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Barreiro E, Bustamante V, Curull V, Gea J, López-Campos JL, Muñoz X. Relationships between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer: biological insights. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:E1122-E1135. [PMID: 27867578 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.09.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) has become one of the leading causes of preventable death in the last few decades. Cigarette smoking (CS) stays as the main etiologic factor of LC despite that many other causes such as occupational exposures, air pollution, asbestos, or radiation have also been implicated. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which also represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries, exhibit a significantly greater risk of LC. The study of the underlying biological mechanisms that may predispose patients with chronic respiratory diseases to a higher incidence of LC has also gained much attention in the last few years. The present review has been divided into three major sections in which different aspects have been addressed: (I) relevant etiologic agents of LC; (II) studies confirming the hypothesis that COPD patients are exposed to a greater risk of developing LC; and (III) evidence on the most relevant underlying biological mechanisms that support the links between COPD and LC. Several carcinogenic agents have been described in the last decades but CS remains to be the leading etiologic agent in most geographical regions in which the incidence of LC is very high. Growing evidence has put the line forward the implications of COPD and especially of emphysema in LC development. Hence, COPD represents a major risk factor of LC in patients. Different avenues of research have demonstrated the presence of relevant biological mechanisms that may predispose COPD patients to develop LC. Importantly, the so far identified biological mechanisms offer targets for the design of specific therapeutic strategies that will further the current treatment options for patients with LC. Prospective screening studies, in which patients with COPD should be followed up for several years will help identify biomarkers that may predict the risk of LC among these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Barreiro
- Pulmonology Department-Lung Cancer and Muscle Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona Autonomous University (UAB), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain; ; Network of Excellence in Lung Diseases (CIBERES), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Bustamante
- Pneumology Department, Basurto University Hospital, Osakidetza, Department of Medicine, EHU-University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Víctor Curull
- Pulmonology Department-Lung Cancer and Muscle Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona Autonomous University (UAB), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain; ; Network of Excellence in Lung Diseases (CIBERES), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gea
- Pulmonology Department-Lung Cancer and Muscle Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona Autonomous University (UAB), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain; ; Network of Excellence in Lung Diseases (CIBERES), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis López-Campos
- Network of Excellence in Lung Diseases (CIBERES), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; ; Medical-Surgery Unit of Respiratory Disease, Sevilla Biomedicine Institute (IBIS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Xavier Muñoz
- Network of Excellence in Lung Diseases (CIBERES), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; ; Pulmonology Service, Medicine Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona Autonomous University (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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Giubergia V, Alessandrini F, Barrias C, Giuseppucci C, Reusmann A, Barrenechea M, Castaños C. Risk factors for morbidities and mortality in children following pneumonectomy. Respirology 2016; 22:187-191. [PMID: 27511212 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Pneumonectomy (PNE) is a procedure infrequently performed in children. A high morbidity/mortality rate associated with PNE has been described. Few series have been published in the last 15 years. Risk factors associated with morbidity/mortality after PNE were evaluated. Indications, course, survival and complications of PNE in children were also analized. METHODS In a case series of 51 children who underwent PNE, death within 30 days of surgery, pneumonia, empyema, sepsis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopleural fistula, bleeding, pneumothorax and post-PNE syndrome were considered major morbidities. Scoliosis, wound infection and atelectasis were considered minor morbidities. RESULTS Median age at PNE was 7.4 years; 45% were males. Indications of pneumonectomy were postinfectious bronchiectasis (61%), tumours (17%), pulmonary malformations (17%), aspiration syndrome (14%), cystic fibrosis (6%), immunodeficiency (4%) and trauma (2%). Mortality rate was 4% at 1 month. Major and minor morbidities were present in 23% and 27% of patients, respectively. Risk factors for development of morbidities after PNE were age ≤ 3 years (OR: 16.7; 95% CI: 2.4-117) and the need for mechanical ventilation for at least 4 days (OR: 8; 95% CI: 1.5-43.6). CONCLUSION Children are at high risk of death, major and minor morbidities following PNE. Caution is recommended for this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Giubergia
- Pulmonology Department, Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan Pediatric Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Alessandrini
- Pulmonology Department, Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan Pediatric Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Barrias
- Pulmonology Department, Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan Pediatric Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Giuseppucci
- General Surgery Department, Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan Pediatric Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aixa Reusmann
- General Surgery Department, Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan Pediatric Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Barrenechea
- General Surgery Department, Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan Pediatric Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio Castaños
- Pulmonology Department, Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan Pediatric Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Mateu-Jiménez M, Sánchez-Font A, Rodríguez-Fuster A, Aguilό R, Pijuan L, Fermoselle C, Gea J, Curull V, Barreiro E. Redox Imbalance in Lung Cancer of Patients with Underlying Chronic Respiratory Conditions. Mol Med 2016; 22:85-98. [PMID: 26772773 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases such as obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and oxidative stress may underlie lung cancer (LC). We hypothesized that the profile of oxidative and antioxidant events may differ in lung tumors and blood compartments of patients with non-small cell LC (NSCLC) with and without COPD. Redox markers (immunoblotting, ELISA, chemiluminescence, 2D electrophoresis and proteomics) were analyzed in blood samples of 17 control subjects and 80 LC patients (59 LC-COPD and 21 LC) and lung specimens (tumor and nontumor) from those undergoing thoracotomy (35 patients: 23 LC-COPD and 12 LC). As smoking history was more prevalent in LC-COPD patients, these were further analyzed post hoc as heavy and moderate smokers (cutoff, 60 pack-years). Malondialdehyde (MDA)-protein adducts and SOD1 levels were higher in tumor and nontumor samples of LC-COPD than in LC. In tumors compared with nontumors, SOD2 protein content was greater, whereas catalase levels were decreased in both LC and LC-COPD patients. Blood superoxide anion levels, protein carbonylation and nitration were greater in LC and LC-COPD patients than in the controls, and in the latter patients compared with the former. Systemic superoxide anion, protein carbonyls and nitrotyrosine above specific cutoff values best identified underlying COPD among all patients. Smoking did not influence the study results. A differential expression profile of oxidative stress markers exists in blood and, to a lesser extent, in the tumors of LC-COPD patients. These findings suggest that systemic oxidative stress and lung antioxidants (potential biomarkers) may predispose patients with chronic respiratory diseases to a higher risk for LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Mateu-Jiménez
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle and Respiratory System Research Unit (URMAR), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Sánchez-Font
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle and Respiratory System Research Unit (URMAR), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Rodríguez-Fuster
- Thoracic Surgery Department and Pathology Department, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Aguilό
- Thoracic Surgery Department and Pathology Department, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Pijuan
- Pathology Department, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Fermoselle
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle and Respiratory System Research Unit (URMAR), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gea
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle and Respiratory System Research Unit (URMAR), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Curull
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle and Respiratory System Research Unit (URMAR), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Barreiro
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle and Respiratory System Research Unit (URMAR), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
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Coutinho D, Gonçalves A, Antunes A, Campainha S, Miranda J, Barroso A. Adjuvant chemotherapy in stage IB non-small cell lung carcinoma: A survival analysis. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE PNEUMOLOGIA 2015; 22:123-5. [PMID: 26534739 DOI: 10.1016/j.rppnen.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Coutinho
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
| | - A Gonçalves
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - A Antunes
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - S Campainha
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - J Miranda
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - A Barroso
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
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Freixinet Gilart J, Rodríguez Suárez PM. Morbidity, mortality and survival after surgery for lung cancer. Arch Bronconeumol 2015; 51:211-2. [PMID: 25857573 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Freixinet Gilart
- Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Isla de Gran Canaria, España.
| | - Pedro Miguel Rodríguez Suárez
- Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Isla de Gran Canaria, España
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