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Beele L, Miquelestorena-Standley E, De Pinieux G. [Rare forms of dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas: About 3 cases]. Ann Pathol 2025:S0242-6498(25)00023-9. [PMID: 40011124 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2025.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2025] [Accepted: 02/08/2025] [Indexed: 02/28/2025]
Abstract
Conventional chondrosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in adults. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas represent 10 to 15% of conventional chondrosarcomas and constitute a high-grade subtype with a poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 24%. These tumors are characterized by a mutation in one of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 or 2 genes in 70% of cases. Histological diagnosis requires a biphasic morphology combining a low-grade conventional chondrosarcoma component with a high-grade non-cartilaginous sarcomatoid component. In the literature, this dedifferentiated component most often corresponds to an osteosarcoma or an undifferentiated sarcomatous component. This article describes three cases of dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas: two with bone localization and one with laryngeal cartilaginous localization presenting a rare dedifferentiation component, either epithelial or rhabdomyosarcomatous, which may pose a diagnostic challenge, particularly in micro-biopsy samples. The mechanism of dedifferentiation is still poorly understood, and the origin of the dedifferentiated component remains controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Beele
- Service anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, CHU Trousseau, avenue de la République, 37170 Chambray-lès-Tours, France
| | - Elodie Miquelestorena-Standley
- Service anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, CHU Trousseau, avenue de la République, 37170 Chambray-lès-Tours, France; Inserm U1327 ISCHEMIA « Membrane signalling and inflammation in reperfusion injuries », université de Tours, boulevard Tonnellé, 37032 Tours cedex 1, France.
| | - Gonzague De Pinieux
- Service anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, CHU Trousseau, avenue de la République, 37170 Chambray-lès-Tours, France
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El Beaino M, Hoda ST, Eldeib AJ, Masrouha K. Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma: Diagnostic Controversies and Emerging Therapeutic Targets. Curr Oncol Rep 2023; 25:1117-1126. [PMID: 37603119 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The pathogenesis of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is controversial, and no genetic abnormality has consistently been identified in the disease. Focusing on the diagnostic challenges encountered in dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, the following review aims at summarizing the tumor's active neoplastic pathways while highlighting therapeutic modalities that could potentially be explored to enhance patient survivorship. RECENT FINDINGS Owing to the challenging examination of small needle biopsy sampling as well as the disease's overlapping morphological and immunohistochemical features with other bone and soft-tissue sarcomas, the diagnosis of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma can be problematic. While combined doxorubicin- and cisplatin-based regimens remain the first-line systemic chemotherapy in the disease, ~50% of tumors carry EXT1/2 or IDH1/2 mutations, advancing EXT or IDH inhibitors as potential alternative therapies, respectively. Despite systemic chemotherapy, dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma remains an aggressive tumor with dismal prognosis and limited survival. A multidisciplinary collaboration across multiple cancer centers is warranted to yield an accurate diagnosis, understand the disease's underlying pathogenesis, develop adequate treatment, and improve patient survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc El Beaino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
- School of Public Health, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Syed T Hoda
- Department of Surgical Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ahmed J Eldeib
- Department of General Surgery, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Karim Masrouha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
Bone tumors are a rare and heterogeneous group of neoplasms that occur in the bone. The diversity and considerable morphologic overlap of bone tumors with other mesenchymal and nonmesenchymal bone lesions can complicate diagnosis. Accurate histologic diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management and prognostication. Since the publication of the fourth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of soft tissue and bone in 2013, significant advances have been made in our understanding of bone tumor molecular biology, classification, prognostication, and treatment. Detection of tumor-specific molecular alterations can facilitate the accurate diagnosis of histologically challenging cases. The fifth edition of the 2020 WHO classification of tumors of soft tissue and bone tumors provides an updated classification scheme and essential diagnostic criteria for bone tumors. Herein, we summarize these updates, focusing on major changes in each category of bone tumor, the newly described tumor entities and subtypes of existing tumor types, and newly described molecular and genetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hyuk Choi
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jae Y Ro
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, TX
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Henning A, Banks M, Korman AM, Iwenofu IH, Chung CG. GATA-3 expression in a de-differentiated chondrosarcoma with cutaneous iatrogenic implantation: a diagnostic pitfall with important clinical implications. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 48:932-936. [PMID: 33655510 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
De-differentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS) is an extremely aggressive tumor of the bone characterized by a high-grade, non-chondroid sarcoma adjacent to a low- or intermediate-grade chondrosarcoma. Adequate tumor sampling demonstrating the biphasic features is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis. The diagnosis may be challenging as histopathology may mimic other neoplasms. We present a case of a 76-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer who presented with a pathologic non-displaced fracture. A bone biopsy demonstrated a high-grade neoplasm composed of pleomorphic spindled and epithelioid cells with focal expression of AE1/3 and GATA3, most likely consistent with metastatic breast carcinoma. After a difficult clinical course, the tumor was resected demonstrating a similar morphology to her prior biopsy, as well as an area of a low-grade cartilaginous neoplasm consistent with chondrosarcoma. The biphasic tumor alongside a low-grade chondrosarcoma allowed for a diagnosis of DDCS. Several days after her procedure, the patient developed violaceous nodules overlying and surrounding the surgical site. Skin biopsy demonstrated a malignant epithelioid neoplasm with identical histomorphologic features identical to her prior bone resection. Given the location of the skin lesions directly within the surgical site right after resection, the clinical-pathological picture was that of sarcomatosis cutis by iatrogenic cutaneous implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ania Henning
- Department of Pathology, Summa Health System, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Mackenzie Banks
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Abraham M Korman
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - I Hans Iwenofu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Catherine G Chung
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Liu B, Song X, Yan Z, Yang H, Shi Y, Wu J. MicroRNA-525 enhances chondrosarcoma malignancy by targeting F-spondin 1. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:781-788. [PMID: 30655830 PMCID: PMC6313007 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs; miRs) are extensively involved in the progression of chondrosarcoma (CHS). However, few studies have investigated the functional role of miR-525 in CHS tissues and cells. In the present study, it was discovered that miR-525 levels were decreased in CHS tissues and cells. Dual luciferase assays indicated that F-spondin 1 (SPON1) is a target gene of microRNA (miR)-525. In addition, miR-525 overexpression suppressed SW1353 cell migration and invasion and enhanced SW1353 cell apoptosis. Increased SPON1 expression levels were identified in CHS tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, miR-525 overexpression significantly suppressed the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/Src/phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling in CHS cells; this suppression led to SPON1 silencing. In comparison, the SPON1 knockdown-mediated inactivation of FAK/Src/PI3K/Akt signaling was inhibited by inhibiting miR-525. In summary, the present study revealed that decreased miR-525 levels could enhance CHS malignancy as decreased miR-525 binding to the 3' untranslated region of SPON1 activates FAK/Src/PI3K/Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Orthopedics Department Two, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Xiandong Song
- Orthopedics Department Two, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Zhaowei Yan
- Orthopedics Department Two, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Yingchao Shi
- Department of Digestive Disease, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Jintao Wu
- Orthopedics Department Two, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
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