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Liu H, Liang J, Zhong K, Zhou Q, Yuan D. Development of 4πβ(LS)-γ digital coincidence counting system at NIM. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 188:110398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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2
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Agusbudiman A, Lee KB, Lee JM, Hwang SH, Kim BJ. Development of FPGA-based coincidence module for TDCR counting system. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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3
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FPGA embedded multichannel analyzer. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 141:282-287. [PMID: 30029828 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An multichannel analyzer has been designed, and its performance has been evaluated. The multichannel analyzer is embedded into a Field programmable gate array. The design incudes the virtual instrument in order to hand and to visualize the pulse height spectrum. Two commercially available multichannel analyzers using a NaI(Tl) and HPGe detectors were used to obtain the pulse height spectra of 137Cs, 60Co and 152Eu sources and were compared with the pulse height spectra obtained with the embedded multichannel analyzer, being alike the spectra obtained with the commercial multichannel analyzer. Our design is smaller, low cost and it has options to add other features.
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McNelles P, Lu L. Design of a Tritium-In-Air Monitor Using Field-Programmable Gate Arrays. JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND RADIATION SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4033088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have recently garnered significant interest for certain applications within the nuclear field including instrumentation and control (I&C) systems, pulse measurement systems, particle detectors, and health physics. In CANada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) nuclear power plants, the use of heavy water (D2O) as the moderator leads to increased production of tritium, which poses a health risk and must be monitored by tritium-in-air monitors (TAMs). Traditional TAMs are mostly designed using microprocessors. More recent studies show that FPGAs could be a potential alternative to implement the electronic logic used in radiation detectors, such as the TAM, more effectively. In this paper, an FPGA-based TAM is designed and constructed in a laboratory setting using an FPGA-based cRIO system. New functionalities, such as the detection of carbon-14 and the addition of noble-gas compensation, are incorporated into a new FPGA-based TAM along with the standard functions included in the original microprocessor-based TAM. The effectiveness of the new design is demonstrated through simulations as well as laboratory testing on the prototype system. Potential issues caused by radiation interactions with the FPGA are beyond the scope of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip McNelles
- Mem. ASME University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON L1H 7K4, Canada e-mail:
| | - Lixuan Lu
- University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON L1H 7K4, Canada
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5
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Bobin C, Bichler O, Lourenço V, Thiam C, Thévenin M. Real-time radionuclide identification in γ-emitter mixtures based on spiking neural network. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 109:405-409. [PMID: 26706284 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Portal radiation monitors dedicated to the prevention of illegal traffic of nuclear materials at international borders need to deliver as fast as possible a radionuclide identification of a potential radiological threat. Spectrometry techniques applied to identify the radionuclides contributing to γ-emitter mixtures are usually performed using off-line spectrum analysis. As an alternative to these usual methods, a real-time processing based on an artificial neural network and Bayes' rule is proposed for fast radionuclide identification. The validation of this real-time approach was carried out using γ-emitter spectra ((241)Am, (133)Ba, (207)Bi, (60)Co, (137)Cs) obtained with a high-efficiency well-type NaI(Tl). The first tests showed that the proposed algorithm enables a fast identification of each γ-emitting radionuclide using the information given by the whole spectrum. Based on an iterative process, the on-line analysis only needs low-statistics spectra without energy calibration to identify the nature of a radiological threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bobin
- CEA, LIST, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - O Bichler
- CEA, LIST, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - V Lourenço
- CEA, LIST, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C Thiam
- CEA, LIST, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Thévenin
- CEA, LIST, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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Caro Marroyo B, Martín Sánchez A, Jurado Vargas M. Improvements to alpha-particle spectrometry techniques. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 87:328-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Halter E, Thiam C, Bobin C, Bouchard J, Chambellan D, Chauvenet B, Hamel M, Rocha L, Trocmé M, Woo R. First TDCR measurements at low energies using a miniature x-ray tube. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 93:7-12. [PMID: 24685767 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Developed for radionuclide standardization using liquid scintillation, the Triple to Double Coincidence Ratio (TDCR) method is applied using coincidence counting obtained with a specific three-photomultiplier system. For activity determination, a statistical model of light emission is classically used to establish a relation between the detection efficiency and the experimental TDCR value. At LNE-LNHB, a stochastic approach of the TDCR modeling was developed using the Monte Carlo code Geant4. The interest of this TDCR-Geant4 model is the possibility to simulate the propagation of optical photons from their creation in the scintillation vial to the production of photoelectrons in photomultipliers. As an alternative to the use of radionuclide sources, first TDCR measurements are presented using a miniature x-ray tube closely coupled to the scintillation vial. The objective of this new set-up was to enable low-energy depositions (lower than 20 keV) in liquid scintillator in order to study the influence of both time and geometrical dependence between PMTs already observed with radioactive sources. As for the statistical TDCR model, the non-linearity of light emission is implemented in the TDCR-Geant4 model using the Birks formula which depends on the kB factor and the scintillation yield. Measurements performed with the x-ray tube are extended to the assessment of these parameters and they are tested afterwards in the TDCR-Geant4 model for activity measurements of (3)H.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Halter
- CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France; CEA, List, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C Thiam
- CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C Bobin
- CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - J Bouchard
- CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D Chambellan
- CEA, List, Laboratoire Images, Tomographie et Traitements, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - B Chauvenet
- CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Hamel
- CEA, List, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - L Rocha
- CEA, List, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Trocmé
- CEA, List, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - R Woo
- CEA, List, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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Capogni M, De Felice P. A prototype of a portable TDCR system at ENEA. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 93:45-51. [PMID: 24709003 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A prototype of a portable liquid scintillation counting system based on the Triple-to-Double Coincidence Ratio (TDCR) technique was developed at ENEA-INMRI in the framework of the European Metrofission project. The new device equipped with the CAEN digitizers was tested for the activity measurements of pure β-emitters ((99)Tc and (63)Ni). The list-mode data recorded by the digitizers were analyzed by software implemented in the CERN ROOT environment, which allows the application of pulse shape discrimination using the new device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Capogni
- ENEA, Istituto Nazionale di Metrologia delle Radiazioni Ionizzanti (INMRI), C.R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301, I-00123 Rome, Italy.
| | - Pierino De Felice
- ENEA, Istituto Nazionale di Metrologia delle Radiazioni Ionizzanti (INMRI), C.R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301, I-00123 Rome, Italy
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9
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Bobin C, Bouchard J, Thiam C, Ménesguen Y. Digital pulse processing and optimization of the front-end electronics for nuclear instrumentation. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 87:195-9. [PMID: 24326314 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article describes an algorithm developed for the digital processing of signals provided by a high-efficiency well-type NaI(Tl) detector used to apply the 4πγ technique. In order to achieve a low-energy threshold, a new front-end electronics has been specifically designed to optimize the coupling to an analog-to-digital converter (14 bit, 125 MHz) connected to a digital development kit produced by Altera(®). The digital pulse processing is based on an IIR (Infinite Impulse Response) approximation of the Gaussian filter (and its derivatives) that can be applied to the real-time processing of digitized signals. Based on measurements obtained with the photon emissions generated by an (241)Am source, the energy threshold is estimated to be equal to ~2 keV corresponding to the physical threshold of the NaI(Tl) detector. An algorithm developed for a Silicon Drift Detector used for low-energy x-ray spectrometry is also described. In that case, the digital pulse processing is specifically designed for signals provided by a reset-type preamplifier ((55)Fe source).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bobin
- CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - J Bouchard
- CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C Thiam
- CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Y Ménesguen
- CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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Capogni M, Antohe A. Construction and implementation of a TDCR system at ENEA. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 87:260-4. [PMID: 24321493 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A new 4π (LS) TDCR system was built at ENEA-INMRI. Three photomultiplier tubes, arranged in a planar 120° geometry around a spherical optical chamber, were directly linked to a CAEN Desktop Digitizer DT5720. This module, based on the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology for real time Digital Pulse Processing (DPP), allowed to replace all the classical TDCR electronics by only one device. The activity of (3)H and (63)Ni standard sources were successfully measured by the new detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Capogni
- ENEA-Istituto Nazionale di Metrologia delle Radiazioni Ionizzanti (INMRI), C.R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301, I-00123 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrei Antohe
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, IFIN-HH Bucharest, 30 Reactorului Str. Magurele, jud. Ilfov, POB MG-6, RO 0-77125, Romania
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