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Haroun M, Fesatidou M, Petrou A, Tratrat C, Zagaliotis P, Gavalas A, Venugopala KN, Kochkar H, Emeka PM, Younis NS, Elmaghraby DA, Almostafa MM, Chohan MS, Vizirianakis IS, Papadimitriou-Tsantarliotou A, Geronikaki A. Identification of Novel Cyclooxygenase-1 Selective Inhibitors of Thiadiazole-Based Scaffold as Potent Anti-Inflammatory Agents with Safety Gastric and Cytotoxic Profile. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083416. [PMID: 37110650 PMCID: PMC10142904 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Major obstacles faced by the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are their gastrointestinal toxicity induced by non-selective inhibition of both cyclooxygenases (COX) 1 and 2 and their cardiotoxicity associated with a certain class of COX-2 selective inhibitors. Recent studies have demonstrated that selective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition generates compounds with no gastric damage. The aim of the current study is to develop novel anti-inflammatory agents with a better gastric profile. In our previous paper, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of 4-methylthiazole-based thiazolidinones. Thus, based on these observations, herein we report the evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity, drug action, ulcerogenicity and cytotoxicity of a series of 5-adamantylthiadiazole-based thiazolidinone derivatives. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity revealed that the compounds possessed moderate to excellent anti-inflammatory activity. Four compounds 3, 4, 10 and 11 showed highest potency (62.0, 66.7, 55.8 and 60.0%, respectively), which was higher than the control drug indomethacin (47.0%). To determine their possible mode of action, the enzymatic assay was conducted against COX-1, COX-2 and LOX. The biological results demonstrated that these compounds are effective COX-1 inhibitors. Thus, the IC50 values of the three most active compounds 3, 4 and 14 as COX-1 inhibitors were 1.08, 1.12 and 9.62 μΜ, respectively, compared to ibuprofen (12.7 μΜ) and naproxen (40.10 μΜ) used as control drugs. Moreover, the ulcerogenic effect of the best compounds 3, 4 and 14 were evaluated and revealed that no gastric damage was observed. Furthermore, compounds were found to be nontoxic. A molecular modeling study provided molecular insight to rationalize the COX selectivity. In summary, we discovered a novel class of selective COX-1 inhibitors that could be effectively used as potential anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelyne Haroun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Fesatidou
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anthi Petrou
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christophe Tratrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Panagiotis Zagaliotis
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Antonis Gavalas
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katharigatta N Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Hafedh Kochkar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Promise M Emeka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nancy S Younis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Ahmed Elmaghraby
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mervt M Almostafa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Chohan
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ioannis S Vizirianakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Athina Geronikaki
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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2
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Mirjafary Z, Mohammad Karbasi M, Hesamzadeh P, Shaker HR, Amiri A, Saeidian H. Novel 1,2,3-Triazole-Based Benzothiazole Derivatives: Efficient Synthesis, DFT, Molecular Docking, and ADMET Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:8555. [PMID: 36500647 PMCID: PMC9740823 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives 5a-f based on benzothiazole were synthesized by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of S-propargyl mercaptobenzothiazole and α-halo ester/amide in moderate to good yields (47-75%). The structure of all products was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and CHN elemental data. This protocol is easy and green and proceeds under mild and green reaction conditions with available starting materials. The structural and electronic analysis and 1H and 13C chemical shifts of the characterized structure of 5e were also calculated by applying the B3LYP/6-31 + G(d, p) level of density functional theory (DFT) method. In the final section, all the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity by biochemical COX-2 inhibition, antifungal inhibition with CYP51, anti-tuberculosis target protein ENR, DPRE1, pks13, and Thymidylate kinase by molecular docking studies. The ADMET analysis of the molecules 5a-f revealed that 5d and 5a are the most-promising drug-like molecules out of the six synthesized molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Mirjafary
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 14515-775, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Mohammad Karbasi
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 14515-775, Iran
| | - Parsa Hesamzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 14515-775, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Shaker
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 14515-775, Iran
| | - Asghar Amiri
- Department of Science, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran P.O. Box 19395-4697, Iran
| | - Hamid Saeidian
- Department of Science, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran P.O. Box 19395-4697, Iran
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3
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Patil MV, Mhaldar PM, Shukla M, Srivastva AN, Pore DM. Imidazole-Based Bronsted Acidic Surfactant: A Novel Regioselective Catalytic System for Making of 2-Aryl-1,2-Dihydrothiazolo[3,2-b][1, 2, 4]Triazol-6(5 H)-Ones. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2118327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri V. Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India
| | | | - Madhulata Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, G.B. College, Ramgarh, Kaimur, Veer Kunwar Singh University, Bihar, India
| | - Abhay N. Srivastva
- Department of Chemistry, Nitishwar College (a Constituent Unit of B.R.A. Bihar, University), Muzaffarpur, India
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4
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Selmi A, Said K, Nasri S, Tachoua W. Crystal Structure, Magnetic Study, and Antidiabetic Activity of Ni(II) Complex with N,O‐Donors Ligands. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.202200102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Selmi
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials Faculty of Sciences of Monastir University of Monastir Monastir 5019 Tunisia
| | - Khemais Said
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory (LR17/ES08) Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences of Sfax University of Sfax Sfax 3018 Tunisia
| | - Saber Nasri
- Laboratory of Spectroscopic Characterization and Optical Materials, Physics Department Faculty of Science of Sfax University of Sfax Sfax 3018 Tunisia
| | - Wafa Tachoua
- Laboratory Nature and Life Sciences Department Benyoucef Benkhedda University Didouche Mourad Algiers 16000 Algeria
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5
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Liu Z, Dang K, Gao J, Fan P, Li C, Wang H, Li H, Deng X, Gao Y, Qian A. Toxicity prediction of 1,2,4-triazoles compounds by QSTR and interspecies QSTTR models. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113839. [PMID: 35816839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
1,2,4-triazole derivatives exhibit various biological activities, including antibacterial and antifungal properties. On the other hand, these chemicals may have unique cumulative and harmful effects on living organisms. The goal of this work is to use quantitative structure-toxicity relationship (QSTR) and interspecies quantitative toxicity-toxicity relationship (iQSTTR) models to predict the acute toxicity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives. The QSTR models were generated by multiple linear regression (MLR) following the OECD recommendations for QSAR model development and validation. The iQSTTR models were constructed using data on acute oral toxicity in rats and mice, as well as the 2D descriptor. The application domain (AD) analysis was used to identify model outliers and determine if the forecast was credible. Six QSTR models were successfully constructed in rats and mice using various delivery methods, and the scatter plots demonstrated excellent consistency across training and test sets. According to external and internal validation criteria, all six QSTR models may be broadly accepted; however, the orally administered mice model was the optimum one among the six species. Several chemicals with leverage values above the requirements were identified as response or structural outliers in the training sets for six QSTR and two iQSTTR models. All outliers, however, fell slightly outside the threshold or had low prediction errors, which may have had little impact on the capacity to forecast and were therefore preserved in the final models. In fact, neither the QSTR nor the iQSTTR test sets contained any response outliers. Additionally, all external and internal validation results for the iQSTTR models were approved, with the iQSTTR models outperforming the comparable QSTR models, which are deemed more dependable. The QSTR and iQSTTR models performed well in predicting toxicity using test sets, which would be beneficial in evaluating and synthesizing newly discovered 1,2,4-triazoles derivatives with low toxicity and environmental hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Liu
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Toxicology Research Center, Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Kai Dang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Junhong Gao
- Toxicology Research Center, Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Peng Fan
- Toxicology Research Center, Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Cunzhi Li
- Toxicology Research Center, Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Toxicology Research Center, Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Huan Li
- Toxicology Research Center, Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Xiaoni Deng
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Yongchao Gao
- Toxicology Research Center, Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Airong Qian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
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6
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Ezz Eldin RR, Saleh MA, Alotaibi MH, Alsuair RK, Alzahrani YA, Alshehri FA, Mohamed AF, Hafez SM, Althoqapy AA, Khirala SK, Amin MM, A. F Y, AbdElwahab AH, Alesawy MS, Elmaaty AA, Al-Karmalawy AA. Ligand-based design and synthesis of N'-Benzylidene-3,4-dimethoxybenzohydrazide derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents; evaluation by in vitro, in vivo, and in silico approaches with SAR studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1098-1119. [PMID: 35430934 PMCID: PMC9037180 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2063282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rogy R. Ezz Eldin
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Marwa A. Saleh
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Hayal Alotaibi
- National Center for Chemical Technologies, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem K. Alsuair
- National Center for Chemical Technologies, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya A. Alzahrani
- National Center for Chemical Technologies, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras A. Alshehri
- National Center for Chemical Technologies, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany F. Mohamed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa M. Hafez
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza Ali Althoqapy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Seham K. Khirala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona M. Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yousuf A. F
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza H. AbdElwahab
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Alesawy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al‐Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman Abo Elmaaty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
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7
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Venkatesham P, Shyam P, Pooja, Chedupaka R, Vedula RR. Facile One-Pot Multi-Component Synthesis, Characterization, Molecular Docking Studies, Biological Evaluation of 1,2,4-Triazolo Isoindoline-1,3-Diones and Their DFT Calculations. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2042333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Papisetti Venkatesham
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Perugu Shyam
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Pooja
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Raju Chedupaka
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Rajeswar Rao Vedula
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, India
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8
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Slivka M, Fizer M, Mariychuk R, Ostafin M, Moyzesh O, Koval G, Kamoshenkova OH, Rusyn I, l Lendel V. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of functional derivatives of thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazoles. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666220110145659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Condensed triazoles are a well-known class of heterocyclic compounds due to a wide range of biological activity. The study is dedicated to the evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of new functional derivatives of thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazoles.
Methods:
Effective, easy-to-implement and low-cost routes to the production of title compounds via electrophilic intramolecular heterocyclization are reported. Bactericidal and fungicidal activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and fungus were studied. The influence of functional groups on the biological activity of tested thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazoles is discussed.
Results:
Microbiological evaluation shows that 6-[(trichlorotellanyl)methyl]-[1,3]thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazol-3-amine hydrogen chloride 2a and 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[(trichloro-λ4-tellanyl)methyl]-5,6-dihydro-[1,3]thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazole 2g have a high bactericidal activity and Cu (I) salts of 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-iodomethyl/6-methylidene-5,6-dihydro-[1,3]thiazolo-[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazoles 5a,c have a high fungicidal activity.
Conclusion:
it must be concluded that these products or their derivatives may be of practical benefit as bactericidal and fungicidal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhailo Slivka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
| | - Maksym Fizer
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
| | - Ruslan Mariychuk
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanity and Natural Sciences, University of Presov in Presov, Presov, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Ostafin
- Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Olexander Moyzesh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
| | - Galyna Koval
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
| | | | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
| | - Vasy l Lendel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
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Tratrat C. 1,2,4-Triazole: A Privileged Scaffold for the Development of Potent Antifungal Agents - A Brief Review. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:2235-2258. [PMID: 32621720 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200704140107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, a tremendous rise in invasive fungal infection diseases attributed to the yeast Candida albicans in immunocompromised individuals poses a seriously challenging issue. Another concern is the emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens to the existing medicines due to their overuse and misuse. It was recently reported that 25-55% of the mortality rate is caused by invasive infection. Despite a large variety of drugs being available to treat invasive candidiasis, only two of them contain a 1,2,4-triazole core, namely Fluconazole and itraconazole, which are efficient in treating infection induced by fungal Candida species. Moreover, long-term therapy associated with azole medications has led to an increase in azole resistance as well as a high risk of toxicity. Despite numerous outstanding achievements in antifungal drug discovery, development of novel, safer and potent antifungal agents while overcoming the resistance problem associated with the current drugs is becoming the main focus of medicinal chemists. Therefore, this review outlines the breakthroughs in medicinal chemistry research regarding 1,2,4- triazole-based derivatives as potential antifungal agents in the past decade. In addition, the structureactivity relationship of these compounds is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Tratrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Synthesis, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities, molecular docking, and computational studies of novel heterocycles. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Holota S, Komykhov S, Sysak S, Gzella A, Cherkas A, Lesyk R. Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Novel 5-Ene-thiazolo[3,2- b][1,2,4]triazole-6(5 H)-ones as Possible Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:1162. [PMID: 33671733 PMCID: PMC7926352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper is devoted to the search for drug-like molecules with anticancer properties using the thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazole-6-one scaffold. A series of 24 novel thiazolo-[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazole-6-ones with 5-aryl(heteryl)idene- and 5-aminomethylidene-moieties has been synthesized employing three-component and three-stage synthetic protocols. A mixture of Z/E-isomers was obtained in solution for the synthesized 5-aminomethylidene-thiazolo[3,2-b]-[1,2,4]triazole-6-ones. The compounds have been studied for their antitumor activity in the NCI 60 lines screen. Some compounds present excellent anticancer properties at 10 μM. Derivatives 2h and 2i were the most active against cancer cell lines without causing toxicity to normal somatic (HEK293) cells. A preliminary SAR study had been performed for the synthesized compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Holota
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine;
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmacy, Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Volya Avenue 13, 43025 Lutsk, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy Komykhov
- State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals”, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauky Ave 60, 61072 Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Applied Chemistry Department, Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody Sq. 4, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Stepan Sysak
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Andrzej Gzella
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Andriy Cherkas
- Department of Internal Medicine #1, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine; or
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine;
- Department of Public Health, Dietetics and Lifestyle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland
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New Substituted 5-Benzylideno-2-Adamantylthiazol[3,2-b][1,2,4]Triazol-6(5 H)ones as Possible Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030659. [PMID: 33513963 PMCID: PMC7866232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammation is a complex response to noxious stimuli promoted by the release of chemical mediators from the damaged cells. Metabolic products of arachidonic acid, produced by the action of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, play important roles in this process. Several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs act as cyclooxygenase inhibitors. However, almost all of them have undesired side effects. Methods: Prediction of the anti-inflammatory action of the compounds was performed using PASS Program. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the carrageenan paw edema test. COX and LOX inhibitory actions were tested using ovine COX-1, human recombinant COX-2 and soybean LOX-1, respectively. Docking analysis was performed using Autodock. Results: All designed derivatives had good prediction results according to PASS and were synthesized and experimentally evaluated. The compounds exhibited in vivo anti-inflammatory action with eleven being equal or better than indomethacin. Although, some of them had no or low inhibitory effect on COX-1/2 or LOX, certain compounds exhibited COX-1 inhibition much higher than naproxen and COX-2 inhibition, well explained by Docking analysis. Conclusions: A number of compounds with good anti-inflammatory action were obtained. Although, some exhibited remarkable COX inhibitory action this activity did not follow the anti-inflammatory results, indicating the implication of other mechanisms.
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Turk-Erbul B, Karaman EF, Duran GN, Ozbil M, Ozden S, Goktas F. Synthesis, in vitro cytotoxic and apoptotic effects, and molecular docking study of novel adamantane derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2000256. [PMID: 33410150 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
[4-(Adamantane-1-carboxamido)-3-oxo-1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-yl]acetic acid (4a) and [4-(adamantane-1-carboxamido)-8-nonsubstituted/substituted-3-oxo-1-thia-4-azas-piro[4.5]decane-2-yl]acetic acid (4b-g) derivatives were synthesized; their structures were verified by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13 C NMR, and mass spectroscopy data; and their in vitro cytotoxicity activities were investigated against human hepatocellular carcinoma, human prostate adenocarcinoma, and human lung carcinoma cell lines (HepG2, PC-3, and A549, respectively), and a mouse fibroblast cell line (NIH/3T3). All compounds, except compound 4e, were found as cytotoxic, especially on A549 cells as compared with the other cells (selectivity index = 2.01-11.6). As a further step, the effects of compounds 4a-c on apoptosis induction were tested and the expression of selected apoptosis genes was analyzed. Among the selected compounds, compound 4a induced apoptosis remarkably. Moreover, computational calculations of the binding of compounds 4a-c to the BIR3 domain of the human inhibitor of apoptosis protein revealed ligand-protein interactions at the atomistic level and emphasized the importance of a hydrophobic moiety on the ligands for better binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Turk-Erbul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ecem F Karaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem N Duran
- Department of Chemistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ozbil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Sibel Ozden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fusun Goktas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Haroun M, Tratrat C, Petrou A, Geronikaki A, Ivanov M, Ciric A, Sokovic M. 2-Aryl-3-(6-trifluoromethoxy)benzo[d]thiazole-based thiazolidinone hybrids as potential anti-infective agents: Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 32:127718. [PMID: 33253880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The search for new antimicrobial agents is greater than ever due to the perpetual threat of multidrug resistance in known pathogens and the relentless emergence of new infections. In this manuscript, ten thiazole-based thiazolidinone hybrids bearing a 6-trifluoromethoxy substituent on the benzothiazole core were synthesized and evaluated against a panel of four bacterial strains Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes and three resistant strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli and MRSA. The evaluation of minimum bactericidal and minimum inhibitory concentrations was accomplished by microdilution assay. As reference compounds ampicillin and streptomycin were employed. All compounds displayed antibacterial efficiencies with MBCs/MICs at 0.25-1 mg/mL and 0.12-1 mg/mL respectively while ampicillin displayed MBCs/MICs at 0.15-0.3 mg/mL and at 0.1-0.2 mg/mL respectively. MICs/MBC of streptomycin varied from 0.05 to 0.15 mg/mL and from 0.1 to 0.3 mg/mL respectively. The best overall effect was observed for compound h4, while compound h1 exhibited the highest effective action against E. coli (MIC/MBC 0.12/0.25 mg/ml) among all tested compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelyne Haroun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Christophe Tratrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anthi Petrou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Pharmacy, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Pharmacy, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
| | - Marina Ivanov
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Siniša, Stanković-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Ciric
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Siniša, Stanković-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Sokovic
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Siniša, Stanković-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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15
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Haroun M. In Silico Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Series of Benzothiazole- Based Pyrazolidinediones as Potent Hypoglycemic Agents. Med Chem 2020; 16:812-825. [DOI: 10.2174/1573406416666191227113716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The discovery of novel ligand binding domain (LBD) of peroxisome proliferator-
activated receptor γ (PPARγ) has recently attracted attention to few research groups in order
to develop more potent and safer antidiabetic agents.
Objective:
This study is focused on docking-based design and synthesis of novel compounds combining
benzothiazole and pyrazolidinedione scaffold as potential antidiabetic agents.
Methods:
Several benzothiazole-pyrazolidinedione hybrids were synthesized and tested for their in
vivo anti-hyperglycemic activity. Interactions profile of title compounds against PPARγ was examined
through molecular modelling approach.
Results:
All tested compounds exhibited anti-hyperglycemic activity similar or superior to the reference
drug Rosiglitazone. Introducing chlorine atom and alkyl group at position-6 and -5 respectively
on benzothiazole core resulted in enhancing the anti-hyperglycemic effect. Docking study
revealed that such groups demonstrated favorable hydrophobic interactions with novel LBD Ω-
pocket of PPARγ protein.
Conclusion:
Among the tested compounds, N-(6-chloro-5-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl-4-(4((3,5-
dioxopyrazolidin-4-ylidene)methyl)phenoxy)butanamide 5b was found to be the most potent compound
and provided valuable insights to further develop novel hybrids as anti-hyperglycemic
agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelyne Haroun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Slivka MV, Korol NI, Fizer MM. Fused bicyclic 1,2,4‐triazoles with one extra sulfur atom: Synthesis, properties, and biological activity. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhailo V. Slivka
- Organic Chemistry DepartmentUzhhorod National University Uzhhorod Ukraine
| | - Natalia I. Korol
- Organic Chemistry DepartmentUzhhorod National University Uzhhorod Ukraine
| | - Maksym M. Fizer
- Organic Chemistry DepartmentUzhhorod National University Uzhhorod Ukraine
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17
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Fesatidou M, Petrou A, Athina G. Heterocycle Compounds with Antimicrobial Activity. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:867-904. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200206093815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background:Bacterial infections are a growing problem worldwide causing morbidity and mortality mainly in developing countries. Moreover, the increased number of microorganisms, developing multiple resistances to known drugs, due to abuse of antibiotics, is another serious problem. This problem becomes more serious for immunocompromised patients and those who are often disposed to opportunistic fungal infections.Objective:The objective of this manuscript is to give an overview of new findings in the field of antimicrobial agents among five-membered heterocyclic compounds. These heterocyclic compounds especially five-membered attracted the interest of the scientific community not only for their occurrence in nature but also due to their wide range of biological activities.Method:To reach our goal, a literature survey that covers the last decade was performed.Results:As a result, recent data on the biological activity of thiazole, thiazolidinone, benzothiazole and thiadiazole derivatives are mentioned.Conclusion:It should be mentioned that despite the progress in the development of new antimicrobial agents, there is still room for new findings. Thus, research still continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fesatidou
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Anthi Petrou
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Geronikaki Athina
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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18
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Haroun M. Novel Hybrids of Pyrazolidinedione and Benzothiazole as TZD Analogues. Rationale Design, Synthesis and In Vivo Anti-Diabetic Evaluation. Med Chem 2019; 15:624-633. [PMID: 31113352 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190515093657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of new classes of blood glucose-lowering medications has increased the number of treatment opportunities available for type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, long term complicated treatments and side effects of available antidiabetic therapies have urged huge demands for effective affordable anti-diabetic agents that can lessen negative health consequences. In this sense, the exploration of alternative medicinal remedies associated with new significant antidiabetic efficiencies with minimized adverse effects is an active domain of research. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to synthesize a series of benzothiazole-pyrazolidinedione hybrids and evaluate their antidiabetic activity along with molecular docking and in silico analysis. METHODS The hybrids were synthesized by a multi-step synthesis and were further subjected for in vivo anti-hyperglycemic assessment on rat models of type II diabetes. Molecular modelling study was undertaken against peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) to highlight possible key interactions. RESULTS Docking studies revealed that appropriate substituents on benzothiazole ring interacted favorably with the hydrophobic Ω-pocket of PPARγ binding site resulting in improving their antihyperglycemic activity. All the synthesized hybrids manifested promising anti-hyperglycemic potency. Excitingly, 5a, 5b and 5c were even more potent than the standard drug. CONCLUSION The newly synthesized hybrids can be considered as a new class of antidiabetic agents and this study provided useful information on further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelyne Haroun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Kartsev V, Shikhaliev KS, Geronikaki A, Medvedeva SM, Ledenyova IV, Krysin MY, Petrou A, Ciric A, Glamoclija J, Sokovic M. Appendix A. dithioloquinolinethiones as new potential multitargeted antibacterial and antifungal agents: Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 175:201-214. [PMID: 31078867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the design, synthesis, molecular docking study and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of ten new dithioloquinolinethiones. The structures of compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HPLC-HRMS. Before evaluation of their possible antimicrobial activity prediction of toxicity was performed. All compounds showed antibacterial activity against eight Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial species. All compounds appeared to be more active than ampicillin and almost all than streptomycin. The best antibacterial activity was observed for compound 8c 4,4,8-trimethyl-5-{[(4-phenyl-5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio]acetyl}-4,5-dihydro-1H-[1,2]dithiolo[3,4c]quino lone-1-thione). The most sensitive bacterium En.cloacae followed by S. aureus, while L.monocytogenes was the most resistant. All compounds were tested for antifungal activity also against eight fungal species. The best activity was expressed by compound 8d (5-[(4,5-Dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-ylthio)acetyl]-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-[1,2]dithiolo[3,4-c]quinoline-1-thione). The most sensitive fungal was T. viride, while P. verrucosum var. cyclopium was the most resistant one. All compounds were more potent as antifungal agent than reference compound bifonazole and ketoconazole. The docking studies indicated a probable involvement of E. coli DNA GyrB inhibition in the anti-bacterial mechanism, while CYP51ca inhibition is probably responsible for antifungal activity of tested compounds. It is interesting to mention that docking results coincides with experimental.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khidmet S Shikhaliev
- Department of organic chemistry, Faculty of chemistry, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, 394018, Russian Federation
| | - A Geronikaki
- Aristotle University, School of Pharmacy, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
| | - Svetlana M Medvedeva
- Department of organic chemistry, Faculty of chemistry, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, 394018, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V Ledenyova
- Department of organic chemistry, Faculty of chemistry, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, 394018, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Yu Krysin
- Department of organic chemistry, Faculty of chemistry, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, 394018, Russian Federation
| | - A Petrou
- Aristotle University, School of Pharmacy, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - A Ciric
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana, Serbia
| | - J Glamoclija
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana, Serbia
| | - M Sokovic
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana, Serbia
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20
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Djukic M, Fesatidou M, Xenikakis I, Geronikaki A, Angelova VT, Savic V, Pasic M, Krilovic B, Djukic D, Gobeljic B, Pavlica M, Djuric A, Stanojevic I, Vojvodic D, Saso L. In vitro antioxidant activity of thiazolidinone derivatives of 1,3-thiazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 286:119-131. [PMID: 29574026 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The initial steps in preclinical drug developing research concern the synthesis of new compounds for specific therapeutic use which needs to be confirmed by in vitro and then in vivo testing. Nine thiazolidinone derivatives (numerically labeled 1-9) classified as follows: 1,3-thiazole-based compounds (1 and 2); 1,3,4-thiadiazole based compounds (3 and 4); substituted 5-benzylideno-2-adamantylthiazol[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazol-6(5H)ones (5-8); and an ethylaminothiazole-based chalcone (9), were tested for antioxidant activity (AOA) by using three in vitro assays: DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging capacity test); FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power test); and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances test). Compounds 1-4 and 9 in particular are newly synthesized compounds. Also, traditional antioxidants Vitamins E and C and α-lipoic acid (α-LA) were tested. The results of DPPH testing: Vitamin C 94.35%, Vitamin E 2.99% and α-LA 1.57%; compounds: 4 33.98%; 2 18.73%; 1 15.62%; 5 6.59%; 3 4.99%; 6-9 demonstrated almost no AOA. The results of TBARS testing (% of LPO inhibition): Vitamin C 62.32%; Vitamin E 36.29%; α-LA 51.36%; compounds: 1 62.11%; 5 66.71%; 9 60.93%; 4, 6 and 7 demonstrated ∼50%; 3 and 8 displayed ∼38%; 2 23.51%. By FRAP method, Vitamins E and C showed equal AOA, ∼100%, unlike α-LA (no AOA), and AOA of the tested compounds (expressed as a fraction of the AOA of Vitamin C) were: 2 and 4-75%; 8, 3 and 1-45%; 5-7 and 9-27%. Different red-ox reaction principles between these assays dictate different AOA outcomes for a single compound. Vitamin C appeared to be the superior antioxidant out of the traditional antioxidants; and compound 4 was superior to other tested thiazolidinone derivatives. Vitamin C appeared to be the superior antioxidant out of the traditional antioxidants; and compound 4 was superior to other tested thiazolidinone derivatives. Phenyl-functionalized benzylidene, amino-carbonyl functional domains and chelating ligand properties of the thiazolidinone derivatives correlated with AOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Djukic
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Mara Fesatidou
- Laboratory of Pharm. Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Iakovos Xenikakis
- Laboratory of Pharm. Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- Laboratory of Pharm. Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Violina T Angelova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Dunav 2, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vladimir Savic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marta Pasic
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav Krilovic
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan Djukic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr.Subotica 8, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Borko Gobeljic
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Pavlica
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr.Subotica 8, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djuric
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Stanojevic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danilo Vojvodic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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