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Ríos-Hoyo A, Cobain E, Huppert LA, Beitsch PD, Buchholz TA, Esserman L, van 't Veer LJ, Rugo HS, Pusztai L. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy for Estrogen Receptor-Positive Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2-Negative Breast Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2024:JCO2302614. [PMID: 38593393 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.02614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura A Huppert
- University of California San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - Laura Esserman
- University of California San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Laura J van 't Veer
- University of California San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Hope S Rugo
- University of California San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lajos Pusztai
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Lopes Cardozo JMN, Veira SE, Ait Hassou L, Uwimana AL, Božović-Spasojević I, Bogaerts J, Cardoso F, Schmidt MK, Rutgers EJT, Poncet C, Drukker CA. Agreement on risk assessment and chemotherapy recommendations among breast cancer specialists: A survey within the MINDACT cohort. Breast 2023; 71:143-149. [PMID: 37225592 PMCID: PMC10512092 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tailored recommendation for adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients is of great importance. This survey assessed agreement among oncologists on risk assessment and chemotherapy recommendation, the impact of adding the 70-gene signature to clinical-pathological characteristics, and changes over time. METHODS A survey consisting of 37 discordant patient cases from the MINDACT trial (T1-3N0-1M0) was sent to European breast cancer specialists for assessment of risk (high or low) and chemotherapy administration (yes or no). In 2015 the survey was sent twice (survey 1 and 2), several weeks apart, and in 2021 a third time (survey 3). Only the second and third surveys included the 70-gene signature result. RESULTS 41 breast cancer specialists participated in all three surveys. Overall agreement between respondents decreased slightly between survey 1 and 2, but increased again in survey 3. Over time there was an increase in agreement with the 70-gene signature result on risk assessment, 23% in survey 2 versus 1 and 11% in survey 3 versus 2. With information available indicating a low risk 70-gene signature (n = 25 cases), 20% of risk assessments changed from high to low and 19% of recommendations changed from yes to no chemotherapy in survey 2 versus 1, further increasing with 18% and 21%, respectively, in survey 3 versus 2. CONCLUSION There is a variability in risk assessment of early breast cancer patients among breast cancer specialists. The 70-gene signature provided valuable information, resulting in fewer patients being assessed as high risk and fewer recommendations for chemotherapy, increasing over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine M N Lopes Cardozo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands; European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 83/11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sherylene E Veira
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laila Ait Hassou
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 83/11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aimé Lambert Uwimana
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 83/11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Jan Bogaerts
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 83/11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fatima Cardoso
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Center/Champalimaud Foundation, Av. Brasília, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Emiel J T Rutgers
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Coralie Poncet
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 83/11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline A Drukker
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Abstract
Although adjuvant breast radiotherapy has long been a universal component of breast conservation therapy (BCT), it is now clear that "breast cancer" is a broad class of many disparate diseases with varying natural histories and risk profiles. In turn, some breast conservation patients enjoy exceedingly favorable outcomes following surgery alone. Ongoing trials seek to identify such low-risk patient populations, hypothesizing that some may safely forego radiotherapy. Whereas prior-generation trials focused on clinicopathologic features for risk stratification, contemporary studies are employing molecular biomarkers to identify those patients who are unlikely to benefit significantly from radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Z Braunstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 22, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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4
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Jensen MB, Pedersen CB, Misiakou MA, Talman MLM, Gibson L, Tange UB, Kledal H, Vejborg I, Kroman N, Nielsen FC, Ejlertsen B, Rossing M. Multigene profiles to guide the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: a Copenhagen Breast Cancer Genomics Study. NPJ Breast Cancer 2023; 9:47. [PMID: 37258527 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-023-00551-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression guide the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in patients with early breast cancer. We evaluate the independent predictive value of adding a multigene profile (CIT256 and PAM50) to immunohistochemical (IHC) profile regarding pathological complete response (pCR) and conversion of positive to negative axillary lymph node status. The cohort includes 458 patients who had genomic profiling performed as standard of care. Using logistic regression, higher pCR and node conversion rates among patients with Non-luminal subtypes are shown, and importantly the predictive value is independent of IHC profile. In patients with ER-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer an odds ratio of 9.78 (95% CI 2.60;36.8), P < 0.001 is found for pCR among CIT256 Non-luminal vs. Luminal subtypes. The results suggest a role for integrated use of up-front multigene subtyping for selection of a neoadjuvant approach in ER-positive HER2-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-B Jensen
- Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - C B Pedersen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Bioinformatics, DTU Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M-A Misiakou
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M-L M Talman
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Gibson
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - U B Tange
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Kledal
- Department of Breast Examinations, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev-Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I Vejborg
- Department of Breast Examinations, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev-Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Kroman
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F C Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Ejlertsen
- Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Rossing
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Curigliano G, Cardoso F, Gnant M, Harbeck N, King J, Laenkholm AV, Penault-Llorca F, Prat A. PROCURE European consensus on breast cancer multigene signatures in early breast cancer management. NPJ Breast Cancer 2023; 9:8. [PMID: 36828834 PMCID: PMC9951144 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-023-00510-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer multigene signatures (BCMS) have changed how patients with early-stage breast cancer (eBC) are managed, as they provide prognostic information and can be used to select patients who may avoid adjuvant chemotherapy. Clinical guidelines make recommendations on the use of BCMS; however, little is known on the current use of BCMS in clinical practice. We conduct a two-round Delphi survey to enquire about current use and perceived utility for specific patient profiles, and unmet needs of BCMS. Overall, 133 panellists experienced in breast cancer across 11 European countries have participated, most using BCMS either routinely (66.2%) or in selected cases (27.1%). Our results show that BCMS are mainly used to assess the risk of recurrence and to select patients for adjuvant chemotherapy; notably, no consensus has been reached on the lack of utility of BCMS for selecting the type of chemotherapy to administer. Also, there are discrepancies between the recommended and current use of BCMS in clinical practice, with use in certain patient profiles for which there is no supporting evidence. Our study suggests that physician education initiatives are needed to ensure the correct use and interpretation of BCMS to, ultimately, improve management of patients with eBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Curigliano
- European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Fatima Cardoso
- grid.421010.60000 0004 0453 9636Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre/Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michael Gnant
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadia Harbeck
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Breast Center, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Judy King
- grid.437485.90000 0001 0439 3380Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- grid.494717.80000000115480420Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Jean Perrin, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 1240 INSERM-UCA, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Aleix Prat
- grid.10403.360000000091771775Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Qing T, Karn T, Rozenblit M, Foldi J, Marczyk M, Shan NL, Blenman K, Holtrich U, Kalinsky K, Meric-Bernstam F, Pusztai L. Molecular differences between younger versus older ER-positive and HER2-negative breast cancers. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:119. [PMID: 36344517 PMCID: PMC9640562 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The RxPONDER and TAILORx trials demonstrated benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in patients age ≤ 50 with node-positive breast cancer and Recurrence Score (RS) 0-26, and in node-negative disease with RS 16-25, respectively, but no benefit in older women with the same clinical features. We analyzed transcriptomic and genomic data of ER+/HER2- breast cancers with in silico RS < 26 from TCGA (n = 530), two microarray cohorts (A: n = 865; B: n = 609), the METABRIC (n = 867), and the SCAN-B (n = 1636) datasets. There was no difference in proliferation-related gene expression between age groups. Older patients had higher mutation burden and more frequent ESR1 copy number gain, but lower frequency of GATA3 mutations. Younger patients had higher rate of ESR1 copy number loss. In all datasets, younger patients had significantly lower mRNA expression of ESR1 and ER-associated genes, and higher expression of immune-related genes. The ER- and immune-related gene signatures showed negative correlation and defined three subpopulations in younger women: immune-high/ER-low, immune-intermediate/ER-intermediate, and immune-low/ER-intermediate. We hypothesize that in immune-high cancers, the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy may drive the benefit, whereas in immune-low/ER-intermediate cancers chemotherapy induced ovarian suppression may play important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Qing
- Breast Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas Karn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mariya Rozenblit
- Breast Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia Foldi
- Breast Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michal Marczyk
- Breast Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Naing Lin Shan
- Breast Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kim Blenman
- Breast Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Uwe Holtrich
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kevin Kalinsky
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lajos Pusztai
- Breast Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Paluch-Shimon S, Cardoso F, Partridge AH, Abulkhair O, Azim HA, Bianchi-Micheli G, Cardoso MJ, Curigliano G, Gelmon KA, Gentilini O, Harbeck N, Kaufman B, Kim SB, Liu Q, Merschdorf J, Poortmans P, Pruneri G, Senkus E, Sirohi B, Spanic T, Sulosaari V, Peccatori F, Pagani O. ESO-ESMO fifth international consensus guidelines for breast cancer in young women (BCY5). Ann Oncol 2022; 33:1097-1118. [PMID: 35934170 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We dedicate this manuscript in memory of a dear friend and colleague Bella Kaufman. The fifth International Consensus Symposium for Breast Cancer in Young Women (BCY5) took place virtually in October 2020, organized by the European School of Oncology (ESO) and the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO). Consensus recommendations for the management of breast cancer in young women were updated from BCY4 with incorporation of new evidence to inform the guidelines. Areas of research priorities as well as specificities in different geographic and minority populations were identified. This manuscript summarizes the ESO-ESMO international consensus recommendations, which are also endorsed by the European Society of Breast Specialists (EUSOMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Paluch-Shimon
- Hadassah University Hospital & Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - F Cardoso
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre/Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - O Abulkhair
- King Abdulaziz Medical City for National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H A Azim
- Breast Cancer Center, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza Garcia, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | - M J Cardoso
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre/Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - G Curigliano
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - K A Gelmon
- British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - N Harbeck
- Breast Center, Department of OB&GYN and CCCMunich, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - B Kaufman
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - S B Kim
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Q Liu
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - P Poortmans
- Iridium Netwerk, Department of Radiation Oncology & University of Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - G Pruneri
- National Cancer Institute, IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - E Senkus
- Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - B Sirohi
- Max Institute of Cancer Care, New Delhi and Gurgaon, India
| | - T Spanic
- Europa Donna Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - V Sulosaari
- European Oncology Nursing Society (EONS) and Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland
| | - F Peccatori
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan; European Institute of Oncology IRCCS & European School of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - O Pagani
- Interdisciplinary Cancer Service Hospital Riviera-Chablais Rennaz, Vaud, Geneva University Hospitals, Lugano University, Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), Lugano, Switzerland
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Li S, Shi L, Li F, Yao B, Chang L, Lu H, Song D. Establishment of a Novel Combined Nomogram for Predicting the Risk of Progression Related to Castration Resistance in Patients With Prostate Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:823716. [PMID: 35620461 PMCID: PMC9127235 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.823716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The emergence of castration resistance is fatal for patients with prostate cancer (PCa); however, there is still a lack of effective means to detect the early progression. In this study, a novel combined nomogram was established to predict the risk of progression related to castration resistance. Methods: The castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by R packages “limma” and “WGCNA” in GSE35988-GPL6480 and GSE70768-GPL10558, respectively. Relationships between DEGs and progression-free interval (PFI) were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method in TCGA PCa patients. A multigene signature was built by lasso-penalized Cox regression analysis, and assessed by the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and Kaplan–Meier curve. Finally, the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to establish a combined nomogram. The prognostic value of the nomogram was validated by concordance index (C-index), calibration plots, ROC curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: 15 CRPC-related DEGs were identified finally, of which 13 genes were significantly associated with PFI and used as the candidate genes for modeling. A two-gene (KIFC2 and BCAS1) signature was built to predict the risk of progression. The ROC curve indicated that 5-year area under curve (AUC) in the training, testing, and whole TCGA dataset was 0.722, 0.739, and 0.731, respectively. Patients with high-risk scores were significantly associated with poorer PFI (p < 0.0001). A novel combined nomogram was successfully established for individualized prediction integrating with T stage, Gleason score, and risk score. While the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year AUC were 0.76, 0.761, and 0.762, respectively, the good prognostic value of the nomogram was also validated by the C-index (0.734), calibration plots, and DCA. Conclusion: The combined nomogram can be used to predict the individualized risk of progression related to castration resistance for PCa patients and has been preliminarily verified to have good predictive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiang Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bing Yao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liansheng Chang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Lu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongkui Song
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Munkácsy G, Santarpia L, Győrffy B. Gene Expression Profiling in Early Breast Cancer-Patient Stratification Based on Molecular and Tumor Microenvironment Features. Biomedicines 2022; 10:248. [PMID: 35203458 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with early-stage hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) breast cancer (BC) are typically treated with surgery, followed by adjuvant systemic endocrine therapy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Current guidelines regarding the use of adjuvant systemic therapy depend on clinical and pathological factors, such as the morphological assessment of tumor subtype; histological grade; tumor size; lymphovascular invasion; and lymph node status combined with estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 biomarker profiles assessed using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Additionally, the prognostic and predictive value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and their composition is emerging as a key marker in triple negative (TNBC) and HER2-enriched molecular breast tumor subtypes. However, all these factors do not necessarily reflect the molecular heterogeneity and complexity of breast cancer. In the last two decades, gene expression signatures or profiling (GEP) tests have been developed to predict the risk of disease recurrence and estimate the potential benefit of receiving adjuvant systemic chemotherapy in patients with luminal breast cancer. GEPs have been utilized to help physicians to refine decision-making process, complementing clinicopathological parameters, and can now be used to classify the risk of recurrence and tailoring personalized treatments. Several clinical trials using GEPs validate the increasing value of such assays in different clinical settings, addressing relevant clinical endpoints. Finally, the recent approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors in TNBC and the increasing use of immunotherapy in different molecular BC populations highlight the opportunity to refine current GEPs by including a variety of immune-related genes that may help to improve predicting drug response and finetune prognosis.
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Lopes Cardozo JMN, Drukker CA, Rutgers EJT, Schmidt MK, Glas AM, Witteveen A, Cardoso F, Piccart M, Esserman LJ, Poncet C, van 't Veer LJ. Outcome of Patients With an Ultralow-Risk 70-Gene Signature in the MINDACT Trial. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:1335-1345. [PMID: 35061525 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with 70-gene signature ultralow-risk breast cancers have shown excellent survival in historic cohorts, including randomized trials. The ultralow-risk subgroup was characterized to help avoid overtreatment. We evaluated outcomes of ultralow-risk patients in the largest cohort to date. METHODS Of the 6,693 patients enrolled in the EORTC-10041/BIG-3-04 randomized phase III MINDACT trial, profiling revealed an ultralow-risk 70-gene signature in 1,000 patients (15%). Distant metastasis-free interval (DMFI) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were assessed in patients stratified by 70-gene signature result (high, low, and ultralow) by Kaplan-Meier analysis and hazard ratios with 95% CI from Cox regression. RESULTS Median follow-up was 8.7 years. Of the ultralow-risk patients (n = 1,000), 67% were > 50 years, 81% had tumors ≤ 2 cm, 80% were lymph node-negative, 96% had grade 1 or 2 tumors, and 99% were estrogen receptor (ER)-positive. Systemic therapy was received by 84% of patients (69% endocrine therapy, 14% endocrine therapy plus chemotherapy, 1% other) and 16% received no adjuvant systemic treatment. The 8-year DMFI for ultralow-risk patients was 97.0% (95% CI, 95.8 to 98.1), which was 2.5% higher than for patients with low-risk tumors (n = 3,295, 94.5% [95% CI, 93.6 to 95.3]). The hazard ratio for DMFI was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.45 to 0.94) for ultralow versus low risk, after adjusting for clinical-pathologic and treatment characteristics. The 8-year BCSS for ultralow-risk patients was 99.6% (95% CI, 99.1 to 100). CONCLUSION Patients with an ultralow-risk 70-gene signature have the best prognosis, distinctive from low risk, with 8-year BCSS above 99%, and very few patients developed distant metastases with an 8-year DMFI rate of 97%. These patients could be candidates for further de-escalation of treatment, to avoid overtreatment and the risk of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine M N Lopes Cardozo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline A Drukker
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emiel J T Rutgers
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Fatima Cardoso
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Center/Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Martine Piccart
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura J Esserman
- Department of Surgery, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Coralie Poncet
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura J van 't Veer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
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11
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Griguolo G, Bottosso M, Vernaci G, Miglietta F, Dieci MV, Guarneri V. Gene-expression signatures to inform neoadjuvant treatment decision in HR+/HER2- breast cancer: Available evidence and clinical implications. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 102:102323. [PMID: 34896969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, the indication for chemotherapy use in HR+/HER2- early BC has been significantly modified by the introduction of gene-expression profiling. In the adjuvant setting, several gene-expression signatures have been validated to discriminate early stage HR+/HER2- BC with different prognosis and to identify patients for which adjuvant chemotherapy can be spared. Considering their ability to optimize the choice of adjuvant treatment and the increasing use of neoadjuvant approach in early BC, the potential use of gene-expression signatures to discriminate patients to be candidate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy or endocrine treatment appears particularly appealing. Indeed, the San Gallen Consensus Conference panel recently endorsed the use of genomic assays on core biopsies as a potential strategy for choosing the type of neoadjuvant treatment (chemotherapy or endocrine therapy) in selected patients. In this context, we here review evidence supporting the use of most common commercially available gene-expression signatures (Oncotype DX, MammaPrint, PAM50, EndoPredict and Breast Cancer Index) in patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy for HR+/HER2- BC. Data on the association of gene expression signatures and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy or neoadjuvant endocrine therapy will be reviewed and the clinical implications of this data to guide the clinical decision-making process in early HR+/HER2- BC will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Griguolo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Division of Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Bottosso
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Grazia Vernaci
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Division of Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Miglietta
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Dieci
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Division of Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy.
| | - Valentina Guarneri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Division of Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy
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Salgado R, Peg V, Rüschoff J, Vincent-Salomon A, Castellano I, Perner S, Van de Vijver K, Quinn CM, Varga Z. Gene expression signatures for tailoring adjuvant chemotherapy of luminal breast cancer: the pathologists' perspective. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:1316-1321. [PMID: 34461263 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Salgado
- Department of Pathology, GZA-ZNA Hospitals, Antwerp, Belgium; Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - V Peg
- Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology, Vall D'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Rüschoff
- Targos Molecular Pathology GmbH and Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Kassel, Germany
| | - A Vincent-Salomon
- Department of Pathology and Department of Diagnostic and Theranostic Medicine, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - I Castellano
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - S Perner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - K Van de Vijver
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C M Quinn
- Department of Pathology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Z Varga
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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