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Villhauer AL, Lynch DJ, Warren JJ, Dawson DV, Blanchette DR, Drake DR. Genotypic characterization and comparison of Streptococcus mutans in American Indian and Southeast Iowa children. Clin Exp Dent Res 2017; 3:235-243. [PMID: 29416899 PMCID: PMC5788224 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries is a complex health care issue that has a multifactorial etiology. One aspect of this etiology is the colonization and propagation of acidogenic bacteria at an early age. There have been several bacterial species associated with caries but 1 common species is Streptococcus mutans. Here, we describe genotypic diversity and commonality of Streptococcus mutans recovered from children representing 2 groups with similar socioeconomic demographics: a Northern Plains American Indian Tribe and a Southeast Iowa population. Forty 36‐month‐old American Indian children were selected from a cohort of 239 mothers and children, and forty 2‐ to 5‐year‐old children from Southeast Iowa were selected to compare the genotypic profiles of Streptococcus mutans recovered from each child's plaque. S. mutans isolates were selected from whole mouth plaque samples; DNA was extracted and amplified via AP‐PCR to show specific genotype patterns. These patterns were compared with GelComparIIv6.5 gel analysis software. We found 18 distinct genotypes from 524 isolates; 13 of which were common between the 2 communities. Five genotypes were unique to only the American Indian children while the Southeast Iowa children harbored no unique genotypes. Although the American Indian children had some genotypes that were not present in the Southeast Iowa children, these were not widely distributed among the community. Furthermore, the levels of genotypic diversity and commonality were similar between the 2 populations. This study sets the groundwork for a comprehensive comparison of genotypes and caries among larger subsections of both populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa L Villhauer
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research University of Iowa, College of Dentistry Iowa USA
| | - David J Lynch
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research University of Iowa, College of Dentistry Iowa USA
| | - John J Warren
- Preventive and Community Dentistry University of Iowa, College of Dentistry Iowa USA
| | - Deborah V Dawson
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research University of Iowa, College of Dentistry Iowa USA
| | - Derek R Blanchette
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research University of Iowa, College of Dentistry Iowa USA
| | - David R Drake
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research University of Iowa, College of Dentistry Iowa USA
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Barreiro E, Bustamante V, Curull V, Gea J, López-Campos JL, Muñoz X. Relationships between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer: biological insights. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:E1122-E1135. [PMID: 27867578 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.09.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) has become one of the leading causes of preventable death in the last few decades. Cigarette smoking (CS) stays as the main etiologic factor of LC despite that many other causes such as occupational exposures, air pollution, asbestos, or radiation have also been implicated. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which also represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries, exhibit a significantly greater risk of LC. The study of the underlying biological mechanisms that may predispose patients with chronic respiratory diseases to a higher incidence of LC has also gained much attention in the last few years. The present review has been divided into three major sections in which different aspects have been addressed: (I) relevant etiologic agents of LC; (II) studies confirming the hypothesis that COPD patients are exposed to a greater risk of developing LC; and (III) evidence on the most relevant underlying biological mechanisms that support the links between COPD and LC. Several carcinogenic agents have been described in the last decades but CS remains to be the leading etiologic agent in most geographical regions in which the incidence of LC is very high. Growing evidence has put the line forward the implications of COPD and especially of emphysema in LC development. Hence, COPD represents a major risk factor of LC in patients. Different avenues of research have demonstrated the presence of relevant biological mechanisms that may predispose COPD patients to develop LC. Importantly, the so far identified biological mechanisms offer targets for the design of specific therapeutic strategies that will further the current treatment options for patients with LC. Prospective screening studies, in which patients with COPD should be followed up for several years will help identify biomarkers that may predict the risk of LC among these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Barreiro
- Pulmonology Department-Lung Cancer and Muscle Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona Autonomous University (UAB), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain; ; Network of Excellence in Lung Diseases (CIBERES), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Bustamante
- Pneumology Department, Basurto University Hospital, Osakidetza, Department of Medicine, EHU-University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Víctor Curull
- Pulmonology Department-Lung Cancer and Muscle Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona Autonomous University (UAB), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain; ; Network of Excellence in Lung Diseases (CIBERES), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gea
- Pulmonology Department-Lung Cancer and Muscle Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona Autonomous University (UAB), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain; ; Network of Excellence in Lung Diseases (CIBERES), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis López-Campos
- Network of Excellence in Lung Diseases (CIBERES), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; ; Medical-Surgery Unit of Respiratory Disease, Sevilla Biomedicine Institute (IBIS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Xavier Muñoz
- Network of Excellence in Lung Diseases (CIBERES), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; ; Pulmonology Service, Medicine Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona Autonomous University (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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Ceyhan M, Ozsurekci Y, Gürler N, Karadag Oncel E, Camcioglu Y, Salman N, Celik M, Emiroglu MK, Akin F, Tezer H, Parlakay AO, Tuygun N, Tamburaci D, Dinleyici EC, Karbuz A, Uluca Ü, Alhan E, Çay Ü, Kurugol Z, Hatipoğlu N, Şiraneci R, İnce T, Sensoy G, Belet N, Coskun E, Yilmaz F, Hacimustafaoglu M, Celebi S, Celik Ü, Ozen M, Akaslan A, Devrim İ, Kuyucu N, Öz F, Bozdemir SE, Kara A. Bacterial agents causing meningitis during 2013-2014 in Turkey: A multi-center hospital-based prospective surveillance study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:2940-2945. [PMID: 27454468 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1209278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This is an observational epidemiological study to describe causes of bacterial meningitis among persons between 1 month and 18 y of age who are hospitalized with suspected bacterial meningitis in 7 Turkish regions. covering 32% of the entire population of Turkey. We present here the results from 2013 and 2014. A clinical case with meningitis was defined according to followings: any sign of meningitis including fever, vomiting, headache, and meningeal irritation in children above one year of age and fever without any documented source, impaired consciousness, prostration and seizures in those < 1 y of age. Single tube multiplex PCR assay was performed for the simultaneous identification of bacterial agents. The specific gene targets were ctrA, bex, and ply for N. meningitidis, Hib, and S. pneumoniae, respectively. PCR positive samples were recorded as laboratory-confirmed acute bacterial meningitis. A total of 665 children were hospitalized for suspected acute meningitis. The annual incidences of acute laboratory-confirmed bacterial meningitis were 0.3 cases / 100,000 population in 2013 and 0.9 cases/100,000 in 2014. Of the 94 diagnosed cases of bacterial meningitis by PCR, 85 (90.4%) were meningococcal and 9 (9.6%) were pneumococcal. Hib was not detected in any of the patients. Among meningococcal meningitis, cases of serogroup Y, A, B and W-135 were 2.4% (n = 2), 3.5% (n = 3), 32.9% (n = 28), and 42.4% (n = 36). No serogroup C was detected among meningococcal cases. Successful vaccination policies for protection from bacterial meningitis are dependent on accurate determination of the etiology of bacterial meningitis. Additionally, the epidemiology of meningococcal disease is dynamic and close monitoring of serogroup distribution is comprehensively needed to assess the benefit of adding meningococcal vaccines to the routine immunization program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ceyhan
- a Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ozsurekci
- a Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Nezahat Gürler
- b Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology , Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Eda Karadag Oncel
- a Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Yıldız Camcioglu
- c Department of Pediatrics , Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Nuran Salman
- d Department of Pediatrics , Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Melda Celik
- e Sanliurfa State Hospital , Sanliurfa , Turkey
| | - Melike Keser Emiroglu
- f Department of Pediatrics , Selcuk University Meram Faculty of Medicine , Konya , Turkey
| | - Fatih Akin
- g Department of Pediatrics , Konya Training and Research Hospital , Konya , Turkey
| | - Hasan Tezer
- h Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Gazi University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | | | - Nilden Tuygun
- j Microbiology Laboratory , Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Diyar Tamburaci
- k Department of Pediatrics , Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Ener Cagri Dinleyici
- l Department of Pediatrics , Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine , Eskisehir , Turkey
| | - Adem Karbuz
- m Okmeydani State Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ünal Uluca
- n Department of Pediatrics , Dicle University Faculty of Medicine , Diyarbakir , Turkey
| | - Emre Alhan
- o Department of Pediatrics , Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine , Adana , Turkey
| | - Ümmühan Çay
- o Department of Pediatrics , Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine , Adana , Turkey
| | - Zafer Kurugol
- p Department of Pediatrics , Ege University Faculty of Medicine , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Nevin Hatipoğlu
- q Department of Pediatrics , Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Rengin Şiraneci
- q Department of Pediatrics , Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Tolga İnce
- r Department of Pediatrics , Tepecik Training and Research Hospital , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Gülnar Sensoy
- s Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine , Samsun , Turkey
| | - Nursen Belet
- s Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine , Samsun , Turkey
| | - Enes Coskun
- t Department of Pediatrics , Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine , Gaziantep , Turkey
| | - Fatih Yilmaz
- t Department of Pediatrics , Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine , Gaziantep , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Hacimustafaoglu
- u Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Uludag University Faculty of Medicine , Bursa , Turkey
| | - Solmaz Celebi
- u Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Uludag University Faculty of Medicine , Bursa , Turkey
| | - Ümit Celik
- v Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital , Adana , Turkey
| | - Metehan Ozen
- w Department of Pediatrics , Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine , Isparta , Turkey
| | - Aybüke Akaslan
- w Department of Pediatrics , Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine , Isparta , Turkey
| | - İlker Devrim
- x Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Training and Research Hospital , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Necdet Kuyucu
- y Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Mersin University Faculty of Medicine , Mersin , Turkey
| | - Fatmanur Öz
- z Department of Pediatrics , Elazig University Faculty of Medicine , Elazig , Turkey
| | - Sefika Elmas Bozdemir
- aa Department of Pediatrics , Kayseri Training and Research Hospital , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Ahu Kara
- x Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Training and Research Hospital , Izmir , Turkey
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Lynch DJ, Villhauer AL, Warren JJ, Marshall TA, Dawson DV, Blanchette DR, Phipps KR, Starr DE, Drake DR. Genotypic characterization of initial acquisition of Streptococcus mutans in American Indian children. J Oral Microbiol 2015; 7:27182. [PMID: 25840611 PMCID: PMC4385128 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v7.27182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe-early childhood caries (S-ECC) is one of the most common infectious diseases in children and is prevalent in lower socio-economic populations. American Indian children suffer from the highest levels of S-ECC in the United States. Members of the mutans streptococci, Streptococcus mutans, in particular, are key etiologic agents in the development of caries. Children typically acquire S. mutans from their mothers and early acquisition is often associated with higher levels of tooth decay. Methods We have conducted a 5-year birth cohort study with a Northern Plains Tribe to determine the temporality and fidelity of S. mutans transmission from mother to child in addition to the genotypic diversity of S. mutans in this community. Plaque samples were collected from 239 mother/child dyads at regular intervals from birth to 36 months and S. mutans were isolated and genotyped by arbitrarily primed-polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR). Results Here we present preliminary findings from a subset of the cohort. The focus for this paper is on initial acquisition events in the children. We identified 17 unique genotypes in 711 S. mutans isolates in our subset of 40 children, 40 mothers and 14 primary caregivers. Twelve of these genotypes were identified in more than one individual. S. mutans colonization occurred by 16 months in 57.5% of the children and early colonization was associated with higher decayed, missing and filled surface (DMFS) scores (p=0.0007). Children colonized by S. mutans shared a common genotype with their mothers 47.8% of the time. While multiple genotypes were common in adults, only 10% of children harbored multiple genotypes. Conclusion These children acquire S. mutans at an earlier age than the originally described ‘window of infectivity’ and often, but not exclusively, from their mothers. Early acquisition is associated with both the caries status of the children and the mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Lynch
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alissa L Villhauer
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John J Warren
- Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Teresa A Marshall
- Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Deborah V Dawson
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Derek R Blanchette
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Delores E Starr
- Area Regional Dental Prevention/Research Director, Pine Ridge, SD, USA
| | - David R Drake
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA;
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Ceyhan M, Gürler N, Ozsurekci Y, Keser M, Aycan AE, Gurbuz V, Salman N, Camcioglu Y, Dinleyici EC, Ozkan S, Sensoy G, Belet N, Alhan E, Hacimustafaoglu M, Celebi S, Uzun H, Faik Oner A, Kurugol Z, Ali Tas M, Aygun D, Karadag Oncel E, Celik M, Yasa O, Akin F, Coşkun Y. Meningitis caused by Neisseria Meningitidis, Hemophilus Influenzae Type B and Streptococcus Pneumoniae during 2005-2012 in Turkey. A multicenter prospective surveillance study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:2706-12. [PMID: 25483487 DOI: 10.4161/hv.29678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful vaccination policies for protection from bacterial meningitis are dependent on determination of the etiology of bacterial meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were obtained prospectively from children from 1 month to ≤18 years of age hospitalized with suspected meningitis, in order to determine the etiology of meningitis in Turkey. DNA evidence of Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis), Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), and Hemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was detected using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In total, 1452 CSF samples were evaluated and bacterial etiology was determined in 645 (44.4%) cases between 2005 and 2012; N. meningitidis was detected in 333 (51.6%), S. pneumoniae in 195 (30.2%), and Hib in 117 (18.1%) of the PCR positive samples. Of the 333 N. meningitidis positive samples 127 (38.1%) were identified as serogroup W-135, 87 (26.1%) serogroup B, 28 (8.4%) serogroup A and 3 (0.9%) serogroup Y; 88 (26.4%) were non-groupable. As vaccines against the most frequent bacterial isolates in this study are available and licensed, these results highlight the need for broad based protection against meningococcal disease in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ceyhan
- a Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases ; Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine ; Ankara , Turkey
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Ahmad S, Dalwai A, Al-Nakib W. Frequency of enterovirus detection in blood samples of neonates admitted to hospital with sepsis-like illness in Kuwait. J Med Virol 2014; 85:1280-5. [PMID: 23918545 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of enteroviruses in sepsis-like illness among neonates in Kuwait. Serum samples from 139 consecutive neonates presenting with sepsis-like illness during a three and a half-year-period whose blood cultures were negative for bacterial pathogens were tested. Enterovirus RNA was detected by single-step reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Specific genotypes were identified by direct DNA sequencing of enteroviral genome. Serotype-specific antibodies in serum samples from some selected patients were detected by virus neutralization test using coxsackievirus B types (CBVs). All 139 neonates presented with sepsis-like illness and blood samples were uniformly negative for aerobic/anaerobic bacterial cultures. Fifty-six (40%) neonates had further complications of sepsis including carditis (n = 34) and multi-organ involvement (n = 22). Enterovirus RNA was detected by RT-PCR in 34 of 139 (24%) serum samples which is among the highest frequency reported so far in non-epidemic settings. Genotyping identified CBVs as most common enteroviruses, causing 19 of 34 (56%) enteroviral sepsis episodes in neonates. Of 34 carditis cases, 18 were positive for CBVs by serotyping including all 10 enterovirus RNA-positive samples. Only one fatality was observed due to liver failure in a neonate with hepatitis. Our data showed that enteroviruses are responsible for 24% of neonatal sepsis cases due to non-bacterial causes in Kuwait. The data indicate that enteroviruses should be considered in the differential diagnosis of sepsis-like illness among neonates, particularly those with negative blood cultures for bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Ahmad
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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Omoregie R, Egbe CA, Igbarumah IO, Ogefere H, Okorie E. Prevalence and etiologic agents of female reproductive tract infection among in-patients and out-patients of a tertiary hospital in Benin city, Nigeria. N Am J Med Sci 2012; 2:473-7. [PMID: 22558550 PMCID: PMC3339110 DOI: 10.4297/najms.2010.2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Reproductive tract infections are public health problems in women of reproductive age and can result in serious consequences if not treated. Aims: To determine the prevalence and causes of reproductive tract infections among in-patients and out-patients attending a tertiary health institution in Benin City. The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of bacterial agents will also be determined. Patients and Methods: High vaginal swabs or endocervical swabs and blood were collected from 957 patients consisting of 755 out-patients and 202 in-patients. The swabs were processed and microbial isolates identified using standard technique. Disc susceptibility tests were also performed on microbial isolates. The blood samples were used for serological diagnosis of syphilis. Results: There was no significant difference in the prevalence of female reproductive tract infections between in-patients (52.48%) and out-patients (47.02%), although in-patients showed a significantly higher risk of developing mixed infections (in-patients vs. out-patients; 34.91% vs. 22.25%, OR = 1.873 95% CI = 1.169, 3.001; P = 0.01). Candida albicans was the most prevalent etiologic agent among out-patients studied while Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent etiologic agent among in-patients. Trichomonas vaginalis was observed only among out-patients. Ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were the most active antibacterial agents. Syphilis was not detected in any patient. Conclusion: An overall prevalence of 48.17% of female reproductive tract infection was observed among the study population. Although there was no significant difference between in-patients and out-patients, in-patients appeared to have 1-3-fold increase risk of developing mixed infections. The most prevalent etiologic agent differs between in-patients and out-patients. Despite the high activity of ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin against bacterial isolates from both in-patients and out-patients, prudent use of antibacterial agents is advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Omoregie
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 1111, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
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Osazuwa F, Osazuwa E, Osime C, Igharo EA, Imade PE, Lofor P, Momoh M, Omoregie R, Dirisu J. Etiologic agents of otitis media in Benin city, Nigeria. N Am J Med Sci 2012; 3:95-8. [PMID: 22540074 PMCID: PMC3336895 DOI: 10.4297/najms.2011.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Otitis Media continues to be a major presentation in the ear, nose and throat clinic. Aim: This study aimed to isolate, characterize and identify the bacteriological and mycological etiologic agents of otitis media in Benin city. Patients and Methods: Ear discharge from 569 (299 males and 270 females) patients diagnosed clinically of otitis media between August 2009 and August 2010 were processed to recover the bacterial and fungal etiologic agents. Susceptibility test was performed on all bacterial isolate. Result: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28.3%) was the predominant bacteria isolate causing otitis media followed by Staphylococcus aureus (21.0%), Klebsiella sp (8.9%), Proteus sp (8.2%), Alkaligenes spp (4.3%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (3.9%), Escherichia coli (3.0%) and Citrobacter freundi (1.7%). Fungi isolated were Aspergillus niger (9.2%), Candida albicans (5.4%), Candida tropicalis (3.0%), Aspergillus flavus (2.1%) and Candida parasilopsis (1.5%). 413 had a single organism isolated from the middle ear culture while twenty (3.51%) patients had mixed organisms isolated. Infection was highest among 0 - 5 years, and lowest among aged 18 - 23. All bacterial isolates were poorly susceptible to the antibacterial agents. Conclusion: The study uncovers a high frequency of bacteria associated otitis media with the finding of fungi too as a significant etiologic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Favour Osazuwa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, PMB 1111, Benin City, Nigeria
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