1
|
Sahagia M. Herceg-Novi summer school, the starting point in the history of the International Committee for Radionuclide Metrology. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 203:111097. [PMID: 37949014 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents some of the most important points connected with the 1972 Herceg-Novi Radionuclide Metrology Summer School and its impact on the forthcoming evolution of the field. Topics of the conference, the state of the art at that time and recommendations for future developments as published in the journal Nuclear Instruments and Methods (Nim, 1973) are discussed. People and places, how a young participant perceived them then and remembers today, and the Romanian Laboratory of Radionuclide Metrology and its participation in ICRM activities are briefly presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sahagia
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, IFIN-HH, Bucharest, 30 Reactorului St. Mãgurele, Ilfov County, POB MG-6, RO, 077125, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van Wyngaardt WM, Bowan AHH, Clark EL, Keevers CMB, Smith ML, Zarifi M, Stopic A. Cross-validation of standardisation techniques at ANSTO using cobalt-60 and learnings from the presence and identification of non-gamma-ray emitting impurities. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 201:111027. [PMID: 37748217 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
To fulfil the technical requirements for accreditation to ISO/IEC 17025, the end-to-end validation of all processes associated with standardising 60Co, including gravimetric source dispensing, primary standardisation by the 4π(LS)β-γ coincidence and live-timed anti-coincidence extrapolation techniques, and impurity determination were performed and documented. Pure-beta-emitting impurities in a 60Co stock solution were identified. The impact of such impurities on measurement by liquid scintillation counting and comparison in the ESIR are discussed. A fresh 60Co source was produced, standardised, and compared using the SIR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W M van Wyngaardt
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, 2234 NSW, Australia.
| | - A H H Bowan
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, 2234 NSW, Australia
| | - E L Clark
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, 2234 NSW, Australia
| | - C M B Keevers
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, 2234 NSW, Australia
| | - M L Smith
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, 2234 NSW, Australia
| | - M Zarifi
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, 2234 NSW, Australia
| | - A Stopic
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, 2234 NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Coulon R, Leobino da Silva MA, Bendall E, Bergeron DE, Bobin C, Bonková I, Bowan AHH, Ryszard B, Capogni M, Capone M, Carconi P, Cassette P, Jeffrey TC, Clark EL, Collins S, Courte S, Czudek M, da Silva CJ, de Almeida Rangel J, De Felice P, Fan F, Fazio A, Fitzgerald RP, Fréchou C, Galea R, Gressier V, Iwahara A, Judge SM, Keevers CMB, Keightley J, Kossert K, Krivošík M, Kulkarni DB, Laureano-Perez L, Lech E, Leiras A, Liang J, Lima da Cruz PA, Lins da Silva R, Listkowska A, Liu H, Liu M, Lubbe J, Michotte C, Moore K, Nähle O, Nonis M, Pearce A, Pibida L, Quadros ALL, Ramirez N, Ravindra A, Sabot B, Saganowski P, Sathian V, Smith ML, Sharma R, Takács MP, van Rooy MW, Shearman R, van Staden MJ, van Wyngaardt WM, Yang Z, Zarifi M, Zhang M, Ziemek T. The international reference system for beta-particle emitting radionuclides: Validation through the pilot study CCRI(II)-P1.Co-60. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 200:110945. [PMID: 37515859 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) is developing a new transfer instrument to extend its centralized services for assessing the international equivalence of radioactive standards to new radionuclides. A liquid scintillation counter using the triple/double coincidence ratio method is being studied and tested in the CCRI(II)-P1.Co-60 pilot study. The pilot study, involving 13 participating laboratories with primary calibration capabilities, validated the approach against the original international reference system based on ionization chambers, which has been in operation since 1976. The results are in agreement and an accuracy suitable for purpose, below 5×10-4, is achieved. The pilot study also reveals an issue when impurities emitting low-energy electrons are present in the standard solution, which have a different impact on liquid scintillation counting compared to other primary measurement methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Coulon
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312, Sèvres Cedex, France.
| | - Monica Aguiar Leobino da Silva
- Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, LNMRI/IRD, Av. Salvador Allende, 3773, CEP 22783-127, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Emma Bendall
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road Middlesex, TW11 0LW, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Denis E Bergeron
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Christophe Bobin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), F-91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Ivana Bonková
- Slovenský Metrologický ústav, Karloveská 63, 842 55, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Angus H H Bowan
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Australia
| | - Broda Ryszard
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - Marco Capogni
- ENEA-Italian National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology, Via Anguillarese - 301, I-00123, Roma, (IT), Italy
| | - Mauro Capone
- ENEA-Italian National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology, Via Anguillarese - 301, I-00123, Roma, (IT), Italy
| | - Pierluigi Carconi
- ENEA-Italian National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology, Via Anguillarese - 301, I-00123, Roma, (IT), Italy
| | - Philippe Cassette
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), F-91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - T Cessna Jeffrey
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Emily L Clark
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Australia
| | - Sean Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road Middlesex, TW11 0LW, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Sammy Courte
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312, Sèvres Cedex, France
| | - Marek Czudek
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - Carlos José da Silva
- Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, LNMRI/IRD, Av. Salvador Allende, 3773, CEP 22783-127, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Johnny de Almeida Rangel
- Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, LNMRI/IRD, Av. Salvador Allende, 3773, CEP 22783-127, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pierino De Felice
- ENEA-Italian National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology, Via Anguillarese - 301, I-00123, Roma, (IT), Italy
| | - Fuyou Fan
- National Institute of Metrology (NIM), 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Aldo Fazio
- ENEA-Italian National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology, Via Anguillarese - 301, I-00123, Roma, (IT), Italy
| | - Ryan P Fitzgerald
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Carole Fréchou
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), F-91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Raphael Galea
- National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A0R6, Canada
| | - Vincent Gressier
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312, Sèvres Cedex, France
| | - Akira Iwahara
- Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, LNMRI/IRD, Av. Salvador Allende, 3773, CEP 22783-127, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Steven M Judge
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312, Sèvres Cedex, France
| | | | - John Keightley
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road Middlesex, TW11 0LW, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Karsten Kossert
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matej Krivošík
- Slovenský Metrologický ústav, Karloveská 63, 842 55, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Lizbeth Laureano-Perez
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Edyta Lech
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - Anderson Leiras
- Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, LNMRI/IRD, Av. Salvador Allende, 3773, CEP 22783-127, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juncheng Liang
- National Institute of Metrology (NIM), 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Paulo Alberto Lima da Cruz
- Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, LNMRI/IRD, Av. Salvador Allende, 3773, CEP 22783-127, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Lins da Silva
- Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, LNMRI/IRD, Av. Salvador Allende, 3773, CEP 22783-127, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anna Listkowska
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - Haoran Liu
- National Institute of Metrology (NIM), 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- National Institute of Metrology (NIM), 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Joline Lubbe
- National Metrology Institute of South Africa, 15 Lower Hope Road, Rosebank, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Carine Michotte
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312, Sèvres Cedex, France
| | - Kimberly Moore
- National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A0R6, Canada
| | - Ole Nähle
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manuel Nonis
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312, Sèvres Cedex, France
| | - Andy Pearce
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road Middlesex, TW11 0LW, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Leticia Pibida
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - André L L Quadros
- Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, LNMRI/IRD, Av. Salvador Allende, 3773, CEP 22783-127, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natasha Ramirez
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road Middlesex, TW11 0LW, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | | | - Benoit Sabot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), F-91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Paweł Saganowski
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - V Sathian
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Michael L Smith
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Australia
| | - Ritu Sharma
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Marcell P Takács
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Milton W van Rooy
- National Metrology Institute of South Africa, 15 Lower Hope Road, Rosebank, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Robert Shearman
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road Middlesex, TW11 0LW, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J van Staden
- National Metrology Institute of South Africa, 15 Lower Hope Road, Rosebank, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | | | - Zhijie Yang
- National Institute of Metrology (NIM), 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Melek Zarifi
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Australia
| | - Ming Zhang
- National Institute of Metrology (NIM), 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Tomasz Ziemek
- National Centre for Nuclear Research Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kellett MA, Vio L, Bobin C, Brondeau L, Cardot-Martin M, Isnard H, Lacour D, Lépy MC, Lourenço V, Marie M, Thiam C. Measurement of the absolute gamma-ray emission intensities from the decay of 147Nd. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 166:109349. [PMID: 32818806 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The 2011 Decay Data Evaluation Project (DDEP) evaluation for 147Nd includes recommended absolute emission intensities for the two main gamma-rays at 91.105 (2) keV and 531.016 (22) keV of 0.284 (18) and 0.127 (9) respectively, i.e. with uncertainties of 6.3% and 7.1%. These large uncertainties stem from inconsistencies in the published data and are unfit for modern purposes, since the production of 147Nd is used as an important neutron flux dosimeter. The LNE-LNHB has undertaken new absolute gamma-ray emission intensity measurements. The results of these measurements will be presented, along with a full uncertainty budget, and their effect on the recommended data uncertainties will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Kellett
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), Bât. 602 PC111, CEA-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - L Vio
- CEA, DEN, Laboratoire de développement Analytique Nucléaire Isotopique et Elémentaire (LANIE), Bât. 391 PC33, CEA-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C Bobin
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), Bât. 602 PC111, CEA-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - L Brondeau
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), Bât. 602 PC111, CEA-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Cardot-Martin
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), Bât. 602 PC111, CEA-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - H Isnard
- CEA, DEN, Laboratoire de développement Analytique Nucléaire Isotopique et Elémentaire (LANIE), Bât. 391 PC33, CEA-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D Lacour
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), Bât. 602 PC111, CEA-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M-C Lépy
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), Bât. 602 PC111, CEA-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - V Lourenço
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), Bât. 602 PC111, CEA-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Marie
- CEA, DEN, Laboratoire de développement Analytique Nucléaire Isotopique et Elémentaire (LANIE), Bât. 391 PC33, CEA-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C Thiam
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), Bât. 602 PC111, CEA-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Many techniques in radionuclide metrology rely on accurate measurement of the total count rate, that is integral counting, from a detector. We present the design and results from integral counting using a live-timed multi-channel analyzer (MCA) based on a list-mode digitizer and a live-timed scalar, both with imposed, extending dead times. These systems were benchmarked against an existing NIST anti-coincidence counting system. Both systems were used to determine correction factors to an MCA that uses Gedcke-Hale dead-time corrections. Tests were performed for a large-area gas-flow proportional counter and a NaI(Tl) detector for count rates up to 80 000 s-1. The results were used to create correction factors suitable for alpha- and beta-particle emission rate calibrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Fitzgerald
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8642, USA.
| | - Lynne King
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8642, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pierre S, Thiam C, Cassette P, Mougeot X, Singh A. Simulation of the response of an ionization chamber to 214Bi emission. Application to the measurement of 222Rn. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 154:108886. [PMID: 31539710 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PENELOPE simulations of a Vinten ionization chamber (IC) were performed to investigate the influence of the thickness of glass-ampoules used in 222Rn standardization. The simulation reveals a non-negligible variation of the energy deposited in the chamber gas region (which may induce a proportional variation of the measured current) when considering the β transition emissions of the daughters of 222Rn. This reinforces the idea of using a specialist container (made of metal to preserve the integrity of the container) that would circulate between the metrology laboratories in the context of international comparison exercises using the BIPM international reference system (SIR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Pierre
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), Bât 602, PC111, CEA-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France.
| | - Cheick Thiam
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), Bât 602, PC111, CEA-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Cassette
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), Bât 602, PC111, CEA-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Xavier Mougeot
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), Bât 602, PC111, CEA-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Abhilasha Singh
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), Bât 602, PC111, CEA-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Based on previous study, the calculation of electron capture decays has been improved by considering a more accurate atomic model with precise atomic energies, and different radiative corrections have been tested. The computer code has been revised in order to greatly speed-up the calculation and has then been coupled with the BetaShape code. The influence of the nuclear component has also been explored using a simple nuclear model. All the calculations are compared with precise measurements available in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Mougeot
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), Bât. 602 PC111, CEA-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mougeot X. Improved calculations of electron capture transitions for decay data and radionuclide metrology. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 134:225-232. [PMID: 28757349 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Electron capture properties are crucial to establish the decay schemes of numerous radionuclides. The present modelling aims at improving the theoretical estimates of these decays, which are needed when no measurement is available. Allowed and forbidden unique transitions are calculated on the basis of precise relativistic wave functions of the atomic electrons, determined in previous work. In this context, correcting for atomic effects is of high importance. The two common approaches from Bahcall and Vatai to correct for the overlap and exchange effects have been extended to every subshell in a unified formulation, with the electron occupation precisely taken into account. The shake-up and shake-off effects, which create secondary vacancies, and the influence of the hole due to the capture process, have been considered. Uncertainties are also estimated. Relative capture probabilities and their ratios, including capture-to-positron ratios, have been found to be in good agreement with a selection of precise measurements. This modelling was then applied to the third forbidden unique transition of 40K decay, with an update of the recommended values for the branching ratios and the total decay half-life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Mougeot
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), Bât. 602 PC111, Saclay 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bobin C, Thiam C, Bouchard J. Standardization of 68Ge/ 68Ga using the 4πβ-γ coincidence method based on Cherenkov counting. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 134:252-256. [PMID: 28676277 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the framework of an international BIPM comparison (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures), the activity standardization of 68Ge in a solution of 68Ge/68Ga in equilibrium provided by NIST was carried out at LNHB. This exercise was organized to meet the growing interest in 68Ga as a radiopharmaceutical in nuclear medicine services (e.g. as a surrogate of 18F for PET imaging). Due to the volatility of germanium, the activity standardization of 68Ge was investigated at LNHB by means of 4πβ-γ coincidence counting based on Cherenkov measurements. This technique was applied to take advantage of the Cherenkov threshold (~ 260keV in aqueous solutions) in order to prevent counting from electron-capture events associated with 68Ge disintegrations. Cherenkov counting was performed using glass and polyethylene vials and the resulting activity concentrations were compared with 4πβ-γ coincidence measurements based on liquid scintillation. The efficiency-extrapolation curve obtained with Cherenkov measurements in glass vials was compared to Monte Carlo simulations based on the Geant4 code.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bobin
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire national Henri Becquerel, (LNE-LNHB), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - C Thiam
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire national Henri Becquerel, (LNE-LNHB), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - J Bouchard
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire national Henri Becquerel, (LNE-LNHB), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Maringer FJ, Ackerl C, Baumgartner A, Burger-Scheidlin C, Kocadag M, Sterba JH, Stietka M, Welch JM. Long-term environmental radioactive contamination of Europe due to the Chernobyl accident - Results of the Joint Danube Survey 2013. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 126:100-105. [PMID: 28284741 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the course of the Joint Danube Survey 3 (JDS3), coordinated by the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR), laboratory ships travelled 2375km down the Danube River engaging in sampling, processing and on-board analyses during the summer of 2013. The results of the radiometric analysis of 90Sr, 137Cs and natural radionuclides in recent riverbed sediment are presented. The activity concentrations of 90Sr and 137Cs in Danube sediments have been found below 100Bq/kg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Josef Maringer
- BEV - Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying, Austria; BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria; TU Wien - Technische Universität Wien, Austria.
| | - Claudia Ackerl
- BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Stietka
- BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bobin C, Thiam C, Chauvenet B. A radionuclide calibrator based on Cherenkov counting for activity measurements of high-energy pure β¯-emitters. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 119:60-5. [PMID: 27846441 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to their stability and reproducibility, re-entrant pressurized ionization chambers (also called radionuclide calibrators) are widely used for activity measurements in nuclear medicine services as well as in national metrology institutes to maintain reference standards. Generally, these secondary instruments yield accurate activity measurements for γ-emitting radionuclides. Ionization chambers are easy to use and thus well-adapted to guarantee the metrological traceability between national metrology institutes and end-users. However, the reproducibility of calibration factors can be significantly impaired when measuring high-energy pure β¯-emitters such as radiopharmaceuticals based on 90Y. This is because the bremsstrahlung emission contributing to the instrument response is strongly dependent on the geometry of the components surrounding the radioactive solution. The present article describes a new design based on pulse counting to address this problem. It takes advantage of Cherenkov emission resulting from Compton scattering in transparent materials. The interest of Cherenkov counting is to obtain a low-sensitivity detector that enables direct measurements of high-activity solutions (at least up to 10 GBq for 90Y-microspheres in aqueous suspensions used in nuclear medicine). A simple design based on a geometry close to an ionization chamber used at LNHB (Vinten 671 type) is described. The feasibility in terms of detection efficiencies (lower than 10-4 for 90Y solutions) of the new radionuclide calibrator is investigated by Monte Carlo calculations using the Geant4 code.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bobin C, Thiam C, Bouchard J. Calculation of extrapolation curves in the 4π(LS)β-γ coincidence technique with the Monte Carlo code Geant4. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 109:319-324. [PMID: 26699674 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
At LNE-LNHB, a liquid scintillation (LS) detection setup designed for Triple to Double Coincidence Ratio (TDCR) measurements is also used in the β-channel of a 4π(LS)β-γ coincidence system. This LS counter based on 3 photomultipliers was first modeled using the Monte Carlo code Geant4 to enable the simulation of optical photons produced by scintillation and Cerenkov effects. This stochastic modeling was especially designed for the calculation of double and triple coincidences between photomultipliers in TDCR measurements. In the present paper, this TDCR-Geant4 model is extended to 4π(LS)β-γ coincidence counting to enable the simulation of the efficiency-extrapolation technique by the addition of a γ-channel. This simulation tool aims at the prediction of systematic biases in activity determination due to eventual non-linearity of efficiency-extrapolation curves. First results are described in the case of the standardization (59)Fe. The variation of the γ-efficiency in the β-channel due to the Cerenkov emission is investigated in the case of the activity measurements of (54)Mn. The problem of the non-linearity between β-efficiencies is featured in the case of the efficiency tracing technique for the activity measurements of (14)C using (60)Co as a tracer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bobin
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - C Thiam
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - J Bouchard
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Koskinas MF, Polillo G, Brancaccio F, Yamazaki IM, Dias MS. Standardization of (59)Fe by 4π(PC)β-γ software coincidence system. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 109:386-388. [PMID: 26688361 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The procedure for the standardization of (59)Fe using a 4π(PC)β-γ software coincidence system is described. The standardization was performed with an experimental setup consisting of a thin window gas-flow proportional counter (PC) in 4π geometry coupled to a NaI(Tl) scintillator and to a HPGe detector. The data acquisition was carried out by means of a Software Coincidence System (SCS). The beta efficiency was changed by using Collodion films and aluminum foils as external absorbers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M F Koskinas
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2242, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - G Polillo
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2242, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - F Brancaccio
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2242, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - I M Yamazaki
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2242, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M S Dias
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2242, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Thiam C, Bobin C, Lourenço V, Chisté V, Amiot MN, Mougeot X, Lacour D, Rigoulay F, Ferreux L. Investigation of the response variability of ionization chambers for the standard transfer of SIR-Spheres(®). Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 109:231-5. [PMID: 26651176 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present paper addresses the calibration of well-type ionization chambers (ICs) used at LNE-LNHB as standard transfer instruments to calibrate hospitals in the case of SIR-Spheres(®)(90)Y resin microspheres (Sirtex, Australia). Developed for interventional oncology, this radiopharmaceutical is directly injected in the liver for cancer treatment via a selective internal radiation therapy. The present work was carried out in the framework of the European project "Metrology for molecular radiotherapy" (MetroMRT). As commonly performed in radionuclide metrology for radiopharmaceuticals, the objective is to ensure the metrological traceability of SIR-Spheres(®) to hospitals. Preceding studies were focused on primary measurements of SIR-Spheres(®) based on the TDCR (Triple to Double Coincidence Ratio) method, applied after the dissolution of the (90)Y-labeled resin microspheres. As (90)Y is a high-energy β(-)-emitter, the IC response strongly depends on the transport of electrons in the radioactive solution and surroundings (vial, chamber liners and materials). The variability of the IC-response due to the geometry dependence is investigated by means of measurements and Monte Carlo simulations in the case of a Vinten IC. The aim of the present study was also to propose a reliable uncertainty for ICs calibrations for the standard transfer of SIR-Spheres(®) to hospitals.
Collapse
|
15
|
Lourenço V, Bobin C, Chisté V, Lacour D, Rigoulay F, Tapner M, Thiam C, Ferreux L. Primary standardization of SIR-Spheres based on the dissolution of the (90)Y-labeled resin microspheres. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 97:170-176. [PMID: 25579458 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The project "Metrology for molecular radiotherapy" is a collaborative European project initiated to bring together expertize in ionizing radiation metrology and nuclear medicine research. This project deals with the development of personalized dosimetry to individual patients who are undergoing molecular radiotherapy (also known as targeted radionuclide therapy). The general aim is to provide a metrological traceability to primary standards for individual dosimetry in the case of molecular radiotherapy. In particular, one objective is the standardization of (90)Y-labeled resin microspheres SIR-Spheres (Sirtex, Sydney, Australia) used for the treatment of liver cancer by radioembolization. The present paper describes the primary measurements carried out using the Triple to Double Coincidence Ratio (TDCR) method applied after the complete dissolution of the SIR-Spheres in the Sirtex vial. A method for the dissolution was developed to optimize the homogeneity of the solution to enable the primary measurements based on Cherenkov and liquid scintillation counting. A comprehensive description of the protocol implemented for the microsphere dissolution is reported. First calibration factors obtained with the reference ionization chambers at LNE-LNHB are also given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Lourenço
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C Bobin
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - V Chisté
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D Lacour
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - F Rigoulay
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | - C Thiam
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - L Ferreux
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Halter E, Thiam C, Bobin C, Bouchard J, Chambellan D, Chauvenet B, Hamel M, Rocha L, Trocmé M, Woo R. First TDCR measurements at low energies using a miniature x-ray tube. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 93:7-12. [PMID: 24685767 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Developed for radionuclide standardization using liquid scintillation, the Triple to Double Coincidence Ratio (TDCR) method is applied using coincidence counting obtained with a specific three-photomultiplier system. For activity determination, a statistical model of light emission is classically used to establish a relation between the detection efficiency and the experimental TDCR value. At LNE-LNHB, a stochastic approach of the TDCR modeling was developed using the Monte Carlo code Geant4. The interest of this TDCR-Geant4 model is the possibility to simulate the propagation of optical photons from their creation in the scintillation vial to the production of photoelectrons in photomultipliers. As an alternative to the use of radionuclide sources, first TDCR measurements are presented using a miniature x-ray tube closely coupled to the scintillation vial. The objective of this new set-up was to enable low-energy depositions (lower than 20 keV) in liquid scintillator in order to study the influence of both time and geometrical dependence between PMTs already observed with radioactive sources. As for the statistical TDCR model, the non-linearity of light emission is implemented in the TDCR-Geant4 model using the Birks formula which depends on the kB factor and the scintillation yield. Measurements performed with the x-ray tube are extended to the assessment of these parameters and they are tested afterwards in the TDCR-Geant4 model for activity measurements of (3)H.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Halter
- CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France; CEA, List, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C Thiam
- CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C Bobin
- CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - J Bouchard
- CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D Chambellan
- CEA, List, Laboratoire Images, Tomographie et Traitements, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - B Chauvenet
- CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Hamel
- CEA, List, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - L Rocha
- CEA, List, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Trocmé
- CEA, List, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - R Woo
- CEA, List, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Current state of the art solutions based on the Triple to Double Coincidence Ratio method are generally large size, heavy-weight and not transportable systems. This is due, on one side, to large detectors and scintillation chambers and, on the other, to bulky analog electronics for data acquisition. CAEN developed a new, full digital approach to TDCR technique based on a portable, stand-alone, high-speed multichannel digitizer, on-board Digital Pulse Processing and dedicated DAQ software that emulates the well-known MAC3 analog board.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Mini
- CAEN S.p.A., Via Vetraia 11, I-55049 Viareggio (LU), Italy.
| | - Francesco Pepe
- CAEN S.p.A., Via Vetraia 11, I-55049 Viareggio (LU), Italy
| | - Carlo Tintori
- CAEN S.p.A., Via Vetraia 11, I-55049 Viareggio (LU), Italy
| | - Marco Capogni
- ENEA - Istituto Nazionale di Metrologia delle Radiazioni Ionizzanti (INMRI), C.R. Casaccia - Via Anguillarese 301, I-00123 Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bobin C, Bouchard J, Thiam C, Ménesguen Y. Digital pulse processing and optimization of the front-end electronics for nuclear instrumentation. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 87:195-9. [PMID: 24326314 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article describes an algorithm developed for the digital processing of signals provided by a high-efficiency well-type NaI(Tl) detector used to apply the 4πγ technique. In order to achieve a low-energy threshold, a new front-end electronics has been specifically designed to optimize the coupling to an analog-to-digital converter (14 bit, 125 MHz) connected to a digital development kit produced by Altera(®). The digital pulse processing is based on an IIR (Infinite Impulse Response) approximation of the Gaussian filter (and its derivatives) that can be applied to the real-time processing of digitized signals. Based on measurements obtained with the photon emissions generated by an (241)Am source, the energy threshold is estimated to be equal to ~2 keV corresponding to the physical threshold of the NaI(Tl) detector. An algorithm developed for a Silicon Drift Detector used for low-energy x-ray spectrometry is also described. In that case, the digital pulse processing is specifically designed for signals provided by a reset-type preamplifier ((55)Fe source).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bobin
- CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - J Bouchard
- CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C Thiam
- CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Y Ménesguen
- CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|