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Painefilú JC, González C, Krock B, Bieczynski F, Luquet CM. Microcystin-LR sensitizes the Oncorhynchus mykiss intestinal epithelium and interacts with paralytic shellfish toxins to alter oxidative balance. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 485:116891. [PMID: 38485061 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
In the context of harmful algal blooms, fish can be exposed to the combined effects of more than one toxin. We studied the effects of consecutive exposure to Microcystin-LR (MCLR) in vivo and paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) ex vivo/in vitro (MCLR+PST) in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss's middle intestine. We fed juvenile fish with MCLR incorporated in the feed every 12 h and euthanized them 48 h after the first feeding. Immediately, we removed the middle intestine to make ex vivo and in vitro preparations and exposed them to PST for one hour. We analyzed glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) contents, glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activities in ex vivo intestinal strips; apical and basolateral ATP-biding cassette subfamily C (Abcc)-mediated transport in ex vivo everted and non- everted sacs; and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in isolated enterocytes in vitro. MCLR+PST treatment decreased the GSH content, GSH/GSSG ratio, GST activity, and increased ROS production. GR activity remained unchanged, while CAT activity only increased in response to PST. MCLR inhibited PP1 activity and activated Abcc-mediated transport only at the basolateral side of the intestine. Our results show a combined effect of MCLR+PST on the oxidative balance in the O. mykiss middle intestine, which is not affected by the two toxins groups when applied individually. Basolateral Abcc transporters activation by MCLR treatment could lead to an increase in the absorption of toxicants (including MCLR) into the organism. Therefore, MCLR makes the O. mykiss middle intestine more sensitive to possibly co-occurring cyanotoxins like PST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Painefilú
- Laboratorio de Ictiología y Acuicultura Experimental, IPATEC (CONICET-UNCo), Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Carolina González
- Centro de investigaciones Agua y Saneamientos Argentinos, Tucumán 752, CABA, Argentina; Laboratorio de Limnología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Int. Güiraldes 2160, CABA, Argentina
| | - Bernd Krock
- Ökologische Chemie, Alfred Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Flavia Bieczynski
- Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue, CITAAC (CONICET-UNCo), Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Luquet
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (CONICET-UNCo), Ruta provincial 61, km 3, Junín de los Andes, Argentina.
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Liu Y, Qi CL, Li DW, Li HY, Li RM, Yang WD. Microcystin-LR exposure interfered maintenance of colonic microenvironmental homeostasis in rat. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 173:113611. [PMID: 36657700 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine arginine (MCLR) is a phycotoxin produced by cyanobacteria. As a hepatotoxin, increasing evidence suggests that it has some negative effects on the mammal gastrointestinal tract, but further studies are warranted. In this study, we investigated the effects of MCLR on the intestinal epithelial microenvironment by oral administration of MCLR. As expected, MCLR at doses of 200 and 400 μg kg-1 bw showed hepatorenal toxicity in rats but without significant gastrointestinal symptoms. MCLR exposure decreased the thickness of the colonic epithelial mucus layer, and down-regulated the expression of main mucin protein (MUC2), cytoskeletal assembly-related genes (Arpc1a, Enah) and cytoskeletal stability-related genes (Ptk2, Prkca, Actn1, Pxn, Tln1, Cttn, Vcl) in colonic tissue to varying degrees, but did not affect the expression of cell connection-related genes including Zo1, Ocln, Cldn2 and Cdh1. In addition, MCLR exposure had a limited effect on gut bacterial diversity but clearly enriched specific bacteria. Prevotella, which plays a crucial role in balancing health and disease, was inhibited, whereas Muribaculaceae concerning the epithelial barrier, was promoted. Together, our findings demonstrate that MCLR exposure can weaken the colonic epithelial barrier by interfering with the stability of the cytoskeleton, which in turn exacerbates the homeostasis maintenance in the intestinal microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chun-Li Qi
- Institution of Laboratory Animal, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Rui-Man Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Painefilú JC, González C, Cárcamo JG, Bianchi VA, Luquet CM. Microcystin-LR modulates multixenobiotic resistance proteins in the middle intestine of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 253:106327. [PMID: 36274501 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change favors explosive population growth events (blooms) of phytoplanktonic species, often producing toxic products, e.g., several genera of cyanobacteria synthesize a family of cyanotoxins called microcystins (MCs). Freshwater fish such as the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss can uptake MCs accumulated in the food chain. We studied the toxic effects and modulation of the activity and expression of multixenobiotic resistance proteins (ABCC transporters and the enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the O. mykiss middle intestine by microcystin-LR (MCLR). Juvenile fish were fed with MCLR incorporated in the food every 12 h and euthanized at 12, 24, or 48 h. We estimated the ABCC-mediated transport in ex vivo intestinal strips to estimate ABCC-mediated transport activity. We measured total and reduced (GSH) glutathione contents and GST and glutathione reductase (GR) activities. We studied MCLR cytotoxicity by measuring protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activity and lysosomal membrane stability. Finally, we examined the relationship between ROS production and lysosomal membrane stability through in vitro experiments. Dietary MCLR had a time-dependent effect on ABCC-mediated transport, from inhibition at 12 h to a significant increase after 48 h. GST activity decreased only at 12 h, and GR activity only increased at 48 h. There were no effects on GSH or total glutathione contents. MCLR inhibited PP1 activity and diminished the lysosomal membrane stability at the three experimental times. In the in vitro study, the lysosomal membrane stability decreased in a concentration-dependent fashion from 0 to 5 µmol L - 1 MCLR, while ROS production increased only at 5 µmol L - 1 MCLR. MCLR did not affect mRNA expression of abcc2 or gst-π. We conclude that MCLR modulates ABCC-mediated transport activity in O. mykiss's middle intestine in a time-dependent manner. The transport rate increase does not impair MCLR cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Painefilú
- Laboratorio de Ictiología y Acuicultura Experimental, IPATEC (CONICET-UNCo). Quintral 1250. San Carlos de Bariloche, 8400, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Carolina González
- Agua y Saneamientos Argentinos, Tucumán 752, 1049 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Limnología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Argentina
| | - Juan G Cárcamo
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Chile
| | - Virginia A Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (CONICET-UNCo). Ruta provincial 61, km 3, Junín de los Andes, 8371 Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Luquet
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (CONICET-UNCo). Ruta provincial 61, km 3, Junín de los Andes, 8371 Neuquén, Argentina.
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De Anna JS, Bieczynski F, Cárcamo JG, Venturino A, Luquet CM. Chlorpyrifos stimulates ABCC-mediated transport in the intestine of the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 187:105222. [PMID: 36127061 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos, detected in water and food worldwide, has also been found in the Río Negro and Neuquén Valley, North Patagonia, Argentina, where the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, is one of the most abundant fish species. We analyzed whether chlorpyrifos affects the transport activity of the ATP-binding cassette protein transporters from the subfamily C (ABCC), which are critical components of multixenobiotic resistance. We exposed ex vivo O. mykiss middle intestine strips (non-polarized) and segments (polarized) for one hour to 0 (solvent control), 3, 10, and 20 μg L-1 and to 0, 10, and 20 μg L-1 chlorpyrifos, respectively. We estimated the Abcc-mediated transport rate by measuring the transport rate of the specific Abcc substrate 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione (DNP-SG). In addition, we measured the enzymatic activity of cholinesterase, carboxylesterase, glutathione-S-transferase, and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD, indicative of the activity of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 1A, CYP1A). We also measured lipid peroxidation using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method and the gene expression of Abcc2 and genes of the AhR pathway, AhR, ARNT, and cyp1a, by qRT-PCR. Chlorpyrifos induced the DNP-SG transport rate in middle intestine strips in a concentration-dependent manner (49-71%). In polarized preparations, the induction of the DNP-SG transport rate was observed only in everted segments exposed to 20 μg L-1 chlorpyrifos (40%), indicating that CPF only stimulated the apical (luminal) transport flux. Exposure to chlorpyrifos increased GST activity by 42% in intestine strips and inhibited EROD activity (47.5%). In addition, chlorpyrifos exposure inhibited cholinesterase (34-55%) and carboxylesterase (33-42.5%) activities at all the concentrations assayed and increased TBARS levels in a concentration-dependent manner (71-123%). Exposure to 20 μgL-1 chlorpyrifos did not affect the mRNA expression of the studied genes. The lack of inhibition of DNP-SG transport suggests that chlorpyrifos is not an Abcc substrate. Instead, CPF induces the activity of Abcc proteins in the apical membrane of enterocytes, likely through a post-translational pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta S De Anna
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas -Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Flavia Bieczynski
- Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Juan Guillermo Cárcamo
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Independencia 641, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Chile
| | - Andrés Venturino
- Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Luquet
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas -Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina.
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Cai S, Shu Y, Tian C, Wang C, Fang T, Xiao B, Wu X. Effects of chronic exposure to microcystin-LR on life-history traits, intestinal microbiota and transcriptomic responses in Chironomus pallidivittatus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153624. [PMID: 35124034 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are the most widely distributed cyanobacterial toxins that can exert adverse effects on aquatic organisms, but aside from the study of the harmful effect of cyanobacterial blooms, little is known about the effect of released MCs on the growth and development of chironomid larvae. To assess the harmful effect and the toxic mechanism of MCs on midges, the life-history traits, intestinal microbiota, and transcriptome of Chironomus pallidivittatus were analyzed after chronic exposure to 30 μg/L of MC-LR. Exposure inhibited larvae body length by 35.61% and wet weight by 21.92%, increased emergence time of midges, damaged mitochondria in the intestine, promoted oxidative stress, dysregulated lipid metabolism of chironomid larvae, and increased detoxification enzymes glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 32.44% and 17.41%, respectively. Exposure also altered the diversity and abundance of the intestinal microbiota, favoring pathogenic and MC degradation bacteria. RNA sequencing identified 261 differentially expressed genes under MC-LR stress, suggesting that impairment of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway upregulated fatty acid biosynthesis and elongation to promote lipid accumulation. In addition, exposure-induced detoxification and antioxidant responses, indicating that the chironomid larvae had the potential ability to resist MC-LR. To our knowledge, this is the first time that lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and detoxification have been studied in this organism at the environmentally relevant concentration of MC-LR; the information may assist in ecological risk assessment of cyanobacterial toxins and their effects on benthic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghe Cai
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yilin Shu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, Anhui Province, China
| | - Cuicui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chunbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bangding Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xingqiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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He J, Shu Y, Dai Y, Gao Y, Liu S, Wang W, Jiang H, Zhang H, Hong P, Wu H. Microcystin-leucine arginine exposure induced intestinal lipid accumulation and MC-LR efflux disorder in Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles. Toxicology 2022; 465:153058. [PMID: 34863901 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Few studies exist on the toxic effects of chronic exposure to microcystins (MCs) on amphibian intestines, and the toxicity mechanisms are unclear. Here, we evaluated the impact of subchronic exposure (30 days) to environmentally realistic microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) concentrations (0 μg/L, 0.5 μg/L and 2 μg/L) on tadpole (Lithobates catesbeianus) intestines by analyzing the histopathological and subcellular microstructural damage, the antioxidative and oxidative enzyme activities, and the transcriptome levels. Histopathological results showed severe damage accompanied by inflammation to the intestinal tissues as the MC-LR exposure concentration increased from 0.5 μg/L to 2 μg/L. RNA-sequencing analysis identified 634 and 1,147 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after exposure to 0.5 μg/L and 2 μg/L MC-LR, respectively, compared with those of the control group (0 μg/L). Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway were upregulated in the intestinal tissues of the exposed groups, with many lipid droplets being observed on transmission electron microscopy, implying that MC-LR may induce lipid accumulation in frog intestines. Moreover, 2 μg/L of MC-LR exposure inhibited the xenobiotic and toxicant biodegradation related to detoxification, implying that the tadpoles' intestinal detoxification ability was weakened after exposure to 2 μg/L MC-LR, which may aggravate intestinal toxicity. Lipid accumulation and toxin efflux disorder may be caused by MC-LR-induced endoplasmic reticular stress. This study presents new evidence that MC-LR harms amphibians by impairing intestinal lipid metabolism and toxin efflux, providing a theoretical basis for evaluating the health risks of MC-LR to amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Yilin Shu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Yue Dai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Yuxin Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Shuyi Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Wenchao Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Huiling Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Pei Hong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, Anhui Province, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hailong Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, Anhui Province, China.
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Romersi RF, Nicklisch SCT. Interactions of Environmental Chemicals and Natural Products With ABC and SLC Transporters in the Digestive System of Aquatic Organisms. Front Physiol 2022; 12:767766. [PMID: 35095552 PMCID: PMC8793745 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.767766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An organism’s diet is a major route of exposure to both beneficial nutrients and toxic environmental chemicals and natural products. The uptake of dietary xenobiotics in the intestine is prevented by transporters of the Solute Carrier (SLC) and ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) family. Several environmental chemicals and natural toxins have been identified to induce expression of these defense transporters in fish and aquatic invertebrates, indicating that they are substrates and can be eliminated. However, certain environmental chemicals, termed Transporter-Interfering Chemicals or TICs, have recently been shown to bind to and inhibit fish and mammalian P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), thereby sensitizing cells to toxic chemical accumulation. If and to what extent other xenobiotic defense or nutrient uptake transporters can also be inhibited by dietary TICs is still unknown. To date, most chemical-transporter interaction studies in aquatic organisms have focused on ABC-type transporters, while molecular interactions of xenobiotics with SLC-type transporters are poorly understood. In this perspective, we summarize current advances in the identification, localization, and functional analysis of protective MXR transporters and nutrient uptake systems in the digestive system of fish and aquatic invertebrates. We collate the existing literature data on chemically induced transporter gene expression and summarize the molecular interactions of xenobiotics with these transport systems. Our review emphasizes the need for standardized assays in a broader panel of commercially important fish and seafood species to better evaluate the effects of TIC and other xenobiotic interactions with physiological substrates and MXR transporters across the aquatic ecosystem and predict possible transfer to humans through consumption.
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Bieczynski F, Painefilú JC, Venturino A, Luquet CM. Expression and Function of ABC Proteins in Fish Intestine. Front Physiol 2021; 12:791834. [PMID: 34955897 PMCID: PMC8696203 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.791834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In fish, the intestine is fundamental for digestion, nutrient absorption, and other functions like osmoregulation, acid-base balance, and excretion of some metabolic products. These functions require a large exchange surface area, which, in turn, favors the absorption of natural and anthropogenic foreign substances (xenobiotics) either dissolved in water or contained in the food. According to their chemical nature, nutrients, ions, and water may cross the intestine epithelium cells' apical and basolateral membranes by passive diffusion or through a wide array of transport proteins and also through endocytosis and exocytosis. In the same way, xenobiotics can cross this barrier by passive diffusion or taking advantage of proteins that transport physiological substrates. The entry of toxic substances is counterbalanced by an active efflux transport mediated by diverse membrane proteins, including the ATP binding cassette (ABC) proteins. Recent advances in structure, molecular properties, and functional studies have shed light on the importance of these proteins in cellular and organismal homeostasis. There is abundant literature on mammalian ABC proteins, while the studies on ABC functions in fish have mainly focused on the liver and, to a minor degree, on the kidney and other organs. Despite their critical importance in normal physiology and as a barrier to prevent xenobiotics incorporation, fish intestine's ABC transporters have received much less attention. All the ABC subfamilies are present in the fish intestine, although their functionality is still scarcely studied. For example, there are few studies of ABC-mediated transport made with polarized intestinal preparations. Thus, only a few works discriminate apical from basolateral transport activity. We briefly describe the main functions of each ABC subfamily reported for mammals and other fish organs to help understand their roles in the fish intestine. Our study considers immunohistochemical, histological, biochemical, molecular, physiological, and toxicological aspects of fish intestinal ABC proteins. We focus on the most extensively studied fish ABC proteins (subfamilies ABCB, ABCC, and ABCG), considering their apical or basolateral location and distribution along the intestine. We also discuss the implication of fish intestinal ABC proteins in the transport of physiological substrates and aquatic pollutants, such as pesticides, cyanotoxins, metals, hydrocarbons, and pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Bieczynski
- Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Julio C. Painefilú
- Instituto Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas – Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Andrés Venturino
- Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Carlos M. Luquet
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (CONICET – UNCo), Junín de los Andes, Argentina
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Painefilú JC, Bianchi VA, Krock B, De Anna JS, Kristoff G, Luquet CM. Effects of paralytic shellfish toxins on the middle intestine of Oncorhynchus mykiss: Glutathione metabolism, oxidative status, lysosomal function and ATP-binding cassette class C (ABCC) proteins activity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 204:111069. [PMID: 32758696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We studied the absorption, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress markers of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PST) from three extracts from Alexandrium catenella and A. ostenfeldii, in middle Oncorhynchus mykiss intestine in vitro and ex vivo preparations. We measured glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione-S transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) enzymatic activity, and lipid peroxidation in isolated epithelium exposed to 0.13 and 1.3 μM PST. ROS production and lysosomal membrane stability (as neutral red retention time 50%, NRRT50) were analyzed in isolated enterocytes exposed to PST alone or plus 3 μM of the ABCC transport inhibitor MK571. In addition, the concentration-dependent effects of PST on NRRT50 were assayed in a concentration range from 0 to 1.3 μM PST. We studied the effects of three different PST extracts on the transport rate of the ABCC substrate DNP-SG by isolated epithelium. The extract with highest inhibition capacity was selected for studying polarized DNP-SG transport in everted and non-everted intestinal segments. We registered lower GSH content and GST activity, and higher GR activity, with no significant changes in CAT activity, lipid peroxidation or ROS level. PST exposure decreased NRRT50 in a concentration-depend manner (IC50 = 0.0045 μM), but PST effects were not augmented by addition of MK571. All the three PST extracts inhibited ABCC transport activity, but this inhibition was effective only when the toxins were applied to the apical side of the intestine and DNP-SG transport was measured at the basolateral side. Our results indicate that PST are absorbed by the enterocytes from the intestine lumen. Inside the enterocytes, these toxins decrease GSH content and inhibit the basolateral ABCC transporters affecting the normal functions of the cell. Furthermore, PST produce a strong cytotoxic effect to the enterocytes by damaging the lysosomal membrane, even at low, non-neurotoxic concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Painefilú
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (CONICET-UNCo), ruta provincial 61, km 3, CCP 7, Junín de los Andes, 8371, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Virginia A Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (CONICET-UNCo), ruta provincial 61, km 3, CCP 7, Junín de los Andes, 8371, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Bernd Krock
- Ökologische Chemie, Alfred Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Julieta S De Anna
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (CONICET-UNCo), ruta provincial 61, km 3, CCP 7, Junín de los Andes, 8371, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Gisela Kristoff
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática Invertebrados Nativos, Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes, 2160, CABA, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes, 2160, CABA, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Luquet
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (CONICET-UNCo), ruta provincial 61, km 3, CCP 7, Junín de los Andes, 8371, Neuquén, Argentina.
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10
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Duan Y, Xiong D, Wang Y, Dong H, Huang J, Zhang J. Effects of Microcystis aeruginosa and microcystin-LR on intestinal histology, immune response, and microbial community in Litopenaeus vannamei. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114774. [PMID: 32485489 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa (MA) is a primary hazardous cyanobacteria species in aquatic ecosystems that can produce microcystin-LR (MC-LR), which harms aquatic animals. The intestine is an important target tissue for MA and MC-LR. In this study, we investigated the effects of MA and MC-LR exposure on the intestinal microbiota variation and immune responses of Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimp were experimentally exposed to MA and MC-LR for 72 h. The results showed that both MA and MC-LR exposure caused marked histological variation and apoptosis characteristics and increased oxidative stress in the intestine. Furthermore, the relative expression levels of antimicrobial peptide genes (ALF, Crus, Pen-3) decreased, while those of pro-inflammatory cytokines (MyD88, Rel, TNF-a), a pattern-recognition receptor (TLR4) and a mediator of apoptosis (Casp-3) increased. MA and MC-LR exposure also caused intestinal microbiota variation, including decreasing microbial diversity and disturbing microbial composition. Specifically, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria decreased in the two stress groups; that of Bacteroidetes decreased in the MA group but increased in the MC-LR group, while Tenericutes varied inversely with Bacteroidetes. Our results indicate that MA and MC-LR exposure causes intestinal histopathological and microbiota variations and induces oxidative stress and immune responses in L. vannamei. In conclusion, this study reveals the negative effects of MA and MC-LR on the intestinal health of shrimp, which should be considered in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China
| | - Dalin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China
| | - Hongbiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, 518121, PR China
| | - Jiasong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China.
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11
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Painefilú JC, Pascual MM, Bieczynski F, Laspoumaderes C, González C, Villanueva SSM, Luquet CM. Ex vivo and in vivo effects of arsenite on GST and ABCC2 activity and expression in the middle intestine of the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 225:108566. [PMID: 31301398 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In fish of freshwaters environments, the accumulation and toxic effects of arsenite (AsIII) can be attenuated by detoxification proteins such as GST and ABCC transporters. We studied the effects of AsIII on the middle intestine of O. mykiss in ex-vivo and in vivo/ex vivo assays. For the ex vivo assays, we measured the transport rate of the ABCC substrate DNP-SG and GST activity in intestinal strips and everted sacs. AsIII inhibited DNP-SG transport in a concentration-dependent manner, specifically when we applied it on the basolateral side. GST activity increased when we applied a maximum concentration of AsIII. For the in vivo/ex vivo assays, we kept fish in water with or without 7.7 μmol L-1 of AsIII for 48 h. Then, we measured DNP-SG transport rate, GST activity, and PP1 activity in intestine strips during one hour. For PP1 activity, we incubated the strips with or without microcystin-LR (MCLR), a toxin excreted through ABCC2 proteins. We also analyzed Abcc2 and Gst-π mRNA expression in intestine and liver tissue. In the group exposed in vivo to AsIII, DNP-SG transport rate and GST activity were higher and the effect of MCLR over PP1 activity was attenuated. AsIII significantly induced only Abcc2 mRNA expression in both middle intestine and liver. Our results suggest that, in the middle intestine of O. mykiss, AsIII is absorbed mainly at the basolateral side of the enterocytes, excreted to the lumen by ABCC2 transporters, and is capable of modulating Abcc2 mRNA expression by a transcriptional mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Painefilú
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCo) - CEAN, ruta provincial no. 61, km 3, CCP 7, Junín de los Andes, 8371 Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Mariano M Pascual
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCo) - CEAN, ruta provincial no. 61, km 3, CCP 7, Junín de los Andes, 8371 Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Flavia Bieczynski
- Instituto de Biotecnologia Agropecuaria del Comahue, Sub-Sede Ibac, CITAAC (CONICET-UNCo) Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400. Neuquén 8300, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Laspoumaderes
- Laboratorio de Limnología, INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, 8400, San Carlos de Bariloche, Rìo Negro, Argentina; Shelf Sea System Ecology, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Carolina González
- C I Agua y Saneamientos Argentinos, Tucumán 752, 1049 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Limnología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Argentina
| | - Silvina S M Villanueva
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, IFISE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceúticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, 2000, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Luquet
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCo) - CEAN, ruta provincial no. 61, km 3, CCP 7, Junín de los Andes, 8371 Neuquén, Argentina.
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12
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Assef YA, Di Prinzio CY, Horak CN. Differential activities of the multixenobiotic resistance mechanism in freshwater fishes inhabiting environments of Patagonia Argentina. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 217:32-40. [PMID: 30500451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Environmental impairment resulted from urbanizations can produce damage on freshwater species including strong physiological effects at individual or population level. The multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) is a defence mechanism which has been demonstrated in several aquatic organisms. The key mediators of MXR activity are ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins like P-glycoprotein (P-gp). This system protects aquatic organisms against the accumulation of xenobiotics by extruding them from cells in an energy-dependent manner. MXR has been pointed out as relevant in the ecotoxicological context and has been proposed as a biomarker for pollution assessment. Since fish species are common target in freshwater biomonitoring programs, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the MXR mechanism in native Hatcheria macraei (Patagonian catfish) and exotics Salmo trutta (brown trout), Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) and Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Chinook salmon) freshwater fishes widespread in Argentine Patagonia. We characterized the MXR mechanism using a combination of functional assays and Western blot analysis. Our results in different tissues such as liver, gills, muscle and epidermis indicate that the fishes studied have different species-specific levels of MXR activity, being gills and liver the tissues with greater detoxifying activity. Induction of MXR transport activity was also identified in liver tissue from rainbow trout from urban stream suggesting their suitability in the biomonitoring of aquatic environments subjected to urban contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina A Assef
- Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP), CONICET-UNPSJB, Roca 780, 9200 Esquel, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), 9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina.
| | - Cecilia Y Di Prinzio
- Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP), CONICET-UNPSJB, Roca 780, 9200 Esquel, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), 9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Cristina N Horak
- Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP), CONICET-UNPSJB, Roca 780, 9200 Esquel, Argentina
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13
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Wang Q, Liu Y, Guo J, Lin S, Wang Y, Yin T, Gregersen H, Hu T, Wang G. Microcystin-LR induces angiodysplasia and vascular dysfunction through promoting cell apoptosis by the mitochondrial signaling pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 218:438-448. [PMID: 30485828 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The harmful algal blooms are becoming increasingly problematic in the regions that drinking water production depends on surface waters. With a global occurrence, microcystins are toxic peptides produced by multiple cyanobacterial genera in the harmful algal blooms. In this study, we examined the effects of microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a representative toxin of the microcystin family, on vascular development in zebrafish and the apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In zebrafish larvae, MC-LR induced angiodysplasia, damaged vascular structures and reduced lumen size at 0.1 μM and 1 μM, leading to the decrease of the blood flow area in the blood vessels and brain hemorrhage, which showed that MC-LR could dose-dependently inhibit vascular development and cause vascular dysfunction. In MC-LR treated HUVECs, the proportion of early apoptosis and late apoptosis cells increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Different concentrations of MC-LR could also activate caspase 3/9 in HUVECs, increase the level of mitochondrial ROS and reduce mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, MC-LR could promote the expression of p53 and inhibit the expression of PCNA. The findings showed that MC-LR could promote apoptosis of HUVECs through the mitochondrial signaling pathway. Combined with these results, MC-LR may promote vascular endothelial cell apoptosis through mitochondrial signaling pathway, leading to angiodysplasia and vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants (Chongqing), Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yuanli Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants (Chongqing), Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jingsong Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Song Lin
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants (Chongqing), Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yeqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants (Chongqing), Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Tieying Yin
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants (Chongqing), Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Hans Gregersen
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants (Chongqing), Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Tingzhang Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants (Chongqing), Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants (Chongqing), Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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14
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Li J, Chen C, Zhang T, Liu W, Wang L, Chen Y, Wu L, Hegazy AM, El-Sayed AF, Zhang X. μEvaluation of microcystin-LR absorption using an in vivo intestine model and its effect on zebrafish intestine. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 206:186-194. [PMID: 30496952 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is regarded as one of the most toxic microcystins (MCs) isoforms. Microcystins could cause multiple organs dysfunction, and more attention has been drawn to the toxic effects on the gastrointestinal disorder. By using ex vivo everted gut sac model in 6 fish (Carassius auratus, Megalobrama amblycephala, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Aristichthys nobilis, Ctenopharyngodon idellus and Cyprinus carpio) and determining the accumulation of MC-LR in zebrafish intestine, we found a dose-dependent manner in the absorption and accumulation of MC-LR. Until now, little studies have been reported concerning the gut microbiota composition caused by different MC-LR exposure. The present study is the first time characterized the phylogenetic composition and taxonomic of the bacterial communities growth in the intestines of zebrafish treated with MC-LR using 16S rRNA pyrosequencing. After 30 days of treatment with 0, 1, 5 or 20 μg/L MC-LR, the alpha and beta diversity did not generate significant differences, indicating the existence of a core microbiota. However, db-RDA analysis showed that treatment with 20 μg/L MC-LR changed the characteristics of high abundances microbiota. The expression of Oatp2b1, stress related enzyme activities in gut and their associations with gut microbiota were also determined. The identified phylotypes including Actinobacteria, Lactobacillus and some opportunistic pathogens highlight the increasing risks of pathogen invasion and recovery tendency via potential probiotics resistance in zebrafish exposed to MC-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuanyue Chen
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tongzhou Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wanjing Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lei Wu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Abeer M Hegazy
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China; Central Laboratory for Environmental Quality Monitoring "CLEQM" National Water Research Center "NWRC" Cairo, Egypt
| | - A F El-Sayed
- Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Xuezhen Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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15
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Wu JX, Huang H, Yang L, Zhang XF, Zhang SS, Liu HH, Wang YQ, Yuan L, Cheng XM, Zhuang DG, Zhang HZ. Gastrointestinal toxicity induced by microcystins. World J Clin Cases 2018; 6:344-354. [PMID: 30283797 PMCID: PMC6163130 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i10.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are produced by certain bloom-forming cyanobacteria that can induce toxicity in various organs, including renal toxicity, reproductive toxicity, cardiotoxicity, and immunosuppressive effects. It has been a significant global environmental issue due to its harm to the aquatic environment and human health. Numerous investigators have demonstrated that MC exposure can induce a widespread epidemic of enterogastritis with symptoms similar to food poisoning in areas close to lakes. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have provided evidence of positive associations between MC exposure and gastrointestinal toxicity. The toxicity of MCs on the gastrointestinal tract is multidimensional. MCs can affect gastrointestinal barrier function and shift the structure of gut microbiota in different gut regions. Furthermore, MCs can inhibit the secretion of gastrointestinal digestive enzymes and the release of inflammatory cytokines, which affects the expression of immune-related genes in the intestine. The damage of the intestine is closely correlated to MC exposure because the intestine is the main site for the digestion and absorption of nutrients. The damage to the gastrointestinal tract due to MCs was summarized from different aspects, which can be used as a foundation for further exploration of molecular damage mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xia Wu
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Nutriology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Nutriology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Shen-Shen Zhang
- Department of Nutriology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Hao-Hao Liu
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Yue-Qin Wang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Le Yuan
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Xue-Min Cheng
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Dong-Gang Zhuang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
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16
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Lin H, Liu Y, Tan Y, Lin J, Gao F, Lin S. Alpha2,3-sialyltransferase III knockdown sensitized ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:758-763. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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