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Yao Y, Chen K, Pan Q, Gao H, Su W, Zheng S, Dong W, Qian D. Redifferentiation of genetically modified dedifferentiated chondrocytes in a microcavitary hydrogel. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:483-495. [PMID: 38523201 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-024-03475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We genetically modified dedifferentiated chondrocytes (DCs) using lentiviral vectors and adenoviral vectors encoding TGF-β3 (referred to as transgenic groups below) and encapsulated these DCs in the microcavitary hydrogel and investigated the combinational effect on redifferentiation of the genetically manipulated DCs. RESULTS The Cell Counting Kit-8 data indicated that both transgenic groups exhibited significantly higher cell viability in the first week but inferior cell viability in the subsequent timepoints compared with those of the control group. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis results demonstrated that both transgenic groups had a better effect on redifferentiation to some extent, as evidenced by higher expression levels of chondrogenic genes, suggesting the validity of combination with transgenic DCs and the microcavitary hydrogel on redifferentiation. Although transgenic DCs with adenoviral vectors presented a superior extent of redifferentiation, they also expressed greater levels of the hypertrophic gene type X collagen. It is still worth further exploring how to deliver TGF-β3 more efficiently and optimizing the appropriate parameters, including concentration and duration. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated the better redifferentiation effect of DCs with the combinational use of transgenic TGF-β3 and a microcavitary alginate hydrogel and implied that DCs would be alternative seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering due to their easily achieved sufficient cell amounts through multiple passages and great potential to redifferentiate to produce cartilaginous extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Yao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ke Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Emergency Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Pan
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Weixian Su
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Shicong Zheng
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqiang Dong
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongyang Qian
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
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Liu T, Zhang T, Guo C, Liang X, Wang P, Zheng B. Murine double minute 2-mediated estrogen receptor 1 degradation activates macrophage migration inhibitory factor to promote vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation and oxidative stress during thoracic aortic aneurysm progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2024; 1871:119661. [PMID: 38218386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) has been recently demonstrated as a potential diagnostic biomarker for thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). However, its precise role in the progression of TAA remains unclear. In this study, TAA models were established in ApoE-knockout mice and primary mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through treatment with angiotensin (Ang) II. Our findings revealed a downregulation of ESR1 in Ang II-induced TAA mice and VSMCs. Upregulation of ESR1 mitigated expansion and cell apoptosis in the mouse aorta, reduced pathogenetic transformation of VSMCs, and reduced inflammatory infiltration and oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we identified macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as a biological target of ESR1. ESR1 bound to the MIF promoter to suppress its transcription. Artificial MIF restoration negated the mitigating effects of ESR1 on TAA. Additionally, we discovered that murine double minute 2 (MDM2) was highly expressed in TAA models and mediated protein degradation of ESR1 through ubiquitination modification. Silencing of MDM2 reduced VSMC dedifferentiation and suppressed oxidative stress. However, these effects were reversed upon further silencing of ESR1. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that MDM2 activates MIF by mediating ESR1 degradation, thus promoting VSMC dedifferentiation and oxidative stress during TAA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, PR China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Chenfan Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xiangsen Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Pandeng Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Baoshi Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, PR China.
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3
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Mendelson K, Martin TC, Nguyen CB, Hsu M, Xu J, Lang C, Dummer R, Saenger Y, Messina JL, Sondak VK, Desman G, Hasson D, Bernstein E, Parsons RE, Celebi JT. Differential histone acetylation and super-enhancer regulation underlie melanoma cell dedifferentiation. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e166611. [PMID: 38319712 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiation or phenotype switching refers to the transition from a proliferative to an invasive cellular state. We previously identified a 122-gene epigenetic gene signature that classifies primary melanomas as low versus high risk (denoted as Epgn1 or Epgn3). We found that the transcriptomes of the Epgn1 low-risk and Epgn3 high-risk cells are similar to the proliferative and invasive cellular states, respectively. These signatures were further validated in melanoma tumor samples. Examination of the chromatin landscape revealed differential H3K27 acetylation in the Epgn1 low-risk versus Epgn3 high-risk cell lines that corroborated with a differential super-enhancer and enhancer landscape. Melanocytic lineage genes (MITF, its targets and regulators) were associated with super-enhancers in the Epgn1 low-risk state, whereas invasiveness genes were linked with Epgn3 high-risk status. We identified the ITGA3 gene as marked by a super-enhancer element in the Epgn3 invasive cells. Silencing of ITGA3 enhanced invasiveness in both in vitro and in vivo systems, suggesting it as a negative regulator of invasion. In conclusion, we define chromatin landscape changes associated with Epgn1/Epgn3 and phenotype switching during early steps of melanoma progression that regulate transcriptional reprogramming. This super-enhancer and enhancer-driven epigenetic regulatory mechanism resulting in major changes in the transcriptome could be important in future therapeutic targeting efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Mendelson
- Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tiphaine C Martin
- Department of Oncological Sciences and
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christie B Nguyen
- Department of Oncological Sciences and
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Min Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Oncological Sciences and
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Claudia Lang
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Saenger
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jane L Messina
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Vernon K Sondak
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Garrett Desman
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dan Hasson
- Department of Oncological Sciences and
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emily Bernstein
- Department of Oncological Sciences and
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ramon E Parsons
- Department of Oncological Sciences and
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julide Tok Celebi
- Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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4
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Bernabé-Rubio M, Ali S, Bhosale PG, Goss G, Mobasseri SA, Tapia-Rojo R, Zhu T, Hiratsuka T, Battilocchi M, Tomás IM, Ganier C, Garcia-Manyes S, Watt FM. Myc-dependent dedifferentiation of Gata6 + epidermal cells resembles reversal of terminal differentiation. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1426-1438. [PMID: 37735598 PMCID: PMC10567550 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Dedifferentiation is the process by which terminally differentiated cells acquire the properties of stem cells. During mouse skin wound healing, the differentiated Gata6-lineage positive cells of the sebaceous duct are able to dedifferentiate. Here we have integrated lineage tracing and single-cell mRNA sequencing to uncover the underlying mechanism. Gata6-lineage positive and negative epidermal stem cells in wounds are transcriptionally indistinguishable. Furthermore, in contrast to reprogramming of induced pluripotent stem cells, the same genes are expressed in the epidermal dedifferentiation and differentiation trajectories, indicating that dedifferentiation does not involve adoption of a new cell state. We demonstrate that dedifferentiation is not only induced by wounding, but also by retinoic acid treatment or mechanical expansion of the epidermis. In all three cases, dedifferentiation is dependent on the master transcription factor c-Myc. Mechanotransduction and actin-cytoskeleton remodelling are key features of dedifferentiation. Our study elucidates the molecular basis of epidermal dedifferentiation, which may be generally applicable to adult tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Bernabé-Rubio
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shahnawaz Ali
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Priyanka G Bhosale
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Georgina Goss
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Rafael Tapia-Rojo
- Department of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Centre for the Physical Science of Life and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, UK
- Single Molecule Mechanobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Tong Zhu
- Department of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Centre for the Physical Science of Life and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, UK
- Single Molecule Mechanobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Toru Hiratsuka
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Oncogenesis and Growth Regulation, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuoku, Japan
| | - Matteo Battilocchi
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Inês M Tomás
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Clarisse Ganier
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sergi Garcia-Manyes
- Department of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Centre for the Physical Science of Life and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, UK
- Single Molecule Mechanobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
- Directors' Unit, EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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5
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Stamateris RE, Landa-Galvan HV, Sharma RB, Darko C, Redmond D, Rane SG, Alonso LC. Noncanonical CDK4 signaling rescues diabetes in a mouse model by promoting β cell differentiation. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e166490. [PMID: 37712417 PMCID: PMC10503800 DOI: 10.1172/jci166490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Expanding β cell mass is a critical goal in the fight against diabetes. CDK4, an extensively characterized cell cycle activator, is required to establish and maintain β cell number. β cell failure in the IRS2-deletion mouse type 2 diabetes model is, in part, due to loss of CDK4 regulator cyclin D2. We set out to determine whether replacement of endogenous CDK4 with the inhibitor-resistant mutant CDK4-R24C rescued the loss of β cell mass in IRS2-deficient mice. Surprisingly, not only β cell mass but also β cell dedifferentiation was effectively rescued, despite no improvement in whole body insulin sensitivity. Ex vivo studies in primary islet cells revealed a mechanism in which CDK4 intervened downstream in the insulin signaling pathway to prevent FOXO1-mediated transcriptional repression of critical β cell transcription factor Pdx1. FOXO1 inhibition was not related to E2F1 activity, to FOXO1 phosphorylation, or even to FOXO1 subcellular localization, but rather was related to deacetylation and reduced FOXO1 abundance. Taken together, these results demonstrate a differentiation-promoting activity of the classical cell cycle activator CDK4 and support the concept that β cell mass can be expanded without compromising function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Stamateris
- MD/PhD Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Huguet V. Landa-Galvan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Joan and Sanford I. Weill Center for Metabolic Health and
| | - Rohit B. Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Joan and Sanford I. Weill Center for Metabolic Health and
| | - Christine Darko
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Joan and Sanford I. Weill Center for Metabolic Health and
| | - David Redmond
- Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Regenerative Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sushil G. Rane
- Integrative Cellular Metabolism Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute for Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura C. Alonso
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Joan and Sanford I. Weill Center for Metabolic Health and
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6
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Yu P, Qu N, Zhu R, Hu J, Han P, Wu J, Tan L, Gan H, He C, Fang C, Lei Y, Li J, He C, Lan F, Shi X, Wei W, Wang Y, Ji Q, Yu FX, Wang YL. TERT accelerates BRAF mutant-induced thyroid cancer dedifferentiation and progression by regulating ribosome biogenesis. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadg7125. [PMID: 37647391 PMCID: PMC10468137 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg7125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
TERT reactivation occurs frequently in human malignancies, especially advanced cancers. However, in vivo functions of TERT reactivation in cancer progression and the underlying mechanism are not fully understood. In this study, we expressed TERT and/or active BRAF (BRAF V600E) specifically in mouse thyroid epithelium. While BRAF V600E alone induced papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), coexpression of BRAF V600E and TERT resulted in poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC). Spatial transcriptome analysis revealed that tumors from mice coexpressing BRAF V600E and TERT were highly heterogeneous, and cell dedifferentiation was positively correlated with ribosomal biogenesis. Mechanistically, TERT boosted ribosomal RNA (rRNA) expression and protein synthesis by interacting with multiple proteins involved in ribosomal biogenesis. Furthermore, we found that CX-5461, an rRNA transcription inhibitor, effectively blocked proliferation and induced redifferentiation of thyroid cancer. Thus, TERT promotes thyroid cancer progression by inducing cancer cell dedifferentiation, and ribosome inhibition represents a potential strategy to treat TERT-reactivated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Yu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Qu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqian Hu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peizhen Han
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahao Wu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Licheng Tan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hualei Gan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong He
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuantao Fang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubin Lei
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxi He
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Lan
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Shi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghai Ji
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fa-Xing Yu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Long Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Bravo-Vázquez LA, Angulo-Bejarano PI, Bandyopadhyay A, Sharma A, Paul S. Regulatory roles of noncoding RNAs in callus induction and plant cell dedifferentiation. Plant Cell Rep 2023; 42:689-705. [PMID: 36753041 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-02992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant regulatory noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as key modulators of gene expression during callus induction. Their further study may promote the design of innovative plant tissue culture protocols. The use of plants by humans has recently taken on a new and expanding insight due to the advent of genetic engineering technologies. In this context, callus cultures have shown remarkable potential for synthesizing valuable biomolecules, crop improvement, plant micropropagation, and biodiversity preservation. A crucial stage in callus production is the conversion of somatic cells into totipotent cells; compelling evidence indicates that stress factors, transcriptional regulators, and plant hormones can trigger this biological event. Besides, posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression might be essential participants in callus induction. However, research related to the analysis of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that modulate callogenesis and plant cell dedifferentiation in vitro is still at an early stage. During the last decade, some relevant studies have enlightened the fact that different classes of ncRNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in plant cell dedifferentiation through regulating the expression levels of diverse gene targets. Hence, understanding the molecular relevance of these ncRNAs in the aforesaid biological processes might represent a promising source of new biotechnological approaches for callus culture and plant improvement. In this current work, we review the experimental evidence regarding the prospective roles of ncRNAs in callus induction and plant cell dedifferentiation to promote this field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Bravo-Vázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Paola Isabel Angulo-Bejarano
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Anindya Bandyopadhyay
- International Rice Research Institute, 4031, Manila, Philippines
- Reliance Industries Ltd., Navi Mumbai, 400701, India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Queretaro, Mexico.
| | - Sujay Paul
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Queretaro, Mexico.
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8
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Taguchi K, Elias BC, Sugahara S, Sant S, Freedman BS, Waikar SS, Pozzi A, Zent R, Harris RC, Parikh SM, Brooks CR. Cyclin G1 induces maladaptive proximal tubule cell dedifferentiation and renal fibrosis through CDK5 activation. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e158096. [PMID: 36453545 PMCID: PMC9711881 DOI: 10.1172/jci158096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in approximately 13% of hospitalized patients and predisposes patients to chronic kidney disease (CKD) through the AKI-to-CKD transition. Studies from our laboratory and others have demonstrated that maladaptive repair of proximal tubule cells (PTCs), including induction of dedifferentiation, G2/M cell cycle arrest, senescence, and profibrotic cytokine secretion, is a key process promoting AKI-to-CKD transition, kidney fibrosis, and CKD progression. The molecular mechanisms governing maladaptive repair and the relative contribution of dedifferentiation, G2/M arrest, and senescence to CKD remain to be resolved. We identified cyclin G1 (CG1) as a factor upregulated in chronically injured and maladaptively repaired PTCs. We demonstrated that global deletion of CG1 inhibits G2/M arrest and fibrosis. Pharmacological induction of G2/M arrest in CG1-knockout mice, however, did not fully reverse the antifibrotic phenotype. Knockout of CG1 did not alter dedifferentiation and proliferation in the adaptive repair response following AKI. Instead, CG1 specifically promoted the prolonged dedifferentiation of kidney tubule epithelial cells observed in CKD. Mechanistically, CG1 promotes dedifferentiation through activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5). Deletion of CDK5 in kidney tubule cells did not prevent G2/M arrest but did inhibit dedifferentiation and fibrosis. Thus, CG1 and CDK5 represent a unique pathway that regulates maladaptive, but not adaptive, dedifferentiation, suggesting they could be therapeutic targets for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensei Taguchi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bertha C. Elias
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sho Sugahara
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Snehal Sant
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Freedman
- Kidney Research Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sushrut S. Waikar
- Section of Nephrology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Samir M. Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Craig R. Brooks
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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9
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Ohara TE, Colonna M, Stappenbeck TS. Adaptive differentiation promotes intestinal villus recovery. Dev Cell 2022; 57:166-179.e6. [PMID: 35016013 PMCID: PMC9092613 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Loss of differentiated cells to tissue damage is a hallmark of many diseases. In slow-turnover tissues, long-lived differentiated cells can re-enter the cell cycle or transdifferentiate to another cell type to promote repair. Here, we show that in a high-turnover tissue, severe damage to the differentiated compartment induces progenitors to transiently acquire a unique transcriptional and morphological postmitotic state. We highlight this in an acute villus injury model in the mouse intestine, where we identified a population of progenitor-derived cells that covered injured villi. These atrophy-induced villus epithelial cells (aVECs) were enriched for fetal markers but were differentiated and lineage committed. We further established a role for aVECs in maintaining barrier integrity through the activation of yes-associated protein (YAP). Notably, loss of YAP activity led to impaired villus regeneration. Thus, we define a key repair mechanism involving the activation of a fetal-like program during injury-induced differentiation, a process we term "adaptive differentiation."
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro E Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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10
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Przybyl J, Spans L, Ganjoo K, Bui N, Mohler D, Norton J, Poultsides G, Debiec-Rychter M, van de Rijn M. Detection of MDM2 amplification by shallow whole genome sequencing of cell-free DNA of patients with dedifferentiated liposarcoma. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262272. [PMID: 34986184 PMCID: PMC8730389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High-level amplification of MDM2 and other genes in the 12q13–15 locus is a hallmark genetic feature of well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas (WDLPS and DDLPS, respectively). Detection of this genomic aberration in plasma cell-free DNA may be a clinically useful assay for non-invasive distinction between these liposarcomas and other retroperitoneal tumors in differential diagnosis, and might be useful for the early detection of disease recurrence. In this study, we performed shallow whole genome sequencing of cell-free DNA extracted from 10 plasma samples from 3 patients with DDLPS and 1 patient with WDLPS. In addition, we studied 31 plasma samples from 11 patients with other types of soft tissue tumors. We detected MDM2 amplification in cell-free DNA of 2 of 3 patients with DDLPS. By applying a genome-wide approach to the analysis of cell-free DNA, we also detected amplification of other genes that are known to be recurrently affected in DDLPS. Based on the analysis of one patient with DDLPS with longitudinal plasma samples available, we show that tracking MDM2 amplification in cell-free DNA may be potentially useful for evaluation of response to treatment. The patient with WDLPS and patients with other soft tissue tumors in differential diagnosis were negative for the MDM2 amplification in cell-free DNA. In summary, we demonstrate the feasibility of detecting amplification of MDM2 and other DDLPS-associated genes in plasma cell-free DNA using technology that is already routinely applied for other clinical indications. Our results may have clinical implications for improved diagnosis and surveillance of patients with retroperitoneal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Przybyl
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Lien Spans
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristen Ganjoo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Nam Bui
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - David Mohler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Norton
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - George Poultsides
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Maria Debiec-Rychter
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matt van de Rijn
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
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11
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Dełeńko K, Nuc P, Kubiak D, Bielewicz D, Dolata J, Niedojadło K, Górka S, Jarmołowski A, Szweykowska-Kulińska Z, Niedojadło J. MicroRNA biogenesis and activity in plant cell dedifferentiation stimulated by cell wall removal. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:9. [PMID: 34979922 PMCID: PMC8722089 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the frequent use of protoplast-to-plant system in in vitro cultures of plants, the molecular mechanisms regulating the first and most limiting stages of this process, i.e., protoplast dedifferentiation and the first divisions leading to the formation of a microcallus, have not been elucidated. RESULTS In this study, we investigated the function of miRNAs in the dedifferentiation of A. thaliana mesophyll cells in a process stimulated by the enzymatic removal of the cell wall. Leaf cells, protoplasts and CDPs (cells derived from protoplasts) cultured for 24, 72 and 120 h (first cell division). In protoplasts, a strong decrease in the amount of AGO1 in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, as well as dicing bodies (DBs), which are considered to be sites of miRNA biogenesis, was shown. However during CDPs division, the amounts of AGO1 and DBs strongly increased. MicroRNA transcriptome studies demonstrated that lower amount of differentially expressed miRNAs are present in protoplasts than in CDPs cultured for 120 h. Then analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs, selected pri-miRNA and mRNA targets were performed. CONCLUSION This result indicates that miRNA function is not a major regulation of gene expression in the initial but in later steps of dedifferentiation during CDPs divisions. miRNAs participate in organogenesis, oxidative stress, nutrient deficiencies and cell cycle regulation in protoplasts and CDPs. The important role played by miRNAs in the process of dedifferentiation of mesophyll cells was confirmed by the increased mortality and reduced cell division of CDPs derived from mutants with defective miRNA biogenesis and miR319b expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Dełeńko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
- Centre For Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Przemysław Nuc
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dawid Kubiak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
- Centre For Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Dawid Bielewicz
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jakub Dolata
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Niedojadło
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Sylwia Górka
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
- Centre For Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Artur Jarmołowski
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Zofia Szweykowska-Kulińska
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Janusz Niedojadło
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
- Centre For Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
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12
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Zhang Q, Wu L, Liu SZ, Chen QJ, Zeng LP, Chen XZ, Zhang Q. Hsa_circ_0023990 Promotes Tumor Growth and Glycolysis in Dedifferentiated TC via Targeting miR-485-5p/FOXM1 Axis. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6355332. [PMID: 34414414 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the transformation to dedifferentiated thyroid cancer (TC) types, the ability of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) to concentrate radioactive iodine might be lost, raising difficulty for the current therapy. circRNAs were proved to be implicated in the progression of various cancers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the functional role and mechanism of hsa_circ_0023990 in dedifferentiated TC. METHODS The expression pattern of genes were detected using quantitative PCR or western blot assays. Cell proliferation was determined by CCK8, colony formation, EdU, and cell-cycle assays. Glycolysis was assessed using glucose uptake and lactate production assays. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to examine the interactions between miR-485-5p and hsa_circ_0023990 or FOXM1. Xenograft assay was allowed for observation of tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS Hsa_circ_0023990 and FOXM1 were upregulated in dedifferentiated TC tissues and cell lines. The higher level of hsa_circ_0023900 could stimulate the proliferation and glycolysis of dedifferentiated TC cells via positively regulating FOXM1. Mechanistically, miR-485-5p was demonstrated to interact with hsa_circ_0023990 and FOXM1 and involved in the regulation of has_circ_0023990 and FOXM1 in TC biological processes. CONCLUSION Our results discovered the functional network of hsa_circ_0023990 in dedifferentiated TC development by facilitating cell proliferation and glycolysis via miR-485-5p/FOXM1 axis, implying that hsa_circ_0023990 might be a potential therapeutic target for the dedifferentiated TC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Lian Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Zheng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Jie Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Peng Zeng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Zhong Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
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13
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Takabatake K, Matsubara M, Yamachika E, Fujita Y, Arimura Y, Nakatsuji K, Nakano K, Nagatsuka H, Iida S. Comparing the Osteogenic Potential and Bone Regeneration Capacities of Dedifferentiated Fat Cells and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells In Vitro and In Vivo: Application of DFAT Cells Isolated by a Mesh Method. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12392. [PMID: 34830277 PMCID: PMC8620969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated and compared the osteogenic potential and bone regeneration capacities of dedifferentiated fat cells (DFAT cells) and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). METHOD We isolated DFAT cells and ASCs from GFP mice. DFAT cells were established by a new culture method using a mesh culture instead of a ceiling culture. The isolated DFAT cells and ASCs were incubated in osteogenic medium, then alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays, and RT-PCR (for RUNX2, osteopontin, DLX5, osterix, and osteocalcin) were performed to evaluate the osteoblastic differentiation ability of both cell types in vitro. In vivo, the DFAT cells and ASCs were incubated in osteogenic medium for four weeks and seeded on collagen composite scaffolds, then implanted subcutaneously into the backs of mice. We then performed hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunostaining for GFP and osteocalcin. RESULTS The alizarin red-stained areas in DFAT cells showed weak calcification ability at two weeks, but high calcification ability at three weeks, similar to ASCs. The ALP levels of ASCs increased earlier than in DFAT cells and showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) at 6 and 9 days. The ALP levels of DFATs were higher than those of ASCs after 12 days. The expression levels of osteoblast marker genes (osterix and osteocalcin) of DFAT cells and ASCs were higher after osteogenic differentiation culture. CONCLUSION DFAT cells are easily isolated from a small amount of adipose tissue and are readily expanded with high purity; thus, DFAT cells are applicable to many tissue-engineering strategies and cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyofumi Takabatake
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (K.T.); (K.N.); (H.N.)
| | - Masakazu Matsubara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (Y.A.); (K.N.); (S.I.)
| | - Eiki Yamachika
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (Y.A.); (K.N.); (S.I.)
- Department of Dentistry, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, Okayama 701-1192, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8525, Japan;
| | - Yuki Arimura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (Y.A.); (K.N.); (S.I.)
| | - Kazuki Nakatsuji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (Y.A.); (K.N.); (S.I.)
| | - Keisuke Nakano
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (K.T.); (K.N.); (H.N.)
| | - Histoshi Nagatsuka
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (K.T.); (K.N.); (H.N.)
| | - Seiji Iida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (Y.A.); (K.N.); (S.I.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8525, Japan;
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14
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Pastorino L, Grillo F, Albertelli M, Ghiorzo P, Bruno W. Insights into Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910328. [PMID: 34638668 PMCID: PMC8508699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic studies have identified some of the most relevant genetic players in Neuroendocrine Neoplasm (NEN) tumorigenesis. However, we are still far from being able to draw a model that encompasses their heterogeneity, elucidates the different biological effects consequent to the identified molecular events, or incorporates extensive knowledge of molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Here, we reviewed recent insights in NEN tumorigenesis from selected basic research studies on animal models, highlighting novel players in the intergenic cooperation and peculiar mechanisms including splicing dysregulation, chromatin stability, or cell dedifferentiation. Furthermore, models of tumorigenesis based on composite interactions other than a linear progression of events are proposed, exemplified by the involvement in NEN tumorigenesis of genes regulating complex functions, such as MEN1 or DAXX. Although limited by interspecies differences, animal models have proved helpful for the more in-depth study of every facet of tumorigenesis, showing that the identification of driver mutations is only one of the many necessary steps and that other mechanisms are worth investigating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Pastorino
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.P.); (P.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Federica Grillo
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, 1632 Genoa, Italy
| | - Manuela Albertelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Ghiorzo
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.P.); (P.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - William Bruno
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.P.); (P.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(01)-0555-7254
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15
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Liu J, Ottaviani D, Sefta M, Desbrousses C, Chapeaublanc E, Aschero R, Sirab N, Lubieniecki F, Lamas G, Tonon L, Dehainault C, Hua C, Fréneaux P, Reichman S, Karboul N, Biton A, Mirabal-Ortega L, Larcher M, Brulard C, Arrufat S, Nicolas A, Elarouci N, Popova T, Némati F, Decaudin D, Gentien D, Baulande S, Mariani O, Dufour F, Guibert S, Vallot C, Rouic LLL, Matet A, Desjardins L, Pascual-Pasto G, Suñol M, Catala-Mora J, Llano GC, Couturier J, Barillot E, Schaiquevich P, Gauthier-Villars M, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Golmard L, Houdayer C, Brisse H, Bernard-Pierrot I, Letouzé E, Viari A, Saule S, Sastre-Garau X, Doz F, Carcaboso AM, Cassoux N, Pouponnot C, Goureau O, Chantada G, de Reyniès A, Aerts I, Radvanyi F. A high-risk retinoblastoma subtype with stemness features, dedifferentiated cone states and neuronal/ganglion cell gene expression. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5578. [PMID: 34552068 PMCID: PMC8458383 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most frequent intraocular malignancy in children, originating from a maturing cone precursor in the developing retina. Little is known on the molecular basis underlying the biological and clinical behavior of this cancer. Here, using multi-omics data, we demonstrate the existence of two retinoblastoma subtypes. Subtype 1, of earlier onset, includes most of the heritable forms. It harbors few genetic alterations other than the initiating RB1 inactivation and corresponds to differentiated tumors expressing mature cone markers. By contrast, subtype 2 tumors harbor frequent recurrent genetic alterations including MYCN-amplification. They express markers of less differentiated cone together with neuronal/ganglion cell markers with marked inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. The cone dedifferentiation in subtype 2 is associated with stemness features including low immune and interferon response, E2F and MYC/MYCN activation and a higher propensity for metastasis. The recognition of these two subtypes, one maintaining a cone-differentiated state, and the other, more aggressive, associated with cone dedifferentiation and expression of neuronal markers, opens up important biological and clinical perspectives for retinoblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Ottaviani
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
- Precision Medicine, Hospital J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Meriem Sefta
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Céline Desbrousses
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Chapeaublanc
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Rosario Aschero
- Pathology Service, Hospital J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nanor Sirab
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Gabriela Lamas
- Pathology Service, Hospital J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laurie Tonon
- Synergie Lyon Cancer, Plateforme de Bioinformatique "Gilles Thomas", Centre Léon Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Dehainault
- Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Clément Hua
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Paul Fréneaux
- Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sacha Reichman
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Narjesse Karboul
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Anne Biton
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, 75005, Paris, France
- Ecole des Mines ParisTech, 77305, Fontainebleau, France
- Institut Pasteur - Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Liliana Mirabal-Ortega
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR3347, PSL Research University, 91405, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U1021, 91405, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Magalie Larcher
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR3347, PSL Research University, 91405, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U1021, 91405, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Céline Brulard
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
- INSERM U930, CHU Bretonneau, 37000, Tours, France
| | - Sandrine Arrufat
- Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - André Nicolas
- Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nabila Elarouci
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Tatiana Popova
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U830, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Fariba Némati
- Département de Recherche Translationnelle, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Didier Decaudin
- Département de Recherche Translationnelle, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - David Gentien
- Département de Recherche Translationnelle, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Baulande
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, NGS Platform, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Odette Mariani
- Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dufour
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Céline Vallot
- GeCo Genomics Consulting, Integragen, 91000, Evry, France
| | | | - Alexandre Matet
- Département de Chirurgie, Service d'Ophtalmologie, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Desjardins
- Département de Chirurgie, Service d'Ophtalmologie, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Guillem Pascual-Pasto
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Suñol
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Catala-Mora
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Genoveva Correa Llano
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jérôme Couturier
- Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Barillot
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, 75005, Paris, France
- Ecole des Mines ParisTech, 77305, Fontainebleau, France
| | - Paula Schaiquevich
- Pathology Service, Hospital J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marion Gauthier-Villars
- Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U830, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lisa Golmard
- Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U830, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Claude Houdayer
- Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U830, 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Hervé Brisse
- Département d'Imagerie Médicale, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Bernard-Pierrot
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Eric Letouzé
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, 75006, Paris, France
- Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, équipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Université Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - Alain Viari
- Synergie Lyon Cancer, Plateforme de Bioinformatique "Gilles Thomas", Centre Léon Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Simon Saule
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR3347, PSL Research University, 91405, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U1021, 91405, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Xavier Sastre-Garau
- Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - François Doz
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- SIREDO Center (Care, Innovation and Research in Pediatric Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology), Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nathalie Cassoux
- Département de Chirurgie, Service d'Ophtalmologie, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Celio Pouponnot
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR3347, PSL Research University, 91405, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U1021, 91405, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Olivier Goureau
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Guillermo Chantada
- Precision Medicine, Hospital J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aurélien de Reyniès
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Aerts
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
- SIREDO Center (Care, Innovation and Research in Pediatric Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology), Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - François Radvanyi
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France.
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16
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Abstract
Growth factors belonging to the FGF family play important roles in tissue and organ repair after trauma. In this review, I discuss the regulation by FGFs of the aspects of cellular behavior important for reparative processes. In particular, I focus on the FGF-dependent regulation of cell proliferation, cell stemness, de-differentiation, inflammation, angiogenesis, cell senescence, cell death, and the production of proteases. In addition, I review the available literature on the enhancement of FGF expression and secretion in damaged tissues resulting in the increased FGF supply required for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Prudovsky
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Dr., Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
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17
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Li CW, Shi X, Ma B, Wang YL, Lu ZW, Liao T, Wang Y, Ji QH, Wei WJ. A 4 Gene-based Immune Signature Predicts Dedifferentiation and Immune Exhaustion in Thyroid Cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e3208-e3220. [PMID: 33656532 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The role of immune-related genes (IRGs) in thyroid cancer dedifferentiation and accompanying immune exhaustion remains largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE To construct a significant IRG-based signature indicative of dedifferentiation and immune exhaustion in thyroid cancer. DESIGN AND SETTINGS One exploratory cohort and 2 validation cohorts were used to identify stably dysregulated IRGs in dedifferentiated thyroid cancer (DDTC) and to obtain independent risk factors for dedifferentiation. The IRGs formed a gene signature, whose predictive value was tested by the receiver operating characteristic curve. Correlations between the signature and differentiation-related genes, immune checkpoints, and prognosis were analyzed. Gene set enrichment analyses were performed to identify related signaling pathways. RESULTS Four IRGs (PRKCQ, PLAUR, PSMD2, and BMP7) were found to be repeatedly dysregulated in DDTC, and they formed an IRG-based signature with a satisfactory predictive value for thyroid cancer dedifferentiation. Correlation analyses revealed that immune checkpoints were closely related to the 4 IRGs and the IRG-based signature, which was significantly associated with the histological subtype (P = 0.026), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001), and BRAFV600E mutation (P < 0.001). The downregulated expression of PRKCQ shortened the disease-free survival for patients with thyroid cancer. Furthermore, we identified several signaling pathways inherently associated with the IRG-based signature. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that IRGs participate in the dedifferentiation and immune exhaustion process of thyroid cancer and are potential biomarkers for DDTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Wei Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao Shi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ben Ma
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu-Long Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhong-Wu Lu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tian Liao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qing-Hai Ji
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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18
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Santoro A, Angelico G, Travaglino A, Raffone A, Arciuolo D, D'Alessandris N, Inzani F, Zannoni GF. Clinico-pathological significance of TCGA classification and SWI/SNF proteins expression in undifferentiated/dedifferentiated endometrial carcinoma: A possible prognostic risk stratification. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 161:629-635. [PMID: 33712277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undifferentiated/dedifferentiated endometrial carcinoma (UEC/DDEC) is a heterogeneous entity, which may show any of the TCGA molecular signatures and loss of the switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) proteins expression. AIM To assess the clinico-pathological significance of the TCGA molecular groups and SWI/SNF proteins expression in UEC/DDEC, through a quantitative systematic review. METHODS Electronic databases were searched for all studies assessing the TCGA molecular groups, i.e. POLE-mutant, mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd), p53-abnormal (p53abn) and no specific molecular profile (NSMP), and/or the SWI/SNF proteins (SMARCA4/BRG1, SMARCB1/INI1, ARID1B) expression in UEC/DDEC. Student t-test, Fisher's exact test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with long-rank test were used to assess differences among groups; a p-value<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Eight studies were included in the systematic review. Among the TCGA groups, the mean patient age was significantly higher in the p53abn group than in the NSMP group (p = 0.048). The POLE-mutant group showed advanced FIGO stage (III-IV) significantly less commonly than the NSMP (p = 0.003) and MMRd (p = 0.008) groups, and a significantly better prognosis than the NSMP (p = 0.007), MMRd (p = 0.011) and p53abn (p = 0.045) groups.The SWI/SNF-deficient cases showed a significantly worse prognosis than the SWI/SNF-intact cases (p = 0.010), while no significant differences were found regarding patient age and FIGO stage. CONCLUSIONS Among UEC/DDEC, POLE-mutant cases show good prognosis, while SWI/SNF-deficient cases show poor prognosis. The other TCGA molecular subtypes seem to be characterized by an intermediate biological behaviour. On this account, UEC/DDEC patients might be subdivided into three risk groups based on POLE and SWI/SNF status. Further studies are necessary in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Santoro
- Unità di Ginecopatologia e Patologia Mammaria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Angelico
- Unità di Ginecopatologia e Patologia Mammaria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Travaglino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Raffone
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Damiano Arciuolo
- Unità di Ginecopatologia e Patologia Mammaria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Nicoletta D'Alessandris
- Unità di Ginecopatologia e Patologia Mammaria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Frediano Inzani
- Unità di Ginecopatologia e Patologia Mammaria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Gian Franco Zannoni
- Unità di Ginecopatologia e Patologia Mammaria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Roma, Italy; Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Roma, Italy.
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19
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Chen R, Hou Y, Connell M, Zhu S. Homeodomain protein Six4 prevents the generation of supernumerary Drosophila type II neuroblasts and premature differentiation of intermediate neural progenitors. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009371. [PMID: 33556050 PMCID: PMC7895384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to boost the number and diversity of neurons generated from neural stem cells, intermediate neural progenitors (INPs) need to maintain their homeostasis by avoiding both dedifferentiation and premature differentiation. Elucidating how INPs maintain homeostasis is critical for understanding the generation of brain complexity and various neurological diseases resulting from defects in INP development. Here we report that Six4 expressed in Drosophila type II neuroblast (NB) lineages prevents the generation of supernumerary type II NBs and premature differentiation of INPs. We show that loss of Six4 leads to supernumerary type II NBs likely due to dedifferentiation of immature INPs (imINPs). We provide data to further demonstrate that Six4 inhibits the expression and activity of PntP1 in imINPs in part by forming a trimeric complex with Earmuff and PntP1. Furthermore, knockdown of Six4 exacerbates the loss of INPs resulting from the loss of PntP1 by enhancing ectopic Prospero expression in imINPs, suggesting that Six4 is also required for preventing premature differentiation of INPs. Taken together, our work identified a novel transcription factor that likely plays important roles in maintaining INP homeostasis. Intermediate neural progenitors (INPs) are descendants of neural stem cells that can proliferate for a short term to amplify the number of nerve cells generated in the brain. INPs play critical roles in determining how big and complex a brain can grow. To perform their function, INPs need to maintain their own population and must not adopt the identity of neural stem cells, a process called dedifferentiation, or acquire the fate of their own daughter cells and stop proliferation too soon, a process called premature differentiation. However, how INPs avoid dedifferentiation and premature differentiation is not fully understood. In this study, we identified a protein called Six4 as a novel factor that plays important roles in preventing the generation of extra neural stem cells and premature differentiation of INPs in developing fruit fly brains. We described how Six4 functionally and physically interacts with other factors that are involved in regulating INP cell fate specification. Our work provides novel insights into the mechanisms regulating INP development and could have important implications in understanding how complex brains are generated during normal development and how abnormal brain development or brain tumor can occur when INPs fail to avoid premature differentiation or dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Yanjun Hou
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Marisa Connell
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Sijun Zhu
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Karnezis AN, Chen SY, Chow C, Yang W, Hendricks WPD, Ramos P, Briones N, Mes-Masson AM, Bosse T, Gilks CB, Trent JM, Weissman B, Huntsman DG, Wang Y. Re-assigning the histologic identities of COV434 and TOV-112D ovarian cancer cell lines. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 160:568-578. [PMID: 33328126 PMCID: PMC10039450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of effective cancer treatments depends on the availability of cell lines that faithfully recapitulate the cancer in question. This study definitively re-assigns the histologic identities of two ovarian cancer cell lines, COV434 (originally described as a granulosa cell tumour) and TOV-112D (originally described as grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma), both of which were recently suggested to represent small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT), based on their shared gene expression profiles and sensitivity to EZH2 inhibitors. METHODS For COV434 and TOV-112D, we re-reviewed the original pathology slides and obtained clinical follow-up on the patients, when available, and performed immunohistochemistry for SMARCA4, SMARCA2 and additional diagnostic markers on the original formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) clinical material, when available. For COV434, we further performed whole exome sequencing and validated SMARCA4 mutations by Sanger sequencing. We studied the growth of the cell lines at baseline and upon re-expression of SMARCA4 in vitro for both cell lines and evaluated the serum calcium levels in vivo upon injection into immunodeficient mice for COV434 cells. RESULTS The available morphological, immunohistochemical, genetic, and clinical features indicate COV434 is derived from SCCOHT, and TOV-112D is a dedifferentiated carcinoma. Transplantation of COV434 into mice leads to increased serum calcium level. Re-expression of SMARCA4 in either COV434 and TOV-112D cells suppressed their growth dramatically. CONCLUSIONS COV434 represents a bona fide SCCOHT cell line. TOV-112D is a dedifferentiated ovarian carcinoma cell line.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/pathology
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/pathology
- Cell Dedifferentiation/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor/pathology
- DNA Helicases/analysis
- DNA Helicases/deficiency
- DNA Helicases/genetics
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Mice
- Nuclear Proteins/analysis
- Nuclear Proteins/deficiency
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Transcription Factors/analysis
- Transcription Factors/deficiency
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Exome Sequencing
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony N Karnezis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Shary Yuting Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christine Chow
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Winnie Yang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William P D Hendricks
- Division of Integrated Cancer Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Pilar Ramos
- Division of Integrated Cancer Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Natalia Briones
- Division of Integrated Cancer Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tjalling Bosse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - C Blake Gilks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Trent
- Division of Integrated Cancer Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Bernard Weissman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David G Huntsman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Yemin Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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21
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Su H, Qiao J, Hu J, Li Y, Lin J, Yu Q, Zhen J, Ma Q, Wang Q, Lv Z, Wang R. Podocyte-derived extracellular vesicles mediate renal proximal tubule cells dedifferentiation via microRNA-221 in diabetic nephropathy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:111034. [PMID: 32926967 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte injury is a key event in the initiation of Diabetic nephropathy (DN). Tubulointerstitium, especially the proximal tubule has been regarded as a target of injury. In the present study, we showed that podocytes induced dedifferentiation of proximal tubular epithelial cells(PTECs) in high-glucose conditions and extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediates the interaction. Then we extracted and identified these EVs derived from podocytes as exosome, further, the EVs induced PTECs dedifferentiation. Total microRNA(miRNA) expression of podocyte-derived EVs was extracted and miR-221 expression was remarkably increased. By making use of the miRNA gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we observed that miR-221 mediated PTECs dedifferentiation. In addition, a dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-221 direct target DKK2, which was an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, and overexpression of miR-221 significantly resulted in β-catenin nuclear accumulation. Moreover, we regulated the expression of β-catenin and demonstrated that miR-221 in EVs mediated proximal tubule cells injury through Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-221 in diabetic mice reversed the abnormal expression of PTECs dedifferentiation related protein. These findings provide unique insights in the mechanisms of proximal tubule cell injury in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Su
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Jiao Qiao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Jinxiu Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Jiangong Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Qun Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Junhui Zhen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Qiqi Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Qianhui Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Zhimei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
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22
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Avrahami D, Wang YJ, Schug J, Feleke E, Gao L, Liu C, Naji A, Glaser B, Kaestner KH. Single-cell transcriptomics of human islet ontogeny defines the molecular basis of β-cell dedifferentiation in T2D. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101057. [PMID: 32739450 PMCID: PMC7471622 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dedifferentiation of pancreatic β-cells may reduce islet function in type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the prevalence, plasticity and functional consequences of this cellular state remain unknown. METHODS We employed single-cell RNAseq to detail the maturation program of α- and β-cells during human ontogeny. We also compared islets from non-diabetic and T2D individuals. RESULTS Both α- and β-cells mature in part by repressing non-endocrine genes; however, α-cells retain hallmarks of an immature state, while β-cells attain a full β-cell specific gene expression program. In islets from T2D donors, both α- and β-cells have a less mature expression profile, de-repressing the juvenile genetic program and exocrine genes and increasing expression of exocytosis, inflammation and stress response signalling pathways. These changes are consistent with the increased proportion of β-cells displaying suboptimal function observed in T2D islets. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new insights into the molecular program underlying islet cell maturation during human ontogeny and the loss of transcriptomic maturity that occurs in islets of type 2 diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Avrahami
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yue J Wang
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan Schug
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eseye Feleke
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Long Gao
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chengyang Liu
- Department of Surgery and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ali Naji
- Department of Surgery and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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23
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Lopez-Bertoni H, Kotchetkov IS, Mihelson N, Lal B, Rui Y, Ames H, Lugo-Fagundo M, Guerrero-Cazares H, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Green JJ, Laterra J. A Sox2:miR-486-5p Axis Regulates Survival of GBM Cells by Inhibiting Tumor Suppressor Networks. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1644-1655. [PMID: 32094299 PMCID: PMC7165043 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and other solid malignancies are heterogeneous and contain subpopulations of tumor cells that exhibit stem-like features. Our recent findings point to a dedifferentiation mechanism by which reprogramming transcription factors Oct4 and Sox2 drive the stem-like phenotype in glioblastoma, in part, by differentially regulating subsets of miRNAs. Currently, the molecular mechanisms by which reprogramming transcription factors and miRNAs coordinate cancer stem cell tumor-propagating capacity are unclear. In this study, we identified miR-486-5p as a Sox2-induced miRNA that targets the tumor suppressor genes PTEN and FoxO1 and regulates the GBM stem-like cells. miR-486-5p associated with the GBM stem cell phenotype and Sox2 expression and was directly induced by Sox2 in glioma cell lines and patient-derived neurospheres. Forced expression of miR-486-5p enhanced the self-renewal capacity of GBM neurospheres, and inhibition of endogenous miR-486-5p activated PTEN and FoxO1 and induced cell death by upregulating proapoptotic protein BIM via a PTEN-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, delivery of miR-486-5p antagomirs to preestablished orthotopic GBM neurosphere-derived xenografts using advanced nanoparticle formulations reduced tumor sizes in vivo and enhanced the cytotoxic response to ionizing radiation. These results define a previously unrecognized and therapeutically targetable Sox2:miR-486-5p axis that enhances the survival of GBM stem cells by repressing tumor suppressor pathways. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies a novel axis that links core transcriptional drivers of cancer cell stemness to miR-486-5p-dependent modulation of tumor suppressor genes that feeds back to regulate glioma stem cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernando Lopez-Bertoni
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ivan S Kotchetkov
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nicole Mihelson
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bachchu Lal
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yuan Rui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Heather Ames
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maria Lugo-Fagundo
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hugo Guerrero-Cazares
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Departments of Materials Science & Engineering and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John Laterra
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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24
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Nichols JME, Antolović V, Reich JD, Brameyer S, Paschke P, Chubb JR. Cell and molecular transitions during efficient dedifferentiation. eLife 2020; 9:e55435. [PMID: 32255425 PMCID: PMC7190356 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiation is a critical response to tissue damage, yet is not well understood, even at a basic phenomenological level. Developing Dictyostelium cells undergo highly efficient dedifferentiation, completed by most cells within 24 hr. We use this rapid response to investigate the control features of dedifferentiation, combining single cell imaging with high temporal resolution transcriptomics. Gene expression during dedifferentiation was predominantly a simple reversal of developmental changes, with expression changes not following this pattern primarily associated with ribosome biogenesis. Mutation of genes induced early in dedifferentiation did not strongly perturb the reversal of development. This apparent robustness may arise from adaptability of cells: the relative temporal ordering of cell and molecular events was not absolute, suggesting cell programmes reach the same end using different mechanisms. In addition, although cells start from different fates, they rapidly converged on a single expression trajectory. These regulatory features may contribute to dedifferentiation responses during regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- John ME Nichols
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Vlatka Antolović
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jacob D Reich
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Peggy Paschke
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Chubb
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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25
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Kim M, Kim SJ, Xu Z, Ha SY, Byeon JH, Kang EJ, Shin SH, Yoo SK, Jee HG, Yoon SG, Yi JW, Bae JM, Yu HW, Chai YJ, Cho SW, Choi JY, Lee KE, Han W. BRAFV600E Transduction of an SV40-Immortalized Normal Human Thyroid Cell Line Induces Dedifferentiated Thyroid Carcinogenesis in a Mouse Xenograft Model. Thyroid 2020; 30:487-500. [PMID: 32122255 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite active studies of the clinical importance of BRAFV600E, suitable research models to investigate the role of this mutation in the etiopathogenesis of human thyroid cancers are limited. Thus, we generated cell lines by transducing the simian virus (SV)-40 immortalized human thyroid cell line Nthy-ori 3-1 (Nthy) with lentiviral vectors expressing either BRAFWT (Nthy/WT) or BRAFV600E. Nthy/WT and Nthy/V600E cells were then xenografted into mice to evaluate the carcinogenic role of BRAFV600E. Methods: Each cell line was subcutaneously injected into NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ mice, and a pathological analysis was performed. The effects of the mutation were further verified by using a BRAFV600E-selective inhibitor (PLX-4032, vemurafenib). The transcriptome was analyzed by RNA sequencing and compared with data from The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and Gene Expression Omnibus. Results: While Nthy/WT was not tumorigenic in vivo, Nthy/V600E formed tumors reaching 2784.343 mm3 in 4 weeks, on average. A pathological analysis indicated that Nthy/V600E tumors were dedifferentiated thyroid cancer. We found metastases in the lung, liver, and relevant lymph nodes. A transcriptomic analysis revealed 5512 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the mutant and wild-type cell lines, and more DEGs were shared with anaplastic thyroid cancer than with papillary thyroid cancer. BRAFV600E activated the cell cycle mainly by regulating G1/S phases. PLX-4032 treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth and metastasis. Conclusions: Our data show that BRAFV600E plays a pivotal role in the carcinogenic transformation of an SV40-transfected immortalized normal human thyroid cell line. This xenograft model is expected to contribute to studies of the etiopathogenesis and treatment of highly malignant thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Surgery, Thyroid Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhen Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, YanBian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Seong Yun Ha
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Byeon
- Department of Statistics, Yonsei Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Shin
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Keun Yoo
- Precision Medicine Institute, Macrogen, Inc., Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Gun Jee
- Healthcare Innovation Park, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gab Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Wook Yi
- Department of Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Mo Bae
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Won Yu
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Chai
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Wook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June Young Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Eun Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Surgery, Thyroid Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonshik Han
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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26
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Shi L, Ji Q, Liu L, Shi Y, Lu Z, Ye J, Zeng T, Xue Y, Yang Z, Liu Y, Lu J, Huang X, Qin Q, Li T, Lin Y. IL-22 produced by Th22 cells aggravates atherosclerosis development in ApoE -/- mice by enhancing DC-induced Th17 cell proliferation. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3064-3078. [PMID: 32022386 PMCID: PMC7077608 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Th22 cells are a novel subset of CD4+ T cells that primarily mediate biological effects through IL-22, with both Th22 cells and IL-22 being closely associated with multiple autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated whether and how Th22 cells affect atherosclerosis. ApoE-/- mice and age-matched C57BL/6J mice were fed a Western diet for 0, 4, 8 or 12 weeks. The results of dynamic analyses showed that Th22 cells, which secrete the majority of IL-22 among the known CD4+ cells, play a major role in atherosclerosis. ApoE-/- mice fed a Western diet for 12 weeks and administered recombinant mouse IL-22 (rIL-22) developed substantially larger plaques in both the aorta and aortic root and higher levels of CD3+ T cells, CD68+ macrophages, collagen, IL-6, Th17 cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and pSTAT3 but lower smooth muscle cell (SMC) α-actin expression than the control mice. Treatment with a neutralizing anti-IL-22 monoclonal antibody (IL-22 mAb) reversed the above effects. Bone marrow-derived DCs exhibited increased differentiation into mature DCs following rIL-22 and ox-LDL stimulation. IL-17 and pSTAT3 were up-regulated after stimulation with IL-22 and ox-LDL in cells cocultured with CD4+ T cells and mature DC supernatant, but this up-regulation was significantly inhibited by IL-6mAb or the cell-permeable STAT3 inhibitor S31-201. Thus, Th22 cell-derived IL-22 aggravates atherosclerosis development through a mechanism that is associated with IL-6/STAT3 activation, DC-induced Th17 cell proliferation and IL-22-stimulated SMC dedifferentiation into a synthetic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Qingwei Ji
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Zhengde Lu
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Zicong Yang
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Jianyong Lu
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Xinshun Huang
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Qiuwen Qin
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Tianzhu Li
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Ying‐zhong Lin
- Department of CardiologyThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
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27
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Li Y, Mao AS, Seo BR, Zhao X, Gupta SK, Chen M, Han YL, Shih TY, Mooney DJ, Guo M. Compression-induced dedifferentiation of adipocytes promotes tumor progression. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaax5611. [PMID: 32010780 PMCID: PMC6976290 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax5611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated physical stresses are generated during tumorigenesis that affect the surrounding compliant tissues including adipocytes. However, the effect of physical stressors on the behavior of adipocytes and their cross-talk with tumor cells remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that compression of cells, resulting from various types of physical stresses, can induce dedifferentiation of adipocytes via mechanically activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The compression-induced dedifferentiated adipocytes (CiDAs) have a distinct transcriptome profile, long-term self-renewal, and serial clonogenicity, but do not form teratomas. We then show that CiDAs notably enhance human mammary adenocarcinoma proliferation both in vitro and in a xenograft model, owing to myofibrogenesis of CiDAs in the tumor-conditioned environment. Collectively, our results highlight unique physical interplay in the tumor ecosystem; tumor-induced physical stresses stimulate de novo generation of CiDAs, which feedback to tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Angelo S. Mao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Bo Ri Seo
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Xing Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Satish Kumar Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maorong Chen
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yu Long Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ting-Yu Shih
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - David J. Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Corresponding author.
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28
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Juárez-González VT, López-Ruiz BA, Baldrich P, Luján-Soto E, Meyers BC, Dinkova TD. The explant developmental stage profoundly impacts small RNA-mediated regulation at the dedifferentiation step of maize somatic embryogenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14511. [PMID: 31601893 PMCID: PMC6786999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50962-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize somatic embryogenesis (SE) requires the induction of embryogenic callus and establishment of proliferation before plant regeneration. The molecular mechanisms underlying callus embryogenic potential are not well understood. Here we explored the role of small RNAs (sRNAs) and the accumulation of their target transcripts in maize SE at the dedifferentiation step using VS-535 zygotic embryos collected at distinct developmental stages and displaying contrasting in vitro embryogenic potential and morphology. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), trans-acting siRNAs (tasiRNAs), heterochromatic siRNAs (hc-siRNAs) populations and their RNA targets were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. Abundances of specific miRNAs, tasiRNAs and targets were validated by qRT-PCR. Unique accumulation patterns were found for immature embryo at 15 Days After Pollination (DAP) and for the callus induction from this explant, as compared to 23 DAP and mature embryos. miR156, miR164, miR166, tasiARFs and the 24 nt hc-siRNAs displayed the most strikingly different patterns between explants and during dedifferentiation. According to their role in auxin responses and developmental cues, we conclude that sRNA-target regulation operating within the 15 DAP immature embryo explant provides key molecular hints as to why this stage is relevant for callus induction with successful proliferation and plant regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasti T Juárez-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, México
| | - Brenda A López-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, México
| | - Patricia Baldrich
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Eduardo Luján-Soto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, México
| | - Blake C Meyers
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Tzvetanka D Dinkova
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, México.
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29
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Nikitski AV, Rominski SL, Condello V, Kaya C, Wankhede M, Panebianco F, Yang H, Altschuler DL, Nikiforov YE. Mouse Model of Thyroid Cancer Progression and Dedifferentiation Driven by STRN-ALK Expression and Loss of p53: Evidence for the Existence of Two Types of Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma. Thyroid 2019; 29:1425-1437. [PMID: 31298630 PMCID: PMC6797076 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Thyroid tumor progression from well-differentiated cancer to poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) involves step-wise dedifferentiation associated with loss of iodine avidity and poor outcomes. ALK fusions, typically STRN-ALK, are found with higher incidence in human PDTC compared with well-differentiated cancer and, as previously shown, can drive the development of murine PDTC. The aim of this study was to evaluate thyroid cancer initiation and progression in mice with concomitant expression of STRN-ALK and inactivation of the tumor suppressor p53 (Trp53) in thyroid follicular cells. Methods: Transgenic mice with thyroid-specific expression of STRN-ALK and biallelic p53 loss were generated and aged on a regular diet or with methimazole and sodium perchlorate goitrogen treatment. Development and progression of thyroid tumors were monitored by using ultrasound imaging, followed by detailed histological and immunohistochemical evaluation. Gene expression analysis was performed on selected tumor samples by using RNA-Seq and quantitative RT-PCR. Results: In mice treated with goitrogen, the first thyroid cancers appeared at 6 months of age, reaching 86% penetrance by the age of 12 months, while a similar rate (71%) of tumor occurrence in mice on regular diet was observed by 18 months of age. Histological examination revealed well-differentiated papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) (n = 26), PDTC (n = 21), and ATC (n = 8) that frequently coexisted in the same thyroid gland. The tumors were frequently lethal and associated with the development of lung metastasis in 24% of cases. Histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of these cancers recapitulated tumors seen in humans. Detailed analysis of PDTC revealed two tumor types with distinct cell morphology and immunohistochemical characteristics, designated as PDTC type 1 (PDTC1) and type 2 (PDTC2). Gene expression analysis showed that PDTC1 tumors retained higher expression of thyroid differentiation genes including Tg and Slc5a5 (Nis) as compared with PDTC2 tumors. Conclusions: In this study, we generated a new mouse model of multistep thyroid cancer dedifferentiation with evidence of progression from PTC to PDTC and ATC. Further, PDTC in these mice showed two distinct histologic appearances correlated with levels of expression of thyroid differentiation and iodine metabolism genes, suggesting a possibility of existence of two PDTC types with different functional characteristics and potential implication for therapeutic approaches to these tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase/genetics
- Animals
- Antithyroid Agents/toxicity
- Calmodulin-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Cell Dedifferentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Methimazole/toxicity
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Perchlorates/toxicity
- RNA-Seq
- Sodium Compounds/toxicity
- Symporters/genetics
- Thyroglobulin/genetics
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/chemically induced
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/genetics
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/pathology
- Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic/chemically induced
- Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic/genetics
- Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Transcriptome
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan L. Rominski
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vincenzo Condello
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cihan Kaya
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mamta Wankhede
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Hong Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel L. Altschuler
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuri E. Nikiforov
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Address correspondence to: Yuri E. Nikiforov, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, CLB Room 8031, 3477 Euler Way, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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Kohler H, Latteyer S, Hönes GS, Theurer S, Liao XH, Christoph S, Zwanziger D, Schulte JH, Kero J, Undeutsch H, Refetoff S, Schmid KW, Führer D, Moeller LC. Increased Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Activity Induces a Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma in Mice. Thyroid 2019; 29:1438-1446. [PMID: 31526103 PMCID: PMC8935483 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2018.0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: Radioiodine refractory dedifferentiated thyroid cancer is a major clinical challenge. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations with increased ALK activity, especially fusion genes, have been suggested to promote thyroid carcinogenesis, leading to development of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. To determine the oncogenic potential of increased ALK activity in thyroid carcinogenesis in vivo, we studied mice with thyrocyte-specific expression of a constitutively active ALK mutant. Methods: Mice carrying a Cre-activated allele of a constitutively active ALK mutant (F1174L) were crossed with mice expressing tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase (CreERT2) under the control of the thyroglobulin (Tg) gene promoter to achieve thyrocyte-specific expression of the ALK mutant (ALKF1174L mice). Survival, thyroid hormone serum concentration, and tumor development were recorded. Thyroids and lungs were studied histologically. To maintain euthyroidism despite dedifferentiation of the thyroid, a cohort was substituted with levothyroxine (LT4) through drinking water. Results: ALKF1174L mice developed massively enlarged thyroids, which showed an early loss of normal follicular architecture 12 weeks after tamoxifen injection. A significant decrease in Tg and Nkx-2.1 expression as well as impaired thyroid hormone synthesis confirmed dedifferentiation. Histologically, the mice developed a carcinoma resembling human PDTC with a predominantly trabecular/solid growth pattern and an increased mitotic rate. The tumors showed extrathyroidal extension into the surrounding strap muscles and developed lung metastases. Median survival of ALKF1174L mice was significantly reduced to five months after tamoxifen injection. Reduced Tg expression and loss of follicular structure led to hypothyroidism with elevated thyrotropin (TSH). To test whether TSH stimulation played a role in thyroid carcinogenesis, we kept ALKF1174L mice euthyroid by LT4 substitution. These mice developed PDTC with identical histological features compared with hypothyroid mice, demonstrating that PDTC development was due to increased ALK activity and not dependent on TSH stimulation. Conclusion: Expression of a constitutively activated ALK mutant in thyroids of mice leads to development of metastasizing thyroid cancer resembling human PDTC. These results demonstrate in vivo that increased ALK activity is a driver mechanism in thyroid carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kohler
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Soeren Latteyer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Georg Sebastian Hönes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Theurer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xiao-Hui Liao
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sandra Christoph
- Clinic for Bone Marrow Transplants, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Denise Zwanziger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes H. Schulte
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jukka Kero
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hendrik Undeutsch
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kurt W. Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars C. Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Address correspondence to: Lars C. Moeller, MD, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, Essen 45147, Germany
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Zhou D, Luo Y, Dingli D, Traulsen A. The invasion of de-differentiating cancer cells into hierarchical tissues. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007167. [PMID: 31260442 PMCID: PMC6625723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many fast renewing tissues are characterized by a hierarchical cellular architecture, with tissue specific stem cells at the root of the cellular hierarchy, differentiating into a whole range of specialized cells. There is increasing evidence that tumors are structured in a very similar way, mirroring the hierarchical structure of the host tissue. In some tissues, differentiated cells can also revert to the stem cell phenotype, which increases the risk that mutant cells lead to long lasting clones in the tissue. However, it is unclear under which circumstances de-differentiating cells will invade a tissue. To address this, we developed mathematical models to investigate how de-differentiation is selected as an adaptive mechanism in the context of cellular hierarchies. We derive thresholds for which de-differentiation is expected to emerge, and it is shown that the selection of de-differentiation is a result of the combination of the properties of cellular hierarchy and de-differentiation patterns. Our results suggest that de-differentiation is most likely to be favored provided stem cells having the largest effective self-renewal rate. Moreover, jumpwise de-differentiation provides a wider range of favorable conditions than stepwise de-differentiation. Finally, the effect of de-differentiation on the redistribution of self-renewal and differentiation probabilities also greatly influences the selection for de-differentiation. How can a tissue such as the blood system or the skin, which constantly produces a huge number of cells, avoids that errors accumulate in the cells over time? Such tissues are typically organized in cellular hierarchies, which induce a directional relation between different stages of cellular differentiation, minimizing the risk of retention of mutations. However, recent evidence also shows that some differentiated cells can de-differentiate into the stem cell phenotype. Why does de-differentiation arise in some tumors, but not in others? We developed a mathematical model to study the growth competition between de-differentiating mutant cell populations and non de-differentiating resident cell population. Our results suggest that the invasion of de-differentiation is jointly influenced by the cellular hierarchy (e.g. number of cell compartments, inherent cell division pattern) and the de-differentiation pattern, i.e. how exactly cells acquire their stem-cell like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Zhou
- School of Mathematical Sciences and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling and High-Performance Scientific Computation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Evolutionary Theory, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- * E-mail: (DZ); (AT)
| | - Yue Luo
- School of Mathematical Sciences and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling and High-Performance Scientific Computation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - David Dingli
- Division of Hematology and Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Arne Traulsen
- Department of Evolutionary Theory, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- * E-mail: (DZ); (AT)
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Hu T, Yao B, Huang S, Fu X. Insight into cellular dedifferentiation in regenerative medicine. Sci China Life Sci 2019; 63:301-304. [PMID: 31187305 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-9571-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Hu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, the Fourth Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100048, China
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Bin Yao
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, the Fourth Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100048, China
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sha Huang
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, the Fourth Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, the Fourth Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Kanan AD, Corey E, Vêncio RZN, Ishwar A, Liu AY. Lineage relationship between prostate adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:518. [PMID: 31146720 PMCID: PMC6543672 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer displays different morphologies which, in turn, affect patient outcome. This fact prompted questions about the lineage relationship between differentiated, more treatable prostate adenocarcinoma and poorly differentiated, less treatable non-adenocarcinoma including small cell carcinoma, and the molecular mechanism underlying prostate cancer differentiation. METHODS Newly available non-adenocarcinoma/small cell carcinoma PDX LuCaP lines were analyzed for expression of stem cell transcription factors (scTF) LIN28A, NANOG, POU5F1, SOX2, which are responsible for reprogramming or de-differentiation. cDNA of these genes were cloned from small cell carcinoma LuCaP 145.1 into expression vectors to determine if they could function in reprogramming. RESULTS Expression of scTF was detected in small cell carcinoma LuCaP 93, 145.1, 145.2, and non-adenocarcinoma LuCaP 173.1, 173.2A. Transfection of scTF from LuCaP 145.1 altered the gene expression of prostate non-small cell carcinoma cells, as well as fibroblasts. The resultant cells grew in stem-like colonies. Of note was a 10-fold lower expression of B2M in the transfected cells. Low B2M was also characteristic of LuCaP 145.1. Conversely, B2M was increased when stem cells were induced to differentiate. CONCLUSIONS This work suggested a pathway in the emergence of non-adenocarcinoma/small cell carcinoma from adenocarcinoma through activation of scTF genes that produced cancer de-differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelle D Kanan
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Box 358056, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, Washington, 98195-6100, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Box 358056, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, Washington, 98195-6100, USA
| | - Ricardo Z N Vêncio
- Department of Mathematics, University of Sao Paulo, 3900 Ave Bandeirantes, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Arjun Ishwar
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 168 3rd Ave, Waltham, Massachutts, 02451, USA
- Sophia Genetics, 1550 E Campbell Ave. #4032, Phoenix, Arizona, 85014, USA
| | - Alvin Y Liu
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Box 358056, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, Washington, 98195-6100, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Hu YB, Yan C, Mu L, Mi YL, Zhao H, Hu H, Li XL, Tao DD, Wu YQ, Gong JP, Qin JC. Exosomal Wnt-induced dedifferentiation of colorectal cancer cells contributes to chemotherapy resistance. Oncogene 2019; 38:1951-1965. [PMID: 30390075 PMCID: PMC6756234 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are inherently resistant to chemotherapy, and CSCs in chemotherapy-failed recurrent tumors are enriched; however, the cellular origin of chemotherapy-induced CSC enrichment remains unclear. Communication with stromal fibroblasts may induce cancer cell dedifferentiation into CSCs through secreted factors. We recently demonstrated that fibroblast-derived exosomes promote chemoresistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we report that fibroblasts confer CRC chemoresistance via exosome-induced reprogramming (dedifferentiation) of bulk CRC cells to phenotypic and functional CSCs. At the molecular level, we provided evidence that the major reprogramming regulators in fibroblast-exosomes are Wnts. Exosomal Wnts were found to increase Wnt activity and drug resistance in differentiated CRC cells, and inhibiting Wnt release diminished this effect in vitro and in vivo. Together, our results indicate that exosomal Wnts derived from fibroblasts could induce the dedifferentiation of cancer cells to promote chemoresistance in CRC, and suggest that interfering with exosomal Wnt signaling may help to improve chemosensitivity and the therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-B Hu
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - C Yan
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - L Mu
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Y-L Mi
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - H Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - H Hu
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - X-L Li
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - D-D Tao
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Y-Q Wu
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - J-P Gong
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - J-C Qin
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Kato R, Hayashi M, Aiuchi T, Sawada N, Obama T, Itabe H. Temporal and spatial changes of peroxiredoxin 2 levels in aortic media at very early stages of atherosclerotic lesion formation in apoE-knockout mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:348-360. [PMID: 30395970 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The events that trigger early onset of atherosclerotic lesion formation are poorly understood. Initially, microscopic atherosclerotic lesions appear in the aortic root in 10-week-old apoE-knockout mice that are fed normal chow. Using proteome and immunohistochemical analyses, we investigated proteins in aortic media whose expression changes in athero-prone regions at the beginning of lesion formation. Protein profiles of the root/arch and thoracic/abdominal regions of aortas in 10-week-old apoE-knockout mice were analyzed using 2D-gel electrophoresis. Proteins in 81 spots with different abundance were identified. Among them, we focused on proteins related to oxidative stress and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The level of peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2), a major cellular antioxidant enzyme that reduces hydrogen peroxide, was lower in aortic root/arch compared with thoracic/abdominal aorta. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that Prx2 expression in SMCs in the aortic root was high at 4 weeks and decreased at 10 weeks in apoE-knockout mice, while Prx2 expression in the aorta was unchanged in wild-type mice. The level of Prx2 expression correlated positively with the SMC differentiation markers, α-smooth muscle actin and transgelin, suggesting that a decline in Prx2 expression accompanies SMC dedifferentiation. Accumulated acrolein-modified proteins and the infiltration of macrophages in aortic media were observed in areas with low Prx2 expression. These results showed that Prx2 expression declines in athero-prone aortic root before lesion formation, and this reduction in Prx2 expression correlates with lipid peroxidation, SMC dedifferentiation, and macrophage recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Kato
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masataka Hayashi
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Aiuchi
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Naoko Sawada
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Obama
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Itabe
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a global health issue and dedifferentiation plays underlying causes in the pathophysiology of T2D; however, there is a lack of understanding in the mechanism. Dedifferentiation results from the loss of function of pancreatic β-cells alongside a reduction in essential transcription factors under various physiological stressors. Our study aimed to establish db/db as an animal model for dedifferentiation by using RNA sequencing to compare the gene expression profile in islets isolated from wild-type, db/+ and db/db mice, and qPCR was performed to validate those significant genes. A reduction in both insulin secretion and the expression of Ins1, Ins2, Glut2, Pdx1 and MafA was indicative of dedifferentiation in db/db islets. A comparison of the db/+ and the wild-type islets indicated a reduction in insulin secretion perhaps related to the decreased Mt1. A significant reduction in both Rn45s and Mir6236 was identified in db/+ compared to wild-type islets, which may be indicative of pre-diabetic state. A further significant reduction in RasGRF1, Igf1R and Htt was also identified in dedifferentiated db/db islets. Molecular characterisation of the db/db islets was performed via Ingenuity analysis which identified highly significant genes that may represent new molecular markers of dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Neelankal John
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
- School of Medicine And Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Carwley, WA, Australia.
- Islet Cell Development Program, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Verdun St, Perth Western, 6009, Australia.
| | - Ramesh Ram
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Medicine And Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Carwley, WA, Australia
| | - Fang-Xu Jiang
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
- School of Medicine And Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Carwley, WA, Australia.
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Wang L, Liu N, Wang T, Li J, Wen T, Yang X, Lindsey K, Zhang X. The GhmiR157a-GhSPL10 regulatory module controls initial cellular dedifferentiation and callus proliferation in cotton by modulating ethylene-mediated flavonoid biosynthesis. J Exp Bot 2018; 69:1081-1093. [PMID: 29253187 PMCID: PMC6018973 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) modulate many biological processes through inactivation of specific mRNA targets such as those encoding transcription factors. A delicate spatial/temporal balance between specific miRNAs and their targets is central to achieving the appropriate biological outcomes. Somatic embryogenesis in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), which goes through initial cellular dedifferentiation, callus proliferation, and somatic embryo development, is of great importance for both fundamental research and biotechnological applications. In this study, we characterize the function of the GhmiR157a-GhSPL10 miRNA-transcription factor module during somatic embryogenesis in cotton. We show that overexpression of GhSPL10, a target of GhmiR157a, increases free auxin and ethylene content and expression of associated signaling pathways, activates the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, and promotes initial cellular dedifferentiation and callus proliferation. Inhibition of expression of the flavonoid synthesis gene F3H in GhSPL10 overexpression lines (35S:rSPL10-7) blocked callus initiation, while exogenous application of several types of flavonol promoted callus proliferation, associated with cell cycle-related gene expression. Inhibition of ethylene synthesis by aminoethoxyvinylglycine treatment in the 35S:rSPL10-7 line severely inhibited callus initiation, while activation of ethylene signaling through 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid treatment, EIN2 overexpression, or inhibition of the ethylene negative regulator CTR1 by RNA interference promoted flavonoid-related gene expression and flavonol accumulation. These results show that an up-regulation of ethylene signaling and the activation of flavonoid biosynthesis in GhSPL10 overexpression lines were associated with initial cellular dedifferentiation and callus proliferation. Our results demonstrate the importance of a GhmiR157a-GhSPL10 gene module in regulating somatic embryogenesis via hormonal and flavonoid pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Nian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jianying Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Tianwang Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xiyan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- Correspondence:
| | - Keith Lindsey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, UK
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
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YAMADA Y, YAMADA Y. The causal relationship between epigenetic abnormality and cancer development: in vivo reprogramming and its future application. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci 2018; 94:235-247. [PMID: 29887568 PMCID: PMC6085517 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.94.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that cancer cells acquire epigenetic abnormalities as well as genetic mutations during cancer initiation, maintenance, and progression. However, the role of epigenetic regulation in cancer development, especially at the organismal level, remains to be elucidated. Here, we describe the causative role of epigenetic abnormalities in cancer, referring to our in vivo studies using induced pluripotent stem cell technology. We first summarize epigenetic reorganization during cellular reprogramming and introduce our in vivo reprogramming system for investigating the impact of dedifferentiation-driven epigenetic disruption in cancer development. Accordingly, we propose that particular types of cancer, in which causative mutations are not often detectable, such as pediatric cancers like Wilms' tumor, may develop mainly through alterations in epigenetic regulation triggered by dedifferentiation. Finally, we discuss issues that still remain to be resolved, and propose possible future applications of in vivo reprogramming to study cancer and other biological phenomena including organismal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke YAMADA
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro YAMADA
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Division of Stem Cell Pathology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- AMED-CREST, AMED, Tokyo, Japan
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Louie KW, Saera-Vila A, Kish PE, Colacino JA, Kahana A. Temporally distinct transcriptional regulation of myocyte dedifferentiation and Myofiber growth during muscle regeneration. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:854. [PMID: 29121865 PMCID: PMC5680785 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue regeneration requires a series of steps, beginning with generation of the necessary cell mass, followed by cell migration into damaged area, and ending with differentiation and integration with surrounding tissues. Temporal regulation of these steps lies at the heart of the regenerative process, yet its basis is not well understood. The ability of zebrafish to dedifferentiate mature "post-mitotic" myocytes into proliferating myoblasts that in turn regenerate lost muscle tissue provides an opportunity to probe the molecular mechanisms of regeneration. RESULTS Following subtotal excision of adult zebrafish lateral rectus muscle, dedifferentiating residual myocytes were collected at two time points prior to cell cycle reentry and compared to uninjured muscles using RNA-seq. Functional annotation (GAGE or K-means clustering followed by GO enrichment) revealed a coordinated response encompassing epigenetic regulation of transcription, RNA processing, and DNA replication and repair, along with protein degradation and translation that would rewire the cellular proteome and metabolome. Selected candidate genes were phenotypically validated in vivo by morpholino knockdown. Rapidly induced gene products, such as the Polycomb group factors Ezh2 and Suz12a, were necessary for both efficient dedifferentiation (i.e. cell reprogramming leading to cell cycle reentry) and complete anatomic regeneration. In contrast, the late activated gene fibronectin was important for efficient anatomic muscle regeneration but not for the early step of myocyte cell cycle reentry. CONCLUSIONS Reprogramming of a "post-mitotic" myocyte into a dedifferentiated myoblast requires a complex coordinated effort that reshapes the cellular proteome and rewires metabolic pathways mediated by heritable yet nuanced epigenetic alterations and molecular switches, including transcription factors and non-coding RNAs. Our studies show that temporal regulation of gene expression is programmatically linked to distinct steps in the regeneration process, with immediate early expression driving dedifferentiation and reprogramming, and later expression facilitating anatomical regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke'ale W Louie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alfonso Saera-Vila
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
| | - Phillip E Kish
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Justin A Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alon Kahana
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Jia Z, Liang Y, Ma B, Xu X, Xiong J, Duan L, Wang D. A 5-mC Dot Blot Assay Quantifying the DNA Methylation Level of Chondrocyte Dedifferentiation In Vitro. J Vis Exp 2017:55565. [PMID: 28570531 PMCID: PMC5607994 DOI: 10.3791/55565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The dedifferentiation of hyaline chondrocytes into fibroblastic chondrocytes often accompanies monolayer expansion of chondrocytes in vitro. The global DNA methylation level of chondrocytes is considered to be a suitable biomarker for the loss of the chondrocyte phenotype. However, results based on different experimental methods can be inconsistent. Therefore, it is important to establish a precise, simple, and rapid method to quantify global DNA methylation levels during chondrocyte dedifferentiation. Current genome-wide methylation analysis techniques largely rely on bisulfite genomic sequencing. Due to DNA degradation during bisulfite conversion, these methods typically require a large sample volume. Other methods used to quantify global DNA methylation levels include high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, HPLC requires complete digestion of genomic DNA. Additionally, the prohibitively high cost of HPLC instruments limits HPLC's wider application. In this study, genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from human chondrocytes cultured with varying number of passages. The gDNA methylation level was detected using a methylation-specific dot blot assay. In this dot blot approach, a gDNA mixture containing the methylated DNA to be detected was spotted directly onto an N+ membrane as a dot inside a previously drawn circular template pattern. Compared with other gel electrophoresis-based blotting approaches and other complex blotting procedures, the dot blot method saves significant time. In addition, dot blots can detect overall DNA methylation level using a commercially available 5-mC antibody. We found that the DNA methylation level differed between the monolayer subcultures, and therefore could play a key role in chondrocyte dedifferentiation. The 5-mC dot blot is a reliable, simple, and rapid method to detect the general DNA methylation level to evaluate chondrocyte phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Jia
- Guangzhou Medical University; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopeadic Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University)
| | - Yujie Liang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Renji Hospital Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Xiao Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopeadic Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University); Shantou University Medical College
| | - Jianyi Xiong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopeadic Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University)
| | - Li Duan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopeadic Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University);
| | - Daping Wang
- Guangzhou Medical University; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopeadic Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University);
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Marión RM, López de Silanes I, Mosteiro L, Gamache B, Abad M, Guerra C, Megías D, Serrano M, Blasco MA. Common Telomere Changes during In Vivo Reprogramming and Early Stages of Tumorigenesis. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:460-475. [PMID: 28162998 PMCID: PMC5312258 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of differentiated cells into induced pluripotent stem cells has been recently achieved in vivo in mice. Telomeres are essential for chromosomal stability and determine organismal life span as well as cancer growth. Here, we study whether tissue dedifferentiation induced by in vivo reprogramming involves changes at telomeres. We find telomerase-dependent telomere elongation in the reprogrammed areas. Notably, we found highly upregulated expression of the TRF1 telomere protein in the reprogrammed areas, which was independent of telomere length. Moreover, TRF1 inhibition reduced in vivo reprogramming efficiency. Importantly, we extend the finding of TRF1 upregulation to pathological tissue dedifferentiation associated with neoplasias, in particular during pancreatic acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, a process that involves transdifferentiation of adult acinar cells into ductal-like cells due to K-Ras oncogene expression. These findings place telomeres as important players in cellular plasticity both during in vivo reprogramming and in pathological conditions associated with increased plasticity, such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Marión
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Isabel López de Silanes
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Lluc Mosteiro
- Tumour Suppression Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Benjamin Gamache
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - María Abad
- Tumour Suppression Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Carmen Guerra
- Experimental Oncology Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Diego Megías
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Tumour Suppression Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Maria A Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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Coll-Bonfill N, Peinado VI, Pisano MV, Párrizas M, Blanco I, Evers M, Engelmann JC, García-Lucio J, Tura-Ceide O, Meister G, Barberà JA, Musri MM. Slug Is Increased in Vascular Remodeling and Induces a Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferative Phenotype. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159460. [PMID: 27441378 PMCID: PMC4956159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies have confirmed Slug as a key player in regulating phenotypic changes in several cell models, however, its role in smooth muscle cells (SMC) has never been assessed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of Slug during the phenotypic switch of SMC in vitro and throughout the development of vascular remodeling. Methods and Results Slug expression was decreased during both cell-to-cell contact and TGFβ1 induced SMC differentiation. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), a known inductor of a proliferative/dedifferentiated SMC phenotype, induces the expression of Slug in SMC. Slug knockdown blocked TNFα-induced SMC phenotypic change and significantly reduced both SMC proliferation and migration, while its overexpression blocked the TGFβ1-induced SMC differentiation and induced proliferation and migration. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis showed that in SMC, Slug knockdown induced changes mainly in genes related to proliferation and migration, indicating that Slug controls these processes in SMC. Notably, Slug expression was significantly up-regulated in lungs of mice using a model of pulmonary hypertension-related vascular remodeling. Highly remodeled human pulmonary arteries also showed an increase of Slug expression compared to less remodeled arteries. Conclusions Slug emerges as a key transcription factor driving SMC towards a proliferative phenotype. The increased Slug expression observed in vivo in highly remodeled arteries of mice and human suggests a role of Slug in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Coll-Bonfill
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor I. Peinado
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - María V. Pisano
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Isabel Blanco
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maurits Evers
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia C. Engelmann
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jessica García-Lucio
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gunter Meister
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joan Albert Barberà
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Melina M. Musri
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Balakrishnan A, Stykel MG, Touahri Y, Stratton JA, Biernaskie J, Schuurmans C. Temporal Analysis of Gene Expression in the Murine Schwann Cell Lineage and the Acutely Injured Postnatal Nerve. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153256. [PMID: 27058953 PMCID: PMC4826002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) arise from neural crest cells (NCCs) that first give rise to SC precursors (SCPs), followed by immature SCs, pro-myelinating SCs, and finally, non-myelinating or myelinating SCs. After nerve injury, mature SCs ‘de-differentiate’, downregulating their myelination program while transiently re-activating early glial lineage genes. To better understand molecular parallels between developing and de-differentiated SCs, we characterized the expression profiles of a panel of 12 transcription factors from the onset of NCC migration through postnatal stages, as well as after acute nerve injury. Using Sox10 as a pan-glial marker in co-expression studies, the earliest transcription factors expressed in E9.0 Sox10+ NCCs were Sox9, Pax3, AP2α and Nfatc4. E10.5 Sox10+ NCCs coalescing in the dorsal root ganglia differed slightly, expressing Sox9, Pax3, AP2α and Etv5. E12.5 SCPs continued to express Sox10, Sox9, AP2α and Pax3, as well as initiating Sox2 and Egr1 expression. E14.5 immature SCs were similar to SCPs, except that they lost Pax3 expression. By E18.5, AP2α, Sox2 and Egr1 expression was turned off in the nerve, while Jun, Oct6 and Yy1 expression was initiated in pro-myelinating Sox9+/Sox10+ SCs. Early postnatal and adult SCs continued to express Sox9, Jun, Oct6 and Yy1 and initiated Nfatc4 and Egr2 expression. Notably, at all stages, expression of each marker was observed only in a subset of Sox10+ SCs, highlighting the heterogeneity of the SC pool. Following acute nerve injury, Egr1, Jun, Oct6, and Sox2 expression was upregulated, Egr2 expression was downregulated, while Sox9, Yy1, and Nfatc4 expression was maintained at similar frequencies. Notably, de-differentiated SCs in the injured nerve did not display a transcription factor profile corresponding to a specific stage in the SC lineage. Taken together, we demonstrate that uninjured and injured SCs are heterogeneous and distinct from one another, and de-differentiation recapitulates transcriptional aspects of several different embryonic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Balakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Morgan G. Stykel
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Yacine Touahri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jo Anne Stratton
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- * E-mail: (CS); (JB)
| | - Carol Schuurmans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- * E-mail: (CS); (JB)
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Ghosh S. Human regeneration: An achievable goal or a dream? J Biosci 2016; 41:157-65. [PMID: 26949097 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-016-9589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of regenerative medicine is to replenish cells or tissues or even to restore different body parts that are lost or damaged due to disease, injury and aging. Several avenues have been explored over many decades to address the fascinating problem of regeneration at the cell, tissue and organ levels. Here we discuss some of the primary approaches adopted by researchers in the context of enhancing the regenerating ability of mammals. Natural regeneration can occur in different animal species, and the underlying mechanism is highly relevant to regenerative medicine-based intervention. Significant progress has been achieved in understanding the endogenous regeneration in urodeles and fishes with the hope that they could help to reach our goal of designing future strategies for human regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukla Ghosh
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India,
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45
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Lee K, Park OS, Jung SJ, Seo PJ. Histone deacetylation-mediated cellular dedifferentiation in Arabidopsis. J Plant Physiol 2016; 191:95-100. [PMID: 26724747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin structure determines the accessibility of transcriptional regulators to target DNA and contributes to regulation of gene expression. Posttranslational modifications of core histone proteins underlie the reversible changes in chromatin structure. Epigenetic regulation is closely associated with cellular differentiation. Consistently, we found that histone deacetylation is required for callus formation from leaf explants in Arabidopsis . Treatment with trichostatin A (TSA) led to defective callus formation on callus-inducing medium (CIM). Gene expression profiling revealed that a subset of HDAC genes, including HISTONE DEACETYLASE 9 (HDA9), HD-TUINS PROTEIN 1 (HDT1), HDT2, HDT4, and SIRTUIN 1 (SRT1), was significantly up-regulated in calli. In support of this, genetic mutations of HDA9 or HDT1 showed reduced capability of callus formation, probably owing to their roles in regulating auxin and embryonic and meristematic developmental signaling. Taken together, our findings suggest that histone deacetylation is intimately associated with the leaf-to-callus transition, and multiple signaling pathways are controlled by means of histone modification during cellular dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyounghee Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Sun Park
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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Lee K, Park OS, Jung SJ, Seo PJ. Histone deacetylation-mediated cellular dedifferentiation in Arabidopsis. J Plant Physiol 2016; 191:95-100. [PMID: 26724747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.12.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin structure determines the accessibility of transcriptional regulators to target DNA and contributes to regulation of gene expression. Posttranslational modifications of core histone proteins underlie the reversible changes in chromatin structure. Epigenetic regulation is closely associated with cellular differentiation. Consistently, we found that histone deacetylation is required for callus formation from leaf explants in Arabidopsis . Treatment with trichostatin A (TSA) led to defective callus formation on callus-inducing medium (CIM). Gene expression profiling revealed that a subset of HDAC genes, including HISTONE DEACETYLASE 9 (HDA9), HD-TUINS PROTEIN 1 (HDT1), HDT2, HDT4, and SIRTUIN 1 (SRT1), was significantly up-regulated in calli. In support of this, genetic mutations of HDA9 or HDT1 showed reduced capability of callus formation, probably owing to their roles in regulating auxin and embryonic and meristematic developmental signaling. Taken together, our findings suggest that histone deacetylation is intimately associated with the leaf-to-callus transition, and multiple signaling pathways are controlled by means of histone modification during cellular dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyounghee Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Sun Park
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
In-vitro expansion of insulin-producing cells from adult human pancreatic islets could provide an abundant cell source for diabetes therapy. However, proliferation of β-cell-derived (BCD) cells is associated with loss of phenotype and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Nevertheless, BCD cells maintain open chromatin structure at β-cell genes, suggesting that they could be readily redifferentiated. The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway has been implicated in EMT in a range of cell types. Here we show that human islet cell expansion in vitro involves upregulation of the TGFβ pathway. Blocking TGFβ pathway activation using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against TGFβ Receptor 1 (TGFBR1, ALK5) transcripts inhibits BCD cell proliferation and dedifferentiation. Treatment of expanded BCD cells with ALK5 shRNA results in their redifferentiation, as judged by expression of β-cell genes and decreased cell proliferation. These effects, which are reproducible in cells from multiple human donors, are mediated, at least in part, by AKT-FOXO1 signaling. ALK5 inhibition synergizes with a soluble factor cocktail to promote BCD cell redifferentiation. The combined treatment may offer a therapeutically applicable way for generating an abundant source of functional insulin-producing cells following ex-vivo expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginat Toren-Haritan
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shimon Efrat
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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48
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Ohtani M. Regulation of RNA metabolism is important for in vitro dedifferentiation of plant cells. J Plant Res 2015; 128:361-369. [PMID: 25694002 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-015-0700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic high regenerative ability of plants has been exploited to develop in vitro plant regeneration techniques, which are usually initiated by an in vitro dedifferentiation step induced by artificial phytohormone treatment. Recent advances in plant molecular biological and genetic technologies have revealed the importance of the regulation of RNA metabolism, including the control of rRNA biosynthesis, pre-mRNA splicing, and miRNA-based RNA decay, in successful in vitro dedifferentiation. This review provides a brief overview of current knowledge of the roles of RNA metabolism in the dedifferentiation of plant cells in vitro. In addition, the possibility that plant-specific aspects of RNA metabolism regulation are linked closely to their high regenerative ability is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Ohtani
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan,
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49
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Ohtani M, Takebayashi A, Hiroyama R, Xu B, Kudo T, Sakakibara H, Sugiyama M, Demura T. Cell dedifferentiation and organogenesis in vitro require more snRNA than does seedling development in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Plant Res 2015; 128:371-80. [PMID: 25740809 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-015-0704-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) is a class of non-coding RNAs that processes pre-mRNA and rRNA. Transcription of abundant snRNA species is regulated by the snRNA activating protein complex (SNAPc), which is conserved among multicellular organisms including plants. SRD2, a putative subunit of SNAPc in Arabidopsis thaliana, is essential for development, and the point mutation srd2-1 causes severe defects in hypocotyl dedifferentiation and de novo meristem formation. Based on phenotypic analysis of srd2-1 mutant plants, we previously proposed that snRNA content is a limiting factor in dedifferentiation in plant cells. Here, we performed functional complementation analysis of srd2-1 using transgenic srd2-1 Arabidopsis plants harboring SRD2 homologs from Populus trichocarpa (poplar), Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), Oryza sativa (rice), the moss Physcomitrella patens, and Homo sapiens (human) under the control of the Arabidopsis SRD2 promoter. Only rice SRD2 suppressed the faulty tissue culture responses of srd2-1, and restore the snRNA levels; however, interestingly, all SRD2 homologs except poplar SRD2 rescued the srd2-1 defects in seedling development. These findings demonstrated that cell dedifferentiation and organogenesis induced during tissue culture require higher snRNA levels than does seedling development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Ohtani
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan,
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Abstract
Plant cell dedifferentiation has long attracted interest as a key process for understanding the plasticity of plant development. In early studies, typical examples of plant cell dedifferentiation were described as physiological and cytological changes associated with wound healing or regenerative development. Subsequently, plant tissue and cell culture techniques, in which exciting progress was achieved after discovery of the hormonal control of cell proliferation and organogenesis in vitro in the 1950s, have been used extensively to study dedifferentiation. The pioneer studies of plant tissue/cell culture led to the hypothesis that many mature plant cells retain totipotency and related dedifferentiation to the initial step of the expression of totipotency. Plant tissue/cell cultures have provided experimental systems not only for physiological analysis, but also for genetic and molecular biological analysis, of dedifferentiation. More recently, proteomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic analyses have been applied to the study of plant cell dedifferentiation. All of these works have expanded our knowledge of plant cell dedifferentiation, and current research is contributing to unraveling the molecular mechanisms. The present article provides a brief overview of the history of research on plant cell dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munetaka Sugiyama
- Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-7-1 Hakusan, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-0001, Japan,
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