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Dmitrieva VA, Tyutereva EV, Voitsekhovskaja OV. What can reactive oxygen species (ROS) tell us about the action mechanism of herbicides and other phytotoxins? Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 220:92-110. [PMID: 38663829 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed in plant cells continuously. When ROS production exceeds the antioxidant capacity of the cells, oxidative stress develops which causes damage of cell components and may even lead to the induction of programmed cell death (PCD). The levels of ROS production increase upon abiotic stress, but also during pathogen attack in response to elicitors, and upon application of toxic compounds such as synthetic herbicides or natural phytotoxins. The commercial value of many synthetic herbicides is based on weed death as result of oxidative stress, and for a number of them, the site and the mechanism of ROS production have been characterized. This review summarizes the current knowledge on ROS production in plants subjected to different groups of synthetic herbicides and natural phytotoxins. We suggest that the use of ROS-specific fluorescent probes and of ROS-specific marker genes can provide important information on the mechanism of action of these toxins. Furthermore, we propose that, apart from oxidative damage, elicitation of ROS-induced PCD is emerging as one of the important processes underlying the action of herbicides and phytotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria A Dmitrieva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Ecological Physiology, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia; Laboratory of Phytotoxicology and Biotechnology, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Saint Petersburg, 196608, Russia
| | - Elena V Tyutereva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Ecological Physiology, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia
| | - Olga V Voitsekhovskaja
- Laboratory of Molecular and Ecological Physiology, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia.
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Jeyaseelan A, Murugesan K, Thayanithi S, Palanisamy SB. A review of the impact of herbicides and insecticides on the microbial communities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:118020. [PMID: 38151149 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing crop yield to accommodate the ever-increasing world population has become critical, and diminishing arable land has pressured current agricultural practices. Intensive farming methods have been using more pesticides and insecticides (biocides), culminating in soil deposition, negatively impacting the microbiome. Hence, a deeper understanding of the interaction and impact of pesticides and insecticides on microbial communities is required for the scientific community. This review highlights the recent findings concerning the possible impacts of biocides on various soil microorganisms and their diversity. This review's bibliometric analysis emphasised the recent developments' statistics based on the Scopus document search. Pesticides and insecticides are reported to degrade microbes' structure, cellular processes, and distinct biochemical reactions at cellular and biochemical levels. Several biocides disrupt the relationship between plants and their microbial symbionts, hindering beneficial biological activities that are widely discussed. Most microbial target sites of or receptors are biomolecules, and biocides bind with the receptor through a ligand-based mechanism. The biomarker action mechanism in response to biocides relies on activating the receptor site by specific biochemical interactions. The production of electrophilic or nucleophilic species, free radicals, and redox-reactive agents are the significant factors of biocide's metabolic reaction. Most studies considered for the review reported the negative impact of biocides on the soil microbial community; hence, technological development is required regarding eco-friendly pesticide and insecticide, which has less or no impact on the soil microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Jeyaseelan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kamaraj Murugesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology-Ramapuram, Chennai, 600089, Tamil Nadu, India; Life Science Division, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, 71800, Malaysia.
| | - Saranya Thayanithi
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam Technical Campus, Coimbatore, 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suresh Babu Palanisamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Ameliorative effects of endogenous and exogenous indole-3-acetic acid on atrazine stressed paddy field cyanobacterial biofertilizer Cylindrospermum stagnale. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11175. [PMID: 35778433 PMCID: PMC9249835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15415-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Across the world, paddy fields naturally harbour cyanobacteria that function as biofertilizers and secrete various compounds like Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) that help organisms in regulating their growth. Also, paddy field farming utilizes large amounts of pesticides (e.g. atrazine); but their continued application in the agricultural field causes toxicity in non-target cyanobacterial species that hinder their performance as a biofertilizer. Hence, the current study is an attempt to ameliorate the atrazine stress in cyanobacterium Cylindrospermum stagnale by addition of IAA (1 mM each) under different atrazine levels (0, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 µg/l). Atrazine toxicity affected C. stagnale in a dose-dependent manner further experiments revealed that both the exogenous and endogenous IAA mitigated the detrimental effects of atrazine. It reduced MDA content and simultaneously increased chlorophyll content, total protein content, and multiple antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)] at 140 µg/l. A molecular docking study revealed that the pesticide binds to the D1 protein of the photoelectric chain in photosynthesis. Hence, the application of IAA or cyanobacterial biofertilizer that secretes a sufficient amount of IAA may assist sustainable agriculture in counteracting the atrazine toxicity.
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Kaur I, Goyal D. Cartap hydrochloride induced stress response in Anabaena variabilis ARM 441. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 177:104904. [PMID: 34301365 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cartap hydrochloride is a moderately hazardous nereistoxin analogue insecticide that is predominantly applied in paddy fields of India, at a recommended dose of 10 μg ml-1 to kill chewing and sucking insect pests of rice crop. Toxicity of cartap hydrochloride was studied on non-target free-living nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ARM 441 commonly used as algal biofertilizer in rice cultivation. Anabaena sp. could tolerate commercial grade insecticide up to 30 μg ml-1. However, at the recommended dose of 10 μg ml-1, it caused reduction in algal growth, total nitrogen and heterocyst frequency by 47.28, 24.29 and 17.72% respectively, as well as photosynthetic pigments under pure culture conditions. Scanning electron micrographs revealed cell rupture and breakage in filaments due to cartap exposure with the formation of akinetes. Cartap hydrochloride induced stress, since level of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase were increased by 108.57, 187.5 and 117% respectively. Generation of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide were also increased by 152.48 and 34% respectively. Lipid peroxidation was increased by 31.03%, whereas there was decline in ascorbate content by 48.45%, however the glutathione content was increased by 128.57%. Increase in osmolytes such as proline from 8.6 to 32.8% and sucrose from 61.22 to 90.13% indicates their possible role in overcoming cartap induced oxidative stress and can be helpful in assessing its detrimental effect on Anabaena variabilis ARM 441, since cyanobacterial biofertilizers are purposely used in paddy fields as nitrogen contributors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishtpreet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar institute of engineering and technology, Punjab, India
| | - Dinesh Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar institute of engineering and technology, Punjab, India.
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Isolation and in silico analysis of antioxidants in response to temporal variations in the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ruhil K, Prasad SM. Nostoc muscorum and Phormidium foveolarum differentially respond to butachlor and UV-B stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:841-856. [PMID: 32255944 PMCID: PMC7113359 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Present study deals with responses of two cyanobacteria viz. Nostoc muscorum and Phormidium foveolarum against butachlor [2-chloro-2,6-diethyl-N-(butoxymethyl) acetanilide] (low dose; 5 µg mL-1 and high dose; 10 µg mL-1) and UV-B (7.2 kJ m-2) alone, and in combination. Butachlor and UV-B exposure, alone and in combination, suppressed growth of both the cyanobacteria. This was accompanied by inhibitory effect on whole cell oxygen evolution and photosynthetic electron transport activities. Both the stressors induced the oxidative stress as there was significant increase in superoxide radical (O2 ·-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents resulting into increased lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage. In N. muscorum, low dose of butachlor and UV-B alone increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), while activity of all these enzymatic antioxidants declined significantly at treatments with high dose of butachlor alone, and with low and high doses of butachlor and UV-B in combination. In P. foveolarum, enhanced activity of SOD, CAT and POD (except POD at high dose of butachlor and UV-B combination) was noticed. Ascorbate level in N. muscorum declined progressively with increasing intensity of stress while in P. foveolarum varied response was noticed. Proline contents increased progressively under tested stress in both the organisms. Overall results suggest that N. muscorum was more sensitive than P. foveolarum against butachlor and UV-B stresses. Hence, P. foveolarum may be preferred in paddy field for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Ruhil
- Lab No. 114, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi 110067 India
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002 India
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Tiwari B, Chakraborty S, Srivastava AK, Mishra AK. Biodegradation and rapid removal of methyl parathion by the paddy field cyanobacterium Fischerella sp. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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8
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Srivastava A, Singh A, Singh SS, Mishra AK. Salt stress-induced changes in antioxidative defense system and proteome profiles of salt-tolerant and sensitive Frankia strains. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017; 52:420-428. [PMID: 28085556 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1270672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An appreciation of comparative microbial survival is most easily done while evaluating their adaptive strategies during stress. In the present experiment, antioxidative and whole cell proteome variations based on spectrophotometric analysis and SDS-PAGE and 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis have been analysed among salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive Frankia strains. This is the first report of proteomic basis underlying salt tolerance in these newly isolated Frankia strains from Hippophae salicifolia D. Don. Salt-tolerant strain HsIi10 shows higher increment in the contents of superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase as compared to salt-sensitive strain HsIi8. Differential 2-DGE profile has revealed differential profiles for salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive strains. Proteomic confirmation of salt tolerance in the strains with inbuilt efficiency of thriving in nitrogen-deficient locales is a definite advantage for these microbes. This would be equally beneficial for improvement of soil nitrogen status. Efficient protein regulation in HsIi10 suggests further exploration for its potential use as biofertilizer in saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Srivastava
- a Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Botany , Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , India
- b Life Science Programme , Central University of South Bihar , Patna , India
| | - Anumeha Singh
- a Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Botany , Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , India
| | - Satya S Singh
- a Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Botany , Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , India
- c Department of Botany , Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya , Bilaspur , Chhattisgarh , India
| | - Arun K Mishra
- a Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Botany , Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , India
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Yadav G, Srivastava PK, Parihar P, Tiwari S, Prasad SM. Oxygen toxicity and antioxidative responses in arsenic stressed Helianthus annuus L. seedlings against UV-B. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 165:58-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Filimonova V, Gonçalves F, Marques JC, De Troch M, Gonçalves AMM. Biochemical and toxicological effects of organic (herbicide Primextra(®) Gold TZ) and inorganic (copper) compounds on zooplankton and phytoplankton species. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 177:33-43. [PMID: 27239776 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In Europe, mainly in the Mediterranean region, an intensive usage of pesticides was recorded during the past 30 years. According to information from agricultural cooperatives of the Mondego valley (Figueira da Foz, Portugal), Primextra(®) Gold TZ is the most used herbicide in corn crop fields and one of the 20 best-selling herbicides in Portugal. Copper is mainly used in pesticide formulations. This study aims to determine the ecotoxicological and biochemical (namely fatty acid profiles) effects of the herbicide Primextra(®) Gold TZ and the metal copper on marine plankton. The organisms used in this study are three planktonic species: the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii, the estuarine copepod Acartia tonsa and nauplii of the marine brine shrimp Artemia franciscana. Fatty acids (FAs) are one of the most important molecules transferred across the plant-animal interface in aquatic food webs and can be used as good indicators of stress. The conducted lab incubations show that T. weissflogii is the most sensitive species to the herbicide followed by A. tonsa (EC50=0.0078mg/L and EC50=0.925mg/L, respectively), whereas the copepod was the most sensitive species to the metal followed by T. weissflogii (EC50=0.234mg/L and EC50=0.383mg/L, respectively). A. franciscana was the most tolerant organism both to the herbicide and to the metal (EC50=20.35mg/L and EC50=18.93mg/L, respectively). Changes in the FA profiles of primary producer and primary consumers were observed, with the increase of saturated FA and decrease of unsaturated FA contents, especially of highly unsaturated FAs that can be obtained mainly from food and therefore are referred to as 'essential FA'. The study suggests that discharges of Primextra(®) Gold TZ or other pesticides mainly composed by copper may be a threat to plankton populations causing changes in the FA contents and thus in their nutritive value, with severe repercussions for higher trophic levels and thus the entire food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Filimonova
- IMAR-CMA & MARE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Biology Department, Marine Biology, Ghent University. Krijgslaan 281-S8, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Fernando Gonçalves
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João C Marques
- IMAR-CMA & MARE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Marleen De Troch
- Biology Department, Marine Biology, Ghent University. Krijgslaan 281-S8, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Ana M M Gonçalves
- IMAR-CMA & MARE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Prasad SM, Kumar S, Parihar P, Singh A, Singh R. Evaluating the combined effects of pretilachlor and UV-B on two Azolla species. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 128:45-56. [PMID: 26969439 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed the comparative responses of two agronomic species of Azolla (A.microphylla and A. pinnata) exposed to man-made and natural stressors by evaluating biomass accumulation, pigments (chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid contents), photosynthetic activity and nitrogen metabolism. The study was carried out in field where two species of Azolla were cultured and treated with various concentrations (5, 10 and 20 μg ml(-1)) of herbicide; pretilachlor [2-chloro-2,6-diethyl-N-(2-propoxyethyl) acetanilide] and enhanced levels (UV-B1: ambient +2.2 kJ m(-2) day(-1) and UV-B2: ambient +4.4 kJ m(-2) day(-1)) of UV-B, alone as well as in combination. Biomass accumulation, photosynthetic pigments; chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, photosynthetic oxygen yield and photosynthetic electron transport activities i.e. photosystem II (PS II) and photosystem I (PS I) in both the species declined with the increasing doses of pretilachlor and UV-B radiation, which further declined when applied in combination. The lower doses (5 and 10 μg ml(-1)) of pretilachlor and UV-B (UV-B1 and UV-B2) alone, damaged mainly the oxidation side of PS II, whereas higher dose (20 μg ml(-1)) of pretilachlor alone and in combination with UV-B1 and UV-B2 caused damage to PS II reaction centre and beyond this towards the reduction side. A significant enhancement in respiration was also noticed in fronds of both the Azolla species following pretilachlor and UV-B treatment, hence indicating strong damaging effect. The nitrate assimilating enzymes - nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase and ammonium assimilating enzymes - glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase were also severely affected when treated either with pretilachlor and/or UV-B while glutamate dehydrogenase exhibited a stimulatory response. The study suggests that both the species of Azolla showed considerable damage under pretilachlor and UV-B treatments alone, however, in combination the effect was more intense. Further, in comparison to A. pinnata, A. microphylla exhibited greater resistance against tested doses of both the stresses, either alone or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Parul Parihar
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Anita Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Rachana Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
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Rocha ACS, Reis-Henriques MA, Galhano V, Ferreira M, Guimarães L. Toxicity of seven priority hazardous and noxious substances (HNSs) to marine organisms: Current status, knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 542:728-749. [PMID: 26546768 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Shipping industry and seaborne trade have rapidly increased over the last fifty years, mainly due to the continuous increasing demand for chemicals and fuels. Consequently, despite current regulations, the occurrence of accidental spills poses an important risk. Hazardous and noxious substances (HNSs) have been raising major concern among environmental managers and scientific community for their heterogeneity, hazardous potential towards aquatic organisms and associated social-economic impacts. A literature review on ecotoxicological hazards to aquatic organisms was conducted for seven HNSs: acrylonitrile, n-butyl acrylate, cyclohexylbenzene, hexane, isononanol, trichloroethylene and xylene. Information on the mechanisms of action of the selected HNS was also reviewed. The main purpose was to identify: i) knowledge gaps in need of being addressed in future research; and ii) a set of possible biomarkers suitable for ecotoxicological assessment and monitoring in both estuarine and marine systems. Main gaps found concern the scarcity of information available on ecotoxicological effects of HNS towards marine species and their poorly understood mode of action in wildlife. Differences were found between the sensitivity of freshwater and seawater organisms, so endpoints produced in the former may not be straightforwardly employed in evaluations for the marine environment. The relationship between sub-individual effects and higher level detrimental alterations (e.g. behavioural, morphological, reproductive effects and mortality) are not fully understood. In this context, a set of biomarkers associated to neurotoxicity, detoxification and anti-oxidant defences is suggested as potential indicators of toxic exposure/effects of HNS in marine organisms. Overall, to support the development of contingency plans and the establishment of environmental safety thresholds, it will be necessary to undertake targeted research on HNS ecotoxicity in the marine environment. Research should address these issues under more realistic exposure scenarios reflecting the prevailing spatial and temporal variability in ecological and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cristina S Rocha
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Armanda Reis-Henriques
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor Galhano
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Ferreira
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Laura Guimarães
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
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Kumar MS, Kabra AN, Min B, El-Dalatony MM, Xiong J, Thajuddin N, Lee DS, Jeon BH. Insecticides induced biochemical changes in freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas mexicana. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:1091-1099. [PMID: 26036581 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of insecticides (acephate and imidacloprid) on a freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas mexicana was investigated with respect to photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrate and protein contents, fatty acids composition and induction of stress indicators including proline, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). C. mexicana was cultivated with 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg L(-1) of acephate and imidacloprid. The microalga growth increased with increasing concentrations of both insecticides up to 15 mg L(-1), beyond which the growth declined compared to control condition (without insecticides). C. mexicana cultivated with 15 mg L(-1) of both insecticides for 12 days was used for further analysis. The accumulation of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids), carbohydrates and protein was decreased in the presence of both insecticides. Acephate and imidacloprid induced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and increased the concentration of proline in the microalga, which play a defensive role against various environmental stresses. Fatty acid analysis revealed that the fraction of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased on exposure to both insecticides. C. mexicana also promoted 25 and 21% removal of acephate and imidacloprid, respectively. The biochemical changes in C. mexicana on exposure to acephate and imidacloprid indicate that the microalga undergoes an adaptive change in response to the insecticide-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukannan Satheesh Kumar
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Akhil N Kabra
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-dong, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Marwa M El-Dalatony
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Jiuqiang Xiong
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Nooruddin Thajuddin
- Division of Microbial Biodiversity and Bioenergy, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dae Sung Lee
- Department of Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering, Dong-A University, 840 Handan2-dong, Saha-gu, Busan, 604-714, South Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea.
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Kim BM, Lee JW, Seo JS, Shin KH, Rhee JS, Lee JS. Modulated expression and enzymatic activity of the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus Cu/Zn- and Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) in response to environmental biocides. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 120:470-478. [PMID: 25260044 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are important antioxidant enzymes whose expression levels are often used as biomarkers for oxidative stress. To investigate the biomarker potential of the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus SOD genes, the full-length Cu/Zn-SOD (Bk-Cu/Zn-SOD) and Mn-SOD (Bk-Mn-SOD) genes were cloned from genomic DNA and characterized. All amino acid residues involved in the formation of tertiary structure and metal binding in Bk-Cu/Zn-SOD and Bk-Mn-SOD were highly conserved across species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Bk-Mn-SOD, in particular, was closely clustered with mitochondrial Mn-SOD. Transcript analysis after exposure to six different biocides (alachlor, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, endosulfan, lindane, and molinate) revealed that the transcriptional level of Bk-Cu/Zn-SOD was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the level of Bk-Mn-SOD transcript was significantly increased compared with control cells in response to chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, and molinate at their no observed effect concentrations (NOECs). However, exposure to alachlor, chlorpyrifos, and molinate significantly reduced the enzymatic activity of total SOD protein, while a decreased pattern was observed in all biocide treatments. Taken together, these results indicate that exposure to waterborne environmental biocides induces the transcription of Bk-Cu/Zn-SOD and Bk-Mn-SOD, but inhibits the enzymatic activity of Bk-SODs. These results contribute to our understanding of the modes of action of oxidative stress-mediating biocides on rotifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Mi Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Jin Wuk Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Jung Soo Seo
- Pathology Team, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Busan 619-902, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea.
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15
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Kumar M, Praveenkumar R, Jeon BH, Thajuddin N. Chlorpyrifos-induced changes in the antioxidants and fatty acid compositions of Chroococcus turgidus
NTMS12. Lett Appl Microbiol 2014; 59:535-41. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.S. Kumar
- Division of Microbial Biodiversity and Bioenergy; Department of Microbiology; School of Life Sciences; Bharathidasan University; Tiruchirappalli Tamil Nadu India
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering; Hanyang University; Seoul South Korea
| | - R. Praveenkumar
- Division of Microbial Biodiversity and Bioenergy; Department of Microbiology; School of Life Sciences; Bharathidasan University; Tiruchirappalli Tamil Nadu India
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory; Korea Institute of Energy Research; Daejeon South Korea
| | - B.-H. Jeon
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering; Hanyang University; Seoul South Korea
| | - N. Thajuddin
- Division of Microbial Biodiversity and Bioenergy; Department of Microbiology; School of Life Sciences; Bharathidasan University; Tiruchirappalli Tamil Nadu India
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16
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Anees S, Suhail S, Pathak N, Zeeshan M. Potential Use of Rice Field Cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum in the Evaluation of Butachlor Induced Toxicity and their Degradation. Bioinformation 2014; 10:365-70. [PMID: 25097380 PMCID: PMC4110428 DOI: 10.6026/97320630010365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, butachlor (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ppm) induced toxicity in Nostoc muscorum and their degradation was evaluated.
The dose of butachlor dependent decreased in the cell survival and growth of N. muscorum was noticed. Scanning electron
microscopy revealed the adverse impact on the cell size and shapes. Low concentrations of butachlor (10 and 20 ppm) induced the
over expression of a polypeptides of 31.0 K Da and 42.7 K Da, respectively which could be responsible for developing resistance in
the organism up to certain level. Further, the degradation product of butachlor as a result of metabolic activities of N. muscorum,
identified by GC-MS analysis includes phenols and benzene dicarboxylic acid indicating the utilization of herbicide during active
growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaiya Anees
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow-226 026, India
| | - Shazia Suhail
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow-226 026, India
| | - Neelam Pathak
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow-226 026, India
| | - Mohd Zeeshan
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow-226 026, India
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17
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Singh DP, Khattar JIS, Kaur M, Kaur G, Gupta M, Singh Y. Anilofos tolerance and its mineralization by the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PUPCCC 64. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53445. [PMID: 23382844 PMCID: PMC3561370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study deals with anilofos tolerance and its mineralization by the common rice field cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PUPCCC 64. The organism tolerated anilofos up to 25 mg L−1. The herbicide caused inhibitory effects on photosynthetic pigments of the test organism in a dose-dependent manner. The organism exhibited 60, 89, 96, 85 and 79% decrease in chlorophyll a, carotenoids, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin, respectively, in 20 mg L−1 anilofos on day six. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase increased by 1.04 to 1.80 times over control cultures in presence of 20 mg L−1 anilofos. Glutathione content decreased by 26% while proline content was unaffected by 20 mg L−1 anilofos. The test organism showed intracellular uptake and metabolized the herbicide. Uptake of herbicide by test organism was fast during initial six hours followed by slow uptake until 120 hours. The organism exhibited maximum anilofos removal at 100 mg protein L−1, pH 8.0 and 30°C. Its growth in phosphate deficient basal medium in the presence of anilofos (2.5 mg L−1) indicated that herbicide was used by the strain PUPCCC 64 as a source of phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Singh
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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18
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Newton GL, Leung SS, Wakabayashi JI, Rawat M, Fahey RC. The DinB superfamily includes novel mycothiol, bacillithiol, and glutathione S-transferases. Biochemistry 2011; 50:10751-60. [PMID: 22059487 DOI: 10.1021/bi201460j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The superfamily of glutathione S-transferases has been the subject of extensive study; however, Actinobacteria produce mycothiol (MSH) in place of glutathione, and no mycothiol S-transferase (MST) has been identified. Using mycothiol and monochlorobimane as substrates, an MST activity was detected in extracts of Mycobacterium smegmatis and purified sufficiently to allow identification of MSMEG_0887, a member the DUF664 family of the DinB superfamily, as the MST. The identity of the M. smegmatis and homologous Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Rv0443) enzymes was confirmed by cloning, and the expressed proteins were found to be active with MSH but not bacillithiol (BSH) or glutathione (GSH). Bacillus subtilis YfiT is another member of the DinB superfamily, but this bacterium produces BSH. The YfiT protein was shown to have S-transferase activity with monochlorobimane when assayed with BSH but not with MSH or GSH. Enterococcus faecalis EF_3021 shares some homology with MSMEG_0887, but En. faecalis produces GSH but not MSH or BSH. Cloned and expressed EF_0321 was active with monochlorobimane and GSH but not with MSH or BSH. MDMPI_2 is another member of the DinB superfamily and has been previously shown to have mycothiol-dependent maleylpyruvate isomerase activity. Three of the eight families of the DinB superfamily include proteins shown to catalyze thiol-dependent metabolic or detoxification activities. Because more than two-thirds of the sequences assigned to the DinB superfamily are members of these families, it seems likely that such activity is dominant in the DinB superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald L Newton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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