depth study of every facet of tumorigenesis, showing that the identification of driver mutations is only one of the many necessary steps and that other mechanisms are worth investigating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Pastorino
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.P.); (P.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Federica Grillo
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, 1632 Genoa, Italy
| | - Manuela Albertelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Ghiorzo
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.P.); (P.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - William Bruno
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.P.); (P.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(01)-0555-7254
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Xu EY, Vosburgh E, Wong C, Tang LH, Notterman DA. Genetic analysis of the cooperative tumorigenic effects of targeted deletions of tumor suppressors Rb1, Trp53, Men1, and Pten in neuroendocrine tumors in mice. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2718-2739. [PMID: 32733644 PMCID: PMC7367653 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are frequently observed to have cumulative or cooperative tumorigenic effects. We examined whether the TSGs Rb1, Trp53, Pten and Men1 have cooperative effects in suppressing neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in mice. We generated pairwise homozygous deletions of these four genes in insulin II gene expressing cells using the Cre-LoxP system. By monitoring growth and examining the histopathology of the pituitary (Pit) and pancreas (Pan) in these mice, we demonstrated that pRB had the strongest cooperative function with PTEN in suppressing PitNETs and had strong cooperative function with Menin and TRP53, respectively, in suppressing PitNETs and PanNETs. TRP53 had weak cooperative function with PTEN in suppressing pituitary lesions. We also found that deletion of Pten singly led to prolactinomas in female mice, and deletion of Rb1 alone led to islet hyperplasia in pancreas. Collectively, our data indicated that pRB and PTEN pathways play significant roles in suppressing PitNETs, while the Menin-mediated pathway plays a significant role in suppressing PanNETs. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of these genes and pathways on NETs will help us understand the molecular mechanisms of neuroendocrine tumorigenesis and develop effective preclinical murine models for NET therapeutics to improve clinical outcomes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Y Xu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Evan Vosburgh
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.,Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Chung Wong
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.,Current address: Regeneron Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Laura H Tang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daniel A Notterman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Xiong Z, Li X, Yang Q. PTTG has a Dual Role of Promotion-Inhibition in the Development of Pituitary Adenomas. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:800-818. [PMID: 37020362 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190722145449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary Tumor Transforming Gene (PTTG) of human is known as a checkpoint gene in the middle and late stages of mitosis, and is also a proto-oncogene that promotes cell cycle progression. In the nucleus, PTTG works as securin in controlling the mid-term segregation of sister chromatids. Overexpression of PTTG, entering the nucleus with the help of PBF in pituitary adenomas, participates in the regulation of cell cycle, interferes with DNA repair, induces genetic instability, transactivates FGF-2 and VEGF and promotes angiogenesis and tumor invasion. Simultaneously, overexpression of PTTG induces tumor cell senescence through the DNA damage pathway, making pituitary adenoma possessing the potential self-limiting ability. To elucidate the mechanism of PTTG in the regulation of pituitary adenomas, we focus on both the positive and negative function of PTTG and find out key factors interacted with PTTG in pituitary adenomas. Furthermore, we discuss other possible mechanisms correlate with PTTG in pituitary adenoma initiation and development and the potential value of PTTG in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujian Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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Trott G, Ongaratti BR, de Oliveira Silva CB, Abech GD, Haag T, Rech CGSL, Ferreira NP, da Costa Oliveira M, Pereira-Lima JFS. PTTG overexpression in non-functioning pituitary adenomas: Correlation with invasiveness, female gender and younger age. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 41:83-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Wang X, Du Q, Mao Z, Fan X, Hu B, Wang Z, Chen Z, Jiang X, Wang Z, Lei N, Wang H, Zhu Y. Combined treatment with artesunate and bromocriptine has synergistic anticancer effects in pituitary adenoma cell lines. Oncotarget 2017; 8:45874-45887. [PMID: 28501857 PMCID: PMC5542234 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactinomas are the most prevalent functional pituitary adenomas. The preferred treatments for prolactinomas are dopamine agonists (DAs) such as bromocriptine (BRC), but DAs still have the challenges of tumor recurrence and drug resistance. This study demonstrates that the synergy of function and mechanism between artesunate (ART) and BRC inhibits prolactinoma cell growth in vitro. We found that low-dose ART combined with BRC synergistically inhibited the growth of GH3 and MMQ cell lines, caused cell death, attenuated cell migration and invasion, and suppressed the expression of extracellular prolactin. The induction of apoptosis after co-treatment was confirmed by immunofluorescent staining, assessment of caspase-3 protein expression, and flow cytometry. Expression of miR-200c, a carcinogenic factor in pituitary adenoma, was reduced following co-treatment with ART and BRC. This was accompanied by increased expression of the antitumor factor Pten. Transfection experiments with miR-200c analogs and inhibitors confirmed that miR-200c expression was inversely associated with Pten expression. We suggest that ART and BRC used in combination exert synergistic apoptotic and antitumor effects by suppressing miR-200c and stimulating Pten expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumour Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu Du
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumour Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumour Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumour Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumour Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumour Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ni Lei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haijun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pituitary Tumour Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Zhu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang J, Li X, Zhang Y. Correlation of NEDD4-1 and PTEN expression with the invasive capacity of pituitary adenomas. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 6:96-100. [PMID: 28123738 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to correlate the expression of neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 4-1 (NEDD4-1) and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) with the invasive capacity of pituitary adenomas. A total of 50 pituitary adenoma tissues and 10 normal pituitary tissues were divided into the invasive group (26 cases), the non-invasive group (24 cases) and the normal group (10 cases). The expression of NEDD4-1 and PTEN was determined by immunohistochemistry. NEDD4-1 was revealed to be located in the nucleus and cytoplasm, whereas PTEN was only located in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, expression of NEDD4-1 was higher in pituitary adenomas compared with normal pituitary tissues (P<0.05), and higher in the invasive group compared with the non-invasive group, whereas the opposite trend was observed for PTEN. There was a strong negative correlation between NEDD4-1 and PTEN expression, indicating a dependency between the two and an association with invasiveness. In conclusion, NEDD4-1 may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic factor, and as a novel therapeutic target, in pituitary adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274000, P.R. China
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MicroRNA-106b promotes pituitary tumor cell proliferation and invasion through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by targeting PTEN. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13469-13477. [PMID: 27465551 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of microRNA-106b (miR-106b) and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in pituitary tumor and to confirm whether miR-106b promotes proliferation and invasion of pituitary tumor cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by targeted regulation of PTEN expression, and thereby to find new targets for the treatment of pituitary tumor. Fifty-five cases of pituitary tumor tissue samples were collected, including 29 cases of invasive pituitary tumor, non-invasive 26 cases, and 8 normal pituitaries. The expression level of miR-106b in pituitary tumor tissue was detected by quantitative real-time PCR, and the expression of PTEN protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. PTEN 3'-untranslated region (UTR) luciferase vector was constructed, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to examine the effect of miR-106b on PTEN 3'-UTR luciferase activity. AtT-20 cells were transfected with miR-106b mimics, miR-106b inhibitor, PTEN expression plasmid, and miR-106b mimics + PTEN expression plasmid respectively, and the changes in cellular proliferation and invasion were observed via MTT method and transwell assay respectively. PTEN messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was determined by quantitative real-time PCR, and western blotting was performed to detect the expression of PTEN, PI3K, AKT, and pAKT. miR-106b showed up-regulation in invasive pituitary tumor tissue: the expression level was significantly up-regulated compared with normal tissues and the non-invasive pituitary tumor tissue (P < 0.05). The positive rate of PTEN protein expression in invasive pituitary tumor tissues was significantly lower than in normal and non-invasive tissues (P < 0.01). Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that miR-106b could bind to the 3'-UTR of PTEN specifically and significantly inhibited the luciferase activity, cutting the 46 % (P < 0.01). Down-regulation of miR-106b or up-regulation of PTEN could suppress cell proliferation and invasion of AtT-20 cells, and PTEN expression plasmid could partially simulate the function of miR-106b. Expression of PTEN mRNA and protein decreased significantly in AtT-20 cells overexpressing miR-106b. The expression levels of PI3K and p-AKT were significantly inhibited by miR-106b inhibitor and increased by miR-106b mimics. The expression of miR-106b showed up-regulation in pituitary tumor tissues, while the protein expression of PTEN presented opposite results. The findings of this study further demonstrated that miR-106b as an oncogene regulated the pituitary tumor cell proliferation and invasion in vitro by directly targeting PTEN through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Our study suggests that miR-106b and PTEN are likely to serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for pituitary tumor treatment in the future.
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Correlations of pituitary tumor transforming gene expression with human pituitary adenomas: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90396. [PMID: 24594688 PMCID: PMC3942425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) is an important paracrine growth factor involved in early lactotrope transformation and early onset of angiogenesis in pituitary hyperplasia. Emerging evidences have shown that PTTG expression may contribute to the etiology of pituitary adenomas; but individually published studies showed inconclusive results. This meta-analysis aimed to derive a more precise estimation of the correlations of PTTG expression with human pituitary adenomas. METHODS A range of electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE (1966∼2013), the Cochrane Library Database (Issue 12, 2013), EMBASE (1980∼2013), CINAHL (1982∼2013), Web of Science (1945∼2013) and the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) (1982∼2013) without language restrictions. Meta-analysis was performed using the STATA 12.0 software. Crude odds ratio (OR) or standard mean difference (SMD) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated. RESULTS Twenty-four clinical cohort studies were included with a total of 1,464 pituitary adenomas patients. The meta-analysis results revealed that patients with invasive pituitary adenomas had higher positive expression of PTTG than those of non-invasive patients (OR = 6.68, 95%CI = 3.72-11.99, P<0.001). We also found a significant difference in microvessel density between invasive and non-invasive patients (SMD = 1.81, 95%CI = 0.39-3.23, P = 0.013). However, there were no significant difference in PTTG expression between functional and non-functional patients with pituitary adenomas (OR = 1.11, 95%CI = 0.58-2.10, P = 0.753). No publication bias was detected in this meta-analysis (all P>0.05). CONCLUSION This present meta-analysis suggests that PTTG expression may be associated with tumor invasiveness and microvessel density of pituitary adenomas, while no correlations with functional status was found.
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Expression of pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) in human pituitary macroadenomas. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:1559-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0686-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Rubinfeld H, Shimon I. PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways perturbations in non-functioning pituitary adenomas. Endocrine 2012; 42:285-91. [PMID: 22552912 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) comprise a heterogeneous group, which are considered the most common pituitary tumor. As no clinically hormone hypersecretion is apparent, non-functioning pituitary adenomas are often diagnosed only when they are large enough to cause tumor mass effects, such as hypopituitarism, visual field defects or headaches. Efficient medical therapy for NFPAs is currently unavailable and surgical treatment of these tumors is not always satisfactory. Characterization of signaling regulatory events in the context of NFPAs may enable the development of new attractive novel strategies. Although data regarding gene expression profiling of signaling pathways in NFPAs have accumulated, studies aimed at fine-classification of NFPAs-specific signaling regulatory mechanisms and feedback loops are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadara Rubinfeld
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Murat CB, Braga PBS, Fortes MAHZ, Bronstein MD, Corrêa-Giannella MLC, Giorgi RR. Mutation and genomic amplification of the PIK3CA proto-oncogene in pituitary adenomas. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45:851-5. [PMID: 22782554 PMCID: PMC3854320 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumorigenesis of pituitary adenomas is poorly understood. Mutations of the PIK3CA proto-oncogene, which encodes the p110-α catalytic subunit of PI3K, have been reported in various types of human cancers regarding the role of the gene in cell proliferation and survival through activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Only one Chinese study described somatic mutations and amplification of the PIK3CA gene in a large series of pituitary adenomas. The aim of the present study was to determine genetic alterations of PIK3CA in a second series that consisted of 33 pituitary adenomas of different subtypes diagnosed by immunohistochemistry: 6 adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting microadenomas, 5 growth hormone-secreting macroadenomas, 7 prolactin-secreting macroadenomas, and 15 nonfunctioning macroadenomas. Direct sequencing of exons 9 and 20 assessed by qPCR was employed to investigate the presence of mutations and genomic amplification defined as a copy number ≥4. Previously identified PIK3CA mutations (exon 20) were detected in four cases (12.1%). Interestingly, the Chinese study reported mutations only in invasive tumors, while we found a PIK3CA mutation in one noninvasive corticotroph microadenoma. PIK3CA amplification was observed in 21.2% (7/33) of the cases. This study demonstrates the presence of somatic mutations and amplifications of the PIK3CA gene in a second series of pituitary adenomas, corroborating the previously described involvement of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the tumorigenic process of this gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Murat
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular (LIM-25), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Feng ZZ, Chen JW, Yang ZR, Lu GZ, Cai ZG. Expression of PTTG1 and PTEN in endometrial carcinoma: correlation with tumorigenesis and progression. Med Oncol 2010; 29:304-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tarnawski AS, Pai R, Tanigawa T, Matysiak-Budnik T, Ahluwalia A. PTEN silencing reverses aging-related impairment of angiogenesis in microvascular endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 394:291-6. [PMID: 20193662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.02.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with impaired angiogenesis (new blood vessels formation from the endothelial cells of pre-existing vessels) in a variety of tissues. The precise mechanisms of aging-related impairment of angiogenesis are not known. PTEN is a dual-specificity phosphatase that antagonizes in some cells the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, important for cell survival, function and angiogenesis. PTEN's role in aging-related impairment of angiogenesis is not known. In this study, we investigated whether expression of PTEN in endothelial cells may play a mechanistic role in aging-related impairment of angiogenesis. We demonstrated that human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) derived from aging individuals (Aged-HMVEC) have: (1) significantly increased PTEN mRNA and protein levels and (2) impaired in vitro angiogenesis vs. neonatal derived HMVEC (Neo-HMVEC), and that (3) downregulation of PTEN using specific siRNA restores angiogenesis in Aged-HMVEC to normal. This is the first demonstration of increased PTEN expression in human microvascular endothelial cells derived from aging tissues and that elevated PTEN is a major factor responsible for aging-related impairment of in vitro angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej S Tarnawski
- Medical Service, VALBHS and Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA.
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Sánchez-Ortiga R, Sánchez Tejada L, Peiró Cabrera G, Moreno-Pérez O, Arias Mendoza N, Ignacio Aranda López F, Picó Alfonso A. Papel de pituitary tumour-transforming gene (PTTG) en los adenomas hipofisarios. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 57:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/s1575-0922(10)70006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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